JP4518542B2 - 植物発芽抑制剤及びその使用方法 - Google Patents
植物発芽抑制剤及びその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4518542B2 JP4518542B2 JP2004097250A JP2004097250A JP4518542B2 JP 4518542 B2 JP4518542 B2 JP 4518542B2 JP 2004097250 A JP2004097250 A JP 2004097250A JP 2004097250 A JP2004097250 A JP 2004097250A JP 4518542 B2 JP4518542 B2 JP 4518542B2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G20/30—Apparatus for treating the lawn or grass surface
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
- A01N25/06—Aerosols
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Description
本発明の植物発芽抑制剤の有効成分は、ロクショウグサレキン又はその類似菌類(以下、ロクショウグサレキン系類ともいう)によって木質部中に産生された色素、あるいは該菌体に含まれる色素であって、その調製は好ましくは水又は有機溶媒あるいは水−有機溶媒溶液などによる抽出分離、中でも加圧熱水抽出分離により行われる。
この色素は、紫外線又は可視光線の照射により青色から紫色に色調変化し、それとともに植物発芽抑制効果は高まる。
また、レンコン、サツマイモ、ジャガイモ、サトイモ、ニンニク、ショウガ、ラッキョ、ミョウガ、タケノコ、コンニャクイモなどを挙げることができる。
他方、雑草の例としては、上記以外の単子葉植物や双子葉植物がある。
さらに、本発明の植物発芽抑制剤は、芝生の管理にも利用することができる。
しかるに、本発明の植物発芽抑制剤を用いると、シバの過度の成長が抑制されるとともに、シバ以外の雑草の発生を阻止できるので、効率よく芝生の管理を行うことができる。
ロクショウグサレキンが産生した色素を含む木質材を粉砕して試料とし、この試料7gを、それが流出しないように両端を焼結フィルターでキャップした抽出部に仕込み、これに130℃の熱水を、圧力開放下、10ml/分で40分間流したのち、0.01モル/リットル濃度の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を2MPaにて10ml/分の流量で流し、色素の抽出を約2時間行った。こうして得られた濃い青色の色素水溶液に3.5質量%塩酸を少量添加してpHを3以下に調整して色素成分を析出させ、ろ過して固体状で色素を得た。色素成分の代表例としてキシリンデイン(ザイリンデイン)が知られているが、本発明に用いられる色素はこれに限定されるものではない。
溶液A;NH4NO3 165g、KNO3 190g、KH2PO4 17g、H3BO3 620mg、MnSO4・4H2O 2.23g、ZnSO4・4H2O 860mg、KI 83mg、Na2・MoO4・2H2O 25mg、CuSO4・5H2O 2.5mg及びCoCl2・6H2O 2.5mgを蒸留水1.5リットルに順次溶かしたのち、最終的に蒸留水を加えて全量2リットルとした。
溶液B;CaCl2・2H2O 44gを蒸留水に溶解し、全量を1リットルとした。
溶液C;MgSO4・7H2O 37gを蒸留水に溶解し、全量を1リットルとした。
溶液D;FeSO4・7H2O 2.78g及びNa2−EDTA 3.73gを蒸留水に溶解し、全量を1リットルとした。
上記の溶液A 20mlと溶液B 10mlと溶液C 10mlと溶液D 10mlとショ糖30gと蒸留水500mlとを混合したのち、蒸留水を加えて全量を1リットルとし、pHを5.7〜5.8に調整し、寒天10gを加えて試験培地を調製した。
バーミキュライトを入れたプラスチック製培養ポット(キリンビール社製、商品名「アグリポット」)に、オートクレーブ中120℃で20分間無菌化処理した。前記試験培地を50mlずつ分取し、それぞれに色素を5×10-5g/リットル、2.5×10-4g/リットル、5×10-4g/リットル、2.5×10-3g/リットル、5×10-3g/リットル、1×10-2g/リットル及び2×10-2g/リットルの濃度で含有させた。
次いでクリーンベンチの中で、各アグリポットごとにカイワレダイコン種子[0.1質量%塩化水銀(II)で1分間処理後、流水及び無菌水で洗浄]14個を播種し、アグリポットをアルミニウム箔で包み、人工気象機中で22℃に保ち発芽させた。発芽後直ちにアルミニウム箔を取り除き、植物栽培用蛍光灯で16時間照射後、8時間暗所に置くサイクルを繰り返し、14日間栽培を継続した。
各濃度ごとの発芽状態を、色素を含まない対照と比較して図1に示す。また、14個の種子について平均した葉条の長さ(cm)と色素濃度(g/リットル)との関係を示すグラフを図2にAとして示す。
次いで、これらの培養ポットごとにイネ種子7個を播種し、実施例1と同様にして培養した。
このようにして得た各濃度ごとの発芽状態を色素を含まない対照と比較して図3に示す。
また、7個の種子について葉条の長さ(cm)と色素濃度との関係を示すグラフを図2にBとして示す。
参考例1で得た色素の2×10-2g/リットル濃度水溶液を吹き付けたのち乾燥したダイコンの種子30個を水に2時間さらして色素を除去し、水で湿らせたシャーレ上の脱脂綿の上に置き、人工気象機の中で光照射下、発芽を観察したが、ダイコンの種子30個全てに発芽が認められた。
参考例1で得た色素の2×10-2g/リットル濃度水溶液をブロッコリー種子30個に吹き付けたのち乾燥した。次いで流水に2時間さらして色素を洗い落とし、シャーレ内の水で湿らした脱脂綿の上に置き、人工気象機の中で光照射したところ、1週間後30個の種子のすべてに発芽が認められた。
ソラマメ20個に参考例1で得た色素の2×10-2g/リットル濃度の水溶液を吹き付けたのち乾燥し、流水に2時間さらして色素を除去し、シャーレ内の水で湿らせた脱脂綿の上に置き、人工気象機中で光照射しながら発芽状態を観察したところ、1週間ですべての種子に発芽が認められた。
膨潤させたトウモロコシの種子20個に参考例1で得た色素の2×10-2g/リットル濃度の水溶液を吹き付け乾燥したのち、流水に2時間さらして色素を除去し、シャーレ内の水で湿らせた脱脂綿の上に置き、人工気象機中で光照射しながら発芽状態を観察したところ、1週間ですべての種子に発芽が認められた。
参考例1で得た色素の2×10-2g/リットル濃度水溶液を、スイカの種子30個に吹き付けたのち乾燥した。次いで、流水に2時間さらして色素を洗い落とした種子をシャーレ内の水で湿らせた脱脂綿の上に置き、人工気象機の中で光照射しながら、発芽状態を観察したところ、1か月ですべての種子が発芽した。
参考例1で得た色素の2×10-2g/リットル濃度水溶液を、クリの実30個に吹き付けたのち乾燥した。次いで、流水に2時間さらして色素を洗い落としたクリの実をシャーレ内の水で湿らせた脱脂綿の上に置き、人工気象機の中で光照射しながら、発芽状態を観察したところ、1か月ですべてのクリの実が発芽した。
参考例で得た色素の2×10-2g/リットル濃度水溶液を、1個のジャガイモをカットして準備した10個の試片に吹き付けたのち乾燥した。次いで、流水に2時間さらして色素を洗い落とした試片をシャーレ内の水で湿らせた脱脂綿の上に置き、人工気象機の中で光照射しながら、発芽状態を観察したところ、1か月ですべての試片が発芽した。
一方盆栽用のクロマツ(植物体の全質量約1kg)5本をロクショウグサレキンが繁殖した腐朽材のおがくずを入れないでに大きな鉢に植え日光を当てながら生育を観察した。
一方、残った裸子植物のクロマツ5本と双子葉植物であるキョウチクトウ5本を(B)群とし、それぞれ1本ずつをロクショウグサレキンが繁殖した腐朽材のおがくずを入れないで一般的な畑用の土25kgと一緒に大きな鉢に植え、日光を照射しながら発芽状態を観察した。
次いで、単子葉植物と双子葉植物の雑草が茂る住宅地用の宅地200m2を草刈機によって雑草除去作業したのち、その中の100m2に上記の植物発芽抑制剤溶液を100ml/m2の割合で散布した。2か月後、雑草の切断面から発生する茎条部分を採取し、計量したところ、植物発芽抑制剤溶液を散布しない残りの100m2のそれに比べ約1/5であった。
その後、イネの生育は順調であったが、そのA区の水田にはノビエ、ホタルイ、キシュウノスズメなどの雑草は全く発生しなかった。一方、B区には全く植物発芽抑制剤を散布しなかったところ、イネの生育は順調であったが、イネの株間にノビエ、ホタルイ、キシュウノスズメなどの雑草が多量に発生した。
その後、コムギの生育は順調であったが、そのA区の畑地にはコムギの列と株間の間に通常発生するカヤツリグサ、タカサゴソウ、スズメノエンドウ、ヤハズエンドウ、カラスムギなどの雑草は全く発生しなかった。一方、B区の畑地には植物発芽抑制剤溶液を散布しなかった。この畑地ではコムギの生育は順調であったが、コムギの列と株間の間にカヤツリグサ、タカサゴソウ、スズメノエンドウ、ヤハズエンドウ、カラスムギなどの雑草が多量に発生した。
その後ダイズの生育は順調であった。そしてA区にはトキンソウ、タカサゴソウ、カヤツリグサ、ススキ、メヒシバ、ササガヤなどの雑草は全く発生しなかったが、植物発芽抑制剤溶液を散布しないB区ではダイズの株間にトキンソウ、タカサゴソウ、カヤツリグサ、ススキ、メヒシバ、ササガヤなどの雑草が多量に発生した。
その後、アズキの生育はいずれも順調であった。しかしながら、A区のアズキにはトキンソウ、タカサゴソウ、カヤツリグサ、ススキ、メヒシバ、ササガヤなどの雑草は全く発生しなかったにもかかわらず、B区にはアズキの株間にトキンソウ、タカサゴソウ、カヤツリグサ、ススキ、メヒシバ、ササガヤなどの雑草が多量に発生した。
1か月後観察するとA群ではシバの成長とタンポポの種子の発芽とススキの種子の発芽は観察されなかったが、B群ではシバが成長し、40cm×40cmのシバ苗床の端から長いものでは50cm程度のシバの新芽が平均で1枚当り10本程伸びているほどの成長活性を示していた。B群のタンポポの種子の発芽とススキの種子は発芽し大きく生育していた。
9月に観察した結果では、前者ではタンポポとススキの種子の発芽と生育は観察されなかったが、後者ではタンポポの種子からは約80個が発芽し生育し、ススキの種子も約70個が発芽し生育していた。その後、草刈機と芝刈り機で刈り取った前者の植物体の全質量は後者に比べ1/10と極めて少なかった。
ヒメダカ40匹(雄20匹、雌20匹)を2群(雄10匹、雌10匹)に分け、色素キシリンデイン(1×10-2g/リットル)水溶液中とロクショウグサレキンの菌糸が生育し、腐食され青く染まった木材存在下で飼育した。1週間経過してもヒメダカには異常はみられなかった。
このことから、ロクショウグサレキンが産生する色素は、その使用濃度において生体に対して何ら害を与えないことが分る。
Claims (7)
- ロクショウグサレキン又はその類似菌類であるロクショウグサレキンモドキ若しくはヒメロクショウグサレキンにより木質部中に産生された色素又はロクショウグサレキン又はその類似菌類であるロクショウグサレキンモドキ若しくはヒメロクショウグサレキンの菌体に含まれる色素を有効成分とする植物発芽抑制剤。
- 植物の生育地域に対し、該植物の発芽期において、請求項1記載の植物発芽抑制剤を散布して、該植物の発芽を抑制し、根茎組織の形成を阻止することを特徴とする植物組織形成制御方法。
- 少なくとも2種の植物の共生地域に対し、請求項1記載の植物発芽抑制剤を散布し、各植物の発芽が抑制される前記色素の濃度の差異を利用して、所要の栽培植物以外の植物の根茎組織の形成を選択的に阻止することを特徴とする植物栽培方法。
- 植物が単子葉植物、双子葉植物及び裸子植物の中から選ばれた少なくとも2種である請求項3記載の植物栽培方法。
- 共生地域が栽培作物の単子葉植物と雑草となる単子葉植物又は双子葉植物あるいはその両方の共生地域である請求項4記載の植物栽培方法。
- 共生地域が栽培植物の双子葉植物と雑草となる単子葉植物又は双子葉植物あるいはその両方の共生地域である請求項4記載の植物栽培方法。
- シバの植生地域に対し、請求項1記載の植物発芽抑制剤を散布し、シバの過度の成長を防止するとともに、シバ以外の雑草の発生を防止することを特徴とする芝生管理方法。
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US11/547,358 US20070274956A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2005-03-29 | Plant Germination Inhibitor And Method Of Use Thereof |
EP05727792A EP1736053A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2005-03-29 | Plant germination inhibitor and method of use thereof |
CA002560961A CA2560961A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2005-03-29 | Plant germination inhibitor and method of use thereof |
CNB2005800101853A CN100542407C (zh) | 2004-03-29 | 2005-03-29 | 植物发芽抑制剂及其使用方法 |
PCT/JP2005/005901 WO2005092107A1 (ja) | 2004-03-29 | 2005-03-29 | 植物発芽抑制剤及びその使用方法 |
KR1020067022020A KR101098107B1 (ko) | 2004-03-29 | 2006-10-24 | 식물발아억제제 및 그 사용방법 |
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CN105123905A (zh) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-09 | 齐鲁工业大学 | 一种抑制马铃薯发芽的方法 |
CN106305986A (zh) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-01-11 | 天津商业大学 | 一种抑制马铃薯发芽的方法 |
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CN107360756B (zh) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-05-15 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | 一种促进金丝李种子快速且多次萌发成苗的方法 |
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