JP4515918B2 - ローカル電話回線上で直流電力を提供するための方法およびシステム - Google Patents
ローカル電話回線上で直流電力を提供するための方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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Description
(「旧式の普通の電話サービス(Plain Old Telephone Service)」すなわち、「POTS」としても知られる)従来のアナログ電話通信は、「加入者ループ」として知られるワイヤ対を用いて電話機に接続された電話局(CO)または構内交換機(PBX)に基づいている。ほとんどの場合、建物内のワイヤの電話機側は電話アウトレットを用いて終端されており、電話機はこのアウトレットに接続されている。PBX/COは、その回線に接続された電話の電話オフフック/オンフック状態を検出するために、低電圧(通常、約48VDC)、低出力の直流を提供している。従来のアナログ電話では、受け台から受話器を持ち上げる(オフフック状態)と、回線全体に抵抗負荷を付与するスイッチが閉じ、これにより、加入者ループに直流電流が流れる。この電流は、電話オフフック状態を知らせるために、また、従来の「パルスダイアル方式」のスイッチシステム用として、PBX/COにおいて検出される。このような直流電力は、当初は電話オフフック状態およびパルスダイアル方式を検出する目的だけに意図されていたが、電話機器内で用いられる電気回路やこれらに付随する通信およびデータ伝送の使用に関係する装置といった、その他の目的のために低電圧電力を供給するためにも広く用いられている。 本発明の目的において、1つまたはそれ以上の電話にローカル電話回線を提供するあらゆる施設は、構内交換機(PBX)、電話局(CO)、または同様のシステムと機能的に同等であると考えられ、本明細書においては、「PBX/CO」という用語によって示す。 図1は、基本的な構内PBX/CO・電話間接続構成10を示す模式図である。PBX/CO11は、電話機13aおよび13bがそれぞれ2線の接続回線を介して接続された配線14で構成される2線式電話回線のローカルループまたは加入者ループを有する。「電話機」としては、電話、ファクス装置、ダイアルアップモデムおよびその他のあらゆる電話通信機器が含まれるが、これらに限定されるものではない。ほとんどの場合、各電話機は、電話アウトレット12aおよび12bによりそれぞれ電話線に接続している。 構内の配線14は、配線が1つのアウトレットから次へと線形に接続されている、直列、すなわち「デイジーチェーン型」のトポロジに通常は基づいているが、星型、ツリー型、または任意のトポロジといったその他のトポロジを用いることもできる。しかし、トポロジにかかわらず、住居内の電話配線システムには、常に配線式媒体が用いられる。すなわち、2つまたは4つの銅線であり、これらは、これら配線に電話機に接続するための直接的なアクセスを提供する1つまたはそれ以上のアウトレット内で終端している。
以下、本発明を、添付図面を例示目的にのみ用いて説明する。
電話回線を介してローカル電力を提供するための本発明による原理およびシステム動作は、図面およびそれに付随する説明を参照することにより理解される。図面および説明は、本発明の原理に向けられている。実際の実施において、1つの部品は、1つまたはそれ以上の機能を実行することが可能である。または、各機能は、複数の部品および回路によって実行することが可能である。図面および説明において、同一の符号は、異なる実施形態または構成に共通の部品を示す。 アナログ電話信号は、音声(音声信号)、呼び出し信号、DTMF信号、ならびにオンフック・オフフック表示器、パルスダイアル方式および電話機への電力供給に用いられる直流(一般的には、48VDC)等の多くの成分を含みうる。本発明は、直流信号(以下、「直流電話信号」または「直流信号」と呼ぶ)をその他の全ての信号(非直流信号、以下、「交流電話信号」または「交流信号」と総称する)から分離すると共に、交流信号が電話配線を介して透過的に搬送される間に、直流信号を以下に詳細に説明するように別個に処理することを要件とする。
以下に、図3に示すシステム30を参照して、本発明をより詳細に説明する。このシステムにおいて、交流通過/直流中断装置34は、PBX/CO11と図1および図2の配線14に相当する電話配線38との間に直列に挿入されている。装置34は、交流に対して完全に透過であり、交流信号を配線38に流すことができるが、電話信号の直流成分は通過させない。同様に、直流通過/交流中断装置35もまた、PBX/COユニット11に接続されている。この装置は、直流に対して完全に透過であり、PBX/CO11に結合された電話信号の交流成分を中断させつつ直流信号を接続37に流すことを可能にしている。交流通過/直流中断装置34は、コンデンサや変圧器等の部品を含んでもよいが、これらに限定されるものではない。同様に、直流通過/交流中断装置35は、インダクタやチョーク等の部品を含んでもよいが、これらに限定されるものではない。直流電源22は、商用交流電源からプラグ25を介して電力を受け取るとともに、配線38を介して搬送された交流信号を妨害するあるいはこれらによって妨害されることなく直流電力を電話配線38へ印加することを主たる機能とする電源カプラ33を介して配線38に結合されている。負荷32は、これらの回線を介して搬送される交流信号を妨害することなくあるいはこれらによって妨害されることなく配線38から電力を抽出する負荷カプラ31を介して配線38に接続されている。電話機13aは、配線38を介して搬送される直流電力を妨害することなく電話機13aに通常の電話インタフェイスを付与するよう動作する電話カプラ36を介して電話配線38に任意に接続される。例えば、カプラ36は、電話の動作に適した直流電力の提供を可能にするDC/DC変換器を含んでもよい。カプラ36のその他の機能については以下に説明する。
上述の通り、電話オフフック状態およびパルスダイアル信号は、加入者ループにおける電流の流れに基づいてPBX/CO11により検出される。しかし、図3に示すシステム30では、PBX/CO11と電話機13aとの間で直接的な直流結合を行なうことができないため、PBX/COによってオフフック状態を検出することができない。よって、システム30は、インターコムや連続接続といった、オフフック信号方式を用いない電話システムに用いることができる。 図4に、オフフック検出を実現するシステム40を示す。オフフック状態の検出を可能にするために、電話カプラ36と電話機13aとの間にオフフック検出装置41が付加されている。オフフック検出装置41は、電話機13aのオフフック状態を検出する働きをする。このような検出は、電話機13aを流れる電流を測定する(PBXまたはCOによって用いられている方法と同様)または電話機13aの接続間の電圧低下を測定することによって行なうことができる。図4のオフフック検出装置41は電話機13aと直列接続されているが、使用する検出方法によっては、並列接続も適切でありうる。 オフフック状態を検知すると、オフフック検出装置41は、そのような状態をオフフック送信装置42に知らせる。オフフック送信装置42は、電話配線38を介して信号を送信してオフフックの検出を示すように動作する。この信号は、電話配線38の両端に接続されたオフフック受信装置44によって受信される。オフフック受信装置44は、次に、オフフック状態をシミュレートする信号を生成するオフフックシミュレータ43を作動させ、直流通過/交流中断装置35を介して接続されたPBX/COにその信号を送信する。簡単な実施において、オフフックシミュレータ43は、電話機13aがPBX/CO11に直接的に直流接続されていた場合に生じたであろう電流の流れと同様の電流の流れを接続37に生じさせる。このように、電話機13のオフフック状態は、PBX/CO11によって確実に検知される。オンフック状態は、オフフック状態が検知されない時には常に存在しているため、上記の完全な電話サービス動作は、図1に示すシステムの性能と機能的に全く同等である。
a.電力ユニット51のPBX/CO11への接続を可能にする入力電話回線インタフェイス52。
b.内部に負荷32および電話機13aが結合される、電話配線38へ電力ユニット52を接続するための出力電話回線インタフェイス53。
c.プラグ25を介して例えば商用交流電源から電力ユニット51に電力を供給することを可能にする電力インタフェイス54。
a.電話配線38とアウトレット12aとを介してTU55をPU51に接続する電話配線インタフェイス57、および
b.好ましくは独立型の電話通信接続装置(例えば、北米においてはRJ−11)を用いてTUを電話機13aに接続する電話機インタフェイス56。
a.電話配線への接続によって電力が供給され、電話機への給電を行なう別個の独立型ユニット。
b.電話ユニット(TU)55装置に組み込まれる。
c.アウトレットに組み込まれる。
既存の電話配線を電話およびデータネットワーキングの両方に同時に用いることはしばしば望ましい。このようにすれば、追加の配線を設置する必要がないので、家屋またはその他の建物における新たなローカルエリアネットワークの構築がより簡単になる。 周波数分割多重化(FDM)の概念は従来技術においてよく知られており、配線によって搬送される帯域幅を、アナログ電話信号を搬送可能な低周波数帯域とデータ通信またはその他の信号を搬送可能な高周波数帯域とに分割する手段を提供している。主として非対称ディジタル加入者ループ(ADSL)である、xDSLシステムもまた広く用いられている。
図12のシステム120は、図4に示すシステム40および本明細書に開示されるその他の実施形態を実施するための具体的な構成部品例を含んでいる。図示される直流通過/交流中断ユニット35(は、システム40の等価ユニット35の実施形態例である。図示されるように、インダクタ121および122は、当業界において公知の通り、直流信号を通過させつつ交流信号を中断するために用いられている。より良い結果を得るために、ジャイレータ回路(能動インダクタ)を用いてもよい。図示されるオフフックシミュレータ43(は、システム40の等価ユニット43の実施形態例である。抵抗器123が示されており、同抵抗器は、スイッチ124が閉じている場合に直流電流が流れることを可能にし、それによりPBX/CO11に対してオフフック直流電流をシミュレートするように動作する。ほとんどのPBX/CO11は、オフフック表示信号として20ミリアンペアを必要とする。よって、直流レベルを48VDCと仮定すると、抵抗器123は、48/0.020=2400オームの抵抗を有していなければならない。スイッチ124は、抵抗器128の両端の電圧を測定する閾値検出器125によって作動される。場合によっては、スイッチ124および閾値検出器125の一部として光カプラを使用し、ガルバニック絶縁を可能にすることが推奨される。インダクタ126と直列であるコンデンサ127は、オフフックトーンを通過させながらその他の全ての信号を遮断しかつ印加しない帯域通過フィルタ(BPF)として機能する。このようなBPFとしては、ノッチフィルタも推奨される。1つの好ましい実施形態において、300〜4000ヘルツの電話通信スペクトルから十分に離れ、かつ100キロヘルツというより低い周波数規制値から始まるADSL信号からも十分に離れた、18キロヘルツのトーンがオフフック信号トーンとして用いられる。したがって、BPFにより、上記トーンが通過し、閾値検出器125がスイッチ124を作動させることができる電流レベルを抵抗器128内に発生させることが可能となる。 交流中断/直流通過ユニット35(と同様、システム40の等価ユニット33および31の実施形態例としてそれぞれ示される電源カプラ33(および負荷カプラ31(は、直流信号を通過させ、交流信号を中断させる働きをする。電源カプラ33(は、インダクタ131および132で構成され、負荷カプラ31(は、インダクタ133および134と同様の装置によって構成される。ここでもまた、インダクタにジャイレータを実装することが好ましい。 電話カプラ36(は、交流信号を電話機13aに送り、直流をユニット22(から受け取る働きをする。電話カプラ36(は、システム40のカプラ36の実施形態例である。カプラ36(は、分割型中間タップ変圧器139を利用している。コンデンサ140および141は、変圧器139の1次巻線および2次巻線の両方において中間タップに接続され、それにより交流信号がアウトレット12aから電話機13aへ流れることを可能にしている。電話配線上の直流電力は、コンデンサ141によって抽出され、DC/DC変換器138に注入される。このDC/DC変換器は、電圧レベルを電話機13aによって要求されるレベル(典型的には48VDC)に適合させる働きをする。DC/DC変換器138からの出力は、これを交流信号と合成するためにコンデンサ140の両端に接続される。DC/DC変換器138は、電流規制および出力インピーダンスといった、電話通信に共通するその他の機能を含んでもよい。 システム40のオフフック検出装置41の一例であるオフフック検出装置41(は、不足電圧閾値検出器135に基づいている。電話機13aがオフフック状態に移行すると、その端子上の直流電圧は20VDC未満に低下する。この電圧レベルが不足電圧検出器135によって検出され、同検出器は、次に、システム40のオフフック送信装置42の一例であるオフフック送信装置42(内のスイッチ136を閉じる。トーン(正弦波)発生器136は、スイッチ135の接点が閉じる際に電話回線上に付与されるオフフックトーンを供給する。 システム40の交流通過/直流中断ユニット34の一例である交流通過/直流中断ユニット34(は、直流信号を遮断しかつ交流信号を通過させるために、2つのコンデンサ129および130を使用している。 本明細書において引用された全ての特許文献は、引用により本明細書に援用される。
Claims (19)
- 交流電話信号と直流電話信号とを含むアナログ電話信号のうち交流電話信号を電話回線源から電話セットへ、直流電力信号を電源から負荷へ、ワイヤ対を介して同時に搬送するためのシステムであって、
直流電力信号を供給する電源と、
前記電源からの直流電力信号を前記ワイヤ対に供給する第1のカプラと、
前記負荷に対して、前記ワイヤ対からの前記直流電力信号のみを通過させる第2のカプラと、
前記電話回線源から前記ワイヤ対へ前記交流電話信号を通過させかつ前記直流電話信号を遮断する第1の装置と、
前記電話信号を前記ワイヤ対と前記電話セットとの間で搬送する第3のカプラとを含むシステム。 - 前記電話セットのオフフック状態を検出する検出装置と、
検出されたオフフック状態を表す交流信号を、前記ワイヤ対へ送信するオフフック送信装置と、
前記ワイヤ対を介して前記交流信号を受信し、オフフック通知信号を提供する受信装置と、
前記オフフック通知信号に応じて起動されるシミュレータとを備え、
前記シミュレータは、オフフック状態をシミュレートする信号を、直流信号を通過させ交流信号を遮断する第2の装置を介して、前記電話回線源へ送信する、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記オフフック状態が、1つまたはそれ以上のトーン、可変インピーダンス、およびデータ通信網を介して送信されるメッセージ、のうちいずれか1つに応じて検出される請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記第3のカプラおよび前記第2のカプラのうち少なくとも1つが、電話セットおよび電話アウトレットの少なくとも1つに組み込まれている請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1のカプラおよび前記第1の装置のうち少なくとも1つが、電源、前記電話回線源、ケーブルモデム、セットトップボックス、VoIP MTA、電話回線モデム、および電話アウトレットのうち少なくとも1つに組み込まれている請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記ワイヤ対がデータ通信媒体としてさらに機能し、前記負荷がモデムを含む請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 交流電話信号と直流電話信号とを含むアナログ電話信号のうち交流電話信号を電話回線源から電話セットへ、直流電力信号を電源から負荷へ、ワイヤ対を介して同時に搬送するための方法であって、
前記ワイヤ対に直流電力信号と直流電話信号とを供給するステップと、
前記負荷に対して、直流電力信号を供給するステップと、
前記電話回線源から前記ワイヤ対へ前記交流電話信号を通過させかつ前記直流電話信号を遮断するステップと、
前記電源からの前記直流電力信号と前記直流電話信号とを前記ワイヤ対に供給するステップと、
前記ワイヤ対と前記電話セットとの間で前記電話信号を搬送するステップとを含む方法。 - 前記電話セットのオフフック状態を検出するステップと、
前記オフフック状態を検出すると、前記電話回線源へ、擬似オフフック通知を供給するステップとをさらに含む請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記オフフック状態を検出するステップが、
1つまたはそれ以上のトーン、可変インピーダンス、およびデータ通信網を介して送信されたメッセージ、のうちいずれか1つを検出するステップを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 電話回線源とワイヤ対との間に直列接続可能であり、電話回線源から電話セットへ交流電話信号と直流電話信号とを含む電話信号を、電源から負荷へ直流電力信号を、ワイヤ対を介して同時に搬送するための器具であって、
前記電話回線源および前記ワイヤ対にそれぞれ接続する第1のコネクタおよび第2のコネクタと、
前記電源から前記ワイヤ対に直流電力を供給するカプラと、
前記交流電話信号を通過させかつ前記直流電話信号を遮断する装置とを含む器具。 - 前記第2のコネクタに接続され、前記ワイヤ対においてオフフック通知を識別する受信装置と、
前記受信装置と前記第1のコネクタとに接続され、前記ワイヤ対において前記オフフック通知を識別すると、前記電話回線源へ模擬オフフック通知を供給するシミュレータとをさらに含む請求項10に記載の器具。 - 前記受信装置が、1つまたはそれ以上のトーン、可変インピーダンス、およびデータ通信網を介して送信されたメッセージ、のうちいずれか1つに応じて、前記オフフック通知を供給する請求項11に記載の器具。
- 電話セットとワイヤ対とに接続可能な、前記ワイヤ対に非直流オフフック状態通知を供給するための器具であって、前記器具は、
前記電話セットと前記ワイヤ対との間にそれぞれ接続された第1のコネクタおよび第2のコネクタと、
前記第1のコネクタに接続され、前記電話セットのオフフック状態を検出する検出装置と、
前記検出装置と前記第2のコネクタとに接続され、前記ワイヤ対にオフフック通知を供給する送信装置とを含む器具。 - 前記検出装置が、1つまたはそれ以上のトーン、可変インピーダンス、およびデータ通信網を介して送信されたメッセージ、のうちいずれか1つに応じて前記オフフック状態を検出する検出手段を含む、請求項13に記載の器具。
- 前記器具のうち少なくとも一部が、電話アウトレット、前記電話セット、および電話回線モデム、のうちのいずれか1つの内部に収容されている請求項13に記載の器具。
- 前記電話回線源を前記電話セットに接続する接続手段をさらに備えた請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記電話回線源から前記ワイヤ対へ前記交流電話信号を通過させかつ前記直流電話信号を遮断するステップにおいて、前記ワイヤ対に対して、交流電話信号のみを実質的に通過させ、前記電話線源からの交流信号を遮断する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記シミュレータから前記オフフック通知を受けたことを表す交流および直流成分を含む信号を受信する装置であって、前記直流成分を通過させ、前記交流成分を実質的に遮断する装置をさらに備えた、請求項11に記載の器具。
- 前記オフフック通知を表す信号を前記第2のコネクタへ供給するカプラをさらに備えた、請求項14に記載の器具。
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2003
- 2003-01-30 IL IL15423403A patent/IL154234A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-01 US US10/403,526 patent/US7317793B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-25 AU AU2003303825A patent/AU2003303825A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-25 WO PCT/IL2003/000994 patent/WO2004068834A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-11-25 EP EP20030815571 patent/EP1590951A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-11-25 JP JP2004567490A patent/JP4515918B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US8107618B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
US8787562B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
US20060072741A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
US20060233354A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
AU2003303825A1 (en) | 2004-08-23 |
US7702095B2 (en) | 2010-04-20 |
IL154234A (en) | 2010-12-30 |
US20040151305A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
JP2006521710A (ja) | 2006-09-21 |
IL154234A0 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
WO2004068834A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
EP1590951A1 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
US20070127715A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
US7317793B2 (en) | 2008-01-08 |
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