JP4559363B2 - Gas turbine equipped with heavy oil reformer, control device for heavy oil reformer, and operation method of gas turbine equipped with heavy oil reformer - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a gas turbine that reforms heavy oil and uses it as fuel, and in particular, a gas turbine including a reformer that generates a reformed fuel by hydrothermal reaction of heavy oil and control of the reformer. The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for operating a gas turbine including a reformer.

  Since heavy oil contains a lot of heavy metals that corrode gas turbines, it is not suitable to use heavy oils themselves as fuel for gas turbines. For this reason, a method of converting into an energy source such as useful reformed fuel demetalized from heavy oil has been proposed. In any of these fuel conversion technologies, a heavy oil is brought into contact with water under a reforming reaction condition of 13 to 30 MPa and 400 to 480 ° C. in a state of high-temperature and high-pressure water. Oil is decomposed to produce metal compounds such as hydrocarbon gas, light oil, heavy oil, metal oxide, etc., and hydrocarbon gas and light oil are dissolved in high-temperature and high-pressure steam and taken out as reformed fuel. The metal compound present therein is captured and removed by calcium compound, coke, heavy residue (tar) or the like.

  In Patent Document 1, in order to increase the system efficiency of the plant by saving energy for generating high-temperature and high-pressure steam used for heavy oil reforming in the gas turbine equipped with the heavy oil reforming device, A gas turbine plant has been proposed in which an exhaust heat recovery boiler that recovers heat from combustion exhaust gas discharged from a gas turbine to generate steam is used and the generated steam is used to heat a heavy oil reformer. .

JP 2003-286865 A (page 5, FIG. 1)

A reformer for reforming heavy oil, and a reformer in a gas turbine plant configured to supply and burn the reformed fuel generated by the reformer as a fuel to burn the gas turbine device. A problem arises in cooperation between the operation of the gas turbine apparatus and the gas turbine apparatus.

  The heavy oil reformer is a kind of chemical plant, and when a certain temperature, pressure, and residence time are maintained, an operation result that satisfies the desired performance can be obtained. By the way, when the load of the reformer is changed, that is, when the amount of heavy oil processed is changed, the temperature and pressure conditions fluctuate, and the property of the reformed fuel to be generated changes, resulting in the gas turbine. There is a risk that a suitable fuel cannot be supplied. Therefore, like a general chemical plant, it is necessary to operate so that the load change rate of the reformer is suppressed to a slow change amount of 1% / min or less. On the other hand, a gas turbine apparatus using reformed fuel is characterized in that it can be operated with a rapid load change, and the load change speed is as fast as about 10% / min. For this reason, if the load of the reformer is changed in accordance with the rapid load change speed of the gas turbine device, the property of the reformed fuel greatly fluctuates, and the fuel suitable for the gas turbine cannot be stably supplied. In addition, if priority is given to the slow load change speed of the reformer, there is a problem that the load operation in which the gas turbine device can quickly change the load in accordance with the amount of power generation required at the power plant occurs.

  An object of the present invention is to enable a reformer and a gas turbine apparatus having different load change speeds to operate in a linked manner without restricting the load operation of the gas turbine apparatus. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gas turbine including an improved reformer, a control device for the gas turbine, and a method for operating the gas turbine.

  A gas turbine equipped with a reformer according to the present invention includes a reformer that generates reformed fuel from heavy oil by bringing the heavy oil into contact with high-temperature and high-pressure water to cause a reforming reaction, and the reformer. In the gas turbine including the heavy oil reformer including the gas turbine apparatus that uses the reformed fuel generated from the heavy oil by the gas turbine as fuel in the combustor of the gas turbine, the reformer generated in the reformer A reformed fuel tank for storing fuel is installed, and the reformed fuel is supplied from the reformed fuel tank to the combustor of the gas turbine device, and the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank is A reformed fuel control device for controlling the operation load of the reformer based on the storage amount is provided.

  The control device for a gas turbine equipped with the heavy oil reforming apparatus of the present invention brings heavy oil into contact with high-temperature and high-pressure water, reforms the heavy oil by using a hydrothermal reaction, and generates reformed fuel. A reformer generated by the reformer and a gas turbine device that uses the reformed fuel generated from heavy oil by the reformer as fuel in the combustor of the gas turbine. A reformed fuel tank for storing quality fuel is installed and the reformed fuel is supplied from the reformed fuel tank to the combustor of the gas turbine device, and the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank A reformed fuel control device is provided for controlling the operating load of the reformer based on the amount of storage.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to operate a reformer and a gas turbine apparatus having different load change speeds in cooperation with each other without restricting the load operation of the gas turbine apparatus, thereby improving the operational freedom of the plant. A gas turbine equipped with the reforming device can be realized.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  A gas turbine plant equipped with a heavy oil reforming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, a gas turbine 50 combusts a compressor 1 that compresses air 2 to produce compressed air 3, and compressed air 3 compressed by the compressor 1 and reformed fuel 24 supplied from a fuel system. A combustor 4, a turbine 5 that is rotationally driven by combustion gas generated by burning the reformed fuel 24 in the combustor 4, and a generator 6 that is driven by the rotational drive of the turbine 5 and generates electric power are provided. The compressor 1 is driven by the rotational drive of the turbine 5 to compress the air 2. The combustion gas generated by the combustion in the combustor 4 is driven to rotate the turbine 5 and then discharged from the turbine 5 as combustion exhaust gas 7 to the chimney 14 through the pipe 7a. By the way, the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas 7 is a high temperature of 550 ° C. or higher, and in order to recover heat from the combustion exhaust gas 7, an exhaust heat recovery boiler 8 is installed in the middle of the path of the pipe 7a. The exhaust heat recovery boiler 8 is driven by supplying a part of high-temperature and high-pressure steam at about 350 to 550 ° C. generated by heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas 7 at 550 ° C. or higher through the pipes 9a and 9b. Steam turbine 10, a generator 11 that is driven by the steam turbine 10 to obtain electric power, a condenser 12 that condenses steam discharged from the steam turbine 10 and having a reduced temperature to condensate, and a condenser A steam turbine device including a pump 13 that pressurizes condensate from 12 and supplies it to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 8 as feed water is installed in fluid communication.

  In the combined cycle composed of the gas turbine 50 and the steam turbine device described above, the exhaust heat recovery boiler 8 exchanges heat with the combustion exhaust gas 7 of the gas turbine to generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam 9, and this steam 9 is connected to the pipe 9a, The steam is supplied as driving steam through 9b and the steam turbine 10 is driven to rotate, and the generator 11 is driven to generate power. Further, in a gas turbine that reforms heavy oil by a reforming reaction in which the heavy oil is brought into contact with high-temperature high-pressure water to produce reformed fuel, and this reformed fuel is used as fuel for the gas turbine, the reforming reaction is performed. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam 22 used for heating is supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 8 by pressurizing the reaction water 19 with a pump 20 from the outside, and exchanges heat with the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas 7 of 550 ° C. or higher discharged from the gas turbine 50. In this way, the heat is recovered to generate steam 22 having a high temperature and a high pressure of about 350 to 550 ° C. The generated high-temperature and high-pressure steam 22 is supplied from the exhaust heat recovery boiler 8 to the reforming device 23 through the pipe 22a, whereby heat is recovered from the combustion exhaust gas 7 of the gas turbine to improve the efficiency of the gas turbine system. . Further, in order to heat the heavy oil 15 that is a raw material of the reformed fuel, which is a gas turbine fuel, a part of the steam 9 generated by heat recovery from the combustion exhaust gas 7 by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 8 is connected to the pipe 9a. The heavy oil 15 is supplied to the heavy oil preheater 18 through the pipe 15a, and heat is exchanged between the heavy oil 15 supplied through the pipe 15a and the heavy oil preheater 18 to heat the heavy oil 15. The heavy oil 15 heated by the heavy oil preheater 18 is then supplied to the reformer 23, and is supplied from the exhaust heat recovery boiler 8 through the pipe 22 a by the reformer 23. The reformed fuel 24 is mixed and contacted with the high-temperature and high-pressure steam 22 to cause a reforming reaction, and is reformed by lightening and demetalization. In order to cause the reforming reaction of the heavy oil in the reformer 23, the heavy oil is in a state of high temperature and high pressure water of 13 to 30 MPa, 400 to 480 ° C. water, and a residence time of 1 to 10 minutes. It is contacted to cause a reforming reaction. The reformed fuel 24 produced by reforming the heavy oil 15 by the reformer 23 is decompressed by the decompressor 25 and then supplied to the reformed fuel tank 26 through the pipe 24a and stored. The storage amount of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 is measured by a liquid level meter 31 installed in the reformed fuel tank 26.

  The reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 is supplied to the combustor 4 by a reformed fuel pump 27 installed in the pipe 37a in a necessary amount as a reformed fuel necessary for the operation of the gas turbine 50. Combustion is performed, and the gas turbine 50 is loaded with a desired load. Normally, the reformed fuel flow rate command value 29, which is a command value for the flow rate of fuel supplied to the gas turbine 50 (the amount of push out of the reformed fuel pump 27), is scheduled for the required load Lo on the gas turbine 50 planned by the power plant. Based on the fuel amount as a basic amount, the correction is made so as to correct the deviation between the output value 30 of the generator 6 and the required load Lo. In the gas turbine plant of this embodiment, the reformed fuel level value 32 measured by the level gauge 31 of the reformed fuel tank 26 is used as an input signal to the reformed fuel control device 35. The reformed fuel control device 35 is generated by the reformer 23 based on the storage amount of the reformed fuel 24 calculated from the reformed fuel liquid level value 32 of the reformed fuel tank measured by the liquid level gauge 31. The operation load command for the reformer 23 is output by calculating the amount of the reformed fuel 24.

  The reforming fuel control device 35 is selected by the logic operation unit 35a in which the operation mode of the reforming device 23 is selected and registered in advance based on the liquid level of the reforming fuel tank 26 and the logic operation unit 35a. The reformer operation command device 35b operated in accordance with the operation mode and the gas turbine operation command device 35c for commanding for emergency such as running out of fuel are provided. The heavy oil supply amount command value 33 output from the reformer operation command unit 35b according to the selected operation mode is a signal for controlling the operation of the heavy oil pump 16. Similarly, the reaction water supply command value 34 output from the reformer operation command device 35b according to the selected operation mode is a signal for controlling the operation of the reaction water pump 20. Similarly, the gas turbine operation command value 36 output from the gas turbine operation command device 35 c is a signal for controlling the operation command output from the gas turbine control device 40.

  When the liquid level of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 becomes a “high” value that is higher than a predetermined normal range, the logic calculator 35 a of the reformed fuel control device 35 A pre-registered operation mode is selected, and a command for switching the operation load of the reformer 23 to the low load mode is issued. Here, the value of the liquid level of the reformed fuel indicates a value exceeding the liquid level in the normal range as the storage amount of the reformed fuel tank 26. Further, when the operation load of the reformer 23 is in the low load mode, it means that the amount of reformed fuel produced by the reformer 23 is set to an amount smaller than the fuel consumption of a normal gas turbine. The production amount of the reformed fuel in this case is smaller than the required fuel amount of the rated load of the gas turbine 50, for example, about half of the amount is produced. Therefore, if the gas turbine 50 is operated at the rated load, the reformed fuel tank The liquid level of 26 will drop. When the operation of the gas turbine 50 is used with the load varied according to the required load L0, the average fuel usage is calculated from the actual operation load obtained by averaging the operation load of the gas turbine 50 over time, and the reformed fuel If the production amount is set to be smaller than the average fuel consumption, the liquid level in the reformed fuel tank 26 is lowered in the long term. At this time, of course, the minimum load at which the reformer 23 can operate, that is, the minimum amount of reformed fuel produced may be used.

  When the reforming device 23 is operated in the low load mode and the liquid level of the reforming fuel tank 26 is lowered, the storage amount of the reforming fuel 26 at a certain point is the lower limit of the normal range, that is, reforming. The liquid level of the fuel 24 reaches the liquid level “low”. From this point, since it is necessary to shift the level of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 upward, the operation of the reformer 23 is switched to the high load mode, and the amount of reformed fuel produced is reduced. increase. At this time, it is conceivable that the reformer 23 is operated with the rated load, that is, the production amount of the reformed fuel being maximized. If the apparatus is designed and controlled so that the amount of reformed fuel produced at the rated load of the reformer 23 is larger than the amount of fuel used by the gas turbine 50 at the rated load, the gas turbine 50 is rated. In the case of continuous operation, the liquid level of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 can be raised. Further, in the case of a power plant where the operation of the gas turbine 50 is mainly a partial load operation, the production amount of the reformed fuel at the rated load of the reformer 23 is equal to the required fuel amount of the rated load of the gas turbine 50, Or even if it is less than that, the production amount is larger than the average fuel consumption, and operation in which the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank 26 rises in the long term becomes possible.

  Further, in the liquid level monitoring of the fuel tank used in the normal gas turbine equipment, the fuel level is changed to the liquid level “high” and “level” in order to prevent the fuel from overflowing or fuel interruption from the fuel tank. Alarm devices are provided so as to issue alarms at low and low positions, respectively. Even in the case of the present embodiment, the same alarm is used for monitoring the liquid level of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26. That is, when the liquid level of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 is the liquid level “high and high”, storing the reformed fuel 26 any more will cause the overflow of fuel from the reformed fuel tank 26. Since this occurs, the supply of the reformed fuel 26, that is, the operation of the reformer 23 is stopped. If the operation of the reforming device 23 stops, the reformed fuel 26 newly supplied to the reformed fuel tank 26 stops, so that the liquid level of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 gradually increases. The value falls and eventually falls below the warning value for the liquid level “high / high”. In this case, it is necessary to restart the reformer 23 later, but in this embodiment, when the liquid level in the reformed fuel tank 26 reaches the liquid level “low”, the operation of the reformer 23 is restarted. It was set as the form to start. At this time, since the mode setting control described above also works simultaneously, the reformer 23 is operated in the high load mode after startup, and the reformed fuel 26 is supplied from the reformer 23 to the reformed fuel tank 26. Therefore, the liquid level in the reformed fuel tank 26 starts to rise.

  As described above, the operation load of the reformer 23 is switched between high load and low load according to the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank 26, and the operation of the reformer 23 is stopped and restarted as necessary. By doing so, it is possible to perform control in which the load operation of the reformer 23 having a different time constant of the control system and the load operation of the gas turbine 50 are linked.

  FIG. 2 shows the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 in the gas turbine plant equipped with the heavy oil reformer utilizing the hydrothermal reaction according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. The specific example of the operation control apparatus 35 which switches the operation mode of the load operation of the reformer 23 based on 24 liquid levels was shown. Specifically, based on the calculation of the operation control device 35 in FIG. 1, the flow rate of the heavy oil 15 supplied by the operation of the heavy oil pump 16 through the pipe 15a (the amount of extrusion of the heavy oil pump 16) is heavy. The oil supply amount command value 33 is calculated and given, and the flow rate of the heavy oil 15 is gradually increased or decreased at a change rate at which the reformer 23 can stably produce the reformed fuel. Similarly, based on the calculation of the operation control device 35, it is supplied by the operation of the reaction water pump 20 through the pipe 19a so that the high-temperature high-pressure steam 22 necessary for reforming the heavy oil 15 can be supplied through the pipe 22a. The reaction water supply amount command value 34 which is a command value of the supply amount of the reaction water 19 (the amount of extrusion of the reaction water pump 20) is calculated and given, and the change rate at which the reformer 23 can stably produce the reformed fuel Then gradually increase or decrease the flow rate of the reaction water 19.

  In the monitoring of the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank 26, the range of the liquid level of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 in which the gas turbine 50 can continue the normal rated operation for a desired number of days is expressed as the liquid level. Is defined as the “normal range”, that is, the liquid level range that is always used in the operation of the tank. Then, the liquid level where the liquid level exceeds the upper limit of the “normal range” is defined as the liquid level “high”, and the liquid level where the liquid level falls below the lower limit of the “normal range” is defined as the liquid level “ Defined as low.

  Further, as an alarm value for preventing overflow of the reformed fuel from the reformed fuel tank 26, the liquid level “high / high” is set at a higher liquid level position exceeding the liquid level “high”. On the other hand, as a warning value for preventing the reformed fuel tank 26 from becoming empty and the supply of the reformed fuel to the gas turbine 50 from being interrupted, the liquid level “low / low” has fallen below the liquid level “low”. Further, the liquid level is set at a lower level. The liquid levels “high / high” and “low / low” are also set as alarm values in the fuel tank of a normal gas turbine. The set value of the liquid level “high / high” usually has an upper space of about 5% with respect to the total capacity of the fuel tank, and takes into account the expansion of the oil volume due to temperature change, and is 10% to 20%. Often tolerated. Further, the set value of the liquid level “low / low” is determined in consideration of the required amount of fuel during the time when the gas turbine can be safely stopped from the alarm transmission. If the required time for stopping the gas turbine is 3 hours and the fuel tank capacity is for one week of continuous operation of the gas turbine, it is necessary to set the liquid level “low” at the fuel level corresponding to 2% of the total storage amount. is there. In practice, it is common to have a margin of 5-10%.

  In the present embodiment, the liquid level of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 is (2) the liquid level “high” has a margin of 5 to 10% with respect to the liquid level “high / high”. Set to have. Further, (4) the liquid level “low” is set to have a margin of 5 to 10% with respect to the liquid level “low and low”. (3) The liquid level “normal range” indicates that the amount of fuel stored between (2) the liquid level “high” and (4) the liquid level “low” is Without being set, the amount of fuel used is set so that the gas turbine 50 can be operated at a rated load for an arbitrary fixed period, for example, several days. In addition, regarding the liquid level of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26, even if the reformer 23 causes trouble and the reformed fuel cannot be supplied, a period required for restoration of the equipment, for example, one week During this time, there is a method of storing the gas turbine by determining the amount of fuel that can be operated at the rated load. In addition, when the reformer 23 cannot supply the reformed fuel 24 to the reformed fuel tank 26 and the liquid level reaches “low”, a normal gas turbine fuel oil is separately supplied or the gas turbine 50 is combusted. A method may be considered in which the operation of the gas turbine 50 is continued by supplying it to the vessel 4. In this case, as the liquid level of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26, the fuel storage amount from the liquid level “low” to the liquid level “low low” procures, transports, and refuels gas turbine fuel oil. It may be determined as a required fuel amount for a period required for the operation, for example, 2 to 3 days.

  Next, the load operation of the reforming device 23 is performed in advance based on the liquid level L0 of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 described above with reference to FIG. The relationship with the reformed fuel control device 35 provided with the logical operation unit 35a selected and registered for each operation mode will be described. In FIG. 3, in the logical operation unit 35 a provided in the reformed fuel control device 35, the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank 26 which is the reformed fuel liquid level value 32 detected by the reformed fuel tank liquid level meter 31. L0 is (1) liquid level “high high”, (2) liquid level “high”, (3) liquid level “normal range”, (4) liquid level “low”, (5) liquid level “low low” In response to the liquid level of the five cases indicating "", the operation mode in which the load operation of the reformer 23 should be selected from among a plurality of operation modes as the operation command of the operation to be instructed to the reformer 23 is logically calculated. For example, a logical table is registered in the device 35a in advance. Note that arithmetic logic may be incorporated instead of this logical table.

  The relationship between the function of the logical operation unit 35a provided in the reformed fuel control device 35 and the operation mode selected as the load operation of the reformer 23 will be described in detail. In the case where the reformed fuel tank liquid level L0 indicating the liquid level of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 indicates (3) the liquid level “normal range”, the logical operation unit 35a As the operation command, the operation mode of the reformer 23 is selected as a high load mode that is a rated load, and reforming is performed from the logical operation unit 35a via the reformer operation command unit 35b according to the selected high load mode. A load operation is performed in which the device 23 is operated at a high load. The liquid level range of the reformed fuel tank indicated by the above-mentioned liquid level “normal range” is a liquid level range that is always used for operation as a fuel tank of a gas turbine, and the gas turbine 50 is modified with a rated load. This is the amount of reformed fuel that can be operated for an arbitrary period of time, for example, several days, without the production of reformed fuel in the quality device 23.

  Next, in the case where the liquid level rises and the reformed fuel tank liquid level L0 indicates (2) the liquid level “high”, the operation mode of the reforming device 23 is low as an operation command in the logical operation unit 35a. The load calculation mode is selected from the logic unit 35a so as to suppress the supply amount of the reformed fuel 24 supplied from the reformer 23 to the reformed fuel tank 26 in accordance with the selected low load mode. A load operation is performed in which the reformer 23 is operated at a low load via the device operation command unit 35b.

  Next, in the case where the liquid level decreases and the reformed fuel tank liquid level L0 indicates (4) the liquid level “low”, the operation mode of the reforming device 23 is high as an operation command in the logical operation unit 35a. The load mode is selected, and the supply amount of the reformed fuel 24 supplied from the reformer 23 to the reformed fuel tank 26 is increased to the rated load according to the selected high load mode so as to increase the supply amount. Then, a load operation is performed in which the reformer 23 is operated at a high load from the logical operation unit 35a via the reformer operation command unit 35b. Further, as in the case described below, when the reformed fuel tank liquid level L0 reaches (1) the liquid level “high and high” and the operation of the reformer 23 is stopped, the gas turbine 50 is In the case where the reformed fuel tank liquid level L0 is lowered by continuing the load operation of (4) and the liquid level indicates "low", the restart mode is set as the operation mode of the reformer 23 that has stopped the operation. The reforming device 23 is changed from the logical operation unit 35a via the reforming device operation command unit 35b so that the reforming device 23 is started to a high load in accordance with the selected high load mode. It is necessary to restart operation. Otherwise, since there is no supply of the reformed fuel 24 from the reformer 23, the reformed fuel tank liquid level L0 further decreases and (5) the liquid level becomes “low”, and the gas turbine 50 is stopped urgently. This is because the situation becomes unavoidable.

  Next, in the case where the liquid level rises significantly and the reformed fuel tank liquid level L0 exceeds the liquid level “high”, (1) the liquid level “high high” is reached, the logical operation unit The operation mode of the reformer 23 is selected to be stopped as an operation command at 35a, and the operation of the reformer 23 is performed from the logical operation unit 35a via the reformer operation command unit 35b according to the selected stop mode. Stop. Then, the supply of the reformed fuel 24 supplied to the reformed fuel tank 26 is stopped to prevent the reformed fuel 24 from overflowing from the reformed fuel tank 26.

  By the way, the load operation of the gas turbine 50 is independently operated based on the required load of the power plant independently of the various load operations of the reformer 23 based on the reformed fuel tank liquid level L0. .

  Next, in the case where the liquid level is greatly lowered and the reformed fuel tank liquid level L0 is further decreased, the liquid level “low” and (5) the liquid level “low and low” is indicated. The operation mode of the reformer 23 is selected as an operation command in the unit 35a, and the high load mode is selected as the operation mode, and reforming is performed from the logic unit 35a via the reformer operation command unit 35b in accordance with the selected high load mode. The reformer 23 is operated at a high load with the supply amount of the reformed fuel 24 supplied from the device 23 to the reformed fuel tank 26 as a rated load. In this case, since the gas turbine 50 is in an emergency state of running out of fuel depending on the situation, a command to stop the operation of the gas turbine 50 is separately sent from the logic unit 35a via the gas turbine operation command unit 35c for safety. Then, a gas turbine operation command value 36 is outputted to the gas turbine control device 40, and a reformed fuel flow rate command value 29 for shutting off the fuel supply in order to stop the operation of the gas turbine 50 from the gas turbine control device 40. Control to stop operation by outputting.

  Then, based on the reformed fuel tank liquid level L0, the reformer operation command unit 35b is operated by an operation command based on the selection of the operation mode of the reformer 23 by the logical operation unit 35a described above. The operation command device 35c is also operated. That is, the operation of the heavy oil pump 16 is controlled by the heavy oil supply command value 33 output from the reformer operation command unit 35b according to the operation mode of the reformer 23 selected by the logic unit 35a. Similarly, by controlling the operation of the reaction water pump 20 with the reaction water supply amount command value 34 output from the reformer operation command unit 35b, the load operation of the reformer 23 is performed. In addition, when the fuel level is low and the fuel level is in an emergency state, the gas turbine operation command value 36 output to the gas turbine control device 40 via the gas turbine operation command device 35 c is used to operate the gas turbine 50. The operation of the gas turbine 50 is stopped by an emergency command output from the gas turbine control device 40.

  As described above, the reforming fuel control device 35 is configured to select the operation mode of the reforming device 23 based on the liquid level of the reforming fuel tank 26, so that in the control system of this embodiment, The reformed fuel liquid level L0 of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26 detected by the liquid level gauge 31 rises beyond (3) the liquid level “normal range” (2) liquid When the position “high” is reached, the load operation of the reformer 23 is switched from the high load mode to the low load mode according to the operation mode selected by the logic unit 35 a of the reformed fuel control device 35. . At this time, the production amount of the reformed fuel 24 in the reformer 23 is smaller than the fuel amount necessary for operating the rated load of the gas turbine 50, for example, half the amount of the reformed fuel 24 is produced. Also good. Accordingly, if the gas turbine 50 that is independently operated under load continues the rated load operation, the liquid level in the reformed fuel tank 26 gradually decreases. Further, if the gas turbine 50 performs an operation that varies the operation load independently, the average fuel usage is calculated from the actual operation load obtained by averaging the operation load of the gas turbine 50 over time. If the production amount is set to be smaller than this, the liquid level in the reformed fuel tank 26 is lowered in the long term. In this case, the operation load of the reformer 23 may be operated as the production amount of the reformed fuel 24 having the lowest load that can be operated.

  When the reformed fuel liquid level L0 of the reformed fuel tank 26 falls below the liquid level “normal range” of (3) and reaches (4) the liquid level “low”, the logical operation unit 35a of the reformed fuel control device 35 The high-load mode is selected for the load operation of the reformer 23 selected in step (b). The specific contents of the load operation of the reformer 23 are as follows. In FIG. 1, the heavy oil supply amount command value 33 which is the command value of the flow rate of the heavy oil 15 (the push amount of the heavy oil pump 16) is stabilized. The command value of the supply amount of the reaction water 19 (the push amount of the reaction water pump 20) is increased so that the high-temperature and high-pressure steam 22 necessary for reforming the heavy oil 15 can be supplied by increasing at a change rate capable of producing fuel. Set. As shown in the first embodiment, at this time, it is conceivable that the reformer 23 is operated with the rated load, that is, the production amount of the reformed fuel 24 being maximized. If the reforming device 23 is designed so that the amount of reformed fuel 24 produced when the reforming device 23 is operated at the rated load is larger than the amount of fuel used by the gas turbine 50 at the rated load operation, Even when the gas turbine 50 is continuously operated at the rated value, the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank 26 can be increased. Further, in the case of a power plant where the operation of the gas turbine 50 is mainly a partial load operation, the production amount of the reformed fuel 24 at the rated load of the reformer 23 is equal to the required fuel amount of the rated load of the gas turbine 50. Or, even if it is less than that, the amount of reformed fuel produced is larger than the average amount of fuel used, and operation in which the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank 26 rises over the long term becomes possible.

  The reformed fuel liquid level L0 in the reformed fuel tank 26 significantly increased and exceeded the liquid level “high” in (4), and (5) the liquid level “high”, that is, reached the upper limit of the storage amount. In this case, the operation mode of the reforming device 23 selected by the logical operation unit 35a of the reformed fuel control device 35 is selected to be stopped, and in order to prevent the reformed fuel 24 from overflowing from the reformed fuel tank 26. The operation of the reformer 23 is stopped.

  Further, in this embodiment, when the reformed fuel liquid level L0 of the reformed fuel tank 26 is lowered to (4) the liquid level “low” and the operation of the reformer 23 is stopped. The restart mode is selected as the operation mode of the reforming device 23 selected by the logical operation unit 35a of the reforming fuel control device 35, and the operation of the reforming device 23 is restarted to increase the rated load to a high load. As a timing for restarting the reformer 23, the operation is restarted at a predetermined liquid level before the liquid level reaches the “low” level, for example, 10% below the liquid level “normal range”. You may set as follows.

  Further, when the reformed fuel liquid level L0 of the reformed fuel tank 26 is significantly lower than (4) the liquid level “low” and (5) the liquid level “low / low” is reached, the gas turbine 50 causes the fuel to flow. Since it is just before the cut, the operation of the gas turbine 50 is stopped to prevent an emergency shutoff due to the fuel interruption, as in the case of the fuel supply control of the fuel tank for a normal gas turbine.

  FIG. 4 shows a gas turbine equipped with the heavy oil reforming apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. Of the gas turbine corresponding to each of the operation steps (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6) when operated according to the operation mode selected by the reformed fuel control device 35 shown in FIG. The operational load (upper diagram), the operational load mode of the reformer (middle diagram), and the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank (lower diagram) are shown as trends with respect to the lapse of the operation time of the gas turbine.

  In FIG. 4, first, in the operation step (1), the gas turbine 50 is initially operated in a high load mode, which is a rated load, and the reformer 23 is a rated load. In addition, when the load operation of the reformer 23 is in the high load mode, the production amount of the reformed fuel 24 exceeds the required fuel amount at the rated load of the gas turbine 50, and the reformation indicated by the dotted line at the beginning of this trend graph. The fuel tank level is rising over time.

  Next, in the operation step (2), when the load of the gas turbine 50 is lowered as required due to a demand such as an electric power demand, the amount of the reformed fuel 24 used is reduced, so that the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank rises. Eventually, the liquid level reaches “high”. When the liquid level reaches “high”, the operation mode of the reformer 23 starts to decrease the load from the high load mode, and shifts to the low load mode while decreasing the production amount of the reformed fuel 24. The speed of the load change of the reformer 23 is as low as 1/10 of the load change speed of the gas turbine 50. The difference in fuel supply and demand during this period is the storage of the reformed fuel 24 stored in the reformed fuel tank 26. Absorbs by changing the amount.

  Next, in the operation step (3), as the reformer 23 decreases in load, the production amount of the reformed fuel 24 falls below the amount of fuel used in the gas turbine 50. Begin.

  Next, in the operation step (4), a case where the load operation of the gas turbine 50 is further reduced to a low load is shown. Even when the low load mode is selected for the load operation of the reformer 23, the production amount of the reformed fuel 24 becomes excessive, so the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank starts to rise, and the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank is It reaches the upper limit of “high” and “high”. When the liquid level reaches “high / high”, in order to prevent the reformed fuel 24 from overflowing from the reformed fuel tank 26, the load operation of the reformer 23 is selected to stop, and the operation is stopped. Production and supply stops. During this time, since the gas turbine 50 continues to operate independently, the liquid level in the reformed fuel tank starts to decrease.

  Next, in the operation step (5), thereafter, an operation is performed in which the load of the gas turbine 50 is increased from a low load to a rated high load. As a result, the amount of fuel used in the gas turbine 50 increases, so that the liquid fuel level in the reformed fuel tank decreases at a higher rate, and eventually the liquid level in the reformed fuel tank reaches the liquid level “low”. When the liquid level falls to “low”, the operation of the reformer 23 is selected as the restart mode, the reformer 23 is restarted, and the load increases toward the high load mode. Since the load increasing speed of the reformer 23 is low, the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank continues to decrease for a certain time after the reformer 23 is started.

  Next, in the operation step (6), when the load of the gas turbine 50 returns to the rated load, the production amount of reformed fuel increases as the load of the reformer 23 increases, and the fuel usage amount of the gas turbine 50 eventually. Therefore, the liquid level of the reformed fuel tank gradually rises and returns to the liquid level in the normal range not shown in FIG.

  As described above, according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, the operation load of the reformer is determined by the liquid level or the storage amount of the reformed fuel tank, and the load change rate is stably improved by the reformer. It will be able to produce high quality fuel. On the other hand, the gas turbine can change the load freely at a fast load change speed using the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank. This makes it possible to operate the reformer and the gas turbine with different load change speeds in cooperation.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the gas turbine can always freely change the load according to the required amount of power generation, and the reformer can perform an operation that allows the load to be switched at a load change rate that can produce a stable reformed fuel. . Since the difference in supply and demand of reformed fuel due to the difference in load change speed between the gas turbine and reformer can be absorbed by changing the amount of reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank, the load operation of the gas turbine can be reduced. It becomes possible to change independently without being constrained by the state of load operation of the reformer, and the degree of freedom of operation of the gas turbine provided with the reformer can be improved. In addition, the gas turbine can always freely change the load according to the required amount of power generation, and the reformer can switch the load at a load change rate that can produce a stable reformed fuel. The operational freedom of the turbine can be improved.

The present invention can be applied to a gas turbine equipped with a heavy oil reformer that generates reformed fuel from heavy oil.

The plant system figure which shows the structure of the gas turbine provided with the heavy oil reforming apparatus which is one Example of this invention. FIG. 1 shows a relationship between a reformed fuel tank liquid level and a reformer operation mode by a reformed fuel control device installed in a gas turbine plant equipped with a heavy oil reformer according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. The control system figure which shows the detail of the reformed fuel control apparatus installed in the gas turbine plant provided with the heavy oil reformer which is one Example of this invention shown in FIG. The time chart figure which shows the trend of the operating condition of the gas turbine plant provided with the heavy oil reformer which is one Example of this invention shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1: compressor, 2: air, 3: compressed air, 4: combustor, 5: turbine, 6: generator, 7: gas turbine exhaust gas, 7a: piping, 8: exhaust heat recovery boiler, 9: steam, 9a : Piping, 9b: piping, 10: steam turbine, 11: generator, 13: feed pump, 14: chimney, 15: heavy oil, 15a: piping, 16: heavy oil pump, 18: heavy oil preheater 18a: piping, 19: reaction water, 19a: piping, 20: reaction water pump, 22: high temperature and high pressure steam, 22a: piping, 23: reforming device, 24: reformed fuel, 24a: piping, 25: decompression device , 26: reformed fuel tank, 27: reformed fuel pump, 28: reformed fuel flow meter, 29: reformed fuel flow command value, 30: power generation output value, 31: reformed fuel tank level meter, 32: Reformed fuel liquid level value, 33: Heavy oil supply command value, 34: Reacted water supply command value, 35: Reform Charge control device, 35a: logical operation unit, 35b: reformer operation command device, 35c: gas turbine operation command device, 36: gas turbine operation command value, 37a: piping, 40: gas turbine control device, 50: gas turbine .

Claims (15)

A reformer that generates reformed fuel from heavy oil by contacting the heavy oil with high-temperature and high-pressure water to cause a reforming reaction, and the reformed fuel generated from the heavy oil by the reformer is converted into a gas turbine. In a gas turbine having a heavy oil reformer equipped with a gas turbine device used as fuel in a combustor of the engine, a reformed fuel tank for storing the reformed fuel generated by the reformer is installed and the The reformed fuel tank is configured to supply reformed fuel to the combustor of the gas turbine apparatus, and the operating load of the reformer is reduced based on the amount of reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank. A gas turbine provided with a heavy oil reforming device, wherein a reformed fuel control device for controlling is provided. The gas turbine comprising the heavy oil reformer according to claim 1, wherein the gas turbine apparatus includes a gas turbine controller that controls operation of the gas turbine based on a load required for the gas turbine apparatus. A gas turbine provided with a heavy oil reforming device, wherein the flow rate of reformed fuel supplied from the reformed fuel tank to a combustor of the gas turbine device is adjusted by an operation command. The gas turbine comprising the heavy oil reformer according to claim 1, wherein the reformed fuel control device is configured to control the reformer based on a storage amount of the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank. A gas turbine provided with a heavy oil reforming device, configured to control an operation load, and adjusting a storage amount of the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank to a desired range. A gas turbine equipped with the heavy oil reformer according to claim 1, wherein a waste heat recovery boiler is installed in the middle of a combustion exhaust gas system for discharging combustion exhaust gas from the gas turbine device, and the waste heat recovery boiler A heavy oil reformer comprising a first piping system for supplying high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas as high-temperature and high-pressure water used in the reformer. Gas turbine equipped with. 5. A gas turbine comprising the heavy oil reformer according to claim 4, wherein a heavy oil that overheats the heavy oil supplied to the reformer in the middle of a heavy oil piping system supplied to the reformer. A heavy oil preheater is installed, and a second piping system for supplying a portion of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated in the waste heat recovery boiler to the heavy oil preheater as a heating source for the heavy oil preheater is arranged. A gas turbine provided with a heavy oil reforming device. 5. A gas turbine comprising the heavy oil reformer according to claim 4, wherein a heavy oil that overheats the heavy oil supplied to the reformer in the middle of a heavy oil piping system supplied to the reformer. A steam turbine apparatus that is installed using a high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated in the waste heat recovery boiler that is installed as a heating source of the heavy oil preheater, A gas turbine provided with a heavy oil reforming device, wherein a third piping system for supplying a part of high-temperature and high-pressure steam to the turbine device is disposed. A reformer that contacts heavy oil with high-temperature and high-pressure water and reforms the heavy oil using a hydrothermal reaction to produce reformed fuel, and a reformer that is generated from the heavy oil by the reformer. Comprising a reformed fuel tank for storing the reformed fuel produced by the reformer, wherein the reformed fuel tank is provided with a gas turbine device that uses the quality fuel as fuel in the combustor of the gas turbine. A reformed fuel configured to supply reformed fuel to a combustor of the gas turbine device, and controlling an operation load of the reformer based on a storage amount of the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank. A control device for a gas turbine provided with a heavy oil reforming device, comprising a control device. In the control apparatus of the gas turbine provided with the heavy oil reforming apparatus according to claim 7,
The reformed fuel tank is provided with a detector for detecting the storage amount of the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank, and the reformed fuel control device is previously stored in the reformed fuel tank. An arithmetic unit is provided that has a control logic that outputs an operation command to the operation command for the reformer that is selected according to the storage amount of the reformed fuel, and for the reformed fuel detected by the detector. The heavy oil reformer is configured to control the load operation of the reformer according to the operation command for the reformer selected from the control logic provided in the arithmetic unit based on the storage amount. Gas turbine control device equipped with a quality device. 9. A control device for a gas turbine comprising the heavy oil reforming device according to claim 8, wherein an operation command issued from the reformed fuel control device is for generating reformed fuel in the reformer. A control device for a gas turbine provided with a heavy oil reformer, wherein the supply amount of heavy oil to be supplied and the supply amount of high-temperature and high-pressure water are respectively controlled. The reformer reacts heavy oil with high-temperature and high-pressure water to produce reformed fuel from the heavy oil, and supplies the reformed fuel generated by the reformer to the reformed fuel tank for storage. A heavy oil reformer that supplies the reformed fuel stored from the reformed fuel tank as a fuel to the combustor of the gas turbine apparatus and operates the gas turbine apparatus independently of the operation of the reformer. The load operation of the reformer is selected from operation modes set in a plurality of stages based on the storage amount of the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank. An operation method of a gas turbine provided with a heavy oil reformer, wherein the operation of the reformer is controlled by a load operation corresponding to the selected operation mode. The operation method of the gas turbine provided with the heavy oil reforming device according to claim 10, wherein the load operation of the reforming device is a heavy material supplied to the reforming device in accordance with a selected operation mode. An operation method of a gas turbine provided with a heavy oil reforming device, wherein the supply amounts of oil and water are respectively controlled. The operation method of the gas turbine provided with the heavy oil reformer according to claim 11, wherein the load operation of the reformer is such that a storage amount of the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank is within a normal range. A heavy oil reformer that controls the amount of heavy oil and water supplied to the reformer corresponding to the operation mode selected to maintain the liquid level. Of operating a gas turbine comprising: In the operation method of the gas turbine provided with the heavy oil reformer according to claim 12, when the storage amount of the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank rises to a liquid level exceeding the normal range. A method for operating a gas turbine comprising a heavy oil reformer, wherein the operation load of the reformer is selected as a low load operation mode to control the operation of the reformer. In the operation method of the gas turbine provided with the heavy oil reformer according to claim 12, when the amount of the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank is lowered to a liquid level lower than the normal range. A method for operating a gas turbine comprising a heavy oil reformer, wherein the operation load of the reformer is selected as a high-load operation mode to control the operation of the reformer. In the gas turbine equipped with the heavy oil reformer according to claim 12, when the amount of reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank exceeds an ordinary range and becomes an abnormally high liquid level. The operation load of the reformer is selected as a stop operation mode to stop the operation of the reformer, and thereafter the storage amount of the reformed fuel stored in the reformed fuel tank is reduced to reduce the normal range. A method for operating a gas turbine having a heavy oil reformer, wherein the reformer is operated by selecting an operation mode in which the reformer is restarted when the liquid level drops below the level. .

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