JP4556274B2 - Laminated foam glass containing impurities - Google Patents
Laminated foam glass containing impurities Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4556274B2 JP4556274B2 JP2000084574A JP2000084574A JP4556274B2 JP 4556274 B2 JP4556274 B2 JP 4556274B2 JP 2000084574 A JP2000084574 A JP 2000084574A JP 2000084574 A JP2000084574 A JP 2000084574A JP 4556274 B2 JP4556274 B2 JP 4556274B2
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- glass
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- foam glass
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- 239000011494 foam glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sb+3].[Sb+3] GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical group O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建築物や自動車の解体時等に発生する多夾雑物含有廃ガラスを原料として製造された、建築用或いは各種産業用の化粧断熱材等として有用な積層泡ガラスに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
泡ガラスは、その多孔質により、断熱性、吸音性等を有することから、住宅の内、外装材や壁材等としての用途がある。
【0003】
従来の泡ガラスの中には、表層の緻密層と下層の多孔質層とで構成された積層構造のものがあり、例えば、次のようなものが提案されている。
▲1▼ 特公平4−66821号公報
気孔率1〜30体積%の緻密質泡ガラスで島状模様を有する表層と、気孔率70〜95体積%の多孔質泡ガラスの下層との積層泡ガラス。
▲2▼ 特公平6−99160号公報
緻密ガラス層の表層と、比重0.8〜1.8の発泡ガラス層の中間層と、比重0.8未満の発泡ガラス層の下層との積層泡ガラス。
【0004】
ところで、ガラス製造工場、ガラス加工工場の不良品や残留物、その他、住宅やビルなどの建築物や廃棄自動車の解体工場などから発生する分別、分類の困難な廃ガラス(クズガラス)の中には、ガラス以外に、塩化ビニル、ポリエチレンなどの樹脂類や、アルミニウム、鉄、銅、銀などの金属類、更には、木片、土砂など多岐にわたる夾雑物が混入している。これらの夾雑物の多くは展延性を有するため、ガラスと共に粉砕しても粉体にはならず、大小の夾雑物としてガラス粉中に混入したものとなる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の泡ガラスは、原料ガラス(カレット)の種類や純度に制限があり、不純物を多く含むカレットを原料として用いることは困難である。即ち、従来の泡ガラスは、層毎に均一な気泡を形成する必要があるため、発泡状態の異なるものや発泡せずに異物による空隙を形成するものなどが混入したカレットを用いることはできない。
【0006】
一方で、近年、資源の有効利用、廃棄物の減量化の面から、前述の様々な夾雑物を含有する廃ガラスについても有効再利用することが強く望まれているが、前述の如く、廃ガラス中の夾雑物は分別が非常に困難であり、ガラスだけを取り出すためには多大な分別コストがかかる。また、夾雑物は容易に粉砕することができず、大小の夾雑物としてガラス粉中に残留する。このため、従来においては、このような夾雑物を含む廃ガラスを有効再利用する方法が確立されていないのが現状である。
【0007】
本発明は上記従来の実状に鑑みてなされたものであって、建築物や自動車の解体時等に発生する夾雑物を多く含む廃ガラスを有効利用して、建築用或いは各種産業用の化粧断熱材等として有用な積層泡ガラスを提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の夾雑物含有積層泡ガラスは、夾雑物を含有する廃ガラスを破砕ないし粉砕して得られる微小夾雑物含有ガラス粉を主原料とする緻密ガラス層又は泡ガラス層よりなる下層と、夾雑物を含有する廃ガラスを破砕ないし粉砕して得られる大夾雑物含有ガラス粉及び小夾雑物含有ガラス粉を主原料とする泡ガラス層よりなる中間層と、夾雑物を含有する廃ガラスを破砕ないし粉砕して得られる微小夾雑物含有ガラス粉を主原料とする緻密ガラス層よりなる表層との積層構造とされたことを特徴とする。
【0009】
この積層泡ガラスは、夾雑物を含有する廃ガラスを分別することなく、そのまま破砕ないし粉砕して製造されるため、分別コストを要することなく、廃ガラスの有効再利用を図ることができ、廃棄物を減量化することができる。
【0010】
また、中間層は泡ガラス層であるため、軽量で断熱性、吸音性等に優れる。
【0011】
しかも、表層は、微細な夾雑物を少量含む緻密ガラス層であるため、化粧材としての用途にも適用可能であり、また、表面の耐水性、耐汚染性にも優れ、建材としての用途の拡大にも有効である。
【0012】
しかも、本発明の積層泡ガラスは、それ自体が廃材とされた場合、再度必要に応じて発泡剤を混合すると共に、破砕ないし粉砕して積層泡ガラスの原料として再利用することができ、資源の有効利用、廃棄物の減量化に有効である。
【0013】
本発明において、下層が緻密ガラス層である場合には、防水性が向上し、耐凍害性が上がり、また、竹構造となって強度アップにつながるという効果が奏され、泡ガラス層である場合には、さらに断熱性が向上するという効果が奏される。
【0014】
本発明においては、側面にも夾雑物を含有する廃ガラスを破砕ないし粉砕して得られる微小夾雑物含有ガラス粉を主原料とする緻密ガラス層よりなる被覆層を設けるのが好ましく、この場合には、表面からだけでなく、側面からの吸水も防止して、凍結融解による破壊の問題のない、耐凍害性に優れた建材を提供することができる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。
【0016】
図1(a),(b)は本発明の夾雑物含有積層泡ガラスの実施の形態を示す模式的な断面図である。
【0017】
図1(a)の夾雑物含有積層泡ガラス1は、下層2、中間層3及び表層4の三層積層構造であり、更に側周面に被覆層5が設けられたものである。
【0018】
下層2は微細な夾雑物を少量含む緻密ガラス層又は泡ガラス層である。また、中間層3は比較的大きな夾雑物(大夾雑物)6と、比較的小さな夾雑物(小夾雑物)7とが混在した泡ガラス層よりなり、表層4及び側面の被覆層5は微細な夾雑物を少量含む緻密ガラス層よりなる。
【0019】
このような夾雑物含有泡ガラス1は、例えば後述の実施例1,2の方法に従って各種の廃ガラスを破砕機で破砕して分級し、所定の大きさの夾雑物を含有する粉砕物を得、これに必要に応じて発泡剤やその他の成分を混合することにより、各層の成型用原料を得、これを順次型枠に散布して成型し、得られた成型体を焼成することにより製造することができる。
【0020】
この場合、表層、下層、側面被覆層の緻密ガラス層用原料には、焼成収縮防止剤を0.1〜0.5重量%程度混合することが、これらの緻密ガラス層を中間層の泡ガラス層の焼成時の膨張に追従させる上で好ましい。また、この目的でこの緻密ガラス層用原料に泡ガラス層を形成し得ない程度の発泡剤、即ち、1重量%未満の発泡剤を混合しても良い。この場合には、製造時の焼成工程の昇温速度を高めても焼結体に割れ等が発生するのを防止することができる。
【0021】
更に、表層や側面被覆層の緻密ガラス層用原料には、顔料を配合して着色を付与し、得られる積層泡ガラスの意匠性を高めることができる。
【0022】
図1(a)に示す夾雑物含有積層泡ガラス1において、下層2や表層4及び側面被覆層5が夾雑物を含む場合、この夾雑物の大きさ(粒径)は400μm以下で、その含有量は5重量%以下で、ガラス含有量が95重量%以上であることが、得られる積層泡ガラスの意匠性、平滑性及び強度等の面から好ましい。また、下層2が泡ガラス層である場合、泡(気泡)の径は0.1〜5mm程度であり、泡の量は85〜95体積%であることが断熱性の面から好ましい。下層2が泡ガラス層である場合には、下層成型用原料にこのような泡が形成されるように発泡剤を混合すれば良い。
【0023】
また、中間層3に含有される夾雑物は大きさ(粒径)1〜30mm程度であることが好ましく、この中間層3の夾雑物含有量は5〜20重量%でガラス含有量が80〜95重量%、泡(気泡)の径は0.1〜5mm程度で泡の量は85〜95体積%であることが断熱性保持や表面の平滑性に対する影響の面から好ましい。
【0024】
図1(a)の夾雑物含有積層泡ガラス1において、下層の厚みは1〜5mm、表層の厚みは0.1〜10mm特に0.5〜6mmであることが好ましい。また、側面に被覆層を設ける場合、その厚みは0.1〜5mmであることが好ましい。
【0025】
図1(a)に示す積層泡ガラス1は、本発明の実施の形態の一例であって、何ら本発明を制限するものではない。
【0026】
例えば、本発明の積層泡ガラスは、3層積層構造に限らず、図1(b)に示す如く、4層積層構造或いはそれ以上の多層構造であっても良い。
【0027】
図1(b)に示す夾雑物含有積層泡ガラス1Aは、中間層が大夾雑物6を含有する泡ガラス層よりなる第2中間層3Bと小夾雑物7を含有する泡ガラス層よりなる第1中間層3Aとの2層構造とされている点が図1(a)に示す夾雑物含有積層泡ガラス1と異なり、その他は同一の構成とされている。図1(b)において、図1(a)に示す部材と同一機能を奏する部材には同一符号を付してある。
【0028】
また、本発明の積層泡ガラスの製造に際して、成型時にシート型等で模様付けすることにより、下層の裏面にレリーフ模様を付与することができ、これにより施工面への接着強度を高めることができる。
【0029】
特に、このレリーフ模様としてアリ溝状のものを形成することにより、この接着強度を著しく高めることができる。
【0030】
なお、本発明において原料とする夾雑物含有廃ガラスは、ガラス製造工場、ガラス加工工場の不良品や残留物、その他、住宅やビルなどの建築物や廃棄自動車の解体工場などから発生する分別、分類の困難な廃ガラスであって、次のようなものが挙げられ、これらの1種又は2種以上を分別することなく、そのまま破砕ないし粉砕して用いることができる。
・複層ガラス、網入りガラス、合せガラス、導電性ガラス、鏡、透明板ガラス、型ガラス
・ガラス短繊維、ガラス長繊維
・ビンガラス
・結晶化ガラス、焼結ガラス
【0031】
また、このような廃ガラス中に含まれる夾雑物の材質は例えば次のようなものである。
・塩化ビニール、ブチルゴム、ポリエチレン
・アルミ、鉄、ステンレス、銅、銀及び金属酸化物
・シリカゲル、ベントナイト、木片、土砂
【0032】
なお、原料中に混合する発泡剤としては、特に制限はなく、石灰石粉、炭酸カルシウム、ドロマイト、カーボン、炭化珪素等の通常の泡ガラスの製造に用いられるものを使用することができる。
【0033】
また、表層や下層の原料に焼成収縮防止剤を混合する場合、この焼成収縮防止剤としては、特公平6−88807号公報で示された三酸化アンチモンSb2O3や上記発泡剤の発泡限界以下の低配合等を用いることができる。
【0034】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明する。
【0035】
なお、以下において、「%」は特記しない限り「重量%」を示す。
【0036】
実施例1
複層ガラス加工工場から発生した不良品ガラスを収集し、板ガラス工場にリサイクルされる部分を分別し、残りの塩化ビニル製グレチャンやアルミスペーサーなどを含む多夾雑物含有廃ガラスを多軸のギヤーからなる破砕機にかけ、その後目開き25mmの篩機で分級した。篩上分は収量5〜20重量%で大部分は夾雑物からなっていた。その構成比をみると重量比で、ブチルゴム40%、塩化ビニル20%、ガラス20%、アルミニウム10%、乾燥材等10%であり、大きさは(粒径)10〜30mm程度であった。この大夾雑物含有ガラス粉を中間層成型用原料(I)とした。
【0037】
また、篩下分を2分し、一方に、発泡剤として石灰石粉4%を添加して、ボールミルで粉砕した。分級して得られた粉砕物は、大きさ1〜10mm程度の小夾雑物を含むガラス粉で、ガラス粉自体の実際の粒度は400μm以下が殆ど(95%以上)であった。これを中間層成型用原料(II)とした。
【0038】
また、篩下分の他方には焼成収縮防止剤として酸化アンチモン(Sb2O3)を0.3%と、顔料(金属酸化物)0.01%を添加してボールミルで粉砕した。分級して得られた粉砕物は大きさ(粒径)400μm以下の微小夾雑物含有非発泡性ガラス粉で、この微小夾雑物含有非発泡性ガラス粉を下層及び表層成型用原料とした。
【0039】
ムライト系耐火板(厚み8mm)を準備し、その上に離型材として平均粒径70μmのアルミナを散布した。原料充填は、まず、下層成型用原料として微小夾雑物含有非発泡性ガラス粉を1.1g/cm2散布し、その上に中間層成型用原料(I)の大夾雑物含有ガラス粉を0.65g/cm2充填し、その上に中間層成型用原料(II)の小夾雑物含有発泡性ガラス粉を0.4g/cm2散布した。この中間層成型用原料(II)は中間層成型用原料(I)の大夾雑物間に入り込んだ。最後に、表層成型用原料として微小夾雑物含有非発泡性ガラス粉を0.5g/cm2散布し、表面を軽くパイプで均した。
【0040】
このようにして成型された成型体を電気炉に入れ、5℃/分の昇温速度で850℃まで上げ、850℃で1時間保持した後、0.6℃/分の降温速度で冷却した。
【0041】
得られた積層泡ガラスの表面は青色に着色して美麗なガラス光沢を有し、切断して断面を観察したところ、表層は泡のない緻密ガラス層、中間層は泡ガラス層で一部夾雑物の灰分や空隙が存在した。また下層は一部中間層の夾雑物が食い込んでいたが緻密ガラス層であった。この積層泡ガラスの表層、中間層及び下層の厚みは概ね5mm,37mm,3mmで全体の厚さは45mmであった。また、中間層を構成する泡ガラス中の泡(気泡)の径は0.1〜5mm程度であり、泡の量は90体積%程度であり、全体の嵩比重は0.56であった。
【0042】
実施例2
実施例1で得られた積層泡ガラスをリサイクルすべく、これを粉砕、分級し、篩下分20%に、セメントモルタルを乾燥して粉砕した粉末5%と、実施例1で製造した中間層成型用原料(II)70%及び発泡剤として軽質炭酸カルシウム5%をボールミルで粉砕、混合し、得られた粉砕物を中間層成型用原料(III)とした。
【0043】
また、廃ガラスの粉砕、分級で得られた篩下分に上記セメントモルタル粉末5%と顔料(ベンガラ)0.5%とドロマイト1%とを加えて粉砕混合して、下層及び表層成型用原料とした。
【0044】
ムライト系耐火板(厚み8mm)を準備し、その上に離型材として平均粒径24μmのアルミナを散布した。その上に周囲が傾斜角45°の枠材を載せ、まず、上記下層成型用原料を枠材の隅部にも充填されるように1.1g/cm2散布し、その上に実施例1で製造した中間層成型用原料(I)を0.6g/cm2充填し、その上に上記中間層成型用原料(III)を0.4g/cm2散布した。この中間層成型用原料(III)は中間層成型用原料(I)の大夾雑物間に入り込んだ。その後、枠材を外して、最後に、表層成型用原料0.6g/cm2を成型体の傾斜面を含む全表面に散布し、再び同じ枠材を同じ位置に置いて表面を軽くパイプで均した。
【0045】
なお、本実施例では、側面の被覆層を形成するために枠材を用いているが、この枠材の傾斜角は、用いる原料粉の安息角よりも十分に小さいことが必要である。
【0046】
このようにして成型された成型体を電気炉に入れ、5℃/分の昇温速度で1000℃まで上げ、1000℃で30分保持した後、3℃/分の降温速度で冷却した。得られた焼結体は急冷却したものであるにも拘らず、割れは発生していなかった。また、X線回析の結果、ワラストナイトの結晶が生成していることが確認された。
【0047】
この積層泡ガラスの表面、側面、裏面は失透気味の赤色の硬い緻密ガラス層であり、切断して断面を観察したところ、全周囲が泡のない緻密ガラス層、中間層は泡ガラス層で一部夾雑物の灰分や空隙が存在した。この積層泡ガラスの表層、中間層及び下層の厚みは概ね5mm,29mm,3mmで全体の厚さは37mmであった。側面の被覆層の厚みは2mmであった。また、中間層を構成する泡ガラス中の泡(気泡)の径は0.1〜5mm程度であり、泡の量は85体積%程度であり、全体の嵩比重は0.65であった。
【0048】
実施例3,4
実施例1,2において、下層成型用原料に発泡剤として軽質炭酸カルシウム粉末を4%混合したこと以外は同様にして積層泡ガラスを製造した。得られた積層泡ガラスは、いずれも下層が泡(気泡)の径0.1〜5mmで泡の量が85〜90体積%の泡ガラス層であり、さらに断熱性を向上させるという利点があった。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、本発明によれば、建築物や自動車の解体時等に発生する夾雑物を多く含む廃ガラスを分別することなく、そのまま破砕ないし粉砕して安価に製造することができる。
【0050】
上記により、分別コストをかけることなく、廃ガラスの有効再利用が可能となり廃棄物の減量化を図れる。
【0051】
また、中間層を多孔質層として、断熱性、吸着性、軽量性等の機能を得ることができる。
【0052】
さらに、表層は、微細な夾雑物を少量含むのみの緻密ガラス層であるので化粧材としても適用可能である。
【0053】
さらにまた、表層が緻密層であるため、耐水性、耐汚染性に優れ、汚れが付着し難く、付着した汚れも簡単に拭き取ることができる。
【0054】
また、下層が緻密ガラス層である場合には、防水性が向上し、耐凍害性が上がり、また、竹構造となって強度アップにつながるという効果が奏され、泡ガラス層である場合には、さらに断熱性が向上するという効果が奏される。
【0055】
また、当該積層泡ガラス自体が廃材とされた際には、これを同様に積層泡ガラスの原料として有効利用することができる。といった優れた効果を有する夾雑物含有積層泡ガラスが提供される。
【0056】
更に、緻密ガラス層よりなる側面被覆層を設けた場合には、耐凍害性に優れた積層泡ガラスが提供される。
【0057】
このような本発明の夾雑物含有積層泡ガラスは、その多孔質と表面の意匠性、耐水性、耐汚染性を利用して、建築物の外装断熱材として、また、建築物の化粧断熱材、屋根材、内装壁材等として工業的に極めて有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の夾雑物含有積層泡ガラスの実施の形態を示す模式的な断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1,1A 夾雑物含有積層泡ガラス
2 下層
3 中間層
3A 第1中間層
3B 第2中間層
4 表層
5 被覆層
6 大夾雑物
7 小夾雑物[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a laminated foam glass which is produced from a waste glass containing a multi-contaminant material generated at the time of dismantling a building or an automobile, and is useful as a decorative heat insulating material for buildings or various industries.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Foam glass has heat insulating properties, sound absorbing properties, etc. due to its porosity, and therefore has applications as a housing, exterior material, wall material, and the like.
[0003]
Some conventional foam glasses have a laminated structure composed of a dense dense layer and a lower porous layer. For example, the following has been proposed.
(1) Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 4-66821 Laminated foam glass composed of a dense foam glass having a porosity of 1 to 30% by volume and having an island-like pattern and a lower layer of a porous foam glass having a porosity of 70 to 95% by volume .
{Circle around (2)} Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-99160 Laminated foam glass comprising a surface layer of a dense glass layer, an intermediate layer of a foamed glass layer having a specific gravity of 0.8 to 1.8, and a lower layer of the foamed glass layer having a specific gravity of less than 0.8 .
[0004]
By the way, some of the waste glass (scrap glass) that is difficult to sort and categorize, such as defective products and residues from glass manufacturing factories, glass processing factories, other buildings such as houses and buildings, and dismantling factories of discarded vehicles In addition to glass, resins such as vinyl chloride and polyethylene, metals such as aluminum, iron, copper, and silver, and a wide variety of contaminants such as wood chips and earth and sand are mixed. Since many of these impurities have spreadability, they do not become powder when pulverized with glass, but are mixed into the glass powder as large and small impurities.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventional bubble glass is limited in the type and purity of raw glass (cullet), and it is difficult to use cullet containing a large amount of impurities as a raw material. In other words, since conventional foam glass needs to form uniform bubbles for each layer, it is not possible to use a cullet mixed with foams having different foaming states or those that form voids due to foreign matters without foaming.
[0006]
On the other hand, in recent years, from the viewpoint of effective use of resources and reduction of waste, it has been strongly desired to effectively recycle waste glass containing the above-mentioned various contaminants. Contamination in the glass is very difficult to separate, and in order to take out only the glass, a large separation cost is required. Further, impurities cannot be easily pulverized and remain in the glass powder as large and small impurities. For this reason, conventionally, a method for effectively reusing waste glass containing such impurities has not been established.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional situation, and effectively utilizes waste glass containing a large amount of foreign substances generated at the time of dismantling of buildings and automobiles, and is used for decorative heat insulation for buildings or various industries. An object of the present invention is to provide a laminated foam glass useful as a material.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Contaminants containing laminate foam glass of the present invention includes a lower layer made of a dense glass layer or foam glass layer to the fine contaminant-containing glass powder obtained by crushing or grinding the waste glass containing impurities as a main material, contaminating Crushing waste glass containing impurities and an intermediate layer consisting of a foam glass layer made mainly of glass powder containing large impurities and glass powder containing small impurities obtained by crushing or crushing waste glass containing substances It is characterized by having a laminated structure with a surface layer composed of a dense glass layer mainly composed of fine dust-containing glass powder obtained by pulverization .
[0009]
Since this laminated foam glass is manufactured by crushing or crushing as it is without separating waste glass containing impurities, waste glass can be effectively reused without requiring separation costs and discarded. Things can be reduced.
[0010]
Moreover, since an intermediate | middle layer is a foam glass layer, it is lightweight and excellent in heat insulation, a sound absorption property, etc.
[0011]
Moreover, since the surface layer is a dense glass layer containing a small amount of fine impurities, it can also be applied as a cosmetic material, and also has excellent surface water resistance and stain resistance, and can be used as a building material. It is also effective for expansion.
[0012]
Moreover, when the laminated foam glass of the present invention itself is a waste material, it can be reused as a raw material for the laminated foam glass by mixing the foaming agent again as necessary and crushing or grinding. It is effective for effective use of waste and reduction of waste.
[0013]
In the present invention, when the lower layer is a dense glass layer, the waterproof property is improved, the resistance to frost damage is increased, and the effect that the bamboo structure is formed and the strength is increased is obtained. Has the effect of further improving heat insulation.
[0014]
In the present invention, it is preferable to provide a coating layer composed of a dense glass layer mainly composed of glass powder containing fine impurities obtained by crushing or pulverizing waste glass containing impurities on the side surface. Can prevent water absorption not only from the surface but also from the side surface, and can provide a building material having excellent frost damage resistance that is free from damage due to freezing and thawing.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0016]
1 (a) and 1 (b) are schematic cross-sectional views showing an embodiment of the contaminant-containing laminated foam glass of the present invention.
[0017]
1A has a three-layer laminated structure of a
[0018]
The
[0019]
Such a foreign substance-containing foam glass 1 is obtained by, for example, crushing and classifying various types of waste glass with a crusher according to the methods of Examples 1 and 2, which will be described later, to obtain a pulverized product containing foreign substances of a predetermined size. In addition, by mixing a foaming agent and other components as necessary, a raw material for molding of each layer is obtained, and this is sequentially sprayed on a mold and molded, and the resulting molded product is fired. can do.
[0020]
In this case, about 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of a baking shrinkage inhibitor is mixed with the raw material for the dense glass layer of the surface layer, the lower layer, and the side surface coating layer. It is preferable for following the expansion during firing of the layer. For this purpose, a foaming agent that cannot form a foam glass layer, that is, a foaming agent of less than 1% by weight, may be mixed with the dense glass layer raw material. In this case, cracks and the like can be prevented from occurring in the sintered body even if the temperature increase rate in the firing step during production is increased.
[0021]
Furthermore, the raw material for the dense glass layer of the surface layer and the side surface coating layer can be colored by adding a pigment to enhance the design of the resulting laminated foam glass.
[0022]
In the contaminant-containing laminated foam glass 1 shown in FIG. 1 (a), when the
[0023]
Further, the impurities contained in the intermediate layer 3 are preferably about 1 to 30 mm in size (particle size). The intermediate layer 3 has a contaminant content of 5 to 20% by weight and a glass content of 80 to 80%. It is preferable from the viewpoint of the influence on heat insulation and the smoothness of the surface that the 95% by weight, the bubble (bubble) diameter is about 0.1 to 5 mm, and the amount of the bubble is 85 to 95% by volume.
[0024]
In the contaminant-containing laminated foam glass 1 of FIG. 1A, the thickness of the lower layer is preferably 1 to 5 mm, and the thickness of the surface layer is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, particularly preferably 0.5 to 6 mm. Moreover, when providing a coating layer in a side surface, it is preferable that the thickness is 0.1-5 mm.
[0025]
The laminated foam glass 1 shown in FIG. 1A is an example of an embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention.
[0026]
For example, the laminated foam glass of the present invention is not limited to a three-layer laminated structure, and may have a four-layer laminated structure or a multilayer structure having more than that as shown in FIG.
[0027]
In the
[0028]
Further, in the production of the laminated foam glass of the present invention, a relief pattern can be imparted to the back surface of the lower layer by patterning with a sheet mold or the like at the time of molding, thereby increasing the adhesive strength to the construction surface. .
[0029]
In particular, the adhesive strength can be remarkably increased by forming a dovetail shape as the relief pattern.
[0030]
In addition, the waste glass containing impurities used as a raw material in the present invention is a defective product or residue of a glass manufacturing factory, a glass processing factory, or other waste generated from a building such as a house or a building or a scrapping factory of a discarded car, Examples of waste glass that are difficult to classify include the following, and these can be used by pulverizing or crushing them as they are without separating one or more of them.
・ Multi-layer glass, glass with mesh, laminated glass, conductive glass, mirror, transparent plate glass, mold glass, short glass fiber, long glass fiber, bottle glass, crystallized glass, sintered glass
Moreover, the material of the impurities contained in such waste glass is as follows, for example.
・ Vinyl chloride, butyl rubber, polyethylene, aluminum, iron, stainless steel, copper, silver and metal oxides ・ Silica gel, bentonite, wood fragments, earth and sand 【0032】
In addition, there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a foaming agent mixed in a raw material, What is used for manufacture of normal foam glass, such as limestone powder, calcium carbonate, dolomite, carbon, silicon carbide, can be used.
[0033]
In addition, when a firing shrinkage inhibitor is mixed with the raw material of the surface layer or lower layer, examples of the firing shrinkage inhibitor include antimony trioxide Sb 2 O 3 disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-88807 and the foaming limit of the foaming agent. The following low blends can be used.
[0034]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
[0035]
In the following, “%” indicates “% by weight” unless otherwise specified.
[0036]
Example 1
Collect defective glass generated from the multi-layer glass processing factory, sort the parts recycled to the flat glass factory, and remove the remaining waste glass containing multi-contamination from the multi-axis gear, including the vinyl chloride Grechan and aluminum spacers. And then classified with a sieve having an opening of 25 mm. The portion on the sieve was a yield of 5 to 20% by weight, and most consisted of impurities. The composition ratio was 40% butyl rubber, 20% vinyl chloride, 20% glass, 10% aluminum, 10% desiccant and the like in terms of weight ratio, and the size (particle size) was about 10 to 30 mm. This large contaminant-containing glass powder was used as the intermediate layer forming raw material (I).
[0037]
Further, the sieving portion was divided into 2 minutes, and 4% of limestone powder as a foaming agent was added to the sieving portion and pulverized with a ball mill. The pulverized material obtained by classification was glass powder containing small impurities of about 1 to 10 mm in size, and the actual particle size of the glass powder itself was almost 400 μm or less (95% or more). This was used as the intermediate layer forming raw material (II).
[0038]
In addition, 0.3% of antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3 ) and 0.01% of pigment (metal oxide) were added to the other part under the sieve as a firing shrinkage inhibitor and pulverized with a ball mill. The pulverized product obtained by classification was a non-foaming glass powder containing fine impurities having a size (particle size) of 400 μm or less. The non-foaming glass powder containing fine impurities was used as a raw material for lower layer and surface layer molding.
[0039]
A mullite fireproof plate (thickness 8 mm) was prepared, and alumina having an average particle size of 70 μm was sprayed thereon as a release material. In the raw material filling, first, 1.1 g / cm 2 of non-foaming glass powder containing fine impurities is sprayed as a raw material for lower layer molding, and the large foreign material containing glass powder of raw material for intermediate layer molding (I) is 0 on it. .65g / cm 2 was filled, the small contaminant-containing effervescent glass powder of the intermediate layer molding material (II) was 0.4 g / cm 2 sprayed thereon. The intermediate layer forming raw material (II) entered between large impurities of the intermediate layer forming raw material (I). Finally, 0.5 g / cm 2 of non-foaming glass powder containing fine impurities was sprayed as a raw material for surface layer molding, and the surface was lightly leveled with a pipe.
[0040]
The molded body thus molded was put into an electric furnace, raised to 850 ° C. at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min, held at 850 ° C. for 1 hour, and then cooled at a cooling rate of 0.6 ° C./min. .
[0041]
The surface of the obtained laminated foam glass is colored blue and has a beautiful glass luster. After cutting and observing the cross section, the surface layer is a dense glass layer without bubbles, and the intermediate layer is partly a foam glass layer. There were ash and voids in the objects. The lower layer was a dense glass layer although some of the impurities in the intermediate layer had digged in. The thicknesses of the surface layer, intermediate layer and lower layer of this laminated foam glass were approximately 5 mm, 37 mm and 3 mm, and the total thickness was 45 mm. Moreover, the diameter of the bubble (bubble) in the bubble glass which comprises an intermediate | middle layer was about 0.1-5 mm, the quantity of the bubble was about 90 volume%, and the whole bulk specific gravity was 0.56.
[0042]
Example 2
In order to recycle the laminated foam glass obtained in Example 1, this was pulverized and classified, and 20% under sieve, 5% powder obtained by drying and pulverizing cement mortar, and the intermediate layer produced in Example 1 70% of the raw material for molding (II) and 5% of light calcium carbonate as a foaming agent were pulverized and mixed with a ball mill, and the resulting pulverized product was used as the intermediate layer molding raw material (III).
[0043]
In addition, the lower sieving material obtained by grinding and classifying waste glass is mixed with 5% cement mortar powder, 0.5% pigment (Bengara) and 1% dolomite, and then pulverized and mixed. It was.
[0044]
A mullite fireproof plate (thickness 8 mm) was prepared, and alumina having an average particle size of 24 μm was sprayed thereon as a release material. A frame material having an inclination angle of 45 ° is placed thereon, and first, 1.1 g / cm 2 of the lower layer molding raw material is sprayed so as to fill the corners of the frame material. in the intermediate layer molding material was produced (I) 0.6g / cm 2 was charged to the intermediate layer molding raw material (III) 0.4g / cm 2 sprayed thereon. The intermediate layer forming raw material (III) entered between the large impurities of the intermediate layer forming raw material (I). Then, remove the frame member, and finally, sprayed surface layer molding material 0.6 g / cm 2 on the entire surface including the inclined surface of the molded body, lightly pipe surface at the same frame member in the same position again Leveled.
[0045]
In this embodiment, a frame material is used to form the side surface coating layer, but the inclination angle of the frame material needs to be sufficiently smaller than the angle of repose of the raw material powder to be used.
[0046]
The molded body thus molded was placed in an electric furnace, raised to 1000 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min, held at 1000 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then cooled at a temperature lowering rate of 3 ° C./min. Although the obtained sintered body was rapidly cooled, no cracks occurred. As a result of X-ray diffraction, it was confirmed that wollastonite crystals were formed.
[0047]
The surface, side and back of this laminated foam glass are devitrifying red hard dense glass layers, and when cut and observed in cross section, the entire periphery is a dense glass layer without bubbles, and the intermediate layer is a foam glass layer. There were some ash and voids of foreign matters. The thicknesses of the surface layer, intermediate layer and lower layer of this laminated foam glass were approximately 5 mm, 29 mm and 3 mm, and the total thickness was 37 mm. The thickness of the side coating layer was 2 mm. Moreover, the diameter of the bubble (bubble) in the bubble glass which comprises an intermediate | middle layer was about 0.1-5 mm, the quantity of the bubble was about 85 volume%, and the whole bulk specific gravity was 0.65.
[0048]
Examples 3 and 4
In Examples 1 and 2, laminated foam glass was produced in the same manner except that 4% of light calcium carbonate powder as a foaming agent was mixed with the raw material for lower layer molding. The obtained laminated foam glass is a foam glass layer in which the lower layer is a foam (bubble) diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm and the amount of foam is 85 to 90% by volume, and has the advantage of further improving the heat insulation. It was.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail , according to the present invention, waste glass containing a large amount of contaminants generated at the time of dismantling of a building or an automobile can be produced by being crushed or pulverized as it is without separation.
[0050]
As described above , waste glass can be effectively reused without incurring sorting costs, and the amount of waste can be reduced.
[0051]
Moreover, functions, such as heat insulation, adsorptivity, and lightness, can be obtained by using the intermediate layer as a porous layer .
[0052]
Furthermore, since the surface layer is a dense glass layer containing only a small amount of fine impurities, it can also be applied as a cosmetic material.
[0053]
Furthermore, since the surface layer is a dense layer, it is excellent in water resistance and stain resistance, stains are difficult to adhere, and the adhered stains can be easily wiped off.
[0054]
In addition, when the lower layer is a dense glass layer, the waterproof property is improved, the frost damage resistance is increased, and the effect that the bamboo structure is formed and the strength is increased is achieved. In addition, an effect of further improving the heat insulation is achieved.
[0055]
Further, when the laminated foam glass itself is used as a waste material, it can be effectively used as a raw material for the laminated foam glass. Thus, a laminated foam glass containing impurities having such excellent effects is provided.
[0056]
Furthermore, when a side surface coating layer made of a dense glass layer is provided, a laminated foam glass excellent in frost resistance is provided.
[0057]
Such a foreign substance-containing laminated foam glass of the present invention uses its porous design and surface design, water resistance, and stain resistance, as an exterior heat insulating material for buildings, and a decorative heat insulating material for buildings. It is extremely useful industrially as a roofing material, an interior wall material, etc.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a contaminant-containing laminated foam glass of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 1A Contained contaminant-containing
Claims (3)
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JP2000084574A JP4556274B2 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2000-03-24 | Laminated foam glass containing impurities |
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JP2000084574A JP4556274B2 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2000-03-24 | Laminated foam glass containing impurities |
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JP4556274B2 true JP4556274B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
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Cited By (1)
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WO2017181191A1 (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Advanced ceramics to glass joints |
Families Citing this family (9)
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JP4655326B2 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2011-03-23 | 積水ハウス株式会社 | Foam glass and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2009023865A (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-02-05 | Jian Quan Glass Development Co Ltd | Patterned crystallized glass article and method for producing the same |
JP4523021B2 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2010-08-11 | 建權玻璃開発股▲はん▼有限公司 | Crystallized glass article with pattern and manufacturing method thereof |
JP4991638B2 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2012-08-01 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Production method of foam glass |
JP2009298643A (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-24 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Method for producing foam glass |
JP2010270003A (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2010-12-02 | Jian Quan Glass Development Co Ltd | Patterned crystallized glass article and method for producing the same |
KR101421374B1 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-07-18 | 김선우 | Glass board |
CN103819094B (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学技术大学 | Plant ash and cullet is utilized to prepare the method for multicellular glass |
JP7270518B2 (en) * | 2019-10-02 | 2023-05-10 | 旭ビルウォール株式会社 | Fragment built-in laminated glass and its manufacturing method |
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JPS59141433A (en) * | 1982-11-25 | 1984-08-14 | Inax Corp | Production of light-weight ceramic building material |
JPS62207743A (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1987-09-12 | Central Glass Co Ltd | Foam glass |
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JPH0699160B2 (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1994-12-07 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | Multi-layer foam glass body and its manufacturing method |
JP2559428B2 (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1996-12-04 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | Ceramic fired body and manufacturing method thereof |
JPH01115850A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-05-09 | Central Glass Co Ltd | Reinforced foamed glass article |
JPH1025152A (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 1998-01-27 | M Ii C:Kk | Pottery |
JP2000026136A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-25 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Production of foamed glass |
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JPS59141433A (en) * | 1982-11-25 | 1984-08-14 | Inax Corp | Production of light-weight ceramic building material |
JPS62207743A (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1987-09-12 | Central Glass Co Ltd | Foam glass |
JPS63319232A (en) * | 1987-06-22 | 1988-12-27 | Central Glass Co Ltd | Vitreous multicellular material containing metallic wire rod |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2017181191A1 (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Advanced ceramics to glass joints |
US11414345B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2022-08-16 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Seamless, and/or graded transition from sintered alternative-binders-based impermeable concrete to glass for architectural and industrial applications |
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