JP4542809B2 - Torque interrupting device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a torque interrupting device such as a constantly meshing gear transmission.

  Since the dog clutch, which is this type of torque interrupting device, is used in a transmission, it is used in such a manner that it is coupled and operated in the same rotational state after being coupled with each other in a state of relative rotation.

  From this, the ease of the coupling operation is mainly due to the size of the tooth gap between the clutch teeth. If the gap is small, the clutch will be bounced and cannot be engaged even if there is a slight difference in rotation.

  On the other hand, if the tooth gap between the clutch teeth is increased, the clutch will sufficiently advance in the axial direction while one tooth moves in the rotation direction from one tooth on the other side to the next tooth during rotation. Even if it exists, the joining operation becomes possible.

  However, as a result of an increase in backlash at the time of meshing, impact torque acts on the drive system, causing abnormal noise and lowering durability. Furthermore, the thickness of the tooth base decreases, leading to a decrease in strength.

  Here, as a conventional torque interrupting device, for example, there is a device as shown in FIG. FIG. 7 shows a constant meshing gear transmission 101 as a torque interrupting device, for example.

  Referring to FIG. 7, for example, a main shaft 103 and a counter shaft 105 are provided side by side. A second and fourth speed gear 107 is slidably supported on the main shaft 103 by spline engagement. Yes. A fifth speed gear 109 is supported on the main shaft 103 so as to be relatively rotatable adjacent to the second and fourth speed gears 107. A fifth speed gear 111 that meshes with the fifth speed gear 109 is spline-engaged with the countershaft 105 and supported so as to be integrally rotatable.

  A dog clutch 113 can engage and disengage between the second and fourth speed gears 107 and the fifth speed gear 109. The dog clutch 113 is composed of projecting teeth 115 and 117 provided on opposing surfaces of the second and fourth speed gears 107 and 109, respectively. The protruding teeth 115 and 117 have the same configuration. For example, the protruding teeth 117 of the fifth speed gear 109 are as shown in FIG. That is, a plurality of, for example, six projecting teeth 117 are provided on the side surface of the fifth speed gear 109 at regular intervals in the circumferential direction.

  When the second and fourth speed gears 107 are moved to the fifth speed gear 109 side by operating the shift lever, the teeth 115 engage with the teeth 117, and the dog clutch 113 is engaged. . By meshing the dog clutch 113, torque can be transmitted from the main shaft 103 to the counter shaft 105 via the second and fourth speed gears 107 and the fifth speed gears 109 and 111.

  This conventional dog clutch 113 is easy to process and inexpensive because the meshing surfaces of the protrusions 115 and 117 are parallel to each other in the circumferential direction. However, when a large torque is applied in a state where the protruding teeth 115 and the protruding teeth 117 are engaged, there is a disadvantage that the coupling between the protruding teeth 115 and the protruding teeth 117 is easily released.

  In order to solve this problem, a gradient may be provided on the meshing surfaces of the projecting teeth 115 and the projecting teeth 117 so that the meshing force of the projecting teeth 115 and the projecting teeth 117 acts in the mutual coupling direction.

  However, when the tip teeth 115 and the teeth 117 have the same tip gap that affects the ease of the coupling operation as the parallel teeth, the tooth root thickness is reduced, and the backlash increases in the coupled state. The problem of causing abnormal noise and lowering durability occurs.

  As described above, the ease of coupling operation, the certainty of coupling (hardness of removal), the strength of the teeth 115 and 117 and the backlash are in a trade-off relationship.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No.59-164859

  The problem to be solved is that the dog clutch can be engaged smoothly, but it is easy to disengage, but if it is difficult to disengage by providing an inclined surface on the meshing surface, there is a risk that strength may decrease and backlash increase. is there.

According to the present invention, the dog clutch can be easily engaged, and it is difficult to disengage, and the height of each of the opposing teeth of the dog clutch is high in order to suppress the strength reduction and suppress the backlash increase. The same number of protruding teeth and lower protruding teeth are formed alternately, and an inclined surface is provided on the meshing surface of the protruding teeth so as to incline in the thickness direction from the tip side to the root side. The main feature is that the dimension in the tooth thickness direction is smaller than the previous dimension due to the relationship between the dimension and the inclined surface.

In the torque interrupting device of the present invention , the same number of high-profile teeth and low-profile teeth are alternately formed for each of the opposing teeth of the dog clutch. An inclined surface that is inclined inward in the thickness direction is provided, and the low projecting tooth is smaller than a dimension before the dimension in the tooth thickness direction is reduced due to the relationship between the lowered dimension and the inclined surface. The circumferential interval between the high-protruding teeth is relatively wide, and the engagement of the protruding teeth between the rotating bodies can be easily performed. Moreover, after the teeth are engaged, the protrusions mesh with each other on the inclined surface, so that it is difficult to remove them.

  Even if an inclined surface is provided on the meshing surface of the protruding teeth, the thickness reduction of the tooth root can be suppressed, and the strength reduction and the backlash increase can be suppressed.

  When the inclined surface is formed so that the thickness of the tooth base of the high and low protruding teeth is equal, the thickness of the tooth base of the low protruding tooth can be maintained, and the strength of the protruding teeth can be reliably maintained. Can do.

  When the protrusions are formed so as to have a height for each tooth in the circumferential direction, it is possible to reliably prevent the protrusions from coming off while reliably engaging the protrusions.

  In the case where one of the rotation teeth capable of relative rotation is a rotation shaft and the other is a gear fitted to the rotation shaft so as to be capable of relative rotation, in a constantly meshing gear transmission or the like, between the rotation shaft and the gears In this torque transmission, the dog clutch can be easily engaged and can be prevented from coming off.

  The purpose of making the dog clutch easy to engage, making it difficult to disengage, and suppressing strength reduction and backlash increase was realized with a simple structure.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a torque interrupting device used as a part of a constantly meshing gear transmission or the like. As shown in FIG. 1, the torque interrupting device 1 includes a rotating shaft 3, gears 5 and 7, and a slide ring 9 as a rotating body capable of relative rotation.

  The rotary shaft 3 is, for example, a main shaft of a constantly meshing gear transmission, and the gears 5 and 7 are supported on the rotary shaft 3 so as to be relatively rotatable as gears for transmission. The slide ring 9 is disposed between the gears 5 and 7 and is spline-engaged with the rotary shaft 3. Therefore, the slide ring 9 can be reciprocated between the gears 5 and 7 in the direction along the rotation axis (the arrow direction in FIG. 1). The slide ring 9 is engaged with the fork, and the slide ring 9 can be reciprocated in the direction along the rotation axis through the fork by operating the operation lever.

  Dog clutches 11 and 13 are provided between the gears 5 and 7 and the slide ring 9, respectively. The dog clutches 11 and 13 have the same configuration, for example, and are configured by projecting teeth 15, 17, 19, and 21.

  The dog clutch 11 will be described as a representative example. The dog clutch 11 is as shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a developed cross-sectional view of the dog clutch 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the protruding teeth 15 and 17 are formed so as to have a height at every predetermined interval in the circumferential direction, that is, every tooth in this embodiment. This height is the height of the teeth 15 and 17 from the side surface of the gear 5 and the side surface of the slide ring 9 (the height in the direction along the rotational axis of the rotating shaft 3). In the present embodiment, the protruding tooth portion 23 having a high height and the protruding tooth portion 25 having the same height are connected to each other in the circumferential direction. Similarly, in the protrusion 17, the high protrusion 27 having a high height and the low protrusion 29 having the same height are connected to every other tooth in the circumferential direction.

  Accordingly, the interval A between the high protrusions 23 of the counterpart protrusion 15 is more than three times the tooth width B of the tip of the high protrusion 27 on the protrusion 17 side in this embodiment.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged developed cross-sectional view of a main part of the dog clutch 11. Referring also to FIG. 3, the meshing surfaces of the projecting teeth 15, 17 are inclined surfaces 31 that incline from the tooth tip side of the high projecting teeth 23, 27 and the low projecting teeth 25, 29 to the thickness direction inner side of the tooth base side. , 33 are provided. The inclination angles of the inclined surfaces 31 and 33 are set substantially the same. The inclined surfaces 33 of the low projecting teeth 25 and 29 are formed so as to incline from the tip 35 which is the tooth tip side to the tooth base side when the height H1 is equal to the height H1 of the high projecting teeth 23 and 27. Accordingly, the tooth thickness W1 on the tooth base side of the high protrusion teeth 23 and 27 and the wall thickness W2 on the tooth base side of the low protrusion teeth 25 and 29 can be set to be the same. However, the tooth thicknesses W1 and W2 can be varied as long as the strength can be maintained.

  In addition, since the height H2 of the low projecting teeth 25, 29 is made lower than the height H1 of the high projecting teeth 23, 27 by the dimension h, the A-to-B relationship can be established, and the inclined surfaces 31, 33 By setting, the tooth thickness at the tip end 37 of the low protrusion teeth 25 and 29 can be reduced by the dimension S on one side in the tooth thickness direction of the low protrusion teeth 25 and 29 with respect to the rotation direction. As a result, the interval in the rotational direction between the high protrusions 23 and the low protrusions 25 and between the high protrusions 27 and the low protrusions 29 can be increased by the dimension S.

  Accordingly, for example, when the high protrusion 27 of the other protrusion 17 starts to engage between the high and low protrusions 23, 25 of one protrusion 15, there is an allowance in the engagement by the dimension S, so that the engagement is performed more smoothly. Can do.

  Next, the operation will be described. When the slide ring 9 is operated by the operation lever, for example, when the dog clutch 11 is engaged, the projecting teeth 17 mesh with the projecting teeth 15, and torque transmission between the rotary shaft 3 and the gear 5 is transmitted via the slide ring 9 and the dog clutch 11. Can be done.

  Even when the slide ring 9 is operated to the opposite side, the dog clutch 13 is engaged and the torque of the rotating shaft 3 can be transmitted to the gear 7 via the slide ring 9 and the dog clutch 13.

  As described above, the ease of coupling of the dog clutches 11 and 13 under relative rotation depends on the size of the gap between the tooth tips. The gap in the present embodiment can be considered substantially only between the high projecting teeth 23 and 27, so that the difference between the A dimension and the B dimension is very large.

  Therefore, even when the relative rotation is large, the high projecting teeth 23 and 27 reliably start to engage with each other by the lever operation. When the high projecting teeth 23 and 27 are engaged with each other, the relative rotation is lost, so that the teeth move in the direction of complete coupling based on the lever operation. At this time, the action can be supported by the inclined surfaces 31 and 33, and can be more smoothly and reliably combined.

  The backlash when the dog clutch 11 (13) is completely engaged can be made small between the inclined surfaces 31 and 33.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the teeth at the start of meshing (high projecting teeth 23, 27) have a large gap between the teeth, and at the end of meshing, the teeth (the mating low projecting tooth 27 or high projecting tooth 29 with respect to between the high projecting tooth 23 and the low projecting tooth 25). The mutual gap becomes smaller. Furthermore, since the tooth meshing portion has the inclined surfaces 31 and 33, the action from the meshing start to the complete coupling can be made smooth and reliable.

  Moreover, for example, when the high projecting teeth 27 try to mesh between the opposing high and low projecting teeth 23, 25, the space between the high and low projecting teeth 23, 25 has a margin of dimension S in FIG. 3, and the meshing is extremely smooth even during the meshing. Therefore, smooth engagement can be performed as a whole.

  After the protrusions 15 and 17 are engaged with each other, the contact between the inclined surfaces 31 and 33 is suppressed, so that the engagement is prevented from coming off, and the engagement can be made difficult.

  Further, even if the inclined surfaces 33 are provided on the low projecting teeth 25 and 29, the thickness W2 of the bases of the low projecting teeth 25 and 29 can be made equal to the thickness W1 of the bases of the high projecting teeth 23 and 27, and the dog clutch 11 , 13 can be reliably maintained. Further, in the coupled state, it is possible to suppress an increase in backlash, and to suppress the generation of abnormal noise and a decrease in durability.

  4A and 4B show a modification of the shape of the teeth, wherein FIG. 4A is a sectional view of the meshing state of the first modification, FIG. 4B is a sectional view of the meshing state of the second modification, and FIG. These are meshing state sectional drawings of the 3rd modification. In FIG. 4, only the relationship between one low tooth between the teeth and the periphery thereof is shown, but the whole tooth is formed in the same manner. Further, FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for convenience showing the meshing state. Actually, there is an interval in which the mating tooth can mesh and move between the tips of the teeth, and backlash exists between the teeth after meshing. Note that components corresponding to those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  In the first modification, as shown in (a), a parallel portion 39 along the radial direction is provided at the base of the high and low protruding teeth on the protruding tooth 15A side. In addition, the same parallel part is provided also about the tooth | gear base of the high and low protrusion tooth by the side of the protrusion 17A. Therefore, the thickness of the base of the high and low projecting teeth can be increased by the parallel portion 39.

  When the high projecting tooth on the side of the projecting tooth 15A and the high projecting tooth on the side of the projecting tooth 17A are first engaged at the tip of the tooth, a large force is applied to the base of both high projecting teeth. Therefore, the thickness of the dog clutch can be received without increasing the gear size.

  In the second modification, as shown in (b), the tooth tip surface 41 of the low projecting tooth 29B of the projecting tooth 17B is formed to be inclined in the rotational direction. Opposite the tooth tip surface 41, the surface 43 between the tooth roots of the projecting tooth 15 </ b> B is also inclined and set parallel to the tooth tip surface 41. The surface between the low teeth 25B of the teeth 15B and the bases of the teeth 17B is also formed in the same manner.

  Therefore, when the protrusions 15B and 17B do not mesh due to the inclination setting of the tooth tip surface 41 during rotation in one direction, the tooth tip on the other side can hit the tooth tip surface 41, and damage to the tooth tip is suppressed. be able to.

  In the third modified example, as shown in (c), the tip surfaces 45 and 47 of the low projecting teeth 29C on the projecting teeth 17C side are formed so as to be symmetrically inclined in the front-rear direction. Corresponding to the tooth tip surfaces 45 and 47, the surfaces 49 and 51 between the tooth bases on the protruding tooth 15C side are also formed symmetrically and correspondingly. The surface between the low projecting tooth 25C of the projecting tooth 15C and the tooth base on the projecting tooth 17C side is similarly formed.

  Therefore, in this modified example, the tooth tip on the other side can hit the tooth tip surfaces 45 and 47 before and after the rotation direction, and damage to the tooth tip can be suppressed before and after the rotation direction.

  FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the dog clutch according to the second embodiment. Note that components corresponding to those in the first embodiment will be described with the same reference numerals or D added to the same reference numerals.

  In this embodiment, the meshing surfaces on one side in the rotational direction of the high and low projecting teeth 23D, 25D, 27D, 29D of the projecting teeth 15D, 17D are parallel surfaces 51, 53, 55, 57 in the direction along the rotational axis.

  Also with this configuration, the same effect as described above can be obtained on one side in the rotational direction due to the presence of the inclined surfaces 31 and 33 on one side in the rotational direction. Further, in the present embodiment, due to the presence of the parallel surfaces 51, 53, 55, 57, the thickness of the tooth base of each of the high and low protruding teeth 23D, 25D, 27D, 29D can be increased, and the strength can be further improved. .

  FIG. 6 is an enlarged developed sectional view of a main part of the dog clutch according to the third embodiment. Note that components corresponding to those in the first embodiment will be described with the same reference numerals or E added to the same reference numerals.

  In the present embodiment, parallel surfaces 59 and 61 in the direction along the rotation axis are provided on both sides in the rotation direction of the tips of the high protrusions 23E and 27E of the protrusions 15E and 17E. The parallel surfaces 59 and 61 are formed with the same dimensions as the height difference h between the high and low protrusions 23E, 25, 27E, and 29. However, the parallel surfaces 59 and 61 can be formed larger or smaller.

  Therefore, also in the present embodiment, the same effect as described above can be obtained on one side in the rotational direction due to the presence of the inclined surfaces 31 and 33 on one side in the rotational direction. Further, in the present embodiment, due to the presence of the parallel surfaces 59 and 61, the tooth tips can be prevented from being damaged at the time of contact between the tooth tips at the start of meshing.

  In the first and third embodiments, the inclined surfaces 31 and 33 are formed symmetrically in the rotational direction, but the angles of the inclined surfaces on both sides of the high and low teeth can be changed according to the characteristics of the input torque.

  In the above embodiment, the torque interrupting device applied to the constantly meshing gear transmission has been described. However, the present invention can also be applied to other torque interrupting devices using dog clutches.

(Example 1) which is a sectional view showing a torque interruption device used for a constant meshing gear transmission. (Example 1) which is an expanded sectional view of a dog clutch. (Example 1) which is a principal part expansion expanded sectional view of a dog clutch. (A) The principal part expansion expanded sectional view of the dog clutch which concerns on a 1st modification, (b) is the principal part expanded sectional view of the dog clutch which concerns on a 2nd modification, (c) concerns on a 3rd modification. (Example 1) which is a principal part expanded sectional view of a dog clutch. (Example 2) which is a principal part expansion expanded sectional view of a dog clutch. (Example 3) which is a principal expanded expansion sectional view of a dog clutch. It is sectional drawing of a constant meshing type gear transmission (conventional example). It is a perspective view of a gearwheel (conventional example).

Explanation of symbols

1 Torque interrupting device 3 Rotating shaft (Rotating body)
5,7 Gear (Rotating body)
9 Slide ring 11, 13 Dog clutch 15, 15A, 15B, 15C, 15D, 17, 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D, 19, 21 Projection teeth 23, 23D, 23E, 27, 27D, 27E High projection teeth 25, 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, 29, 29A, 29B, 29C, 29D Low protrusion 31, 31 Inclined surface

Claims (4)

In the torque interrupting device that performs rotation interlocking of the mutually rotatable rotating bodies by engaging and disengaging the opposing teeth of the dog clutch,
Wherein each of the opposing突歯the dog clutch, the low profile high突歯and height突歯is equal formed alternately,
On the meshing surface of the protruding teeth, an inclined surface is provided which is inclined from the tooth tip side to the thickness direction inside of the tooth root side,
The low projecting tooth is smaller than the dimension before the dimension in the tooth thickness direction is lowered due to the relationship between the lowered dimension and the inclined surface,
Torque interruption device characterized by that.   The torque interrupting device, wherein the inclined surface is formed so that the thicknesses of the bases of the high and low protruding teeth are equal. The torque interrupting device according to claim 1,
The projecting tooth is formed so as to have a height for each tooth in the circumferential direction. The torque interrupting device according to claim 1,
One of the rotating bodies capable of relative rotation is a rotating shaft, and the other is a gear engaged with the rotating shaft so as to be relatively rotatable.

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