JP4411840B2 - Method for producing oxidation-resistant rare earth magnet powder - Google Patents
Method for producing oxidation-resistant rare earth magnet powder Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耐酸化性に優れるとともに高い磁気特性を示す希土類系ボンド磁石を製造するために有用な、耐酸化性希土類系磁石粉末の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
Nd−Fe−B系磁石粉末に代表されるR−Fe−B系磁石粉末などの希土類系磁石粉末を、バインダとして熱可塑性樹脂や熱硬化性樹脂などを用いて所定形状に成形することで製造される希土類系ボンド磁石は、樹脂バインダを含有しているために希土類系焼結磁石に比較すれば磁気特性が低くなるものの、フェライト磁石などに比べればなお十分に高い磁気特性を有しており、また、複雑形状や薄肉形状の磁石やラジアル異方性磁石を容易に得ることができるといった希土類系焼結磁石にはない特徴を持っている。従って、希土類系ボンド磁石は、特にスピンドルモータやステッピングモータなどの小型モータに多く用いられ、近年、その需要が増加している。
希土類系磁石粉末は高い磁気特性を有するが、RやFeが組成の大半を占めることから腐食や酸化を起しやすいという問題がある。そのため、希土類系ボンド磁石の製造においては、まず、希土類系磁石粉末を、溶解もしくは溶融(軟化)させた樹脂バインダと混合して磁石粉末の表面が樹脂バインダで被覆されたコンパウンドと呼ばれる粉末顆粒状原料を調製した後、このコンパウンドを射出成形や圧縮成形や押出成形し、用いる樹脂バインダが熱硬化性樹脂である場合にはさらに加熱して樹脂バインダを硬化させることで所定形状に成形して製品化される。しかしながら、このようにして製品化された希土類系ボンド磁石であっても、その表面に希土類系磁石粉末が露出していると、わずかな酸やアルカリや水分などの存在によって磁石粉末が腐食して錆が発生したり、100℃程度の大気中でも酸化が進行したりするので、例えば部品組み込み後に磁気特性の劣化やばらつきを招くことがある。また、樹脂バインダとして汎用されているエポキシ樹脂やナイロン樹脂などは水分や酸素の透過性を有する。従って、これらの樹脂を樹脂バインダに用いた希土類系ボンド磁石においては、樹脂を透過した水分や酸素で希土類系磁石粉末が腐食したり酸化したりする可能性があることを否定できない。さらに、希土類系磁石粉末が腐食や酸化を起しやすいことに鑑みれば、射出成形を行う場合には混練成形時の温度条件に配慮する必要があるし、圧縮成形を行う場合には成形後の硬化処理を不活性ガス雰囲気中で行う必要がある。
【0003】
以上のような問題を解消すべく、例えば、下記の特許文献1において、希土類系磁石粉末の表面に、リン酸塩の被覆処理を施し、リン酸塩被膜で表面被覆された希土類系磁石粉末を用いて所定形状に成形することによる酸化劣化を防止した希土類系ボンド磁石の製造方法が提案されている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開昭64−11304号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記の特許文献1に記載された方法は、耐酸化性に優れた希土類系ボンド磁石を製造することができる方法として注目に値するものである。しかしながら、上記の特許文献1において用いられるリン酸塩被膜処理液を含め、通常、リン酸塩被膜処理液と称されるものは、第一リン酸亜鉛や第一リン酸マンガンなどのリン酸塩を主な構成成分とし、これに反応促進剤としての酸化剤などを含んでなる水溶液である。従って、リン酸塩被膜処理液に希土類系磁石粉末を浸漬すると、磁石粉末が処理液成分と反応して処理液中に磁石粉末の構成成分であるRやFeが溶出してしまうことで磁石粉末の表面付近(表面から深さ1μm程度)が変質して磁石粉末の磁気特性が劣化するという問題がある。また、表面変質を起した希土類系磁石粉末の表面にリン酸塩被膜を形成しても、このような磁石粉末を用いて所定形状に成形した希土類系ボンド磁石は、磁気特性の初期低下が大きいという問題がある。さらに、リン酸塩被膜処理液は水を主体とするので、磁石粉末の表面に形成される被膜を構成するリン酸塩は水和物の形態をとることから、このような磁石粉末を用いて所定形状に成形した希土類系ボンド磁石は、実使用環境下で被膜に含まれる水分が磁石粉末の、ひいてはボンド磁石の経時的な磁気特性の劣化を促進させてしまうという問題がある。
そこで本発明は、耐酸化性に優れるとともに高い磁気特性を示す希土類系ボンド磁石を製造するために有用な、耐酸化性希土類系磁石粉末の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記の点に鑑みて種々の検討を行う過程において、リン酸を有機溶剤に含有せしめてなる処理液に、希土類系磁石粉末を浸漬して混合攪拌した後、加熱乾燥することで、希土類系磁石粉末に耐酸化性を付与することができることを確認し、さらに検討を重ねた結果、リン酸を有機溶剤に含有せしめてなる処理液に微量の金属イオンを添加すると、リン酸による希土類系磁石粉末への耐酸化性の付与効果が向上することを知見した。
【0007】
上記の知見に基づいてなされた本発明の耐酸化性希土類系磁石粉末の製造方法は、請求項1記載の通り、0.1重量%〜5重量%のリン酸と5ppm〜350ppmのCo,Zr,Vから選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属イオンを有機溶剤に含有せしめてなる処理液に、希土類系磁石粉末を浸漬して混合攪拌した後、加熱乾燥することを特徴とする。
また、請求項2記載の製造方法は、請求項1記載の製造方法において、加熱乾燥を真空中または不活性ガス雰囲気中50℃〜120℃にて行うことを特徴とする。
また、請求項3記載の製造方法は、請求項1または2記載の製造方法において、希土類系磁石粉末の平均粒径(長径)が200μm以下であることを特徴とする。
また、請求項4記載の製造方法は、請求項3記載の製造方法において、希土類系磁石粉末がHDDR磁石粉末であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の耐酸化性希土類系磁石粉末は、請求項5記載の通り、請求項1記載の製造方法により製造されてなることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の希土類系ボンド磁石用コンパウンドは、請求項6記載の通り、請求項5記載の耐酸化性希土類系磁石粉末と樹脂バインダとからなることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の希土類系ボンド磁石は、請求項7記載の通り、請求項6記載の希土類系ボンド磁石用コンパウンドを用いて所定形状に成形されてなることを特徴とする。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の耐酸化性希土類系磁石粉末の製造方法は、請求項1記載の通り、0.1重量%〜5重量%のリン酸と5ppm〜1000ppmの金属イオンを有機溶剤に含有せしめてなる処理液に、希土類系磁石粉末を浸漬して混合攪拌した後、加熱乾燥することを特徴とするものである。本発明によれば、希土類系磁石粉末に優れた耐酸化性を付与することができる。また、本発明において用いられる処理液は有機溶剤を主体とするので、上記の特許文献1に記載されている水を主体とするリン酸塩被膜処理液を用いた場合とは異なり、希土類系磁石粉末の表面付近が変質するといった問題などを極力回避することができるので、磁石粉末の磁気特性の劣化を防止することができる。従って、本発明の製造方法により製造される耐酸化性希土類系磁石粉末を用いれば、耐酸化性に優れるとともに高い磁気特性を示す希土類系ボンド磁石を製造することができる。
【0009】
本発明において用いられる0.1重量%〜5重量%のリン酸と5ppm〜1000ppmの金属イオンを有機溶剤に含有せしめてなる処理液は、例えば、有機溶剤に、リン酸と、所望する金属イオンを処理液中に含有せしめることができる金属塩や金属塩化物などを、処理液中におけるリン酸と金属イオンの含有量がそれぞれ所定量となるように、溶解させたり分散させたりすることによって調製することができる。
【0010】
ここで、有機溶剤としては、メチルアルコールやエチルアルコールやイソプロピルアルコールなどの低級アルコール、アセトニトリル、メチルエチルケトンなどの極性有機溶剤が好適である。
【0011】
また、リン酸としては、例えば、85%濃度のリン酸水溶液を用いることができる。処理液中におけるリン酸の含有量を0.1重量%〜5重量%と規定するのは、0.1重量%を下回ると、リン酸による希土類系磁石粉末への耐酸化性の付与効果が十分に発揮されないおそれがある一方、5重量%を上回ると、希土類系磁石粉末との反応が促進され、磁石粉末の磁気特性が劣化するおそれがあるからである。なお、処理液中におけるリン酸の含有量は、望ましくは0.3重量%〜3重量%である。
【0012】
また、金属イオンとしては、Cu,Co,Ni,Zr,V,Moなどが好適である。これらの金属イオンは、リン酸による希土類系磁石粉末への耐酸化性の付与効果を向上させることができる。金属イオンは、有機溶剤に、所望する金属イオンを生成する金属塩(金属の硫酸塩や金属酸のナトリウム塩など)や金属塩化物などを、処理液中における金属イオンの含有量が所定量となるように、溶解させたり分散させたりすることで含有せしめればよい。また、金属イオンは、処理液に、単独で含有せしめられてもよいし2種以上を混合して含有せしめられてもよい。処理液中における金属イオンの含有量を5ppm〜1000ppmと規定するのは、5ppmを下回ると、処理液中に金属イオンを含有せしめる効果が十分に発揮されないおそれがある一方、1000ppmを上回ると、処理液中への磁石粉末の構成成分であるRやFeの溶出量が増加して沈殿物を生成し、処理液の安定性に悪影響を与えるおそれがあるからである。なお、処理液中における金属イオンの含有量は、望ましくは20ppm〜500ppmであり、より望ましくは30ppm〜300ppmである。
【0013】
耐酸化性希土類系磁石粉末は、以上のようにして調製された処理液に、希土類系磁石粉末を浸漬して混合攪拌した後、加熱乾燥することにより製造される。
より具体的には、十分量の処理液に、希土類系磁石粉末を浸漬して混合攪拌した後、磁石粉末を濾取してからこれを加熱乾燥する。処理液に希土類系磁石粉末を浸漬して混合攪拌する時間は、希土類系磁石粉末量などにも依存するが、概ね1分〜20分である。希土類系磁石粉末の磁気特性の劣化を招くことなく磁石粉末に耐酸化性を付与するためには、加熱乾燥は、真空中または不活性ガス(窒素ガスやアルゴンガスなど)雰囲気中50℃〜120℃にて行うことが望ましい。加熱乾燥の時間は、希土類系磁石粉末量などにも依存するが、概ね1分〜1時間である。このようにして製造された耐酸化性希土類系磁石粉末は、磁石粉末が、膜厚が0.1μm以下のリン酸と金属を構成成分とする被膜により表面被覆されていると考えられ、さらなる検証が必要ではあるが、この被膜は、磁石粉末に由来する鉄とリン酸から生成するリン酸鉄中に微量の金属が固溶している形態で構成されていると推察される。
【0014】
上記の特許文献1に記載されているリン酸塩被膜処理液を用いた場合に起る、希土類系磁石粉末の表面付近が変質するといった現象は、とりわけ、平均粒径(長径)が小さい(例えば200μm以下)磁石粉末に対して磁気特性の劣化を顕著に引き起すことになる。しかしながら、本発明によれば、平均粒径(長径)が小さい希土類系磁石粉末、例えば、平均粒径が80μm〜100μm程度の、希土類系磁石合金を水素中で加熱して水素を吸蔵させた後、脱水素処理し、次いで冷却することによって得られる磁気的異方性のHDDR(Hydrogenation-Disproportionation-Desorption-Recombination)磁石粉末(特公平6−82575号公報参照)などに対しても、磁気特性の劣化を引き起すことなく優れた耐酸化性を付与することができるので、この点において本発明の耐酸化性希土類系磁石粉末の製造方法は利用価値が高い。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によってさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定して解釈されるものではない。
【0016】
実施例A:耐酸化性HDDR磁石粉末の製造その1とその特性
高周波溶解によって組成:Nd12.8原子%,Dy1.0原子%,B6.3原子%,Co14.8原子%,Ga0.5原子%,Zr0.09原子%,残部Feの鋳隗を作製し、アルゴンガス雰囲気中で1100℃×24時間焼鈍したものを酸素濃度0.5%以下のアルゴンガス雰囲気中で粉砕して平均粒径100μmの粗粉砕粉としてからこれを0.15MPaの水素ガス加圧雰囲気中で870℃×3時間の水素化熱処理を行い、その後、減圧(1kPa)アルゴンガス流気中で850℃×1時間の脱水素処理を行ってから冷却して製造したHDDR磁石粉末(平均結晶粒径0.4μm)を用いて以下の実験を行った。
【0017】
実験1:
リン酸を0.5重量%含有せしめてなるエチルアルコールに硫酸コバルトをCoイオンが70ppmとなるように添加して処理液1を調製した。
300ccの処理液1にHDDR磁石粉末100gを5分間浸漬して混合攪拌した後、処理済磁石粉末を濾取し、余分な処理液を除去してからこれを真空中(<10kPa)70℃で20分間加熱乾燥した。このようにして表面処理を行ったHDDR磁石粉末(サンプル磁石粉末1)に対し、大気中150℃で100時間加熱する加熱試験を行い、試験前に対する試験後における酸化による重量増加率を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0018】
実験2:
リン酸を0.5重量%含有せしめてなるエチルアルコールを用いて実験1と同様にして表面処理を行ったHDDR磁石粉末(比較サンプル磁石粉末)を得、これに対し、実験1と同様の加熱試験を行い、試験前に対する試験後における酸化による重量増加率を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0019】
実験3:
何らの表面処理も行っていないHDDR磁石粉末(対照サンプル磁石粉末)に対し、実験1と同様の加熱試験を行い、試験前に対する試験後における酸化による重量増加率を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0020】
【表1】
【0021】
表1から明らかなように、比較サンプル磁石粉末は、対照サンプル磁石粉末よりも酸化による重量増加率が遥かに少なかったが、サンプル磁石粉末1は、比較サンプル磁石粉末よりも酸化による重量増加率がさらに少なく、サンプル磁石粉末1は耐酸化性に優れることがわかった。
【0022】
実施例B:耐酸化性HDDR磁石粉末の製造その2とその特性および耐酸化性HDDR磁石粉末を用いたボンド磁石の製造とその特性
高周波溶解によって組成:Nd12.8原子%,B6.3原子%,Co14.8原子%,Ga0.5原子%,Zr0.09原子%,残部Feの鋳隗を作製し、アルゴンガス雰囲気中で1100℃×24時間焼鈍したものを酸素濃度0.5%以下のアルゴンガス雰囲気中で粉砕して平均粒径100μmの粗粉砕粉としてからこれを0.15MPaの水素ガス加圧雰囲気中で870℃×3時間の水素化熱処理を行い、その後、減圧(1kPa)アルゴンガス流気中で850℃×1時間の脱水素処理を行ってから冷却して製造したHDDR磁石粉末(平均結晶粒径0.4μm)を用いて以下の実験を行った。
【0023】
実験1:
実施例Aにおける処理液1を用いて実施例Aにおける実験1と同様にして表面処理を行ったHDDR磁石粉末を得た。また、エポキシ樹脂とフェノール系硬化剤を重量比率で100:3の割合でメチルエチルケトンに溶解して樹脂液を調製した。表面処理を行ったHDDR磁石粉末と樹脂液を、表面処理を行ったHDDR磁石粉末と樹脂液の合計重量に対する樹脂液の重量の比率が3.5%となるように均一混合した後、メチルエチルケトンを常温で蒸発させて粉末顆粒状の希土類系ボンド磁石用コンパウンドを得た。得られた希土類系ボンド磁石用コンパウンドを、960kA/mの磁場中において、加圧力588MPaで圧縮成形し、得られた成形体を150℃のアルゴンガス雰囲気中で1時間加熱してエポキシ樹脂を硬化させて、寸法が縦12.0mm×横7.6mm×高さ7.5mmで密度が5.9g/cm3のボンド磁石を製造した。こうして製造されたボンド磁石(サンプル磁石1)に対し、大気中150℃で100時間加熱する加熱試験を行い、試験前に対する試験後における酸化による重量増加率を測定した。また、サンプル磁石1に対して着磁を行った後、大気中100℃で100時間加熱する加熱試験と大気中150℃で100時間加熱する加熱試験を行い、それぞれの加熱試験について、試験前に対する試験後における磁束劣化率(不可逆減磁率)を測定した。さらに、大気中150℃で100時間加熱する加熱試験を行ったサンプル磁石1については再着磁を行い、加熱試験前に対する再着磁後における磁束劣化率(永久減磁率)を測定した。これらの結果を表2に示す。
【0024】
実験2:
リン酸を0.5重量%含有せしめてなるエチルアルコールにジルコン酸ナトリウムをZrイオンが200ppmとなるように添加するとともにバナジン酸ナトリウムをVイオンが150ppmとなるように添加して調製した処理液2を用いて実験1と同様にして表面処理を行ったHDDR磁石粉末を得、さらにボンド磁石を製造した。こうして製造されたボンド磁石(サンプル磁石2)に対し、実験1と同様の各種試験を行った。結果を表2に示す。
【0025】
実験3:
リン酸を0.5重量%含有せしめてなるエチルアルコールを用いて実験1と同様にして表面処理を行ったHDDR磁石粉末を得、さらにボンド磁石を製造した。こうして製造されたボンド磁石(比較サンプル磁石)に対し、実験1と同様の各種試験を行った。結果を表2に示す。
【0026】
実験4:
何らの表面処理も行っていないHDDR磁石粉末を用いて実験1と同様にしてボンド磁石を製造した。こうして製造されたボンド磁石(対照サンプル磁石)に対し、実験1と同様の各種試験を行った。結果を表2に示す。
【0027】
【表2】
【0028】
表2から明らかなように、比較サンプル磁石は、対照サンプル磁石よりも酸化による重量増加率も磁束劣化率も少なかったが、サンプル磁石1とサンプル磁石2は、比較サンプル磁石よりも酸化による重量増加率も磁束劣化率もさらに少なかった。サンプル磁石1とサンプル磁石2がこのような優れた特性を示すのは、優れた耐酸化性が付与されたHDDR磁石粉末を用いて所定形状に成形されていることに基づくものであるとともに、所定形状に成形する際の圧縮成形時や成形後においても、磁石粉末の表面損傷が抑制されていることで酸化が効果的に阻止されていることに基づくものである。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、耐酸化性に優れるとともに高い磁気特性を示す希土類系ボンド磁石を製造するために有用な、耐酸化性希土類系磁石粉末の製造方法が提供される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an oxidation-resistant rare earth magnet powder that is useful for producing a rare earth-based bonded magnet having excellent oxidation resistance and high magnetic properties.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Manufactured by molding rare earth magnet powder such as R-Fe-B magnet powder represented by Nd-Fe-B magnet powder into a predetermined shape using thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin as binder The rare-earth bonded magnets contain a resin binder and thus have lower magnetic properties than rare-earth sintered magnets, but still have sufficiently high magnetic properties compared to ferrite magnets. In addition, it has characteristics not found in rare-earth sintered magnets, such as the ability to easily obtain complex or thin-walled magnets and radial anisotropic magnets. Therefore, rare earth-based bonded magnets are often used particularly for small motors such as spindle motors and stepping motors, and the demand for them is increasing in recent years.
Rare earth magnet powders have high magnetic properties, but R and Fe occupy most of the composition, so that there is a problem that corrosion and oxidation are likely to occur. Therefore, in the production of rare-earth bonded magnets, first, a rare-earth magnet powder is mixed with a melted or melted (softened) resin binder, and the surface of the magnet powder is a powder granule called a compound coated with a resin binder. After preparing the raw material, this compound is injection-molded, compression-molded or extruded, and if the resin binder used is a thermosetting resin, it is further heated to cure the resin binder and molded into a predetermined shape. It becomes. However, even in the rare-earth bonded magnets manufactured in this way, if the rare-earth magnet powder is exposed on the surface, the magnet powder corrodes due to the presence of slight acid, alkali, moisture, etc. Since rust is generated or oxidation proceeds even in the atmosphere of about 100 ° C., for example, deterioration or variation in magnetic characteristics may be caused after assembly of the parts. In addition, epoxy resins and nylon resins that are widely used as resin binders have moisture and oxygen permeability. Therefore, in rare earth bond magnets using these resins as resin binders, it cannot be denied that the rare earth magnet powder may be corroded or oxidized by moisture or oxygen permeated through the resin. Furthermore, in view of the fact that rare earth magnet powders are susceptible to corrosion and oxidation, it is necessary to consider the temperature conditions during kneading when performing injection molding, and after molding when performing compression molding. It is necessary to perform the curing process in an inert gas atmosphere.
[0003]
In order to solve the above problems, for example, in Patent Document 1 below, the surface of a rare earth magnet powder is subjected to a phosphate coating treatment, and a rare earth magnet powder surface-coated with a phosphate coating is obtained. There has been proposed a method for manufacturing a rare earth-based bonded magnet that prevents oxidation deterioration due to use and molding into a predetermined shape.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-11304
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The method described in Patent Document 1 is notable as a method capable of producing a rare earth-based bonded magnet having excellent oxidation resistance. However, including the phosphate coating treatment solution used in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, what is usually called a phosphate coating treatment solution is a phosphate such as monobasic zinc phosphate or monomanganese phosphate. Is an aqueous solution comprising a main component and an oxidizing agent as a reaction accelerator. Therefore, when the rare earth magnet powder is immersed in the phosphate coating treatment liquid, the magnet powder reacts with the treatment liquid component and R and Fe, which are constituent components of the magnet powder, are eluted in the treatment liquid. There is a problem that the magnetic properties of the magnet powder are deteriorated due to deterioration in the vicinity of the surface (about 1 μm deep from the surface). Moreover, even if a phosphate coating is formed on the surface of a rare earth magnet powder that has undergone surface alteration, the rare earth bond magnet formed into a predetermined shape using such a magnet powder has a large initial deterioration in magnetic properties. There is a problem. Further, since the phosphate coating solution is mainly composed of water, the phosphate constituting the coating formed on the surface of the magnet powder takes the form of a hydrate. The rare earth-based bonded magnet formed into a predetermined shape has a problem that the moisture contained in the coating in the actual use environment promotes the deterioration of the magnetic properties of the bonded magnet over time due to the magnet powder.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an oxidation-resistant rare earth magnet powder that is useful for producing a rare earth-based bonded magnet having excellent oxidation resistance and high magnetic properties.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the course of conducting various studies in view of the above points, the present inventor immerses rare earth magnet powder in a treatment liquid containing phosphoric acid in an organic solvent, mixes and stirs, and then heat-drys. As a result of confirming that oxidation resistance can be imparted to the rare earth magnet powder and further studying it, when a trace amount of metal ions is added to a treatment liquid containing phosphoric acid in an organic solvent, phosphoric acid is added. It has been found that the effect of imparting oxidation resistance to rare earth magnet powders is improved.
[0007]
The manufacturing method of the oxidation-resistant rare earth magnet powder of the present invention based on the above knowledge is as described in claim 1, 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% phosphoric acid and 5 ppm to 350 ppm Co, Zr. , V , a rare earth-based magnet powder is immersed in a treatment liquid containing at least one metal ion selected from organic solvents in an organic solvent, mixed and stirred, and then heated and dried.
The manufacturing method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the manufacturing method according to claim 1, heat drying is performed at 50 ° C. to 120 ° C. in vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere.
The manufacturing method according to claim 3 is the manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rare earth magnet powder has an average particle size (major axis) of 200 μm or less.
The manufacturing method according to claim 4 is the manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the rare earth magnet powder is HDDR magnet powder.
Moreover, the oxidation-resistant rare earth magnet powder of the present invention is manufactured by the manufacturing method according to claim 1 as described in claim 5.
Moreover, the compound for rare earth based bonded magnets of the present invention comprises the oxidation resistant rare earth based magnetic powder according to claim 5 and a resin binder as described in claim 6.
Moreover, the rare earth-based bonded magnet of the present invention is characterized in that, as described in claim 7, the rare-earth bonded magnet is molded into a predetermined shape using the rare-earth bonded magnet compound according to claim 6.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The method for producing an oxidation-resistant rare earth magnet powder according to the present invention is a treatment comprising adding 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% phosphoric acid and 5 ppm to 1000 ppm of metal ions in an organic solvent as described in claim 1. A rare earth magnet powder is immersed in the liquid, mixed and stirred, and then heated and dried. According to the present invention, excellent oxidation resistance can be imparted to the rare earth magnet powder. In addition, since the treatment liquid used in the present invention is mainly composed of an organic solvent, unlike the case where the phosphate coating treatment liquid mainly composed of water described in Patent Document 1 is used, a rare earth magnet is used. Since the problem that the vicinity of the surface of the powder is altered can be avoided as much as possible, deterioration of the magnetic properties of the magnet powder can be prevented. Therefore, by using the oxidation-resistant rare earth magnet powder produced by the production method of the present invention, it is possible to produce a rare earth bond magnet that exhibits excellent oxidation resistance and high magnetic properties.
[0009]
The treatment liquid in which 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% phosphoric acid and 5 ppm to 1000 ppm metal ions used in the present invention are contained in an organic solvent is, for example, phosphoric acid and desired metal ions in an organic solvent. Prepared by dissolving or dispersing a metal salt or metal chloride that can be contained in the treatment liquid so that the phosphoric acid and metal ion contents in the treatment liquid become predetermined amounts, respectively. can do.
[0010]
Here, as the organic solvent, lower alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol, and polar organic solvents such as acetonitrile and methyl ethyl ketone are suitable.
[0011]
Moreover, as phosphoric acid, for example, an 85% concentration phosphoric acid aqueous solution can be used. The content of phosphoric acid in the treatment liquid is defined as 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight. When the content is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of imparting oxidation resistance to the rare earth magnet powder by phosphoric acid is increased. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5% by weight, the reaction with the rare earth magnet powder is promoted, and the magnetic properties of the magnet powder may be deteriorated. The content of phosphoric acid in the treatment liquid is desirably 0.3% by weight to 3% by weight.
[0012]
Moreover, Cu, Co, Ni, Zr, V, Mo, etc. are suitable as metal ions. These metal ions can improve the effect of imparting oxidation resistance to the rare earth magnet powder by phosphoric acid. Metal ions include metal salts (such as metal sulfates and sodium salts of metal acids) and metal chlorides that produce the desired metal ions in an organic solvent. Thus, it may be contained by dissolving or dispersing. Moreover, a metal ion may be contained independently in a process liquid, and 2 or more types may be mixed and contained. When the content of metal ions in the treatment liquid is defined as 5 ppm to 1000 ppm, if less than 5 ppm, the effect of containing metal ions in the treatment liquid may not be sufficiently exhibited. This is because the amount of elution of R and Fe, which are constituent components of the magnet powder, into the liquid increases and precipitates are generated, which may adversely affect the stability of the treatment liquid. In addition, content of the metal ion in a process liquid is 20 ppm-500 ppm desirably, More desirably, it is 30 ppm-300 ppm.
[0013]
The oxidation-resistant rare earth magnet powder is manufactured by immersing the rare earth magnet powder in the treatment liquid prepared as described above, mixing and stirring, and then drying by heating.
More specifically, after the rare earth magnet powder is immersed in a sufficient amount of the processing liquid and mixed and stirred, the magnet powder is filtered and then dried by heating. The time for immersing the rare earth magnet powder in the treatment liquid and mixing and stirring is approximately 1 to 20 minutes, although it depends on the amount of the rare earth magnet powder. In order to impart oxidation resistance to the magnet powder without deteriorating the magnetic properties of the rare earth magnet powder, heat drying is performed in a vacuum or in an inert gas (such as nitrogen gas or argon gas) atmosphere at 50 ° C. to 120 ° C. It is desirable to carry out at ° C. The drying time is generally 1 minute to 1 hour, although it depends on the amount of rare earth magnet powder. The oxidation-resistant rare earth magnet powder thus produced is considered to have a surface coated with a coating containing phosphoric acid and a metal as constituent components with a film thickness of 0.1 μm or less. However, this coating is presumed to be composed of a form in which a trace amount of metal is dissolved in iron phosphate produced from iron derived from magnet powder and phosphoric acid.
[0014]
The phenomenon that occurs when the phosphate coating treatment liquid described in Patent Document 1 described above is altered near the surface of the rare earth magnet powder has a particularly small average particle diameter (major diameter) (for example, (200 μm or less) The magnetic properties of the magnetic powder are significantly deteriorated. However, according to the present invention, after a rare earth magnet powder having a small average particle diameter (major axis), for example, a rare earth magnet alloy having an average particle diameter of about 80 μm to 100 μm is heated in hydrogen and occluded by hydrogen. , Magnetic anisotropy HDDR (Hydrogenation-Disproportionation-Desorption-Recombination) magnetic powder (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-82575) obtained by dehydrogenation and then cooling. Since excellent oxidation resistance can be imparted without causing deterioration, the production method of the oxidation-resistant rare earth magnet powder of the present invention is highly useful in this respect.
[0015]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is limited to this and is not interpreted.
[0016]
Example A: Production of oxidation resistant HDDR magnet powder No. 1 and its characteristics Composition by high frequency dissolution: Nd 12.8 atomic%, Dy 1.0 atomic%, B 6.3 atomic%, Co 14.8 atomic%, Ga 0.5 atomic %, Zr0.09 atomic%, balance Fe, cast iron, annealed at 1100 ° C. for 24 hours in an argon gas atmosphere, and pulverized in an argon gas atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 0.5% or less to obtain an average particle size 100 μm of coarsely pulverized powder is subjected to hydrogenation heat treatment at 870 ° C. for 3 hours in a hydrogen gas pressurized atmosphere of 0.15 MPa, and then at 850 ° C. for 1 hour in a reduced pressure (1 kPa) argon gas stream. The following experiment was performed using HDDR magnet powder (average crystal grain size 0.4 μm) produced by cooling after dehydrogenation.
[0017]
Experiment 1:
Treatment liquid 1 was prepared by adding cobalt sulfate to ethyl alcohol containing 0.5% by weight of phosphoric acid so that Co ions would be 70 ppm.
After immersing 100 g of HDDR magnet powder in 300 cc of treatment liquid 1 for 5 minutes and mixing and stirring, the treated magnet powder is filtered and the excess treatment liquid is removed, and then this is vacuumed (<10 kPa) at 70 ° C. Heat-dried for 20 minutes. A heating test in which the HDDR magnet powder (sample magnet powder 1) subjected to the surface treatment in this manner was heated at 150 ° C. in the atmosphere for 100 hours was measured, and the rate of weight increase due to oxidation after the test before the test was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0018]
Experiment 2:
An HDDR magnet powder (comparative sample magnet powder) surface-treated in the same manner as in Experiment 1 using ethyl alcohol containing 0.5% by weight of phosphoric acid was obtained. The test was performed, and the rate of weight increase due to oxidation after the test before the test was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0019]
Experiment 3:
The HDDR magnet powder (control sample magnet powder) that had not been subjected to any surface treatment was subjected to the same heating test as in Experiment 1, and the weight increase rate due to oxidation after the test before the test was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0020]
[Table 1]
[0021]
As is clear from Table 1, the comparative sample magnet powder had a much lower weight increase rate due to oxidation than the control sample magnet powder, but the sample magnet powder 1 had a higher weight increase rate due to oxidation than the comparative sample magnet powder. Furthermore, it was found that the sample magnet powder 1 was excellent in oxidation resistance.
[0022]
Example B: Production of oxidation-resistant HDDR magnet powder No. 2 and its characteristics and production of bonded magnet using oxidation-resistant HDDR magnet powder and its characteristics Composition by high frequency dissolution: Nd 12.8 atomic%, B 6.3 atomic% , Co 14.8 atomic%, Ga 0.5 atomic%, Zr 0.09 atomic%, balance Fe made of cast iron, and annealed in an argon gas atmosphere at 1100 ° C. for 24 hours with an oxygen concentration of 0.5% or less After pulverization in an argon gas atmosphere to obtain a coarsely pulverized powder having an average particle size of 100 μm, this was subjected to a hydrogenation heat treatment at 870 ° C. for 3 hours in a hydrogen gas pressurized atmosphere of 0.15 MPa, and then reduced pressure (1 kPa) argon The following experiment was conducted using HDDR magnet powder (average crystal grain size 0.4 μm) produced by cooling after dehydrogenation treatment at 850 ° C. for 1 hour in a gas stream.
[0023]
Experiment 1:
Using the treatment liquid 1 in Example A, an HDDR magnet powder that was surface-treated in the same manner as in Experiment 1 in Example A was obtained. Further, a resin solution was prepared by dissolving an epoxy resin and a phenolic curing agent in methyl ethyl ketone at a weight ratio of 100: 3. After the surface-treated HDDR magnet powder and the resin liquid are uniformly mixed so that the ratio of the weight of the resin liquid to the total weight of the surface-treated HDDR magnet powder and the resin liquid is 3.5%, methyl ethyl ketone is added. Evaporated at room temperature to obtain a powdered granular compound for rare earth bonded magnet. The obtained compound for rare earth bond magnet was compression molded at a pressure of 588 MPa in a magnetic field of 960 kA / m, and the resulting molded body was heated in an argon gas atmosphere at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to cure the epoxy resin. Thus, a bonded magnet having a size of 12.0 mm long × 7.6 mm wide × 7.5 mm high and a density of 5.9 g / cm 3 was manufactured. The thus-produced bonded magnet (sample magnet 1) was subjected to a heating test in which it was heated in air at 150 ° C. for 100 hours, and the weight increase rate due to oxidation after the test before the test was measured. Moreover, after magnetizing the sample magnet 1, a heating test in which heating is performed at 100 ° C. in the atmosphere for 100 hours and a heating test in which heating is performed at 150 ° C. in the atmosphere for 100 hours are performed. The magnetic flux deterioration rate (irreversible demagnetization factor) after the test was measured. Furthermore, remagnetization was performed on the sample magnet 1 that was subjected to a heating test that was heated at 150 ° C. for 100 hours in the atmosphere, and the magnetic flux deterioration rate (permanent demagnetization factor) after remagnetization before the heating test was measured. These results are shown in Table 2.
[0024]
Experiment 2:
Treatment solution 2 prepared by adding sodium zirconate to ethyl alcohol containing 0.5% by weight of phosphoric acid so that the Zr ion becomes 200 ppm and sodium vanadate so that the V ion becomes 150 ppm. The HDDR magnet powder which surface-treated like Example 1 using this was obtained, and also the bonded magnet was manufactured. Various tests similar to those in Experiment 1 were performed on the manufactured bonded magnet (sample magnet 2). The results are shown in Table 2.
[0025]
Experiment 3:
An HDDR magnet powder subjected to surface treatment in the same manner as in Experiment 1 using ethyl alcohol containing 0.5% by weight of phosphoric acid was obtained, and a bonded magnet was manufactured. Various tests similar to those in Experiment 1 were performed on the manufactured bonded magnet (comparative sample magnet). The results are shown in Table 2.
[0026]
Experiment 4:
A bonded magnet was produced in the same manner as in Experiment 1 using HDDR magnet powder that had not been subjected to any surface treatment. Various tests similar to those in Experiment 1 were performed on the bond magnet thus manufactured (control sample magnet). The results are shown in Table 2.
[0027]
[Table 2]
[0028]
As is apparent from Table 2, the comparative sample magnet had a smaller weight increase rate due to oxidation and a magnetic flux deterioration rate than the control sample magnet, but the sample magnet 1 and the sample magnet 2 had a weight increase due to oxidation than the comparative sample magnet. The rate and the magnetic flux deterioration rate were even lower. The reason why the sample magnet 1 and the sample magnet 2 exhibit such excellent characteristics is that the sample magnet 1 and the sample magnet 2 are based on being molded into a predetermined shape using HDDR magnet powder having excellent oxidation resistance. This is based on the fact that oxidation is effectively prevented by suppressing the surface damage of the magnet powder even during compression molding or after molding when molding into a shape.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the manufacturing method of an oxidation-resistant rare earth-based magnet powder useful for manufacturing the rare earth-based bonded magnet which is excellent in oxidation resistance and exhibits high magnetic properties is provided.
Claims (7)
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