JP4497566B2 - Aldose reductase inhibitors and novel saponins and novel sapogenols - Google Patents
Aldose reductase inhibitors and novel saponins and novel sapogenols Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アルドース還元酵素阻害剤に関する。
また、本発明は、新規サポニン及び新規サポゲノール、特にツボクサ抽出物に含まれる新規サポニン及び新規サポゲノールに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、我国において糖尿病患者数は、急激に増加しており、潜在的患者数を含めると、約600万人と推定されている。最近、糖尿病性末梢神経障害や糖尿病性白内障とポリオール代謝異常との関連性が明らかになりつつある。すなわち、グルコースをソルビトールに変える酵素(アルドース還元酵素、以下、本明細書中で「AR」ということもある。)は、正常血糖値ではほとんど活性を示さないが、高血糖になると急激に活性が上昇し、細胞内にソルビトールが蓄積する。ソルビトールは、代謝されにくく、かつ細胞膜を殆ど通過できないので、細胞内にソルビトールが蓄積すると、細胞内の浸透圧が高まり、細胞の障害を引き起こすことになる。従って、糖尿病性末梢神経障害に伴う症状や糖尿病性白内障の予防や改善を図るためには、ARを阻害する必要がある。
【0003】
ARを阻害する薬剤として、エパルレスタットのような合成AR阻害剤が開発され、臨床的に用いられている。しかし、合成AR阻害剤は、発疹、吐き気、倦怠感、めまいなどの副作用があるという問題がある。
【0004】
一方、天然物由来のARを阻害する化合物としては、ケルセチン(quercetin )などのフラボノイド(Varma S.D. and Kinoshita J.H., Biochem. Pharmacol., 25, 1976, 2505)やイソリクイリチゲニン(isoliqiritigenin)などのカルコン類(Aida et al., Planta Med., 55, 1989, 22)などが知られているが、実用性に問題がある。
【0005】
従って、安全で有効で、実用性のあるAR阻害剤の開発が望まれている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、容易にARを阻害することができ、それにより糖尿病性末梢神経障害に伴う症状や糖尿病性白内障の予防や改善をもたらすことのできるアルドース還元酵素阻害剤を提供することにある。
また、本発明の別の目的は、新規サポニン及び新規サポゲノールを提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を重ねてきたところ、従来中国で、下痢、腹痛、黄疸の治療に用いられており、またツボクサに含まれるサポニン類に創傷治癒促進効果が知られているツボクサ抽出物を使用すると、容易にARを阻害することができ、それにより糖尿病性末梢神経障害に伴う症状や糖尿病性白内障の予防や改善をもたらすことができることを見い出して本発明を完成した。
また、ツボクサ抽出物中に、新規サポニン及び新規サポゲノールを含有することを見い出して本発明を完成した。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明は以下の通りである。
▲1▼ ツボクサの低級アルコール抽出物を有効成分とするアルドース還元酵素阻害剤。
▲2▼ ツボクサの低級アルコール抽出物を、さらに酢酸エチル抽出した抽出物を有効成分とするアルドース還元酵素阻害剤。
▲3▼ 少なくともペツレチン、ケンフェロール−3−O−β−D−グルクロピラノシド、2,5−ジヒドロキシ−安息香酸、センテラサポゲノールAから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含有するアルドース還元酵素阻害剤。
▲4▼ 一般式
【0009】
【化2】
【0010】
で示される化合物。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に使用できるツボクサ(Centella asiatica (L.) URBAN)は、セリ科植物であり、アジア各地に広く分布する多年性の草木である。
本発明に使用できるツボクサは、AR阻害活性化合物を有するものであれば、特に制限されない。好ましくは、強いAR阻害活性を有するベトナム産ツボクサである。
【0012】
新規サポニンであるセンテラサポニンAおよび新規サポゲノールであるセンテラサポゲノールAは、ツボクサの全草中に含まれているので、当該植物から単離・精製することによって取得することができる。
【0013】
本発明においてツボクサの低級アルコール抽出物は、例えばメタノール、エタノールなどの低級アルコールで抽出することで得られる。アルコール抽出は、例えば上記ツボクサの細切あるいは粗切に抽出溶媒を加えて浸漬し、2〜4時間浸出させた後に、残渣を除去して得る。アルコール抽出は、1回でもよく、複数回(例えば3回)行ってもよい。アルコール抽出は、75〜85℃で行うのが通常である。得られたアルコール抽出液の溶媒は、例えば減圧留去等の手段等によって除去して抽出物を得る。
ツボクサと低級アルコールの混合比(体積)は、抽出工程全体で、通常1:10程度である。
【0014】
このようにして得られたツボクサの低級アルコール抽出物は、さらに、水に分散させ、例えば酢酸エチルのような有機溶媒を加えて、有機溶媒可溶性分画を得てもよい。このような有機溶媒可溶性分画は、AR阻害活性物質を多く含有しているので、好ましい。
【0015】
ツボクサの低級アルコール抽出物には、少なくとも、次式で示されるペツレチン(petuletin )
【0016】
【化3】
【0017】
、次式で示されるケンフェロール−3−O−β−D−グルクロピラノシド(kaempferol-3-O- β-D-glucuropyranoside)
【0018】
【化4】
【0019】
、2,5−ジヒドロキシ−安息香酸、次式で示されるセンテラサポゲノールA(centellasapogenol A )
【0020】
【化5】
【0021】
から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含んでいればよい。これらの化合物は、AR阻害活性を有するからである。好ましい含有物は、ペツレチン、ケンフェロール−3−O−β−D−グルクロピラノシドである。これらの化合物は、特に強いAR阻害活性を有しているからである。
【0022】
これらの化合物は、上記有機溶媒可溶性分画に多く含まれるが、この有機溶媒可溶性分画をさらに、カラムクロマトグラフィーや高速液体クロマトグラフィーに供することで単離できる。このように有機溶媒可溶性分画をカラムクロマトグラフィーなどに供することで、新規サポゲノールであるセンテラサポゲノールAを得ることができる。使用できる吸着剤は、特に制限されないが、例えば、シリカゲル、オクタデシルシリル化したシリカゲル(ODS)などが使用できる。
【0023】
ツボクサの低級アルコール抽出物を有効成分とするアルドース還元酵素阻害剤は、ヒト、ウシ、ウマ等の哺乳動物に対してアルドース還元酵素の活性を抑制・阻害する作用を有する。従って、これを摂取することにより、アルドース還元酵素の活性が抑制ないし阻害され、細胞内でグルコースからソルビトールへの変化が抑制ないし阻害されるため、細胞内のソルビトールの蓄積を抑制でき、細胞内の浸透圧を低く維持でき、その結果糖尿病性末梢神経障害に伴う症状や糖尿病性白内障の予防や改善をすることができる。
【0024】
上記のようにして得られたツボクサの低級アルコール抽出物を本発明のアルドース還元酵素阻害剤として用いる場合、医薬上許容される添加剤(例えば担体、賦形剤、希釈剤、結合剤、滑沢剤、可溶化剤、安定化剤、保存剤など)などを適宜配合し、公知の方法を用いて粉末、顆粒、錠剤、カプセル剤、シロップ剤、注射剤などの投与に適した態様で製剤化し、経口的または非経口的に投与することができる。
【0025】
上記製剤中には、ツボクサ低級アルコール抽出物の有効量が配合される。投与量は、投与ルート、症状、患者の体重あるいは年齢などによって適宜選択されるが、例えば、成人患者に経口投与する場合、酢酸エチル可溶性分画を用いる場合、1回当たり約0.5gを1日1〜4回投与するのが望ましい。
【0026】
また、新規サポニンである下式で表されるセンテラサポニンA(centellasaponin A )
【0027】
【化6】
【0028】
は、水可溶性分画に多く含まれている。従って、センテラサポニンAは、この水可溶性分画から単離することで得られる。センテラサポニンAを水可溶性分画から単離する方法は、特に制限されないが、例えば、カラムクロマトグラフィーや高速液体クロマトグラフィーを使用してもよい。使用できる吸着剤は、特に制限されないが、例えば、シリカゲル、ODSなどが使用できる。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明し、試験例によって本発明の効果を明らかにするが、これらは単なる例示であり、本発明はこれらにより何ら限定されるものではない。
【0030】
実施例1
ツボクサの低級アルコール抽出物の抽出方法
ツボクサの低級アルコール抽出物の抽出および後述する試験例2の各AR阻害活性物質の単離は、図1に示す手順で行った。
【0031】
ベトナム産ツボクサ3kgにメタノール10Lを加え、熱時(80℃、3時間)抽出を行い、濾過し、抽出液を得た。同様の操作を全部で3回繰り返した。抽出液を合わせ、メタノールを減圧留去し、メタノール抽出物546gを得た。このメタノール抽出物を3Lの水に分散させた後、酢酸エチル3Lを用いて酢酸エチルに可溶なツボクサ成分を抽出した。この抽出液から、酢酸エチルを減圧留去し、酢酸エチル可溶性分画168gを得た。また、水相も減圧下、水を留去し、凍結乾燥後水可溶性分画483gを得た。
酢酸エチル可溶性分画を図1に示した方法で分離し、マデカシックアシッド(madecassic acid )(0.034%)、センテラサポゲノールA(0.00073%)、ケンフェロール−3−O−β−D−グルクロピラノシド(0.0017%)、ペツレチン(0.00060%)、2,5−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸(0.00041%)を単離した。
また、水可溶性分画を図2に示した方法で分離し、マデカソシド(madecassoside )(0.66%)、アジアチコシド(asiaticoside)(0.078%)、シェフォレオシドA(scheffoleoside A)(0.014%)、センテラサポニンA(0.0092%)、アジアテックアシッド(asiatic acid)(0.0087%)、マデカシックアシッド(madecassic acid )(0.11%)を単離した。
【0032】
試験例1
アルドース還元酵素阻害効果評価試験
Dufranらの方法[Biochem. Med. 32, 99(1984) 〕を一部改変した実験を行った。
【0033】
酵素液としては、ウィスター系雄性ラット(体重約150〜300g)の20匹分の水晶体を10mMの2−メルカプトエタノールを含むリン酸緩衝液(135mM、pH7.0)50mL中でホモジネートした後、100000×gで30分間遠心分離し、上清液を用いた。この酵素液は、−20℃以下で凍結保存し、用時解凍し、リン酸緩衝液にて5〜20倍に希釈して用いた。
【0034】
反応液は、リン酸緩衝液(135mM、pH7.0)0.5mL中に、硫酸リチウム(100mM)、還元型ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸(NADPH)(0.03mM)、基質としてDL−グリセルアルデヒド(1mM)、酵素液(0.1mL)、およびジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)に溶解した被験物を含む液(0.025mL)を含むように調整した。
【0035】
反応は、NADPHを上記濃度になるように反応液に加えることで開始した。反応液を30℃に保った状態でNADPHを反応液に加えて、反応を開始させた。30分後に0.5Nの塩酸0.15mLを加えて、反応を停止させた。次に、10mMのイミダゾールを含む6Nの水酸化ナトリウム溶液0.5mLを加え、60℃で10分間加熱して、DL−グリセルアルデヒドの還元化物であるグリセロールとともに生成したNADPを蛍光物質に変え、蛍光強度を測定した(励起波長360nm、測定波長460nm)。
【0036】
ツボクサメタノール抽出物、酢酸エチル可溶性分画、および水可溶性分画のそれぞれの濃度−阻害曲線から、50%阻害濃度(IC50値)を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
【0037】
【表1】
【0038】
以上の結果から、ツボクサメタノール抽出物、および酢酸エチル可溶性分画が高いAR阻害活性を示すことがわかった。
【0039】
試験例2
実施例1で得られた酢酸エチル可溶性分画(原料の5.6重量%)をシリカゲルを吸着剤として、カラムクロマトグラフィーに供した。移動相は、n−ヘキサン−酢酸エチル混液〔(30:1)→(10:1)→(1:1)〕→酢酸エチル→クロロホルム−メタノール−水混液〔(10:3:1)→(6:4:1)〕→メタノールを用いた。得られた各フラクションのうち、フラクション8(原料の0.63重量%)の50%阻害濃度(IC50値)は、0.24μg/mLであった。このフラクション8を、シリカゲルを吸着剤として、カラムクロマトグラフィーに供した。移動相は、クロロホルム−メタノール−水混液〔(30:3:1)→(10:3:1)→(6:4:1)〕→メタノールを用いた。得られた各フラクションのうち、フラクション8−5(原料の0.094重量%)、8−9(原料の0.082重量%)、8−10(原料の0.052重量%)をそれぞれODS(富士シリシア化学(株)製、Chromatorex ODS )を吸着剤としたカラムクロマトグラフィーに供した。移動相は、メタノール−水混液〔(70:30)→(90:10)〕→メタノールを用いた。得られた各フラクションをさらに、ODSカラム(YMC Co., ltd製 YMC-Pack R&D)を使用したHPLCに供した。移動相は、メタノール−水混液(70:30)を使用した。フラクション8−5からセンテラサポゲノールA(原料の0.00073重量%)を、フラクション8−9からペツレチン(原料の0.00060重量%)、ケンフェロール−3−O−β−D−グルクロピラノシド(原料の0.0017重量%)を、フラクション8−10から2,5−ジヒドロキシ−安息香酸(原料の0.00041重量%)をそれぞれ単離、精製し、各物質のアルドース還元酵素の阻害効果を試験例1と同様に評価し、50%阻害濃度(IC50値)を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
【0040】
【表2】
【0041】
以上の結果から、ペツレチン、ケンフェロール−3−O−β−D−グルクロピラノシド、2,5−ジヒドロキシ−安息香酸、センテラサポゲノールAは、アルドース還元酵素を阻害できることがわかった。また、ペツレチンとケンフェロール−3−O−β−D−グルクロピラノシドは、高いアルドース還元酵素の阻害能を有することが判った。
【0042】
センテラサポゲノールAの物性
上記抽出方法により得られたセンテラサポゲノールAは、無色微細結晶であり、その物理化学性は次の通りである。
mp. 247.1 〜251.3 ℃
1H-MNR(500MHz, pyridine-d5) δ 0.84, 0.96, 1.06,
1.08, 1.17, 1.18(3H each all s, 29, 30, 24, 25, 27, 26-H3),
4.26(1H, m, 2-H), 4.18(1H, d, J=11.0, 3-H), 3.72(1H, m, 23-H),
4.19(1H, m, 23-H).
13C-MNR(500MHz, pyridine-d5) δc 14.2, 18.2, 18.5,
18.6, 21.3, 22.3, 24.5, 25.6, 27.9, 32.4, 33.0, 33.7,
35.1, 36.5, 37.5, 38.8, 41.6, 42.0, 43.6, 44.9, 48.2,
48.3, 49.2, 51.3, 66.8, 69.2, 78.5, 128.0, 137.8, 165.3.
〔α〕D 28-26.6 °(MeOH)
IR(KBr, cm-1) : 3431, 1698, 1046
HRMS Calcd for C30H48O5Na(M+Na) + : 511.3420
Found : 511.3399
【0043】
試験例3
センテラサポニンAの単離は、図2に示す手順で行った。
【0044】
実施例1で得られた水可溶性分画(原料の12.6重量%)をODS(富士シリシア化学(株)製、Chromatorex ODS )を吸着剤として、カラムクロマトグラフィーに供した。移動相は、水→メタノール→クロロホルム−メタノール−水混液(6:4:1)を用いた。得られた各フラクションのうち、フラクション3(原料の1.66重量%)をODS(富士シリシア化学(株)製、Chromatorex ODS )を吸着剤として、カラムクロマトグラフィーに供した。移動相は、メタノール−水混液〔(50:50)→(60:40)→(70:30)→(80:20)〕→メタノールを使用した。得られた各フラクションのうち、フラクション3−2(原料の0.88重量%)をODSカラム(YMC Co., ltd製 YMC-Pack R&D)を使用したHPLCに供した。移動相は、メタノール−水混液(60:40)を用いた。得られた各フラクションのうち、フラクション3−2からセンテラサポニンA(原料の0.0092重量%)を単離した。
得られたセンテラサポニンAは、無色微細結晶であり、その物理化学性は次の通りである。
mp. 197.9 〜200.9 ℃
1H-MNR(500MHz, pyridine-d5) δ 0.77, 0.94, 1.01,
1.06, 1.09, 1.17(3H, each all s, 29, 30, 24, 25, 27, 26-H3),
1.68(3H, d, J=5.96‘’‘-H), 4.98(1H, d, J=7.91''-H),
5.79(1H, s, 1‘’‘-H), 6.24(1H, d, J=7.91'-H).
13C-MNR(500MHz, pyridine-d5) δc 14.4, 18.3, 18.7, 18.7,
18.8, 21.4, 22.4, 24.7, 25.7, 27.8, 32.5, 33.1, 33.6, 35.1,
36.3, 37.3, 38.9, 41.6, 42.2, 43.8, 45.0, 48.3, 48.4, 49.2,
51.3, 61.7, 66.8, 69.4, 69.8, 70.6, 71.7, 72.8, 73.0, 74.1,
74.2, 75.5, 76.8, 77.4, 78.4, 78.6, 79.0, 79.0, 96.1, 103.0,
105.1, 128.4, 139.0, 176.1.
〔α〕D 24-33.4 °(pyridine)
IR(KBr, cm-1) : 3436, 1655, 1070
HRMS Calcd for C48H78O19Na(M+Na) + : 981.5035
Found : 981.5048
【0045】
【発明の効果】
本発明のツボクサの低級アルコール抽出物は、アルドース還元酵素阻害活性を有し、それにより糖尿病性末梢神経障害に伴う症状や糖尿病性白内障の予防や改善をもたらすことができる。
また、本発明のツボクサ抽出物中に、新規サポニン及び新規サポゲノールを含有する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ツボクサの低級アルコール抽出物の抽出および各AR阻害活性物質の単離の手順を示す図である。
【図2】センテラサポニンAの単離の手順を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an aldose reductase inhibitor.
The present invention also relates to a novel saponin and a novel sapogenol, in particular, a novel saponin and a novel sapogenol contained in a camellia extract.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the number of diabetic patients in Japan has been increasing rapidly, and including the number of potential patients is estimated to be about 6 million. Recently, the relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic cataract and abnormalities of polyol metabolism is becoming clear. That is, an enzyme that converts glucose into sorbitol (aldose reductase, hereinafter also referred to as “AR” in the present specification) shows little activity at normoglycemia, but rapidly becomes active when hyperglycemia occurs. It rises and sorbitol accumulates in the cell. Since sorbitol is hardly metabolized and hardly passes through the cell membrane, accumulation of sorbitol in the cell increases the osmotic pressure in the cell and causes cell damage. Therefore, it is necessary to inhibit AR in order to prevent or improve symptoms associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic cataract.
[0003]
Synthetic AR inhibitors such as epalrestat have been developed and clinically used as drugs that inhibit AR. However, synthetic AR inhibitors have problems such as side effects such as rash, nausea, malaise and dizziness.
[0004]
On the other hand, compounds that inhibit AR derived from natural products include flavonoids such as quercetin (Varma SD and Kinoshita JH, Biochem. Pharmacol., 25, 1976, 2505) and isoliqiritigenin (isoliqiritigenin). Chalcones (Aida et al., Planta Med., 55, 1989, 22) are known, but have problems in practicality.
[0005]
Therefore, development of safe, effective and practical AR inhibitors is desired.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an aldose reductase inhibitor that can easily inhibit AR and thereby prevent or improve symptoms associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic cataract. .
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel saponin and a novel sapogenol.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to solve the above problems, and have been used in the treatment of diarrhea, abdominal pain, jaundice in China, and are effective in promoting wound healing in saponins contained in camellia. The present invention finds that the use of the extract of communis known in the art can easily inhibit AR, thereby leading to the prevention and improvement of symptoms associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic cataract. Was completed.
Further, the present invention was completed by discovering that the centella extract contains a novel saponin and a novel sapogenol.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) An aldose reductase inhibitor comprising a lower alcohol extract of Clover as an active ingredient.
(2) An aldose reductase inhibitor comprising, as an active ingredient, an extract obtained by further extracting ethyl acetate with a lower alcohol extract of camellia.
(3) Inhibition of aldose reductase containing at least one selected from petletine, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-gluclopyranoside, 2,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid and centerasapogenol A Agent.
▲ 4 ▼ General formula [0009]
[Chemical formula 2]
[0010]
A compound represented by
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Centella asiatica (L.) URBAN, which can be used in the present invention, is a periaceae plant and is a perennial plant widely distributed throughout Asia.
There are no particular restrictions on the centella used in the present invention as long as it has an AR inhibitory compound. Preferably, it is a Vietnamese camellia having strong AR inhibitory activity.
[0012]
Since the new saponin Centella saponin A and the new sapogenol Centella saponin A are contained in the whole plant of camellia, they can be obtained by isolation and purification from the plant.
[0013]
In the present invention, the lower alcohol extract of Clover is obtained by extracting with a lower alcohol such as methanol or ethanol. Alcohol extraction is obtained, for example, by adding an extraction solvent to the above-mentioned finely chopped or coarsely cut crumbs and immersing them for 2 to 4 hours and then removing the residue. The alcohol extraction may be performed once or a plurality of times (for example, three times). The alcohol extraction is usually performed at 75 to 85 ° C. The solvent of the obtained alcohol extract is removed by means such as distillation under reduced pressure to obtain an extract.
The mixing ratio (volume) of the amber and the lower alcohol is usually about 1:10 in the whole extraction process.
[0014]
The lower alcohol extract of the crabs obtained in this way may be further dispersed in water, and an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate may be added to obtain an organic solvent-soluble fraction. Such an organic solvent-soluble fraction is preferable because it contains a large amount of an AR inhibitory active substance.
[0015]
The lower alcohol extract of centella is at least petuletin represented by the following formula:
[0016]
[Chemical 3]
[0017]
Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuropyranoside represented by the following formula:
[0018]
[Formula 4]
[0019]
2,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, centellasapogenol A represented by the following formula
[0020]
[Chemical formula 5]
[0021]
It should just contain at least 1 type chosen from. This is because these compounds have AR inhibitory activity. The preferred contents are petletin, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-gluclopyranoside. This is because these compounds have particularly strong AR inhibitory activity.
[0022]
Many of these compounds are contained in the organic solvent-soluble fraction, and the organic solvent-soluble fraction can be further isolated by subjecting it to column chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography. Thus, by using the organic solvent-soluble fraction for column chromatography or the like, Centella sapogenol A, which is a novel sapogenol, can be obtained. The adsorbent that can be used is not particularly limited. For example, silica gel, octadecylsilylated silica gel (ODS), and the like can be used.
[0023]
An aldose reductase inhibitor comprising a lower alcohol extract of camellia as an active ingredient has an action of suppressing or inhibiting the activity of aldose reductase on mammals such as humans, cows and horses. Therefore, by ingesting this, the activity of aldose reductase is suppressed or inhibited, and the change from glucose to sorbitol is suppressed or inhibited in the cell, so that the accumulation of sorbitol in the cell can be suppressed, The osmotic pressure can be kept low, and as a result, symptoms associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic cataract can be prevented or improved.
[0024]
In the case of using the lower alcohol extract of communis obtained as described above as the aldose reductase inhibitor of the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable additives (for example, carriers, excipients, diluents, binders, lubricants) Preparations, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, etc.) are formulated as appropriate and formulated in a manner suitable for administration of powders, granules, tablets, capsules, syrups, injections, etc. using known methods. Can be administered orally or parenterally.
[0025]
In the above preparation, an effective amount of the extract of Cyprus lower alcohol is blended. The dose is appropriately selected depending on the administration route, symptoms, patient weight or age, etc. For example, when orally administered to an adult patient, when using an ethyl acetate soluble fraction, about 0.5 g per dose is 1 It is desirable to administer 1 to 4 times a day.
[0026]
In addition, centellasaponin A (centellasaponin A) represented by the following formula, which is a new saponin
[0027]
[Chemical 6]
[0028]
Is abundant in water-soluble fractions. Therefore, Centerasaponin A can be obtained by isolation from this water-soluble fraction. The method for isolating the Centella saponin A from the water-soluble fraction is not particularly limited, and for example, column chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography may be used. The adsorbent that can be used is not particularly limited, and for example, silica gel, ODS, and the like can be used.
[0029]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, and the effects of the present invention will be clarified by test examples. However, these are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0030]
Example 1
Extraction method of lower alcohol extract of communis Extraction of lower alcohol extract of communis and isolation of each AR inhibitory active substance in Test Example 2 described later were performed according to the procedure shown in FIG.
[0031]
10 L of methanol was added to 3 kg of Vietnamese camellia, extraction was performed while hot (80 ° C., 3 hours), and filtered to obtain an extract. The same operation was repeated three times. The extracts were combined, and methanol was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 546 g of a methanol extract. The methanol extract was dispersed in 3 L of water, and then 3 parts of ethyl acetate was used to extract a tsubo quasi component soluble in ethyl acetate. From this extract, ethyl acetate was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 168 g of an ethyl acetate soluble fraction. Moreover, water was also distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 483 g of a water-soluble fraction after lyophilization.
The ethyl acetate soluble fraction was separated by the method shown in FIG. 1, and madecassic acid (0.034%), centerasapogenol A (0.00073%), kaempferol-3-O. -Β-D-gluclopyranoside (0.0017%), petletine (0.00060%), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (0.00041%) were isolated.
In addition, the water-soluble fraction was separated by the method shown in FIG. 2, and madecassoside (0.66%), asiaticoside (0.078%), chephoreoside A (scheffoleoside A) (0 .014%), Centerasaponin A (0.0092%), Asiatic acid (0.0087%), Madecassic acid (0.11%) were isolated.
[0032]
Test example 1
Aldose reductase inhibitory effect evaluation test
An experiment was carried out by partially modifying the method of Dufran et al. [Biochem. Med. 32, 99 (1984)].
[0033]
As the enzyme solution, 20 lenses of Wistar male rats (body weight: about 150 to 300 g) were homogenized in 50 mL of phosphate buffer (135 mM, pH 7.0) containing 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and then 100,000. Centrifugation was performed at xg for 30 minutes and the supernatant was used. This enzyme solution was stored frozen at −20 ° C. or lower, thawed at the time of use, and diluted 5 to 20 times with a phosphate buffer.
[0034]
The reaction solution was mixed with 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer (135 mM, pH 7.0), lithium sulfate (100 mM), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (0.03 mM), DL-glycol as a substrate. Serum aldehyde (1 mM), enzyme solution (0.1 mL), and a solution (0.025 mL) containing a test substance dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were prepared.
[0035]
The reaction was started by adding NADPH to the reaction solution to the above concentration. NADPH was added to the reaction solution while maintaining the reaction solution at 30 ° C. to initiate the reaction. After 30 minutes, 0.15 mL of 0.5N hydrochloric acid was added to stop the reaction. Next, 0.5 mL of 6N sodium hydroxide solution containing 10 mM imidazole was added and heated at 60 ° C. for 10 minutes to convert NADP produced together with glycerol which is a reduced product of DL-glyceraldehyde into a fluorescent substance, The fluorescence intensity was measured (excitation wavelength 360 nm, measurement wavelength 460 nm).
[0036]
A 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 value) was calculated from the concentration-inhibition curves of the centella methanol extract, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and the water soluble fraction. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0037]
[Table 1]
[0038]
From the above results, it was found that the centella methanol extract and the ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed high AR inhibitory activity.
[0039]
Test example 2
The ethyl acetate soluble fraction (5.6% by weight of the raw material) obtained in Example 1 was subjected to column chromatography using silica gel as an adsorbent. The mobile phase was mixed with n-hexane-ethyl acetate [(30: 1) → (10: 1) → (1: 1)] → ethyl acetate → chloroform-methanol-water mixture [(10: 3: 1) → ( 6: 4: 1)] → Methanol was used. Among the obtained fractions, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 value) of fraction 8 (0.63% by weight of the raw material) was 0.24 μg / mL. This
[0040]
[Table 2]
[0041]
From the above results, it was found that petuletin, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-gluclopyranoside, 2,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, and centerasapogenol A can inhibit aldose reductase. . Petletin and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-gluclopyranoside were found to have a high aldose reductase inhibitory ability.
[0042]
Physical properties of Centella sapogenol A Centera sapogenol A obtained by the above extraction method is a colorless fine crystal, and its physicochemical properties are as follows.
mp. 247.1-251.3 ° C
1 H-MNR (500MHz, pyridine-d 5 ) δ 0.84, 0.96, 1.06,
1.08, 1.17, 1.18 (3H each all s, 29, 30, 24, 25, 27, 26-H 3 ),
4.26 (1H, m, 2-H), 4.18 (1H, d, J = 11.0, 3-H), 3.72 (1H, m, 23-H),
4.19 (1H, m, 23-H).
13 C-MNR (500MHz, pyridine-d 5 ) δc 14.2, 18.2, 18.5,
18.6, 21.3, 22.3, 24.5, 25.6, 27.9, 32.4, 33.0, 33.7,
35.1, 36.5, 37.5, 38.8, 41.6, 42.0, 43.6, 44.9, 48.2,
48.3, 49.2, 51.3, 66.8, 69.2, 78.5, 128.0, 137.8, 165.3.
[Α] D 28 -26.6 ° (MeOH)
IR (KBr, cm -1 ): 3431, 1698, 1046
HRMS Calcd for C 30 H 48 O 5 Na (M + Na) + : 511.3420
Found: 511.3399
[0043]
Test example 3
Centella saponin A was isolated by the procedure shown in FIG.
[0044]
The water-soluble fraction (12.6% by weight of the raw material) obtained in Example 1 was subjected to column chromatography using ODS (Chromatorex ODS, manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd.) as an adsorbent. As the mobile phase, a water->methanol-> chloroform-methanol-water mixture (6: 4: 1) was used. Among the obtained fractions, fraction 3 (1.66% by weight of the raw material) was subjected to column chromatography using ODS (Chromatorex ODS, manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd.) as an adsorbent. As the mobile phase, a methanol-water mixture [(50:50) → (60:40) → (70:30) → (80:20)] → methanol was used. Among the obtained fractions, the fraction 3-2 (0.88% by weight of the raw material) was subjected to HPLC using an ODS column (YMC-Pack R & D manufactured by YMC Co., ltd). As the mobile phase, a methanol-water mixture (60:40) was used. Among the obtained fractions, Centerasaponin A (0.0092% by weight of the raw material) was isolated from fraction 3-2.
The obtained centerasaponin A is a colorless fine crystal, and its physicochemical properties are as follows.
mp. 197.9 〜 200.9 ℃
1 H-MNR (500MHz, pyridine-d 5 ) δ 0.77, 0.94, 1.01,
1.06, 1.09, 1.17 (3H, each all s, 29, 30, 24, 25, 27, 26-H 3 ),
1.68 (3H, d, J = 5.96 '''-H), 4.98 (1H, d, J = 7.91''-H),
5.79 (1H, s, 1 '''-H), 6.24 (1H, d, J = 7.91'-H).
13 C-MNR (500MHz, pyridine-d 5 ) δc 14.4, 18.3, 18.7, 18.7,
18.8, 21.4, 22.4, 24.7, 25.7, 27.8, 32.5, 33.1, 33.6, 35.1,
36.3, 37.3, 38.9, 41.6, 42.2, 43.8, 45.0, 48.3, 48.4, 49.2,
51.3, 61.7, 66.8, 69.4, 69.8, 70.6, 71.7, 72.8, 73.0, 74.1,
74.2, 75.5, 76.8, 77.4, 78.4, 78.6, 79.0, 79.0, 96.1, 103.0,
105.1, 128.4, 139.0, 176.1.
[Α] D 24 -33.4 ° (pyridine)
IR (KBr, cm -1 ): 3436, 1655, 1070
HRMS Calcd for C 48 H 78 O 19 Na (M + Na) + : 981.5035
Found: 981.5048
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
The lower alcohol extract of centella of the present invention has aldose reductase inhibitory activity, and can thereby prevent or improve symptoms associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic cataract.
Moreover, the new saponin and the novel sapogenol are contained in the extract of the camellia of the present invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a procedure for extracting a lower alcohol extract of Clover and isolating each AR inhibitory active substance.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a procedure for isolation of Centerasaponin A.
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