JP4492399B2 - In-cylinder direct injection spark ignition internal combustion engine control device and control method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an in-cylinder direct injection spark ignition internal combustion engine that directly injects fuel into a cylinder, and more particularly to control of the injection timing and ignition timing.

Patent Document 1 discloses that when an exhaust purification catalytic converter is in an unwarmed state lower than an activation temperature, fuel is injected during the compression stroke, and the ignition timing is retarded from the compression top dead center. Technology is disclosed.
JP 2001-336467 A

  In order to raise the exhaust gas temperature and reduce HC in order to achieve early activation of the catalyst when the internal combustion engine is cold, it is desirable to retard the ignition timing as much as possible, but if the ignition timing is significantly retarded Since the combustion stability deteriorates, it cannot be retarded from a certain limit determined from the viewpoint of combustion stability. In the conventional technique such as Patent Document 1, it is difficult to ensure stable combustion, particularly under conditions such as cold, and the retard limit of the ignition timing determined from the combustion stability is relatively advanced, which is sufficient. The ignition timing delay cannot be realized.

The present invention includes a fuel injection valve that directly injects fuel into a cylinder and a control device for an in-cylinder direct injection spark ignition internal combustion engine that includes an ignition plug. As the top dead center injection operation mode, fuel injection is performed in a period straddling the compression top dead center so that the injection start timing is before the compression top dead center and the injection end timing is after the compression top dead center, and the above injection start is started. It is characterized in that ignition is performed after compression top dead center delayed from the timing. In particular, immediately after start-up, when the fuel pressure is lower than the first fuel pressure, the entire amount of fuel is injected during the intake stroke, and the fuel pressure is between the first fuel pressure and the second fuel pressure higher than the first fuel pressure. period of time, the advance of the main injection period straddling the compression top dead center, during the intake stroke, is characterized by injecting a portion of the fuel as an early injection.

  In this case, it is desirable to control so that the ratio of main injection becomes smaller as the fuel pressure is lower, and it is desirable to inject the entire amount of fuel during the intake stroke under the condition that the main injection is less than the predetermined minimum injection time.

Further, the control method of the present invention is a control method for a direct injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine having a fuel injection valve for directly injecting fuel into a cylinder and having an ignition plug, and in a cold engine state. In the first stage of the initial start- up, which is until the fuel pressure reaches the first fuel pressure at the start of the engine, the entire amount of fuel is injected during the intake stroke, and the subsequent fuel pressure is higher than the first fuel pressure and the first fuel pressure. In the second stage between the high fuel pressure and the second fuel pressure , a part of the fuel is injected during the intake stroke, and the remaining fuel is compressed at the injection end time before the compression top dead center. After injecting in a period that crosses compression top dead center so that it is after top dead center, and after ignition is performed after compression top dead center delayed from the above injection start timing, and after the fuel pressure reaches the second fuel pressure the third in the stage, the injection end timing the injection start timing is at compression top dead center of the Injecting a period spanning the compression top dead center so that after the compression top dead center, and is characterized by performing the ignition after compression top dead center which is delayed from the injection start timing.

  FIG. 1 illustrates a fuel injection period and an ignition timing in the top dead center injection operation mode of the present invention together with a change in in-cylinder pressure. As shown in FIG. 1A, the injection start timing ITS is a compression top dead center. Before (TDC), the injection end timing ITE is after the compression top dead center (TDC). The length of the injection period T during that time corresponds to the injection amount. The ignition timing ADV is after compression top dead center (TDC), and is a timing delayed by a predetermined crank angle (for example, 10 ° CA to 25 ° CA) from the injection start timing ITS. This delay period D generally correlates with the distance from the fuel injection valve to the spark plug.

  The injection start timing ITS and the injection end timing ITE are controlled so that the period before the compression top dead center in the first half and the period after the compression top dead center in the second half are substantially equal with the compression top dead center (TDC) as the center. You may make it do.

  FIG. 2 shows the piston position change amount and the combustion chamber volume change amount due to the piston stroke in one cycle of the internal combustion engine. As shown in the figure, the amount of change per unit crank angle is the largest near the middle position of the stroke, and is very small near the bottom dead center (BDC) and near the top dead center (TDC). Therefore, in the vicinity of the compression top dead center where the fuel injection is performed in the present invention, the piston position change and volume change are very small, and a stable field that is not affected by the piston movement or the like can be formed.

  In the cylinder, a relatively large gas flow such as a swirl flow or a tumble flow is generated in the intake stroke and remains in the compression stroke. However, a large flow such as a swirl flow or a tumble flow is When the piston reaches near the compression top dead center and the combustion chamber becomes narrow, it collapses rapidly. FIG. 3 shows a change in flow velocity of a large flow in the combustion chamber under various engine speeds. As shown in the figure, a swirl flow or a tumble flow having a strength corresponding to the rotation speed is generated. Collapses rapidly before reaching compression top dead center (360 ° CA). Therefore, in the present invention, the fuel spray injected near the compression top dead center is not moved by a large flow such as a swirl flow or a tumble flow, and always forms a spray in a stable manner on the spark plug. Is possible.

  On the other hand, the energy of a relatively large flow such as the swirl flow or the tumble flow described above transitions to minute turbulence as the flow collapses. Therefore, the minute disturbance in the combustion chamber increases rapidly just before the compression top dead center. FIG. 4 shows the intensity of the minute turbulence caused by the collapse of the flow shown in FIG. 3 as a so-called turbulent flow rate converted to a flow velocity, and as shown in the figure, immediately before the compression top dead center. , Disturbances increase greatly. Such minute disturbances contribute to the activation of the combustion field, and a combustion improving action is obtained.

  In other words, the field in the combustion chamber near the compression top dead center where the fuel is injected does not have a large flow that moves the spray, and there are many minute disturbances that activate the combustion, It is a very stable place against the movement of the piston. Therefore, stable combustion is possible with the ignition timing retarded from the compression top dead center, and the retard limit of the ignition timing that is limited in terms of combustion stability is on the retard side. For this reason, the exhaust gas temperature can be raised significantly by a large retardation of the ignition timing, and the HC emission amount is reduced.

  Here, in the top dead center injection operation mode in which fuel is injected during the period across the compression top dead center as described above, if the fuel pressure is not sufficiently high, the particle size of the spray becomes large, and smoke and HC deteriorate. Arise. In the vicinity of the top dead center, for example, the in-cylinder pressure becomes 1.5 MPa or more. Therefore, the fuel cannot be sufficiently atomized without a fuel pressure of 2.0 MPa or more. On the other hand, when the engine is started, the fuel pressure starts to increase with the start of cranking and increases with the engine speed. Immediately after starting, smoke and HC are generated due to the top dead center injection operation mode with insufficient fuel pressure. There are concerns.

  Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), during the period immediately after the start when the fuel pressure is low, a part of the fuel is removed during the intake stroke prior to the main injection I1 over the compression top dead center. Injected as early injection I2. Thereby, the injection quantity of the main injection I1 injected so as to straddle the compression top dead center is reduced. The fuel injected as the early injection I2 during the intake stroke diffuses into the cylinder before the injection timing of the main injection I1 and forms a lean air-fuel mixture, so that the deterioration of smoke and HC is suppressed even if the fuel pressure is somewhat low Is done.

  As the fuel pressure is lower, atomization of the spray is worsened. By controlling so that the ratio of the main injection is reduced as the fuel pressure is lower, the deterioration of smoke and HC is reliably avoided. Then, under conditions where the fuel pressure is very low and the main injection is less than or equal to the predetermined minimum injection time, it is desirable to inject the entire amount of fuel during the intake stroke, thereby enabling reliable ignition combustion.

  In one aspect of the present invention, even in a state where the fuel pressure is sufficiently high, when the load increases during the top dead center injection operation mode, a part of the fuel is injected prior to the main injection in the period over the compression top dead center. Is injected as an early injection. That is, in the top dead center injection operation mode, when the load increases and the fuel injection amount exceeds a certain level, the air-fuel mixture near the spark plug becomes excessively rich and the ignitability deteriorates. Further, there is a case where an excessively rich air-fuel mixture lump exists at a position away from the spark plug. In this case, smoke is deteriorated. Therefore, when the load increases during the top dead center injection operation mode, without performing an excessive amount of injection in the main injection in the period over the compression top dead center, as shown in FIG. If a part of the fuel is injected as the early injection I2 prior to the main injection I1 in the period across the compression top dead center, the generation of an excessively rich air-fuel mixture lump is suppressed.

  According to the present invention, stable combustion can be obtained in a state where the ignition timing is significantly retarded from the compression top dead center. For example, when the internal combustion engine is cold, the exhaust gas temperature is raised and the catalyst is accelerated. Activation can be achieved and HC emissions can be reduced. Immediately after startup when the fuel pressure becomes insufficient, a part of the fuel is injected during the intake stroke, so that smoke and HC deterioration due to insufficient fuel pressure can be avoided.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  5 to 7 show an embodiment of a direct injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine to which the present invention is applied. In particular, FIGS. 5 and 6 show the configuration of one cylinder. Indicates the system configuration of the entire organization.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a piston 3 is slidably disposed in a cylinder 2 formed in the cylinder block 1, and a cylinder head 4 fixed to the upper surface of the cylinder block 1 and the piston 3 A combustion chamber 5 is formed between them. The cylinder head 4 is formed with an intake port 7 that is opened and closed by an intake valve 6 and an exhaust port 9 that is opened and closed by an exhaust valve 8. A pair of intake valves 6 and a pair of exhaust valves 8 are provided for one cylinder, and an ignition plug 10 is disposed at the center of the ceiling surface of the combustion chamber 5 surrounded by these four valves. . Further, in this embodiment, the intake port 7 is provided with a partition wall 11 that divides the intake port 7 into two upper and lower flow paths so that the tumble flow can be strengthened depending on the operating state. A tumble control valve 12 that opens and closes the lower flow path at the upstream end is provided. As can be easily understood by those skilled in the art, the tumble flow is strengthened when the lower flow path is closed by the tumble control valve 12, and the tumble flow is weakened when the tumble control valve 12 is opened. The tumble control valve 12 is not necessarily essential in the present invention, and can be omitted. Alternatively, a known swirl control valve may be provided.

  A fuel injection valve 15 for directly injecting fuel into the cylinder is disposed below the intake port 7 of the cylinder head 4, more specifically at a position between the pair of intake ports 7. The fuel injection valve 15 is arranged so as to inject fuel along a direction orthogonal to a piston pin (not shown) in the plan view, and is arranged so as to be directed obliquely downward in the sectional view of FIG. However, the downward inclination angle is relatively small, that is, the fuel is injected in a direction close to the horizontal.

  On the other hand, the top of the piston 3 has a convex shape along the inclination of the ceiling surface of the combustion chamber 5 that forms a pent roof type, and a concave portion 16 having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view is formed at the center. Yes. The bottom surface of the recess 16 forms an arc surface having a predetermined radius of curvature or a curved surface approximating an arc so as to follow the tumble flow.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the internal combustion engine of this embodiment is, for example, an in-line four-cylinder engine, and a catalytic converter 22 for purifying exhaust gas is provided in an exhaust passage 21 to which an exhaust port 9 of each cylinder is connected. An air-fuel ratio sensor 23 such as an oxygen sensor is disposed on the upstream side. The intake passage 24 to which the intake port 7 of each cylinder is connected is provided with an electronically controlled throttle valve 25 that is opened and closed by a control signal on the inlet side. An exhaust gas recirculation passage 26 is provided between the exhaust passage 21 and the intake air passage 24, and an exhaust gas recirculation control valve 27 is interposed in the middle. Further, the tumble control valves 12 of the respective cylinders are configured to be simultaneously opened and closed by a negative pressure type tumble control actuator 29 that is operated by a suction negative pressure introduced via a solenoid valve 28.

  The fuel injection valve 15 is supplied with fuel adjusted to an appropriate pressure by a high-pressure fuel pump 31 and a pressure regulator 32 via a fuel gallery 33. Therefore, when the fuel injection valve 15 of each cylinder is opened by the control pulse, an amount of fuel corresponding to the valve opening period is injected. The ignition plug 10 of each cylinder is connected to an ignition coil 34. The high-pressure fuel pump 31 is configured as a mechanical pump driven by, for example, an engine camshaft.

  The fuel injection timing, injection amount, ignition timing, etc. of the internal combustion engine are controlled by the control unit 35. The control unit 35 includes a detection signal of an accelerator opening sensor 30 that detects the amount of depression of an accelerator pedal, a detection signal of a crank angle sensor 36, a detection signal of an air-fuel ratio sensor 23, and a detection of a water temperature sensor 37 that detects a cooling water temperature. Signals, etc. are input.

  In the internal combustion engine configured as described above, when the warm-up is completed, for example, when the cooling water temperature exceeds 80 ° C., normal stratified combustion operation and homogeneous combustion operation are performed.

  That is, in a predetermined region on the low speed and low load side, as a normal stratified combustion operation mode, fuel injection is performed at an appropriate time in the compression stroke, with the tumble control valve 12 basically closed. Ignition is performed before the top dead center. In this operation mode, fuel injection always ends before compression top dead center. The fuel injected toward the piston 3 during the compression stroke is collected in the vicinity of the spark plug 10 using a tumble flow swirling along the recess 16 and ignited there. Therefore, stratified combustion with an average air-fuel ratio lean is realized.

  Further, in a predetermined region on the high speed and high load side after the warm-up is completed, fuel injection is performed during the intake stroke under the condition that the tumble control valve 12 is basically opened as a normal homogeneous combustion operation mode. And ignition is performed at the MBT point before the compression top dead center. In this case, the fuel becomes a homogeneous air-fuel mixture in the cylinder and is basically operated near the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.

  On the other hand, when the cooling water temperature of the internal combustion engine is 80 ° C. or lower, that is, when the warm-up is not completed, the top dead center is used to activate the catalytic converter 22, that is, promote the temperature rise and reduce the HC emission amount. It becomes the injection operation mode. In the top dead center injection operation mode, as shown in FIG. 1A, the injection start timing ITS is before the compression top dead center (TDC), and the injection end timing ITE is after the compression top dead center (TDC). Thus, fuel injection is performed across the compression top dead center. The ignition timing ADV is after compression top dead center (TDC), and is ignited at a timing delayed by 10 ° CA to 25 ° CA from the injection start timing ITS. During this delay period, the fuel spray just reaches the vicinity of the spark plug 10 and forms a combustible air-fuel mixture in the vicinity of the spark plug 10, so that ignition combustion is surely performed and stratified combustion is performed. At this time, the fuel injection amount is controlled so that the average air-fuel ratio becomes the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.

  In this embodiment, the fuel injection timing is controlled so that the injection start timing ITS becomes a predetermined crank angle, and the injection end timing ITE is determined by the injection start timing ITS and the fuel injection amount (injection time). . The injection start timing ITS and the injection end timing ITE are obtained based on the fuel injection amount so that the period before the compression top dead center and the period after the compression top dead center in the fuel injection period are equal. Is also possible.

  As described above, the field in the combustion chamber near the compression top dead center where fuel is injected in this top dead center injection operation mode does not have a large flow that causes the spray to move due to the collapse of the large flow, Along with the collapse of the large flow, there are many minute disturbances that activate the combustion, and the field becomes very stable against the movement of the piston. Then, by performing fuel injection at a high pressure in a stable field where there is no such a large flow, minute turbulence can be positively generated in the cylinder by the energy of the spray itself. Therefore, stable combustion is possible with the ignition timing retarded from the compression top dead center, and the retard limit of the ignition timing that is limited in terms of combustion stability is on the retard side. For this reason, the exhaust gas temperature can be raised significantly by a large retardation of the ignition timing, and the HC emission amount is reduced.

  Next, control during cold start will be described. In the case of starting from the cold state, it is desirable that the top dead center injection operation mode is immediately started after starting to increase the exhaust gas temperature as described above. For about 2 seconds), the fuel pressure is insufficient, and smoke and HC deteriorate. FIG. 8 shows the change in fuel pressure after the start of cranking, which is similar to the rise in engine speed, but after the start of cranking, for example, the first explosion occurred near point a, and further engine rotation As the number increases, the fuel pressure reaches the target fuel pressure. FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the fuel pressure and the fuel particle size when fuel is injected near the compression top dead center. As shown, the lower the fuel pressure, the larger the particle size. Smoke and HC deteriorate.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, until the fuel pressure reaches the predetermined pressure P1 of FIG. 8 (for example, set to about 2 MPa which is equal to or higher than the in-cylinder pressure at the compression top dead center), as shown in FIG. A part of the fuel is injected as the early injection I2 during the intake stroke prior to the main injection I1 in the period across the compression top dead center. Thereby, the injection quantity of the main injection I1 injected so as to straddle the compression top dead center is reduced. The fuel injected as the early injection I2 during the intake stroke diffuses into the cylinder before the injection timing of the main injection I1 and forms a lean air-fuel mixture, so that the deterioration of smoke and HC is suppressed even if the fuel pressure is somewhat low Is done. The ignition timing ADV is also after the compression top dead center (TDC), and is ignited at a timing delayed by about 10 ° CA to 25 ° CA from the injection start timing ITS.

  Further, at this time, the ratio between the main injection I1 and the early injection I2 is different depending on the fuel pressure, and is controlled so that the ratio of the main injection decreases as the fuel pressure decreases. Therefore, smoke and HC deterioration at the stage where the fuel pressure is low are surely avoided.

  Under the condition that the fuel pressure is very low and the main injection I1 is equal to or shorter than the predetermined minimum injection time, the entire amount of fuel is injected during the intake stroke. That is, the ratio of the main injection I1 is 0, and the early injection I2 is 100%. Specifically, when the fuel pressure is lower than the pressure P2 in FIG. 8, the entire amount of fuel is injected during the intake stroke.

  Therefore, the change in the mode of injection over time from the start of cranking changes in three stages. First, during the first stage where the fuel pressure is very low, specifically, the fuel pressure from the start of cranking Until the pressure P2 is reached, the entire amount of fuel is injected during the intake stroke. Since the in-cylinder pressure is low during the intake stroke, fuel can be reliably supplied even if the fuel pressure is low, and the initial explosion can be started early. Next, in a second stage in which the fuel pressure is between P2 and P1 in FIG. 8, injection is performed in a form divided into early injection I2 and main injection I1. In this state, since the ignition timing is retarded from the compression top dead center, the action of increasing the exhaust gas temperature is started early while suppressing the deterioration of smoke and HC. Then, in the third stage after the fuel pressure reaches the pressure P1 in FIG. 8, the original top dead center injection operation mode is set, and the effect of increasing the exhaust gas temperature is obtained to the maximum.

  On the other hand, once the start of the internal combustion engine is completed and the fuel pressure rises sufficiently, after that, it is possible to inject fuel over the compression top dead center in terms of fuel pressure. When the fuel injection amount exceeds a certain level as the load increases, the mass of the air-fuel mixture formed by spraying becomes excessive, and the ignitability and smoke may deteriorate. For this reason, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, the operation mode during cold operation is shown in FIG. As shown, prior to the main injection I1 during the period over the compression top dead center, for example, during the intake stroke, a part of the fuel is injected as the early injection I2. The injection amount of the early injection I2 increases as the load increases, and the maximum injection amount of the main injection I1 is limited to a predetermined amount even when the load increases. As a result, the air-fuel ratio in the vicinity of the spark plug 10 is limited within the combustible mixture region, and deterioration of ignitability is avoided. Further, it is possible to prevent the smoke from deteriorating due to an excessively rich mixture of air-fuel mixtures.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the top dead center injection operation mode is canceled and the normal stratified combustion operation or homogeneous combustion operation is performed as the normal mode in the high load region and the high speed region even when the engine is cold. .

The characteristic view which showed an example of the fuel-injection period and ignition timing of this invention. The characteristic figure of the piston position change amount and volume change amount during a cycle. The characteristic figure which shows the change in the cycle of a big flow. The characteristic view which shows the change in the cycle of a minute disturbance. Sectional drawing which shows one Example of a direct injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine. FIG. FIG. 2 is a configuration explanatory view showing the system configuration of the entire internal combustion engine. The characteristic view which shows the fuel pressure change at the time of engine starting. The characteristic view which shows the relationship between a fuel pressure and a fuel particle size. The characteristic view which shows the operation mode at the time of the cold machine with respect to engine operation conditions.

Explanation of symbols

3 ... Piston 5 ... Combustion chamber 10 ... Spark plug 15 ... Fuel injection valve

Claims (9)

In a control device for a direct injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine having a fuel injection valve for directly injecting fuel into a cylinder and having an ignition plug, the top dead center injection operation mode is set in a predetermined operating state. , Fuel injection is performed in a period straddling the compression top dead center such that the injection start time is before the compression top dead center and the injection end time is after the compression top dead center, and the compression top dead is delayed from the injection start time. Ignition is performed after the point, and immediately after start-up, when the fuel pressure is lower than the first fuel pressure, the entire amount of fuel is injected during the intake stroke, and the fuel pressure is higher than the first fuel pressure and the first fuel pressure. The in-cylinder direct injection spark ignition internal combustion engine is characterized in that a part of the fuel is injected as an early injection during the intake stroke prior to the main injection in the period across the compression top dead center during the period between Control device. 2. The direct injection type in-cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the period during which the fuel pressure is between the first fuel pressure and the second fuel pressure is controlled such that the lower the fuel pressure, the smaller the proportion of main injection. Control device for spark ignition internal combustion engine. 3. The in-cylinder according to claim 2, wherein the entire amount of fuel is injected during the intake stroke under a condition in which the fuel pressure is lower than the first fuel pressure and the main injection is equal to or shorter than a predetermined minimum injection time. Control device for a direct injection spark ignition internal combustion engine. The in-cylinder direct injection type according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the top dead center injection operation mode is executed when a temperature increase of the exhaust gas is required as a predetermined operation state. Control device for spark ignition internal combustion engine. The control of a direct injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ignition timing is a timing delayed by 10 ° CA to 25 ° CA from the injection start timing of the main injection. apparatus. 6. The direct injection spark ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a period before the compression top dead center and a period after the compression top dead center in the fuel injection period of the main injection are substantially equal. Engine control device. The control device for a direct injection spark ignition internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the average air-fuel ratio is substantially the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. After the fuel pressure reaches the second fuel pressure and when the load increases during the top dead center injection operation mode, a part of the fuel is used as an early injection prior to the main injection in the period across the compression top dead center. The in-cylinder direct injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine control device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein injection is performed. A control method for an in-cylinder direct injection spark ignition internal combustion engine having a fuel injection valve for injecting fuel directly into a cylinder and having an ignition plug, wherein the fuel pressure is the first fuel pressure when starting in the engine cold state In the first stage in the initial stage of starting until the engine reaches the initial value, the entire amount of fuel is injected during the intake stroke, and the subsequent fuel pressure is between the first fuel pressure and the second fuel pressure higher than the first fuel pressure. In the second stage, a part of the fuel is injected during the intake stroke, and the remaining fuel is compressed so that the injection start timing is before the compression top dead center and the injection end timing is after the compression top dead center. Injecting in a period straddling the top dead center, igniting after compression top dead center delayed from the above injection start timing, and in the third stage after the subsequent fuel pressure reaches the second fuel pressure , injection starts The timing is before compression top dead center and the injection end time is after compression top dead center Injecting a period spanning the reduced top dead center, and a control method for a cylinder direct injection spark ignition internal combustion engine which is characterized in that the ignition after compression top dead center which is delayed from the injection start timing.

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