JP4488678B2 - 骨のx線画像の三次元表示の確立方法 - Google Patents
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Description
a)CTをベースとするシステム、これらは骨又は骨断片の前手術CT(コンピュータ断層写真)を使用してランドマークをベースとし、又は表面をベースとする位置決め又はマッチングにより手術中の夫々の骨又は骨断片と基準化される三次元解剖学的モデルを確立する;
b)CTをベースとするX線検査システム、これらはCTをベースとするシステムと同じ方法を使用して三次元解剖学的モデルを確立し、それにより骨又は骨断片の前手術CTが骨又は骨断片の表面モデル及びX線検査画像の平面中のその投影を使用することにより手術中の夫々の骨又は骨断片に位置決め又はマッチングされる;
c)X線検査をベースとするシステム、これらは較正X線透視装置を使用して骨又は骨断片の歪まない画像及び外科用具の投影の仮想幾何学的表示を生じる。
−放射線源を生体の関係する領域に対して複数の位置でサイクルし、その結果、複数の焦点平面(これらは検出器平面に平行であり、かつ関係する領域内にある)の夫々を透過する放射線源からの放射線が互いに重ねられ、ずれている検出器平面に衝突し、
−第一の選ばれた焦点平面について電子図をシフトし、その結果、第一の選ばれた焦点平面の夫々のインクレメント要素を通過する放射線が電子図の共通ピクセルに寄与し、そして
−最後に、電子図を合計し、その結果、第一の選ばれた焦点平面のインクレメント要素に相当する夫々の電子図のピクセルが合計されて第一の選ばれた焦点平面を通って撮られた切片画像を生じる。
−放射線暴露が低減され、
−投影された二次元画像に代えて三次元画像が使用されてもよく、かつ
−実際の密閉(最小に観血的)外科手術が仮想世界で開放外科手術に変えられる。
本発明の方法はX線画像からの仮想三次元表示(3Dモデル)の確立に関するものであり、実質的に
A)患者の体の関係する領域がX線装置の投影の平面でマッピングされ得るようにX線装置を配置し、
B)投影の平面でマッピングされた関係する領域の少なくとも一つの医療画像を撮り、この第一画像をコンピュータのデータ記憶手段中でデータの組として記憶し(今日、画像データ捕捉が演算され、該画像が現在典型的な1282〜10242ピクチャー要素のマトリックスとしてデジタル形態で送出される)、
C)少なくとも一つの医療画像をコンピュータに接続されたディスプレイ手段で表示し(それにより該ディスプレイ手段はコンピュータのディスプレイ又は、例えば、ヘッド取り付けディスプレイであってもよい)、
D)コンピュータに接続された制御手段を使用することにより骨又は骨断片の三次元仮想表示を作り出し、そして
E)前記制御手段を使用することにより三次元仮想表示のサイズを骨又は骨断片のサイズに調節することを含む。
F)患者の骨又は骨断片の第二の医療画像を第一の医療画像に関して或る角度で撮る工程、
G)第二の医療画像をコンピュータのデータ記憶手段中でデータの組として記憶する工程、
H)第一の医療画像及び第二の医療画像をディスプレイ手段で表示する工程、
I)コンピュータに接続された制御手段を使用することにより骨又は骨断片の三次元仮想表示を作り出す工程、及び
K)制御手段を使用することにより三次元仮想表示のサイズを骨又は骨断片のサイズに調節する工程
を更に含む。
−ディスプレイ手段、例えば、コンピュータのディスプレイに表示された少なくとも一つの医療画像の夫々の点を特定すること(これらの点の特定は、例えば、キーボード又は仮想キーボード、マウス又はポインターで行なわれてもよい。また、演算手段、例えば、チャンファ方法による自動的軸同定が考えられるかもしれない);
−自動的表面又は体積方法(チャンファ方法);演算手段、例えば、チャンファ方法による同定が考えられるかもしれない;又は
−解剖学的位置の同定
により軸、例えば、少なくとも一つの骨又は骨断片の中心軸を再構成する工程を含むことが好ましい。
A)基準手段を外科活動に関係する夫々の骨又は骨断片に取り付ける工程、
B)位置測定装置により座標系に関する夫々の基準手段の位置及び配向を測定する工程、
C)投影の軸を有するCアームX線装置に固定して取り付けられた第三基準手段の位置及び配向を測定し、それにより第三基準手段により特定された座標系に関する投影の平面の位置及び配向を知る工程、及び
D)外科用具又は移植片に固定して取り付けられた第四基準手段の位置及び配向を測定する工程
を更に含む。
−光源、特に発光ダイオード(LED)、
−赤外線放出ダイオード(IRED)、又は
−音響トランスミッター
が使用されてもよく、又はエネルギー受容手段として、
−フォトダイオード、又は
−マイクロフォン
が使用されてもよい。その他の位置測定装置はエネルギー放出手段としてのコイルを含み、エネルギー受容手段としてのホール効果素子が同様に使用されてもよい。
−3個のレンズセルと対にされ、安定化バーに取り付けられた3つの一次元電荷結合装置(CCD)からなるオプトトラック3020位置センサー(3個のレンズセルの夫々中で、赤外マーカーからの光がCCDに誘導され、測定される。全ての三つの測定は実時間でマーカーの三次元位置を一緒に測定する);
−システム制御ユニット;
−コンピュータインターフェースカード及びケーブル;
−データ収集及び表示ソフトウェア;及び
−ストロバー及びマーカーキット
を含むことが好ましい。
図1は移動X線装置6(CアームX線装置)を骨21に対して異なる位置に配置する工程(その結果、骨21の関係する領域がX線装置6の投影の平面7に異なる視野の角度のもとにマッピング可能である)、第一の画像11及び第二の画像13(図2)を撮る工程、該画像11;13をコンピュータ10のデータ記憶手段9にデータの第一及び第二の組として記憶する工程を示す。撮られる画像11;13は、例えば、コンピュータ10のディスプレイ20であるディスプレイ手段32で表示し得る。ヘッド取り付けディスプレイの如きその他のディスプレイが同様に使用されてもよい。
Claims (11)
- A)患者の骨21又は骨断片の少なくとも一つの医療画像11を撮る工程、
B)少なくとも一つの医療画像11をコンピュータ10のデータ記憶手段9中でデータの組として記憶する工程
を含むX線画像からの骨又は骨断片の仮想三次元表示の確立方法であって、その方法が
C)少なくとも一つの医療画像11をコンピュータ10に接続されたディスプレイ手段32で表示する工程、
D)コンピュータ10に接続された制御手段26を使用することにより骨21又は骨断片の三次元仮想表示を作り出す工程、及び
E)制御手段26を使用することにより三次元仮想表示のサイズを骨21又は骨断片のサイズに調節する工程
を更に含むことを特徴とするX線画像からの骨又は骨断片の三次元仮想表示の確立方法。 - F)患者の骨21又は骨断片の第二の医療画像13を少なくとも一つの医療画像11に関して或る角度で撮る工程、
G)第二の医療画像13をコンピュータ10のデータ記憶手段9中でデータの組として記憶する工程、
H)第一の医療画像11及び第二の医療画像13をディスプレイ手段32で表示する工程、
I)コンピュータ10に接続された制御手段26を使用することにより骨21又は骨断片の三次元仮想表示を作り出す工程、及び
K)制御手段26を使用することにより三次元仮想表示のサイズを骨21又は骨断片のサイズに調節する工程
を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。 - 制御手段26を使用することにより、かつディスプレイ手段32に表示された画像11;13の少なくとも一つで少なくとも二つの夫々の点14;15を特定することにより骨21又は骨断片18;19の軸16をディスプレイ手段32で再構成する工程を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 骨21又は骨断片18;19の軸16を自動軸同定により再構成する工程を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 仮想表示が骨21又は骨断片18;19のエンベロープ表面25を含み、前記エンベロープ表面25が軸16に調整されることを特徴とする、請求項3又は4記載の方法。
- 仮想表示が骨21又は骨断片18;19に相当するボディを含み、前記ボディが軸16に調整されることを特徴とする、請求項3又は4記載の方法。
- a)外科用具22の画像データの組をコンピュータ10のプロセッサー27にロードする工程、
b)外科用具22を夫々の骨21又は骨断片18;19の仮想表示と一緒にディスプレイ手段32で表示する工程、及び
c)コンピュータ10に接続された制御手段26を使用することにより外科用具22の仮想表示及び/又は表示をディスプレイ手段32で変位させる工程
を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。 - d)外科移植片23の画像データの組をコンピュータ10のプロセッサー27にロードする工程、
e)外科移植片23を夫々の骨21又は骨断片18;19の仮想表示と一緒にディスプレイ手段32で表示する工程、及び
f)制御手段26を使用することにより外科移植片23の仮想表示及び表示をディスプレイ手段32で変位させる工程
を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1又は7記載の方法。 - 骨21又は骨断片18;19の関係する領域の斜視図を受け取るために制御手段26を使用することにより仮想表示をディスプレイ手段32で回転する工程を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から8のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 仮想表示を調節し、外科移植片23をその所望の位置に配置することにより手術活動をディスプレイ手段32で模擬する工程を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項8又は9記載の方法。
- g)基準手段1;2を関係する夫々の骨21又は骨断片18;19に取り付ける工程、
h)位置測定装置4により座標系3に関する夫々の基準手段1;2の位置及び配向を測定する工程、
i)投影の軸12及び投影の平面7を有する移動X線装置6に固定して取り付けられた更なる基準手段5の位置及び配向を測定し、それにより第三基準手段5により特定された座標系8に関する投影の前記平面7の位置及び配向を知る工程、及び
j)外科用具22に固定して取り付けられた第四基準手段28の位置及び配向を測定する工程
を更に含むことを特徴とする、請求項8から10のいずれか1項記載の方法。
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PCT/CH2001/000086 WO2002062249A1 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2001-02-07 | Method for establishing a three-dimensional representation of bone x-ray images |
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CA (1) | CA2437978C (ja) |
MX (1) | MXPA03006790A (ja) |
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WO2002062249A1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
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BR0116855B1 (pt) | 2012-06-12 |
US7117027B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 |
AR033416A1 (es) | 2003-12-17 |
KR20030079961A (ko) | 2003-10-10 |
EP1357850A1 (en) | 2003-11-05 |
CA2437978A1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
JP2005500867A (ja) | 2005-01-13 |
AU2001228255B2 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
KR100747138B1 (ko) | 2007-08-07 |
TW548097B (en) | 2003-08-21 |
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