JP4481788B2 - トナーおよび画像形成方法 - Google Patents
トナーおよび画像形成方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4481788B2 JP4481788B2 JP2004300918A JP2004300918A JP4481788B2 JP 4481788 B2 JP4481788 B2 JP 4481788B2 JP 2004300918 A JP2004300918 A JP 2004300918A JP 2004300918 A JP2004300918 A JP 2004300918A JP 4481788 B2 JP4481788 B2 JP 4481788B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- charge control
- control agent
- image
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 215
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 71
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 68
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 58
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 55
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 45
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 44
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 37
- -1 sulfonic acid ion Chemical class 0.000 description 34
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 32
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 31
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 29
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 28
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 27
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920006311 Urethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002335 surface treatment layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 3
- UKXSKSHDVLQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzilic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)(C(=O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UKXSKSHDVLQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940099800 pigment red 48 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)C WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEJVSOJRGUIWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzoic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O UEJVSOJRGUIWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920007962 Styrene Methyl Methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000981 basic dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- VPWFPZBFBFHIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium 4-[(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C(C([O-])=O)=CC2=CC=CC=C12 VPWFPZBFBFHIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005558 epichlorohydrin rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002102 polyvinyl toluene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004436 sodium atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromomethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)Br HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- SNOYUTZWILESAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl isopropyl ketone Natural products CC(C)C(=O)C=C SNOYUTZWILESAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRXCBRHBHGNNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) 2,4-dichlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl WRXCBRHBHGNNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C=C)C(C=C)=CC=C21 QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Butyleneglycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYMDJPGTQFHDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-ethenoxyethoxy)-2-ethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC=C AYMDJPGTQFHDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)COC(C)COCC(C)OC(=O)C=C ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)COC=C OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C(C)=C1 OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHFHDVDXYKOSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WHFHDVDXYKOSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKNLMAXAQYNOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(=C)C(O)=O.OCC(CO)(CO)CO XKNLMAXAQYNOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZBSIABKXVPBFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OCC(CO)(CO)CO GZBSIABKXVPBFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,4,4,5-hexamethylhexane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)S YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTHJXDSHSVNJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LTHJXDSHSVNJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHBAYNMEIXUTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound ClCCOC(=O)C=C WHBAYNMEIXUTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFSJUURIAOOSJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-5-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)benzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 MFSJUURIAOOSJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHMLSUXZJYLLCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzoic acid;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O JHMLSUXZJYLLCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPHOPMSGKZNELG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=C(O)C=CC2=C1 UPHOPMSGKZNELG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQXYBDVZAUEPDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidene-5-phenylpent-4-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 JQXYBDVZAUEPDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABPSJVSWZJJPOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-ditert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=C1C(C)(C)C ABPSJVSWZJJPOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOFRHZUTPGJWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-4-[(2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound COc1ccc(cc1N=Nc1c(O)c(cc2ccccc12)C(=O)Nc1cccc(c1)[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O SOFRHZUTPGJWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAPGBCWOQLHKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SAPGBCWOQLHKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-3-methyl-2h-indazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C)=NNC2=C1 JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMFRGWMJCTYXPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(=C)C)(=O)OC.C(C=C)(=O)OCCOC(C1=CC=CC=C1)=O Chemical compound C(C(=C)C)(=O)OC.C(C=C)(=O)OCCOC(C1=CC=CC=C1)=O IMFRGWMJCTYXPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001692 EU approved anti-caking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indigo Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical class N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QROGIFZRVHSFLM-QHHAFSJGSA-N [(e)-prop-1-enyl]benzene Chemical compound C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 QROGIFZRVHSFLM-QHHAFSJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006221 acetate fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012164 animal wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008641 benzimidazolones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABBZJHFBQXYTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enamide Chemical class NC(=O)CC=C ABBZJHFBQXYTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOOMOFPAGCSKKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2-sulfonic acid;prop-2-enamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.CCC(C)S(O)(=O)=O BOOMOFPAGCSKKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004204 candelilla wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013868 candelilla wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940073532 candelilla wax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005251 capillar electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021387 carbon allotrope Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PZTQVMXMKVTIRC-UHFFFAOYSA-L chembl2028348 Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C(C([O-])=O)=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PZTQVMXMKVTIRC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 1
- ZDLVUKNLGUZMAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl hydrogen phosphate;ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCC ZDLVUKNLGUZMAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCJAMGWKHPTZEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl hydrogen phosphate;ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C.CCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCC BCJAMGWKHPTZEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VFAWCJZNIUIZOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl hydrogen phosphate;ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C.CCOP(O)(=O)OCC VFAWCJZNIUIZOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZKHFUIIZFCSYQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl hydrogen phosphate;ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C.COP(O)(=O)OC ZKHFUIIZFCSYQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VVSMKOFFCAJOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;dodecylbenzene;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 VVSMKOFFCAJOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl formate Chemical compound C=COC=O GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYXSBFYARXAAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-[3-(ethylamino)-6-ethylimino-2,7-dimethylxanthen-9-yl]benzoate;hydron;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=2C=C(C)C(NCC)=CC=2OC2=CC(=[NH+]CC)C(C)=CC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC VYXSBFYARXAAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003090 exacerbative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hepta-1,6-dien-4-one Chemical compound C=CCC(=O)CC=C PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229920002681 hypalon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019239 indanthrene blue RS Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012690 ionic polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- PXZQEOJJUGGUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoindolin-1-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)NCC2=C1 PXZQEOJJUGGUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N non-1-en-3-one Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)C=C HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- LKEDKQWWISEKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LKEDKQWWISEKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDYPDLBFDATSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C MDYPDLBFDATSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxytitamium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Ti+2]=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C=C ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940110337 pigment blue 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940104573 pigment red 5 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012165 plant wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003217 poly(methylsilsesquioxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000636 poly(norbornene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002589 poly(vinylethylene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000015 polydiacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940094537 polyester-10 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005650 polypropylene glycol diacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005651 polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006306 polyurethane fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940114930 potassium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGBXDEHYFWDBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OOC(=O)OC(C)C RGBXDEHYFWDBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5,6-dione Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(=O)C(=O)N=C21 FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WPPDXAHGCGPUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N red 2 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=2C=3C4=CC=C5C6=CC=C7C8=C(C=9C=CC=CC=9)C9=CC=CC=C9C(C=9C=CC=CC=9)=C8C8=CC=C(C6=C87)C(C=35)=CC=2)C4=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WPPDXAHGCGPUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940067741 sodium octyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080350 sodium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000776 sodium tetradecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SMECTXYFLVLAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;pentadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SMECTXYFLVLAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tetradecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical class S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001060 yellow colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
該トナー粒子は、水相を用いた重合法によって得られ、
該荷電制御剤(a)及び(b)は、オキシカルボン酸の、Al・Zn・Zr・Fe・Bのいずれかより選ばれる金属Mを有する金属化合物であり、
該硫黄原子を有する重合体は、Mw=20000〜50000の下記一般式(1)を構成単位として含むビニル系重合体であり、
該非磁性トナーをアルカリ洗浄した時の、荷電制御剤(b)由来の金属(M)の蛍光X線減量により求められる、トナー表面に存在する該荷電制御剤(b)の質量部が、該トナー粒子100質量部に対して0.020〜0.700部であり、
該非磁性トナー1g中から0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液によって抽出されるオキシカルボン酸の総質量A(mg/g)が0.5〜5.0mg/g(トナーの質量基準)であり、
現像機に該非磁性トナーを充填し、30℃・80%の環境下において、トナー担持体を周速135mm/secで回転させたとき、10秒経過時の非磁性トナーの表面電位(i)が−5〜−45Vであり、60秒経過時の非磁性トナーの表面電位(ii)が−5〜−50Vであり、且つ(i/ii)が0.5〜1.3であり、
該非磁性トナーの平均円形度が0.955〜0.995で、円形度標準偏差が0.045未満であることを特徴とする非磁性トナーに関する。
該現像手段は、該像担持体に対向して配置された、トナーを担持する回転可能なトナー担持体と、該トナー担持体上のトナー量を規制するトナー規制部材を有するものであり、
該トナーは、上記構成の非磁性トナーであることを特徴とする画像形成方法に関する。
該トナー粒子は、水相を用いた重合法によって得られ、
該荷電制御剤(a)及び(b)は、オキシカルボン酸の、Al・Zn・Zr・Fe・Bのいずれかより選ばれる金属Mを有する金属化合物であり、
該硫黄原子を有する重合体は、Mw=20000〜50000の下記一般式(1)を構成単位として含むビニル系重合体であり、
該非磁性トナーをアルカリ洗浄した時の、荷電制御剤(b)由来の金属(M)の蛍光X線減量により求められる、トナー表面に存在する該荷電制御剤(b)の質量部が、該トナー粒子100質量部に対して0.020〜0.700部であり、
該非磁性トナー1g中から0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液によって抽出されるオキシカルボン酸の総質量A(mg/g)が0.5〜5.0mg/g(トナーの質量基準)であり、
現像機に該非磁性トナーを充填し、30℃・80%の環境下において、トナー担持体を周速135mm/secで回転させたとき、10秒経過時の非磁性トナーの表面電位(i)が−5〜−45Vであり、60秒経過時の非磁性トナーの表面電位(ii)が−5〜−50Vであり、且つ(i/ii)が0.5〜1.3であり、
該非磁性トナーの平均円形度が0.955〜0.995で、円形度標準偏差が0.045未満の関係を満足することによって、飽和帯電量及び飽和帯電量到達時間が良好に制御でき、電子写真システムに好適な帯電特性を与えることが可能となる。
X(SO3 -)n・mYk+
(X:前記重合性単量体に由来する重合体部位を表し、Y+:カウンターイオンを表し、kはカウンターイオンの価数であり、m及びnは整数であり、n=k×mである。)
の如き構造を有するものが挙げられる。カウンターイオンとしては、水素イオン、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、アンモニウムイオンなどであることが好ましい。
使用装置:PHI社製 1600S型 X線光電子分光装置
測定条件:X線源 MgKα(400W)
分光領域 800μmφ
還流管,撹拌機,温度計,窒素導入管,滴下装置及び減圧装置を備えた加圧可能な反応容器に、溶媒としてメタノール250部、2−ブタノン150部及び2−プロパノール100部、モノマーとしてスチレン81部、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル10部、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸9部を添加して撹拌しながら還流温度まで加熱した。重合開始剤であるt−ブチルペルオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート1部を2−ブタノン20部で希釈した溶液を30分かけて滴下して5時間撹拌を継続し、更にt−ブチルペルオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート1部を2−ブタノン20部で希釈した溶液を30分かけて滴下して、更に5時間撹拌して重合を終了した。さらに、温度を維持したまま脱イオン水を500部添加し、有機層と水層の界面が乱れないように毎分80〜100回転で2時間撹拌した後に、30分静置し分層した後に、水層を廃棄し有機層に無水硫酸ナトリウムを添加し、脱水した。
含硫黄重合体の製造例1において、使用するモノマーの量を表1に示す内容に変更して、更に、開始剤の量と重合温度を調整することで表1に示す分子量に制御した以外は、同様の手法により、含硫黄重合体2〜5を製造した。
イオン交換水400部に、0.1M−Na3PO4水溶液450部を投入し、50℃に加温した後、TK式ホモミキサー(特殊機化工業製)を用いて、10,000rpmにて撹拌した。これに1.0M−CaCl2水溶液68部を添加し、リン酸カルシウム塩を含む水系媒体を得た。
スチレン 81部
n−ブチルアクリレート 19部
C.I.ピグメントブルー15:3 5部
含硫黄重合体1 1部
ボントロンE−88(オリエント化学工業(株)製) 0.8部
飽和ポリエステル 10部
(酸価10mgKOH/g,ピーク分子量11,000,Tg=75℃)
エステルワックス(吸熱ピーク=70℃) 12部
ジビニルベンゼン 0.2部
上記処方を60℃に加温し、TK式ホモミキサー(特殊機化工業製)を用いて、6000rpmにて均一に溶解・分散した。これに、重合開始剤2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)3.5部を溶解し、重合性単量体組成物を調製した。
・導電性被覆層:酸化錫及び酸化チタンの粉末をフェノール樹脂に分散したものを主体とする。膜厚15μm。
・下引き層:変性ナイロン及び共重合ナイロンを主体とする。膜厚0.6μm。
・電荷発生層:長波長域に吸収を持つチタニルフタロシアニン顔料をブチラール樹脂に分散したものを主体とする。膜厚0.6μm。
・電荷輸送層:ホール搬送性トリフェニルアミン化合物をポリカーボネート樹脂(オストワルド粘度法による分子量2万)に8:10の質量比で溶解したものを主体とする。膜厚20μm。
(1)画像カブリ
「REFLECTMETER MODEL TC−6DS」(東京電色社製)により測定したプリントアウト画像の白地部分の白色度と転写紙の白色度の差から、カブリ濃度(%)を算出し、耐久評価終了時の画像カブリを評価した。フィルターは、シアンの場合はアンバーライト、イエローの場合はブルー、マゼンタ及びブラックではグリーンフィルターを用いた。
A:非常に良好 0.5%未満
B:良好 0.5%以上乃至1.0%未満
C:実用上問題なし 1.0%以上乃至1.5%未満
D:やや難あり 1.5%以上
200μmの間隔で、45μmのドットを並べたオリジナルチャートを出力して、ドットの抜け落ちやドットの欠け及びトナーの飛び散りに起因する、ハーフトーンの均一性を目視により評価した。
A:非常に良好 非常に均一
B:良好 若干均一性に違和感を感じるが、概ね均一。
C:実用上問題なし 一部で斑が確認されるが、概ねハーフトーンを再現している。
D:やや難あり ドット再現の斑や飛び散りにより、全体的にがさついている。
耐久初期(通紙50枚時)に、画像濃度が0.5,0.8,1.4の3水準のオリジナル画像を出力し、更に耐久20000枚通紙後に同画像を出力して、各濃度水準を通しての最大濃度差を求め、その値により階調再現性を評価した。
A:非常に良好 0.15未満
B:良好 0.15以上、0.25未満
C:実用上問題なし 0.25以上、0.3未満
D:やや難あり 0.3以上
添加する含硫黄重合体を含硫黄重合体1から含硫黄重合体2に変え、外部添加する荷電制御剤(b)の添加量を0.2部に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして評価したところ、非常に良好な結果が得られた。
添加する含硫黄重合体の種類を含硫黄重合体1から含硫黄重合体3に変え、外部添加する荷電制御剤(b)を0.7部に変える以外は、実施例1と同様にして評価したところ、実用上問題の無いレベルであるものの、外添荷電制御剤の添加量が過多によるものと推測されるカブリが若干悪くなった。
添加する含硫黄重合体の種類を含硫黄重合体1から含硫黄重合体2に変え、添加部数を0.6質量部に変え、荷電制御剤(b)をジルコニウム錯体であるTN−105(保土谷化学工業(株)製)に変更し、内部添加部数を1部に、外部添加部数を0.1部に変える以外は、実施例1と同様にして評価したところ、非常に良好な結果が得られた。
添加する含硫黄重合体の添加量および内外添する荷電制御剤(a)及び(b)の添加量を表2に示すように変える以外は、実施例4と同様にして評価したところ、概ね良好な結果が得られた。
内部添加する荷電制御剤をサリチル酸の亜鉛錯体E−84(オリエント化学工業(株)製)に変更し、外部添加する荷電制御剤をサリチル酸のジルコニウム錯体TN−105(保土谷化学工業(株)製)に変更し、添加量を表2に示すように変える以外は、実施例2と同様にした。
参考例2において、外部添加する荷電制御剤をサリチル酸の亜鉛錯体E−84(オリエント化学工業(株)製)に変え、添加部数を表2に示すように変更した。
含硫黄樹脂の種類と添加量を表2に示すように変更し、内外添する荷電制御剤をベンジル酸のホウ素錯体LR−147(日本カーリット(株)製)に変更し、添加量を表2に示すように変える以外は、実施例1と同様にした。
含硫黄樹脂の種類と添加量を表2に示すように変更し、内外添する荷電制御剤をベンジル酸のアルミニウム錯体LR−297(日本カーリット(株)製)に変更し、添加量を表2に示すように変える以外は、実施例1と同様にした。
実施例2において、添加する着色剤の種類をC.I.ピグメントイエロー93に変える以外は、実施例2と同様にした。
実施例2において、添加する着色剤の種類および添加量を、C.I.ピグメントレッド122を8質量部に変更する以外は実施例2と同様にした。
実施例2において、添加する着色剤の種類および添加量を、カーボンブラック(DBP吸油量42cm3/100g、比表面積60m2/g)を8部に変更する以外は実施例2と同様にした。
実施例1において、添加する含硫黄樹脂及び荷電制御剤の種類と量を表2に変える以外は、実施例1と同様にした。尚、表中のE−89(オリエント化学工業(株)製)は、化リックスアレンである。
次に、フルカラーカラープリンターLBP2510(キヤノン製)のプロセススピードを180mm/secに改造(トナー担持体の周速270mm/secに改造)したマシーンを使って、[トナーの製造例2で製造したシアントナー]、[トナーの製造例10で製造したイエロートナー]、[トナーの製造例11で製造したマゼンタトナー]、[トナーの製造例12で製造したブラックトナー]をそれぞれ対応するカートリッジに200gずつ充填し、20000枚のフルカラー画像評価を実施した。その結果を実施例1に準じて評価した。その結果を表3に示す。
2 帯電ローラー
4Y 各色現像器
4M 各色現像器
4Bk 各色現像器
4C 各色現像器
5 中間転写ドラム
5a 導電性支持体
5b 弾性層
6 クリーニングブレードを有するクリーナー
7 転写材トレイ
8 転写装置
9 定着装置
9a 定着用加熱ローラー
9b 定着用加圧ローラー
10 ロータリーユニット
16a〜16d 帯電手段
17a〜17d 現像手段
18a〜18d クリーニング手段
19a〜19d 感光ドラム
20 除電器
22 定着手段
23a 潜像形成手段
23b〜23d 潜像形成手段
24a〜24d 転写用放電手段
25 搬送ベルト
26 排出口
27 吸着帯電手段
28a〜28d 分離除電放電手段
29a〜29d 画像形成部
40 中間転写ベルト
41 ローラー
42 一次転写ローラー
43a 二次転写対向ローラー
43b 二次転写ローラー
44 一次転写バイアス電源
45 バイアス電源
46 二次転写バイアス電源
49 ベルトクリーナー
100 現像装置
101 現像ブレード
102 トナー担持体
103 塗布ローラー
104 トナー
105 被転写体
106 転写部材
107 定着用加圧ローラー
108 定着用加熱ローラー
109 感光体
110 一次帯電部材(帯電ローラー)
110a 導電性弾性層
110b 芯金
115 帯電バイアス電源
116 転写バイアス電源
117 現像バイアス電源
123 露光
138 クリーニングブレードを有するクリーナー
241 感光体
241a 光導電絶縁物質層
241b 感光層
242 帯電ローラー
242a 導電性弾性層
242b 芯金
243 露光
244 現像ユニット
244−1〜244−4 現像器
245 中間転写ドラム
245a 中抵抗の弾性体層
245b パイプ状の導電性芯金
246 転写材
247 転写手段
247a バイアスローラー
247a1 導電性弾性層
247a2 芯金
247c テンションローラー
247d 二次転写バイアス電源
248 クリーニングブレード
249 クリーニング手段
280 着脱自在なクリーニング手段
281 定着手段
P,S 記録材
L 光源装置
E レーザー光
Claims (6)
- 結着樹脂、着色剤、荷電制御剤(a)および硫黄原子を有する重合体とを有するトナー粒子と、該トナー粒子に外添された荷電制御剤(b)とを含んでいる非磁性トナーにおいて、
該トナー粒子は、水相を用いた重合法によって得られ、
該荷電制御剤(a)及び(b)は、オキシカルボン酸の、Al・Zn・Zr・Fe・Bのいずれかより選ばれる金属Mを有する金属化合物であり、
該硫黄原子を有する重合体は、Mw=20000〜50000の下記一般式(1)を構成単位として含むビニル系重合体であり、
該非磁性トナーをアルカリ洗浄した時の、荷電制御剤(b)由来の金属(M)の蛍光X線減量により求められる、トナー表面に存在する該荷電制御剤(b)の質量部が、該トナー粒子100質量部に対して0.020〜0.700部であり、
該非磁性トナー1g中から0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液によって抽出されるオキシカルボン酸の総質量A(mg/g)が0.5〜5.0mg/g(トナーの質量基準)であり、
現像機に該非磁性トナーを充填し、30℃・80%の環境下において、トナー担持体を周速135mm/secで回転させたとき、10秒経過時の非磁性トナーの表面電位(i)が−5〜−45Vであり、60秒経過時の非磁性トナーの表面電位(ii)が−5〜−50Vであり、且つ(i/ii)が0.5〜1.3であり、
該非磁性トナーの平均円形度が0.955〜0.995で、円形度標準偏差が0.045未満であることを特徴とする非磁性トナー。
- 該硫黄原子を有する重合体のMwが、Mw=27000〜45000であり、該荷電制御剤(b)の中心金属Mが、Al・Zn・Zrのいずれかより選ばれる金属であり、該トナーの平均円形度が0.970〜0.995で、円形度標準偏差が0.035未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非磁性トナー。
- X線光電子分光分析により測定されるトナー表面に存在する炭素元素の原子個数%(C)に対する硫黄元素の原子個数%(S)の比(S/C)が0.0005〜0.0050であり、
該トナーをアルカリ洗浄した後に検出される該荷電制御剤(a)由来の金属(M2)の蛍光X線量により求められる、トナー内部に存在する該荷電制御剤(a)の質量部が、0.02〜0.5部(トナーの質量基準)であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の非磁性トナー。 - 前記(S/C)の関係が0.001〜0.004、前記アルカリ洗浄した後に検出される荷電制御剤(a)由来の金属(M2)の蛍光X線量により求められる、トナー内部に存在する該荷電制御剤(a)の質量部が、0.06〜0.4部(トナーの質量基準)であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の非磁性トナー。
- 前記(i)が−7〜−40Vであり、前記(ii)が−7〜−45Vであり、かつ、前記(i/ii)が0.7〜1であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の非磁性トナー。
- 像担持体上に担持された静電潜像に、現像手段によってトナーを転移させることにより、該静電潜像を可視化する現像工程を有する画像形成方法において、
該現像手段は、該像担持体に対向して配置された、トナーを担持する回転可能なトナー担持体と、該トナー担持体上のトナー量を規制するトナー規制部材を有するものであり、
該トナーは、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の非磁性トナーであることを特徴とする画像形成方法。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004300918A JP4481788B2 (ja) | 2004-10-15 | 2004-10-15 | トナーおよび画像形成方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004300918A JP4481788B2 (ja) | 2004-10-15 | 2004-10-15 | トナーおよび画像形成方法 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2006113313A JP2006113313A (ja) | 2006-04-27 |
JP2006113313A5 JP2006113313A5 (ja) | 2007-11-29 |
JP4481788B2 true JP4481788B2 (ja) | 2010-06-16 |
Family
ID=36381879
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004300918A Expired - Lifetime JP4481788B2 (ja) | 2004-10-15 | 2004-10-15 | トナーおよび画像形成方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4481788B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4354963B2 (ja) | 2006-03-27 | 2009-10-28 | シャープ株式会社 | トナーの製造方法 |
JP4803811B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-15 | 2011-10-26 | 株式会社リコー | トナー製造方法、トナー、及びトナー製造装置 |
JP4465371B2 (ja) | 2007-07-13 | 2010-05-19 | シャープ株式会社 | トナーおよび二成分現像剤 |
JP2009025747A (ja) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-02-05 | Sharp Corp | トナー、二成分現像剤およびそれを用いた画像形成装置 |
JP5164715B2 (ja) | 2008-07-25 | 2013-03-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー |
JP5541673B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-28 | 2014-07-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー |
JP5541674B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-28 | 2014-07-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー |
JP5658550B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-28 | 2015-01-28 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー |
JP5526822B2 (ja) | 2010-02-01 | 2014-06-18 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 静電潜像現像用トナー、静電潜像現像剤、トナーカートリッジ、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
JP5338764B2 (ja) * | 2010-07-26 | 2013-11-13 | カシオ電子工業株式会社 | 電子写真用トナー及びその製造方法 |
JP5550484B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-10 | 2014-07-16 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナーの製造方法、および該製造方法により得られるトナー |
JP2013214005A (ja) * | 2012-04-04 | 2013-10-17 | Canon Inc | トナー |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000147828A (ja) * | 1998-06-24 | 2000-05-26 | Canon Inc | トナ―及び画像形成方法 |
JP2001005231A (ja) * | 1999-06-17 | 2001-01-12 | Canon Inc | 画像形成方法 |
JP2001318487A (ja) * | 1999-08-02 | 2001-11-16 | Canon Inc | トナー、トナーの製造方法、画像形成方法及び画像形成装置 |
JP2002040717A (ja) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-02-06 | Canon Inc | トナー |
JP2003043752A (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-14 | Canon Inc | トナー |
JP2003084501A (ja) * | 2000-07-28 | 2003-03-19 | Canon Inc | トナー、画像形成方法及びプロセスカートリッジ |
JP2003098728A (ja) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-04 | Canon Inc | トナーおよび画像形成方法 |
JP2003114544A (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-04-18 | Canon Inc | 磁性トナー |
JP2003255575A (ja) * | 2002-03-06 | 2003-09-10 | Canon Inc | トナー |
JP2003280265A (ja) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-10-02 | Canon Inc | 画像形成方法 |
-
2004
- 2004-10-15 JP JP2004300918A patent/JP4481788B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000147828A (ja) * | 1998-06-24 | 2000-05-26 | Canon Inc | トナ―及び画像形成方法 |
JP2001005231A (ja) * | 1999-06-17 | 2001-01-12 | Canon Inc | 画像形成方法 |
JP2001318487A (ja) * | 1999-08-02 | 2001-11-16 | Canon Inc | トナー、トナーの製造方法、画像形成方法及び画像形成装置 |
JP2002040717A (ja) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-02-06 | Canon Inc | トナー |
JP2003084501A (ja) * | 2000-07-28 | 2003-03-19 | Canon Inc | トナー、画像形成方法及びプロセスカートリッジ |
JP2003043752A (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-14 | Canon Inc | トナー |
JP2003114544A (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-04-18 | Canon Inc | 磁性トナー |
JP2003098728A (ja) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-04 | Canon Inc | トナーおよび画像形成方法 |
JP2003255575A (ja) * | 2002-03-06 | 2003-09-10 | Canon Inc | トナー |
JP2003280265A (ja) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-10-02 | Canon Inc | 画像形成方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2006113313A (ja) | 2006-04-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4981838B2 (ja) | 非磁性トナー | |
JP2005062807A (ja) | トナー | |
KR100338202B1 (ko) | 토너 및 화상 형성 방법 | |
KR100435019B1 (ko) | 자성 토너 | |
JP4819646B2 (ja) | 非磁性トナー | |
JP2007206171A (ja) | フルカラー画像形成装置 | |
JP4481788B2 (ja) | トナーおよび画像形成方法 | |
JPH08328312A (ja) | 画像形成方法,画像形成装置及びトナーキット | |
JP4508519B2 (ja) | 現像装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP2006235615A (ja) | トナー、画像形成方法及びプロセスカートリッジ | |
JP2008070530A (ja) | トナー | |
JP4411094B2 (ja) | 非磁性トナー | |
JP5202002B2 (ja) | 非磁性トナー | |
JP2001318487A (ja) | トナー、トナーの製造方法、画像形成方法及び画像形成装置 | |
JP4810183B2 (ja) | トナーの製造方法 | |
JP3927814B2 (ja) | 非磁性一成分接触現像用トナーおよび画像形成方法 | |
JP2009069851A (ja) | 現像装置及び画像形成装置 | |
JP4343757B2 (ja) | トナー | |
JP2006301091A (ja) | 画像形成方法及び現像装置 | |
JP5335333B2 (ja) | 画像形成方法 | |
JP2005338690A (ja) | トナーおよび画像形成方法 | |
JP2004126006A (ja) | 現像装置及び現像剤 | |
JP2006106198A (ja) | トナー及び製造方法 | |
JP2006184698A (ja) | 非磁性一成分補給トナーを用いた画像形成装置 | |
JP2005049396A (ja) | 非磁性トナー及び画像形成方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20071011 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20071011 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20090721 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090728 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20090928 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20091215 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100215 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20100316 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20100318 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130326 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4481788 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140326 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
S802 | Written request for registration of partial abandonment of right |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R311802 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |