JP4473731B2 - Anti-icing system for wind power plant - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to deicing and anti-icing applied to Wind Energy Converting Systems (WECS). The wind energy conversion system comprises deicing and anti-icing devices and methods for preventing and avoiding accretion on the wind turbine rotor blades in the wind energy conversion system (WECS). In particular, systems have been proposed that prevent and / or remove ice deposits that grow on the WECS rotor blades when the system operates in predetermined climatic and environmental conditions or conditions.

  Ice buildup on the blade profile (profile), and more specifically on wind turbine rotor blades, has a serious impact on the hydrodynamic properties of the components. In particular, the overall lift and drag for both a single profile and blade has its three-dimensional evolution, and thus the pressure distribution along the associated surface changes significantly. It is often very difficult to leadsee how such factors change in response to ice deposition or deposition on the surface. As a result, in operation, the blades in operation will significantly degrade the general aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine, as well as different flexion and torsional stresses for the design conditions. )

  In summary, the power generated by the WECS rotor when power is on the rotor blades (power, power, power) is much less than the power generated in the absence of ice. In contrast, due to the increase in mass and the difference in mass distribution caused by the ice present along the relevant surfaces, the blades have static and dynamic behavior that is completely modified for design conditions. A significant problem must be added.

  In addition, there are non-negligible issues regarding the safety of WECS in terms of the safety of people or objects in the vicinity of the above system and the possibility of the system itself to fail, fail and break down under such operating conditions. . In fact, if the blade is operated with ice on its surface, ice pieces may fall off the blade in a form that is completely unpredictable.

The event causes the following:
1) Such ice pieces hit objects and people around the system described above.
2) During the operation of the wind turbine rotor, structural stresses of fundamental (essential) aeroelastic nature that suddenly almost cannot be foreseen occur.

  For example, an important ice mass that suddenly cannot be foreseen once the conditions for ice flaking off occur due to the important dimensions of the previous generation WECS that the rotor diameter is 90m and the tower height reaches 100m Can move away like a bullet from a blade and cause severe damage or damage to the surrounding environment. It is intuitively easy to see that such an event that does not happen at all can have serious consequences and may be a legal matter.

  Regarding point 2) above, this is not a small problem at all. During WECS operation, structural vibrations of aeroelastic nature can cause significant structural stresses across both the individual blades and the system. Structural resonance can occur due to blade failure (eg, as a flutter phenomenon that is not easily predicted when the pressure distribution on the blade surface is very different from the design), as well as damage to the entire system or It can be caused by a failure (from literature it is well known that the bridge was destroyed by a gust in the early 20th century).

  For the reasons described above, the WECS is stopped when the presence of ice on the blade is detected. Such an outage may take more or less long time depending on the severity of the problem. In fact, if ice cannot be sufficiently removed by available deicing equipment, the result is whether the system is installed in a particularly important area where ice formation is of particular concern (relevant) The system may be usable only for a limited number of days in a year. Current estimates indicate that about 20-50% of the normal annual production when the system runs continuously is lost.

Several solutions are known that attempt to solve the difficult problem of ice formation on WECS blades. The system applied in this field substantially follows the following three principles.
I) Using an endothermic blade surface lining (surface layer) from solar thermal radiation,
II) Locally heating the blade surface where ice formation is a concern (related),
III) Circulating heated air within the blade body to transfer heat to the blade outer surface where the internal heat conduction is a concern (relevant) to ice adhesion.

  The first type of system is obviously only effective to some extent when the sun is out, and therefore only when the daytime solar radiation is in good climatic conditions. However, since it is at night that the most dangerous operating condition for ice deposits is reached, such a system is not available whenever it is needed.

  With respect to point II), the system uses Joule effect heating, typically using a sheet of electrically resistive or thermally conductive material embedded inside the blade surface. Such sheets are electrically heated and are a large part of the additional electrical conductivity that is applied to the shallow layers of the blade, particularly those areas prone to freezing, in the blade assembly.

  A system of the type described above appears to fit the purpose, i.e. it is effective to prevent ice build-up during WECS operation and to remove ice formed on the blade, for example during system shutdown. . To date, however, these systems have the disadvantage that this type of solution has been used in only a few systems, almost all of which are for research purposes.

  Indeed, in order to operate efficiently, Type II) deicing and anti-icing device configurations first require a fairly complex ice adhesion control and management mechanism. These mechanisms use a plurality of ice positioning sensors and control and management processing software to control the power supply to an area (area) where there is a risk or ice deposit. WECS complexity, cost, reliability and maintenance issues are significant in the long run.

  Furthermore, the power required to heat the sheet by the Joule effect can represent a completely non-negligible proportion of the total generated power of WECS. Under certain predetermined conditions, an amount of power very close to the generated power may be absorbed. Consequently, as a result, the actual efficiency of the system is drastically reduced and only a fairly unsatisfactory production rate (power generation) is obtained in critical operating conditions.

  Another drawback is that when the WECS is idle, i.e. when the rotor is rotating without generating electricity, the power required to prevent or remove ice deposits is acquired by the electric grid. The system must be unprofitable in such a situation.

  Furthermore, the above-described thermally conductive sheet bonded to the blade surface is very easily worn or worn, requiring frequent maintenance work, reducing the utility of the power generation machine. The above-described sheet is substantially made of a metal material and attracts lightning in the atmosphere. The bolts can severely damage not only deicing and anti-icing devices, but also available electrical devices and machines, and in some cases can cause failure or failure to the rotor discharged from the bolts. May occur.

  Once significant power is supplied to the above-described sheet, a very strong rotating electrostatic field is generated, resulting in contaminating and undesirable electromagnetic noise effects around the WECS.

  A non-negligible disadvantage of the above solution is given by the wind turbine manufacturer when the deicing and anti-icing configuration as described above is incorporated into the blade structure, along with any insertion device in the blade structure. The warranty will be void.

  Furthermore, as experimentally verified, ice can grow anywhere on the blade surface under certain environmental and weather conditions, and the blade should be almost entirely covered by a thermally conductive sheet.

  As a result, manufacturing and maintenance costs are unrealistically high and, when combined with the total efficiency of the system, which is not necessarily high, are obviously not reasonable.

Type III) systems circulate heated air in the blade body suitable for heating the blade body and also heating the air and external surfaces in the blade body by heat conduction within the material comprising the blade body. There is a patent document disclosing a device for this purpose. For example, the text of the German patent DE19621485 contains a description and details of the relevant solution.
German patent DE19621485

  In the above-mentioned patent document, internal air recirculation controlled by a fan is adopted for each blade, and the air is heated by electric resistance. All the components are arranged on the rotor hub. In particular, two pipes that allow heated air to flow in a predetermined direction are provided at the tip of the blade, and one pipe draws heated air from the rear part of the blade to allow internal recirculation of the air. It is so adapted.

  This solution has a small discharge aperture at the far end of the blade to avoid the accumulation of condensed water at cooler locations in the flow farther from the heat generator. Features are shown. The far end portion of the blade is actually a portion where ice adhesion is likely to occur. In order to supply as much heat as possible to that end, a continuous support member of a thermally conductive material such as aluminum can be further provided inside the blade, near the leading edge. . The rotor blades are typically made of a low thermal conductivity composite material, such as resin glass, but the solution creates an efficient thermal bridge for heating.

  This system has the following drawbacks. First, in the actual dimensions of the blade, the thickness of the blade can reach 60 mm in several ways, and within the blade to efficiently heat the entire blade body including the associated external surface. There is a need to provide a lot of heat to the circulating air. Wind turbines equipped with such a system have very low efficiency when there is a risk of icing, even assuming they can successfully supply and send all the power necessary to achieve the anti-icing effect. Indicates. The reason is that in order to heat the blade surface, the entire blade mass must be heated, and the amount of power converted to heat is actually significant.

  Fan manufacturers are known to dislike the use of fans inside rotating elements. The reason is that failure or failure and destruction are likely to occur due to the action of Coriolis force on the rotating member of the fan.

  In summary, the forced air circulation solution described above can only be implemented if the system is shut down, and it is easy to imagine that there are all logistic limitations of the result. .

The documents German Patent Publication DE 842 330 and German Patent DE 19802574 exemplify anti-icing devices for wind turbine systems. Each wind turbine blade has an opening in its blade. The opening is preferably located at the end of the blade span in relation to the air flow entering the blade and is warmed by flowing to enclose the current generator / motor parts. The openings on the wing blades are arranged and designed so that the warmed air flow in the blades flows continuously into the blades by the centrifugal effect and heat exchanges with the blade internal components to heat the blades.
German Patent Publication No. DE8423330 German patent DE 19802574

German utility model DE 20014238 U1 is also known. In this document, air is circulated in a blade body by a method in which air is heated by waste heat of an electrical device included in a nacelle (housing body) of a wind turbine. Since a fan for forced air circulation is located in the nacelle of the device, a ventilation or circulation system that can operate with the operating rotor is used. Further, a continuous superheated air distribution (distribution) system is provided inside each blade.
German utility model DE2001238

  The embodiment has the disadvantage that it is quite complex and difficult to implement. The reason is that it uses an intermediate fluid to achieve heat exchange between the waste heat of the electrical device and the circulating air inside the blade.

  Furthermore, the aforementioned German patent DE19621485 has the same drawback, i.e. the blade is made of a low thermal conductivity material and is quite thick so that the surface of the blade can be heated effectively and efficiently. Not guaranteed.

  Furthermore, the heat supplied by forced circulation of the fluid flow in the electrical device is not reliably sufficient to avoid the problem of ice adhesion, especially in critical environmental conditions. To that end, a corresponding amount of heat, typically obtained by the Joule effect, must always be applied.

  It should be emphasized that the low thermal conductivity of the material comprising the blade significantly impairs the effective heat exchange between the fluid flow and the blade body. Overall, when a thermally conductive metal part reaching the far end of the blade is inserted into the blade, the structure of the blade becomes complicated and the effectiveness of the device is reduced. In order to heat the blade body of the wind turbine, the effect is high when a large amount of power is taken from the distribution network, but the total efficiency of the WECS is reduced in a critical operating state.

  The type of heat supply selected by the above-mentioned patent solution, i.e. the internal transfer or convection of heat from the blade body to the external surface, indeed represents a major limit to the de-icing and anti-icing effects. This type of solution actually uses a very large amount of heat output for the desired purpose and cannot deliver heat only to specific surface areas of the blade where ice is a concern. In particular, the tip (tip) area of the blade where ice adhesion is most concerned is the flow of the above internal air that has transferred heat to the area close to the base end (root) of the blade. It is also the region that can be reached at the lowest temperature.

  The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the known techniques mentioned above and to present a markedly improved deicing and anti-icing device which can be used in a wind energy conversion system (WECS).

  Within this range, an object of the present invention is to realize a simple and reliable deicing and anti-icing device that requires less maintenance work and is low in mounting cost.

  Another object of the present invention is to decisively increase the number of days in a year in which WECS operates continuously with respect to events occurring in systems using known solutions. With the deicing and anti-icing device according to the invention, it is also possible to completely avoid the risk of icing or a stop only due to actual ice adhesion on the blade.

  Another object of the present invention is to ensure high efficiency of WECS without stopping WECS, especially in critical operating conditions for ice adhesion.

  Yet another object of the deicing and anti-icing device according to the present invention is to provide anti-icing properties even when the rotor is idle, i.e. when the generator is not generating power. is there. Such a system can in fact avoid the use of an external power source, such as receiving power from a distribution network.

  Yet another object is to facilitate maintenance work on the individual rotor blades, especially the cleaning of the surface. In fact, a problem associated with wind turbine operation is the accumulation of organic or inorganic residues in the fluid flow impinging on the blades, which residue accumulates specifically in the area corresponding to the edge of the blade profile and its fluid dynamics. Change the characteristic.

  Yet another object is to reduce the level of sound generation due to wind turbine blade rotation.

  Yet another object is to avoid or reduce the adhesion and accumulation of the above-mentioned solid deposits on the blade.

  To achieve the above object, the subject of the present invention is a deicing and anti-icing device included in WECS, and in WECS having the features of claim which is an important part of the specification, the rotor blades of a wind turbine It is a method to prevent the above ice adhesion. The deicing and anti-icing device described above and the corresponding method use the idea of a completely new solution in the field of WECS.

  Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and drawings. However, the examples given there are merely for explanation and do not limit the invention.

  FIG. 1 schematically shows a WECS for generating (generating) electric power indicated by 1 as a whole in a fluid flow or wind indicated by an arrow indicated by V. It comprises known structural elements such as a rotor, generally indicated at 2, a nacelle 3 and a tower 4. The tower 4 is placed on the ground or on the foundation or basement where the equipment of the system 1 is designed. The nacelle 3 is located on the tower 4 and defines its direction according to the wind characteristics (direction) by means of known devices or configurations not shown for simplicity of the drawing.

  The rotor 2 characteristically has a hub 2F that is adapted to fit on the rotating shaft 7 of the wind turbine of WECS 1. The hub 2F supports an adjustment device (adapter) or “extension device (extension)” 2E connected to be securely fixed to the structure. Such an adjusting device 2E is designed to bolt each of the blades 5 of the rotor 2 internally and is shown in FIGS. The rotor 2 in the illustrated example has three blades 5 that are substantially identical to each other. Corresponding to the rotor 2, a fairing or spinner 6 is provided in the front part of the nacelle 3 that is adapted to perform aerodynamic and structural functions. . Inside the nacelle 3, more specifically in a capsule 11 whose features will be described in detail later, the rotation of the rotor 2 is converted into electric power, and in particular, the alternating current supplied to the transmission line or distribution network connected to the WECS 1 All components adapted for conversion are provided.

  In the embodiment schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 for the purpose of illustrating the invention and not limiting, from the outside to the inside, on the shaft 7, the rotor of the synchronous motor (motor, generator) 9. 2 and a rotating part (rotor) R are fitted in a known form. The shaft 7 can rotate relative to a fixed support 8 of the nacelle 3 of the wind turbine of the WECS 1. A fixed part (stator) S of the electric motor 9 facing the direction of the rotating part R is fixed to such a support part 8 in a known form in which an electric current is generated when the rotating part R is rotating. The current flows through the synchronous motor 9 (under current). The generated current is sent to an intermediate electrical circuit or inverter IN and sent to a transmission line or distribution network at an appropriate frequency and design voltage.

  In the nacelle 3, another electric unit (device) 10 electrically connected to the inverter IN and / or the distribution network (power transmission line) is provided, and this electric unit 10 is used for the operation of each component of the WECS 1. It has an auxiliary power (power supply) system adapted to supply (power) all the necessary electromechanical devices. Such components include an anemometer that measures wind force and wind direction, a computer for controlling the operation of the above-described device, and other known electrical devices not shown for simplicity. For example, a small motor that controls the lower (small) distribution system of the nacelle, ie a small motor that controls the inclination or “pitch” of the blades 5 of the rotor 2 depending on the wind characteristics. is there.

  The capsule 11 is fixed to the nacelle 3 and is substantially closed, and is made of a material having low thermal conductivity, for example, a resin glass type composite material. In this way, an accumulation volume space (volume, internal space, volume) for circulating air in the wind turbine of WECS 1 is specified. The air is thermally insulated from the external environment and contacts and heats the heated parts of the electrical devices 9, 10, IN in the capsule 11.

  The capsule 11 has one or more openings through which one or more openings 3A arranged at the rear part of the nacelle 3 communicates fluids to the outside for intake of air into the capsule 11A. 11A is shown at the rear. At the front, one or more flow windows (openings) are provided in the front wall 11P, and the windows draw air sucked through the openings 11A of the capsule 11 from the accumulation volume space to the hub 2F of the rotor 2. And distribute.

  In FIG. 1, the tip portion (tip portion) 5 </ b> E of the blade 5 is shown with several openings or openings 12 communicating with the inside of the blade 5 on the surface 5 </ b> S. Details of such a blade 5 are shown in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3, which show a perspective view of a tip 5E against which wind V strikes and a typical cross section 5P or profile of the blade. ing.

  The aperture or aperture 12 may be circular, elliptical or any other cross section or portion. The apertures 12 need only have the same or different shapes depending on the region or area of the surface 5S on which they are placed, and their features are selected based on specific research and numerical experimental investigations.

  FIG. 2 shows the tip 5E of the blade 5, the surface 5S of which has a first series of openings or apertures 12 (12L) near its front edge, and a trailing edge. There is a second series of apertures 12T in the vicinity. Their edges belong to each blade 5 associated with a cross section 5P along the longitudinal direction of the blade 5. The arrow F indicates the air flow through the opening or opening 12 in the surface 5S.

  As clearly shown in FIG. 3, the tip portion 5E is divided into three volume spaces whose interior is substantially identified by two bulkheads (partitions, partitions), and the first volume space. 14 corresponds to the first series 12L of apertures 12, the second volume space 15 corresponds to the second series 12T apertures 12, and finally the third volume space 16 corresponds to the two volume spaces. It is formed in the middle, that is, at a position corresponding to the center of the outer shape. Inside the third volume space 16, two girders 17A and 17B having a support function corresponding to (in contrast to) the surface 5S of the blade 5 according to known technology are arranged. The surface 5S of each blade 5 is composed of two shells (shells, outer shells) and half parts (half shells, semishells) 5U and 5L, and an upper part generally made of a composite material such as resin glass. It consists of a lower part.

FIG. 4 shows the structure of three different possible apertures 12 present on the surface 5S of the blade 5. That is,
1) In the first type shown in FIG. 4a, the aperture 12 has a constant cross section for air flowing from the inner surface 5Si of the blade 5 to the outer surface 5Se;
2) In the second type shown in FIG. 4b, the aperture 12 is widened and has an axis substantially perpendicular to the direction of the flow V outside the blade 5 as in 1). Have.
3) In the third type shown in FIG. 4c, the aperture 12 has substantially parallel walls and an inclined axis, and forms a predetermined acute angle with respect to an axis perpendicular to the outer surface. The direction of the air flowing out to the outside has a direction according to the direction of the external flow V.

  FIGS. 2 and 3 show the behavior of the air flow circulating in the blade when the deicing and anti-icing device according to the invention is operating. Next, such behavior will be further explained. In FIG. 2, there is an air flow related to the first volume space 14 indicated by the arrow F1, and there is an air flow related to the second volume space 15 indicated by the arrow F2. Both air streams F1 and F2 move from the base of each blade to the tip. The fluid flow indicated by F circulates in the wind turbine of WECS 1 and reaches the surface 5S and exits from the aperture 12 to form a fluid film or film as will now be further described. .

  In FIG. 3, the air in the blade 5 flows out from the plurality of apertures 12 as indicated by F and mixes in the external fluid flow V.

  FIGS. 5 and 6 show a specific manufacturing method of the two shell halves 5U and 5L forming the outer shell or outer surface 5S of each blade 5. FIG. In particular, the two shell halves 5U and 5L are formed by stacking a plurality of composite fiber sheets 18 each having an opening or opening 12 formed therein. In this way, the problem of weakening the composite fiber by mechanically drilling to form the aperture 12 is eliminated. Such multiple sheets 18 are then bonded or otherwise joined together to create their shell halves 5U and 5L so that they (shell halves 5U and 5L) immediately They are ready to be assembled together and assembled into the structure of the bearing blade 5 by known technical methods not mentioned here for the sake of simplicity.

  6a to 6c in FIG. 6 show the arrangement and structure of the sheet 18 in the vicinity of each of the apertures 12. The plurality of sheets 18 having a plurality of boundary surfaces 12B are adapted to individually form the flow paths constituting each opening 12, and each axis of the opening 12 existing on the surface 5S of the blade 5 is Note that it is ready to be assembled to lie on a straight line. Figures 6a, 6b and 6c correspond to Figures 4a, 4b and 4c of the type of aperture 12 described above.

  FIG. 7 shows a detail of the hub 2 </ b> F of the rotor 2 at a position where the blade 5 is inserted into the hub 2 </ b> F, a partial cross-sectional assembly view with a cut-out surface passing through the central plane of the blade 5. Also shown is a detail of a substantially cylindrical extension device 2E which has an opening 19 which faces in the direction of the capsule 11 of the nacelle 3 in the lateral direction. The hub 2F is formed in the shape of a circular ring corresponding to the window 11L of the capsule 11, and an opening 19 corresponding to each of the blades 5 of the rotor 2 is formed in the ring. Between the opening 19 through which fluid flows into the capsule 11 through the window 11L and the inner part of the extension device 2E, there are provided a plurality of known support elements 20 not described in detail here for the sake of simplicity. Such a support element 20 allows air to flow from the capsule 11 to the opening 19 without any external leakage, even when the rotor 2 is moving, ie when the WECS 1 wind turbine is running, and then the extension device 2E. It is adapted to be distributed inside. The base end portion 5R of the blade 5 engages or locks with one of the plurality of base portions of the cylinder forming the extension device 2E.

  In the cross-sectional view of FIG. 7, the internal baffle assembly (designated 21) is adapted to divert the internal air flow coming from the capsule 11 and hub 12F. In particular, in the blade 5 there is a first baffle 21A adapted to define its first volume space 14 in the blade 5 and the first baffle 21A is in a known form. 5 is connected to the first bulkhead 13A at the tip 5E. Similarly, the second baffle 21 </ b> B is joined to a second bulkhead 13 </ b> B that defines a second volume space 15 in the blade 5.

  The third baffle 21C is joined to the previous baffles 21A and 21B, exists in the extension device 2E, and once the blade 5 is incorporated into the extension device 2E, the air flow in the two volume spaces 14 and 15 is reduced. Only one internal baffle 21 is formed which baffles (regulates, inhibits, bends) the circulation.

  FIG. 8 shows the circulation of the air flow F in the WECS 1 wind turbine. It constitutes means for realizing the deicing and anti-icing effects according to the present invention having the form (modality) described below.

  As will be described below, the air flow F has a flow path that circulates in the wind turbine of the WECS 1 in which the rotor 2 is operating.

  The air flow F flows from the opening 3A of the nacelle 3 and reaches the accumulation volume space constituted by the internal space of the capsule 11 through the opening 11A of the capsule 11. Therefore, it (air flow F) flows around the electric unit 10 and the inverter IN so as to wrap around the opening of the fixed (stationary) portion S and reaches the rotating portion R of the electric motor (generator) 9. From there, the air flow F reaches the hub 2F of the rotor 2 through the window 11L and then reaches the inside of the blade 5, ie the first and second volume spaces 14 and 15. Within the hub 2F, the air flow F is actually deflected by the presence of the baffle 21 (see FIG. 7) and the interior of the tip 5E of each blade 5 having the bulkheads 13A and 13B as clearly shown in FIGS. Proceed to In this way, two air flows F1 and F2 separated in each of the blades 5 are formed, respectively, proceeding from the base end portion to the tip portion of the blade 5, and one air flow is in the first volume space. 14, the other air flow flows into the second volume space 15 and flows out through the first series 12L of openings 12 and the second series 12T of openings 12 present on each surface 5S of the blade 5. To do.

  Such behavior of the air flow F is substantially caused by a global pressure difference occurring between the internal flow and the external flow, taking into account the rotation of the rotor 2 and the associated dynamic effects according to known configurations.

  With reference to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the air flow F exiting the aperture or opening 12 interacts with the wind V impinging on the blade 5 to cause air to flow onto the outer surface 5 E of the blade 5 associated with the aperture 12. A layer or membrane (film) is formed, ie its downstream (downstream part). Such an air film deflects the fluid flow of the wind V by known thermal and kinetic effects, diverting the direct impact on the outside of the surface 5S of the blade 5, heating the fluid flow, Prevents wet particles of wind V from condensing to form ice.

  The outflow from the aperture 12 prevents not only wet particles but also direct impact on the surface 5S of the wind V of any object with a mass relatively small relative to the amount (mass) of the air outflow. For example, many small insects are prevented from accumulating on the rotor blades of a wind turbine. If small insects accumulate, you will have to shut down the system regularly to remove them.

  The opening or opening 12 is formed in the vicinity of the front edge and the rear edge of the outer shape 5P of each blade 5. The reason is that at those positions the blade temperature is the lowest, the fluid flow pressure of the wind V acting on the surface 5S is the highest and therefore the risk of ice particle deposition is the highest. Such an arrangement of the specific apertures 12 is realized in this example, but the whole outer shape is different, for example, to guide air in the third volume space 16 (see FIG. 3) (to provide an outlet). An arrangement could also be realized.

  In order to better prevent the risk of freezing, the fluid flows out uniformly from the apertures 12 not only along the entire outer shape 5P but also along all the external surfaces 5S of each blade 5 associated with the apertures 12. It is convenient to form the air film F. To that end, air has a suitable enthalpy content, and its apertures and conduits are related to mass, pressure, direction, verse and strength with respect to the rate of exit from aperture 12. The size (size) is adjusted so as to give an appropriate value to the air outflow flow F. To that end, the aperture 12 can be adjusted to an appropriate size, some examples being shown in FIG.

  As is well known, the aperture 12 in FIG. 4a causes fluid F to flow out in an orthogonal relationship to the wind V, while the aperture in FIG. 4b restores pressure and thus reduces the outflow rate, while FIG. The opening contributes to energize the fluid flow of the wind V impinging on each outer shape 5P. As is known in the aeronautics literature, such a facilitating process is such that the overall aerodynamic performance of the blade 5 and thus the aerodynamic efficiency can be improved, so that the overall WECS 1 The performance is improved, i.e. more power (power, power) is obtained in the main bearing of the wind turbine. Indeed, with the proper amount of enthalpy related to the air circulating inside the WECS 1, the air outflow F is such that it has a predetermined angle with respect to the direction of the fluid flow of the wind V impinging on each surface 5S of the blade 5. You can reach the goal (achieve the goal).

  In summary, the present invention is implemented in a WECS that utilizes the hydrothermodynamic effect of a fluid air outflow on at least a portion of a wind turbine rotor blade having a enthalpy amount that is definitely greater than the wind driving the wind turbine. The present invention relates to a deicing and anti-icing device. In addition, such systems utilize the same heat that arises from the electrical devices present in the generator and inevitably dissipates during its operation to increase the enthalpy of the fluid air outflow.

In fact, the behavior of the fluid F in the WECS 1 described above shows the following two operating states that are clearly different. That is,
1) A state in which the rotor R is connected, and thus electric power is generated, and heat is dissipated from all electrical devices present in the capsule 11 of the WECS 1.
2) A state in which the rotor R of the electric motor 9 is at rest, and thus there is no power generation and no heat dissipation.

  In state 1), the air taken in from the environment surrounding the WECS has a pressure substantially equal to the ambient pressure and in the accumulation volume space in contact with the electrical devices 9, 10, IN present in the capsule 11. It is heated and then flows out of such a volume space, i.e. out of the capsule 11. In addition, the air loses moisture, condenses and contacts the walls of all elements of WECS 1. Thus, the air flow F flowing out of the aperture 12 has a higher temperature and higher pressure and a significantly lower humidity than the fluid flow of the wind V impinging on the blade surface 5S.

  State 2) differs from state 1) in that there is no significant (large) heat exchange between the air flow F and the electrical devices 9, 10 and IN, and other aforementioned phenomena and anti-icing effects. There is no change.

  The point to be emphasized here is that the air outflow F flowing out of the aperture 12 is not only the fluid flow of the wind V hitting the outer surface 5S related to the aperture 12, but also the outside of the blade 5 such as water or ice. To thermodynamically interact with any other fluid or solid (solid) that may be present on the surface 5S. The WECS 1 wind turbine may actually operate in heavy rain or in the presence of some previously formed ice.

  Another point to be emphasized is the vibration of the air flow F in the deicing and anti-icing device, at least in the path between the accumulation volume space, ie the capsule 11 and the hub 2F, and from there to the base end 5R of the blade 5. (Pulsating) characteristics.

  The air flow F does not actually pass (circulate) continuously from the window 11L of the capsule 11 to the opening 19 of the hub 2F. This is because each opening 19 is arranged only at a position corresponding to each of the blades 5. Accordingly, the fluid F is sucked into each blade 5 each time the associated opening 19 is in communication with the window 11L. Each blade is so supplied during that period each time the rotor 2 comes intermittently (intermittently) at a predetermined angle. Such intermittent operation varies according to the capsule front wall 11P having several windows 11L on the peripheral surface at a height corresponding to the height of the opening 19 of the hub 2F. At best, the window 11 could form a substantially continuous circular ring.

  The intermittent operation ensures that the air flow F remains in the accumulation volume space for a longer time, and thus a greater amount of enthalpy may be obtained at the inlet of the proximal end 5R of each blade 5.

  Obviously, the following advantages of the deicing and anti-icing device are obtained by the above description of the present invention and the operations that represent non-limiting examples.

  The de-icing and anti-icing device is a simple and reliable implementation and does not require a control system once the various members are properly sized and shaped. Thus, implementation and implementation costs are reduced for known less efficient systems.

  Furthermore, its simplicity and the need for management and control systems are not necessary, so it operates inherently safely, thus greatly reducing faults or failures or risks.

  Another advantage is that it guarantees the high efficiency of WECS and avoids stopping even in operating conditions that are particularly critical for ice deposition. In summary, even for situations that occur in systems using known solutions, the number of days in a year that WECS can operate continuously increases significantly.

  Such effects of the deicing and anti-icing devices are due to the thermal and hydrodynamic effects produced by the fluid flowing out of the aperture. The thermal effect is basically due to the formation of a boundary thermal layer with increased enthalpy, where the drop absorbs heat and partially or completely evaporates, at the blade surface. Avoid ice adhesion. Its hydrodynamic effect is due to deviations caused by the air film against water droplets and various natural impact particles (eg insects, sand). This effect is maximized at certain speeds and particle sizes.

  Another advantage of the deicing and anti-icing device is that the deicing and anti-icing device is effective even when the rotor is at rest or when the generator is not generating power. The system does not actually require power to operate properly, and therefore does not need to draw current from the transmission line or distribution network, unlike some known solutions.

  Another advantage is that the number and duration of system shutdowns can be reduced because there is no need to remove solid residue from the rotor blades.

  In addition, the system keeps the manufacturer's warranty of the rotor blades effective without changing the structural strength of the blades.

  Another advantage is that the favorable interaction between the fluid flow exiting the rotor blade aperture and the main flow impinging on the blade reduces the noise generated by the rotating blade.

  Another advantage is to utilize substantially all of the heat dissipated by the power equipment present in the WECS to increase the amount of circulatory fluid enthalpy that produces deicing and anti-icing effects. In other words, when the rotor is at rest, almost all power (work rate, power) that is not collected from the main bearings of the WECS wind turbine and not from the distribution network is used for deicing and anti-icing purposes. To be recovered.

  It is clear that an expert in this field can make several modifications of the WECS deicing and anti-icing device according to the present invention without departing from the novel principles of the inventive concept. It is. Also, in actual implementations, the shape of the details described above may be different, and the details could be replaced with technically equivalent components.

  FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a variation of the possible embodiment WECS, generally designated 1 '. The variation is suitable for forming an internal air flow F 'with a slightly different configuration of its members and having a slightly modified path shown in the same figure with respect to the system of FIG.

  In particular, the WECS 1 'is of a type that houses an electrical transformer (converter) TR in the support tower 4', ie corresponding to the ground so as not to have any other large suspended mass (weight). . In the vicinity of the transformer TR, the base of the tower 4 ′ has an air intake for taking in the circulating air flow F ′ in the air WECS 1 ′, and the taken air flow flows so as to wrap around the transformer TR. . Since the capsule 11 'in this variant embodiment is closed at the rear, such an air intake is only present there throughout the system 1'. Instead, the capsule 11 'constitutes a storage volume space for the air flow F' and flows the fluid from the tower 4 'to the tower 4' for the flow path of the fluid F into the capsule 11 '. You may have the opening made (connected).

  Thus, the air flow F ′ is sucked into the base of the tower 4 ′, flows so as to wrap around the transformer TR, leads up the tower 4 ′, and flows into the storage volume space, ie into the capsule 11 ′. . The remaining paths are completely similar to the system of FIG.

  In the variant of FIG. 9, the air flow F 'circulates inside the WECS, flows out of the rotor blade aperture, and gains more heat by contact with the transformer TR.

  As an advantage, the transformer can also be provided with suitable fins for all power devices present in the nacelle of the system to transfer heat to the air stream.

  It should be pointed out that a system using a tower with a height exceeding 100 m is currently designed. As a result, the additional path covered by the air flow F 'promotes moisture condensation by contact with the inner wall of the tower or by contact with a snake-like tortuous path or guide path that may be provided therein.

  The above-described variant has the advantage that the amount of enthalpy of the air flow F directed to achieve the hydrothermodynamic effect on the blades of the WECS wind turbine can be increased while simultaneously reducing its humidity. it can. In this way, the effectiveness of the deicing and anti-icing device according to the present invention is improved because it can withstand more critical (critical) ambient conditions with respect to the possibility of ice sticking to the rotor blades. .

  FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of another possible variant of the WECS deicing and anti-icing device comprising a system generally indicated by 1 ″, the air flow F constituting the main means for realizing the system. "It is shown.

  The variation is that the area between the capsule and the rotor hub 2F of the system 1 ″ in front of the capsule 11 is different from the system of FIG. 1. In that area, the shaft 7 has a front portion 11P of the capsule 11 on it. A facing (facing) movable distributing disk 22 is arranged. FIG. 11 shows the distribution of the fluid F "of WECS 1 in each proximal end 5R of the blades 5 of the rotor 2, and thus different intermittents. It is shown how the distribution disc 22 is adapted to obtain a typical operation.

  The distribution disc 22 has an angular velocity between an engagement (key) aperture 22C (see FIG. 11) on the distribution disc 22 and the shaft 7 of the system 1 ″ engaged (inserted) into the aperture. Can be shown to be inserted, which means are known, in particular, as a reduction (deceleration) / increase (acceleration) mechanism and / or a small motor and are shown for simplicity. It is for changing the angular velocity of the disk with respect to the shaft 7 to be fixed.

  11a of FIG. 11 shows a distribution disc 22 of the type having a single aperture 22D having a dimension substantially corresponding to the dimension of the opening 19 of the hub 2F of the rotor 2 facing the aperture 22D. . In FIG. 11b, another distribution disc 22 'is shown having three apertures, each aperture 22D having the same characteristics as a single aperture 22D of the disc 22. FIG. 11 c shows a distribution disc 22 ″ having apertures 22 S of the same shape having the shape of a circular fan distributed asymmetrically with respect to the center of the disc.

  Between the distribution disk 22 and the front wall 11P and between the distribution disk 22 and the opening 19, known holding means, not shown in detail for the sake of simplicity, are inserted.

  The various structures of the distribution discs 22, 22 ', 22 "advantageously provide the possibility of various intermittent movements of the air flow F" entering the WECS blade 5, together with the aforementioned means of changing the angular velocity.

  In this way, as an advantage, once it has been verified that such intermittent values of flow can improve the effectiveness of the WECS deicing and anti-icing device in predetermined operating and ambient conditions, an experimental test Can provide certain intermittent operations that may be required.

  The distribution discs 22, 22 ′ and 22 ″ of FIG. 11 can be used for further variants of the WECS according to the invention. They can be used together with the above-mentioned means for changing the angular velocity, with the fixed partition existing in the configuration of FIG. It can actually be inserted directly into the front wall 11P of the capsule 11 of the WECS 1 ″ so as to replace the (partition). In this case, in order to maintain the required insulation (insulation) of the accumulation volume space of the circulating air flow F ″, the outside of the disks 22, 22 ′, 22 ″ and the inside of the front wall 11P of the capsule 11 There are known radial retaining means in between.

  As an advantage, such a deformation shows a small structural complexity with respect to the deformation of FIG. 10 and at the same time shows that the intermittent operation of the circulating air flow F ″ can be greatly changed.

  FIG. 12 shows another variation of the deicing and anti-icing device or WECS according to the present invention. In particular, FIG. 12 shows a schematic perspective view of the assembly of blade 5 and extension device 2E ', where the path of air flow F is in the rotor hub not shown for simplicity. Unlike the extension device 2E of FIG. 1 which is composed of a single piece of cylinder having the function of coupling between the hub 2F and each of the blades 5, the extension device 2E ′ is actually substantially Although it has a cylindrical shape, it has a special configuration. In fact, in the extension device 2E 'there is a second distribution disc 23 which is arranged with respect to the proximal end 5R of the blade 5 assembled in the extension device 2E'. The second distribution disk 23 is coupled to an extension device 2E 'that is movable in the angular direction with the aid of known devices not shown for the sake of simplicity present in the extension device 2E'. Thereby, the second distribution disc 23 is substantially adapted to rotate only on a shaft that substantially coincides with a cylindrical direct line forming a lateral surface. Yes.

  Within the proximal end 5R of the blade 5, a partial view of the first bulkhead 13A and the second bulkhead 13B shows the associated air in the direction of the end of the blade 5E and hence the end of the outflow aperture or opening 12. A first internal volume space 14 and a second internal volume space 15 for the flow paths of the flows F1 and F2 are partitioned, respectively.

  FIG. 13 shows a top view of the second distribution disk 23 in a possible embodiment. FIG. 13 shows a window 24 having a circular sector shape with dimensions substantially corresponding to or slightly smaller than the flow path cross section of the volume spaces 14 and 15.

  Each such channel cross-section is defined by the shape and arrangement of the associated first bulkhead 13A and second bulkhead 13B of the blade 5 that represents (identifies) a predetermined extension with respect to radius and circumference. That is clear. Accordingly, the window 24 of the first type 24A is provided to open a flow path toward the first volume space 14 defined by the first bulkhead 13A, and corresponds to the front end edge of the associated outer shape 5P. A flow path of the air flow F toward the surface 5S of the blade 5 is formed. Analogously to that, the window 24 of the second series 24B has a shape for the flow path of the air flow F into the second volume space 15, from which the rear end of the associated outer shape 5P. A path to the surface 5S of the blade 5 is formed in the vicinity of the edge.

  In an exemplary exemplary embodiment, the second distribution disk 23 is virtually divided into six angular fans of the same shape, the three fans being directed to the first volume space 14; It consists of two windows 24A in the first series, and the other three fans are made to face the second volume space 15, and consist of one window 24B in the second series. As a result, there are substantially three possibilities for the second distribution disk 23:

1) The windows 24 are arranged corresponding to the volume spaces 14, 15 in the blade 5 that allow the air flows F1, F2 to flow into the associated volume spaces 14, 15 as shown in FIG.
2) One window 24A of the first type is arranged corresponding to the first volume space 14 through which the air flow F1 is circulated, and the flow to the second volume space 15 is stopped.
3) There are no windows corresponding to the volume spaces 14, 15, so no air is supplied to these volume spaces.

  The solution of FIGS. 12 and 13 has the advantage of further adjusting the WECS deicing and anti-icing device, with the advantage that, in particular, the air flow distribution provided to flow out of the openings or openings in the rotor blades is controlled. it can. For example, to increase the amount of enthalpy in the outflow, one could decide to interrupt the outflow of air from the aperture for a predetermined period of time.

  Another variant of WECS comprising the deicing and anti-icing device according to the present invention is a nacelle to cause forced convection of an air flow F designed to flow out through the aperture or opening 12 of the rotor blade 5. Three capsules 11 are provided with fans and / or compressing means.

  As an advantage, the solution makes it possible to control two other parameters that increase the effectiveness of the deicing and anti-icing devices: the amount (mass) of air flow F as output and the pressure.

  FIG. 14 shows a possible implementation of fans and / or compression elements 25 in WECS 1 ′ ″ according to the invention. Specifically, such an element is fixed to the rotating shaft 7 between the rotating part R and the fixed part S of the electric motor 9. Element 25 may be of the type with a variable pitch blade for better control of the air flow F ′ ″ within the capsule 11 and changing its air flow F ′ ″ parameters. It can be so.

  The flow path of the air flow F ′ ″ is generally similar to that shown in FIG. 8, but pressure acceleration or increase can be introduced by well-known related thermodynamic phenomena. There is a difference.

  Another possibility of the deformation must be emphasized. Considering the option of being provided in the capsule (optional), the use of the compressor allows a second series of apertures (FIGS. 2, 12T) having a shape as shown in FIG. Adapted to decisively increase the pressure of the air flow directed to As is known in the aeronautical literature, the aerodynamic efficiency of the blade characteristics by allowing a certain amount of air to flow out through a certain opening in the vicinity of the trailing edge of the profile. Can be improved, whereby the blade can operate against fluid flow having a larger angle of incidence.

  In conclusion, such a solution results in more electrical work (power) collected in one year by WECS according to the present invention, while the installed power is the same.

  In addition, the structural and dynamic mass can be reduced, the electrical work (electric power) generated per year is the same, but the installation, management and maintenance costs can be saved and the system is deployed The environmental impact on the area can be reduced.

  Another variation of the de-icing and anti-icing device according to the invention is to provide a flow path in the blade of a material with low thermal conductivity properties that guides the air flow to the blade area where the outflow apertures 12 are selectively provided. is there.

  As an advantage, such deformation allows the fluid to keep its enthalpy amount in practice unchanged until air flows out through the aperture or opening, resulting in better deicing and icing. Preventive effect is obtained.

  Deicing and anti-icing devices can be equally effective against the problem of blade deicing, i.e. the possibility of removing ice that has already formed for accidental (contextual) reasons. Indeed, other variations on the WECS according to the invention and the systems contained therein can be made. Heat is supplied to the air inside the gondola capsule by a thermal resistor that captures sufficient power from the electrical distribution network for a sufficient time, for example, until the ice mass slides and falls off the outer surface of the blade The first (first) ice layer formed corresponding to can be heated.

  Another interesting variation is to provide a small compression device within the WECS. In the first and second volume spaces inside each of the rotor blades, the compressor nozzle is properly positioned and the nozzle is in an aperture or opening partially or wholly covered by ice. A pulsation of compressed air can be formed. Such an action breaks the ice mass (mass) brittlely, thus falling to the ground, leaving the blade completely free of ice (free). The two variants listed here may be applied to the same WECS.

  By means of the deicing and anti-icing device according to the invention, it is possible, as an advantage, to install a system and / or device suitable for obtaining a so-called deicing effect even when the rotor is stopped. The deicing and anti-icing device allows continuous operation of WECS, even in critical environmental conditions, and may require temporary maintenance work of WECS, for example, to stop it.

  Another alternative embodiment of WECS is to provide a dedicated opening in the blade surface for external introduction of fluid for periodic cleaning of the blade, such as alcohol or surfactant means. . In this way, as an advantage, maintenance becomes easier and is suitable for cleaning the blades and restoring them to their original state.

  Another variation is to provide a dynamic air intake associated with the nacelle to allow a larger amount of fluid air to flow into the inner capsule of the nacelle. Such an air inlet is in the form of an inlet cross-section that is as orthogonal as possible to the direction of the wind, and a flow path through the capsule for sending wind into the capsule and thus into the storage volume space. A shape is conveniently formed. Because of its configuration in the nacelle, it may be provided at the rear of the nacelle. This is due to the following two reasons. The first reason is that it does not have a particularly vortexed suction fluid flow and therefore has a lower pressure than that of the surrounding atmosphere. The second reason is that such fluid flow envelops all power devices or systems present in the storage volume space, and thus the enthalpy of air flow circulation can be maximized by deicing and anti-icing devices.

  In addition, to maximize heat exchange, wind turbine capsules may be provided on the WECS that are internally covered with a metal or thermally conductive material, and such a coating may be formed in connection with the fins of the power equipment. Also good. With such a solution, a heat escape path can be formed in an advantageous manner, further increasing heat exchange and thus increasing convection in the storage volume of the system.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a wind turbine in WECS according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the system of FIG. 1, particularly a portion of a blade of a wind turbine. FIG. 3 shows a two-dimensional cross-sectional view of the details of FIG. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a possible embodiment of a portion of the details of FIG. FIG. 5 schematically shows a method for realizing the details of FIG. FIG. 6 shows details of FIG. FIG. 7 shows a lateral partial cross-sectional view of another detail of the wind turbine of FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram including the operational details of the WECS airflow behavior for explaining FIG. FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the air flow behavior associated with the deformation of the entire WECS according to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic partial sectional view showing a second variant of a possible configuration of WECS according to the invention. FIG. 11 shows a front view of several possible embodiments of the details of the WECS of FIG. FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of another detail variation of the wind turbine of FIG. FIG. 13 shows a top view of some of the details of the WECS of FIG. FIG. 14 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing a third variation of a possible configuration of WECS according to the present invention.

Claims (39)

A tower (4; 4 ') adapted to support and secure a wind energy conversion system (1; 1'; 1 "; 1 '") on the ground or underground;
A nacelle (3) disposed on the tower, wherein the wind energy conversion system (1) converts the rotation of the rotor (2) to generate electric power and supply it to the transmission line corresponding to the nacelle. A nacelle (3) provided with first means (9, IN, 10; TR) for managing and operating an electrical device that may be present);
A rotor (2) provided corresponding to the nacelle in a form rotatable with respect to the nacelle, comprising a plurality of blades (5) and capable of being rotated by wind (V) hitting the blades (2) and
In the wind energy conversion system (1; 1 ′; 1 ″; 1 ′ ″), fluid (F; F ′; F ″) in a volume space (14,15) defined in the blades of the rotor. Second means (2E, 19, 21) for distributing F ′ ″);
A wind energy conversion system (1; 1 ′; 1 ″; 1 ′ ″) for generating electric power having deicing and anti-icing means,
The blade (5) of the rotor comprises a plurality of apertures (12) in at least a part of the outer surface (5S) of the blade,
The plurality of apertures (12) communicate with the volume space (14, 15) in the blade;
The plurality of apertures pass through the plurality of apertures, and at least a part of the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) is discharged to the outside of the blade. Hydrodynamically interacting with the wind (V) striking at least the blade surface (5E) of the relevant outer surface (5S) and / or water and ice that may be present on the outer surface (5S) of the blade. The air layer or film is formed outside the blade surface (5E) on the blade related to the plurality of apertures (12).
Wind energy conversion system.   The plurality of apertures (12) are disposed substantially in the vicinity of the front edge of the outer shape (5P) constituting each of the blades (5) of the rotor (2), and the volume in the blade (5) 2. The device according to claim 1, comprising a first series (12 L) of holes through which fluid in a first volume space (14) of the spaces (14, 15) flows. Wind energy conversion system.   The plurality of apertures (12) are arranged substantially in the vicinity of the rear edge of the outer shape (5P) constituting each of the blades (5) of the rotor (2), and the inside of the blade (5). A second series (12T) of apertures (12) through which a fluid in a second volume space (15) of the volume spaces (14, 15) circulates, characterized in that The wind energy conversion system according to 2.   The plurality of apertures (12) through which the fluid of the volume space (14, 15) in the blade (5) flows is disposed at the tip of each of the blades (5) of the rotor (2). The wind energy conversion system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that   The nacelle (3) includes therein the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) and the first of the wind energy conversion system (1; 1 ′; 1 ″; 1 ′ ″). Forming a storage volume space for the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) facilitating heat exchange with the heated surface of the means (9, IN, 10; TR) Wind energy conversion system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises third means (11; 11 ') adapted to do so.   Comprising fourth means (11A, 11L, 3A; 25) for circulating said fluid (F; F '; F "; F'") within said third means (11; 11 '). The wind energy conversion system according to claim 5, wherein: Provided corresponding to the second means (2E, 19, 21) of the wind energy conversion system (1; 1 ′; 1 ″; 1 ′ ″), the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; The volume space (14, 15) defined in the blade (5) to the third means (11; 11 ') adapted to form the storage volume space for F''') First distribution means (22, 22 ′, 22 ″) forming a flow path of the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) into the interior;
The first distributing means (22, 22 ′, 22 ″) is connected to the third means (11; 11 ′) in the second means (2E, 19, 21) by the correspondence relationship. Adapted to generate an intermittent flow of the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) through the fourth means (11A, 11L, 3A; 25) of the wind energy conversion system (1) The wind energy conversion system according to claim 6, wherein   The first distribution means (22, 22 ′, 22 ″) includes the third means (11; 11 ′) and the second means (2E, 19, 21) of the wind energy conversion system (1). The wind energy conversion system according to claim 7, wherein the wind energy conversion system is disposed between the two.   The first distribution means (22, 22 ′, 22 ″) is adapted to change the intermittent value of the intermittent flow of the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″). The wind energy conversion system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein   Adapted to selectively control the flow of the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) into the volume space (14, 15) defined in the blade (5). Wind energy conversion system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two distribution means (2E ', 23) are provided in the rotor (2). The volume space (14, 15) includes a first volume space (14) and a second volume space (15);
The second distribution means (2E ′, 23) is arranged such that the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ″) into the first volume space (14) and / or the second volume space (15). ') Adapted to selectively enter whether to enter or not enter any of the volume spaces (14, 15) of the wind energy conversion system (1). The wind energy conversion system according to 10.   6. The third means (11; 11 ′) comprises a capsule (11; 11 ′) provided in a movable state corresponding to the nacelle (3). The described wind energy conversion system.   Wind energy conversion system according to claim 12, characterized in that the capsule (11; 11 ') has a skin made of a substantially low thermal conductivity material.   The capsule (11; 11 ′) forms a heat escape path for heating the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) circulating in the capsule (11; 11 ′). The first means (9, IN, 10; TR) for converting the rotation of the rotor to electric power for transmission to the transmission line and for managing and operating the electrical devices that may be present in the wind energy conversion system (1) 14. Wind energy conversion system according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the interior is at least partly coated with a thermally conductive material.   The fourth means for circulating the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) in the third means (11; 11 ′) is the third means (11; 11). ') At least one window (11L) on the front wall (11P), at least one opening (11A) formed at the rear of the third means (11; 11'), and the nacelle (3) Wind energy conversion system according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises one or more openings (3A) arranged in the rear. The rotor comprises a hub (2F) that can be fixed to a rotating shaft (7) of the wind energy conversion system (1; 1 ′; 1 ″; 1 ′ ″);
The rotating shaft (7) is fixed to the first means (9, IN, 10; TR), and converts the rotation of the rotor to electric power for sending to the transmission line,
The extension member (2E; 2F) for each of the blades (5) of the rotor (2) has one end fixed to the hub (2F) and the other end fixed to the base end (5EII) of the blade (5). The wind energy conversion system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the wind energy conversion system according to claim 1 is used.   The second means includes an extension member (2E) having at least one opening (19) facing the at least one window (11L) of the third means (11), the extension member (2E), and the A baffle (21) for diverting the flow present at the proximal end (5EII) of the blade (5), characterized in that it comprises a baffle (21). Wind energy conversion system. The first distribution means corresponds to the rotary shaft (7), and is a distribution disk disposed between the front wall (11P) of the third means (11; 11 ′) and the rotor (2). (22, 22 ', 22 ")
In particular, the distribution disc (22, 22 ′, 22 ″) is arranged such that the fluid passes through the distribution disc (22, 22 ′, 22 ″) at at least one angular position of the distribution disc (22, 22 ′, 22 ″). The transfer means (22D; 22S) corresponding to the opening (19) of the extension member (2E) for circulating (F; F '; F ";F'") The wind energy conversion system according to 7, 8 or 9. The first distributing means corresponds to the rotating shaft (7), and the distribution disk (11P) disposed on the front wall (11P) of the third means (11; 11 ′) and the rotor (2) ( 22, 22 ', 22 ")
In particular, the distribution disc (22, 22 ′, 22 ″) is arranged such that the fluid passes through the distribution disc (22, 22 ′, 22 ″) at at least one angular position of the distribution disc (22, 22 ′, 22 ″). The transfer means (22D; 22S) corresponding to the opening (19) of the extension member (2E) for circulating (F; F '; F ";F'") The wind energy conversion system according to 8.   20. The transfer means (22, 22 ', 22 ") of the distribution disc (22, 22', 22"), characterized in that it has at least one aperture (22D) or opening (22S). Wind energy conversion system.   The at least one opening (22D) of the distribution disc (22, 22 ′, 22 ″) has a cross section substantially the same as the cross section of the opening (19) of the extension member (2E). 21. The wind energy conversion system according to claim 20, wherein there is a wind energy conversion system.   The transition means of the distribution disk has a plurality of fan-shaped openings (22S) arranged asymmetrically with respect to the center of the distribution disk (22, 22 ′, 22 ″), The wind energy conversion system according to claim 18 or 19.   The distribution disc (22, 22 ′, 22 ″) causes relative rotation between the distribution disc (22, 22 ′, 22 ″) and the rotating shaft (7), so that the extension member (2E) To the rotating shaft (7) by a sixth means adapted to change the intermittent movement of the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) through the opening (19) of 20. Wind energy conversion system according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it is provided correspondingly.   The second distribution means is provided in a movable state in the vicinity of the base end (5R) of the blade (5) of the rotor (2) corresponding to the extension member (2E) of the rotor (2). 12. Wind energy conversion system according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises a second distribution disk (23).   The second distribution disk (23) is movably provided in the extension member (2E), and into the volume space (14, 15) defined in the blade (5). Characterized in that it is adapted to rotate within the extension member (2E ') to regulate the inflow of the fluid (F; F'; F "; F '' '). The wind energy conversion system according to 24.   The second distribution disk (23) is the volume space defined in the blade (5) by baffles (21A, 21B) that deflect the flow existing at the base end (5EII) of the blade (5). 26. The wind energy conversion system according to claim 24, wherein the wind energy conversion system is directed to a flow path portion of (14, 15). The volume space (14, 15) includes a first volume space (14) and a second volume space (15);
The second distribution disc (23) has a first series of windows having an area substantially the same as the flow path portion of the first volume space (14) in some of its angular sections ( In the second series of windows (24A) having a flow window (24) in 24A) and having substantially the same area as the flow portion of the second volume space (15). 27. Wind energy conversion system according to claim 26, characterized in that a road window (24) is formed.   The fourth means (11A, 11L, 3A; 25) for circulating (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) within the third means (11; 11 ′) Wind energy conversion system according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises fans and / or compression means (25) provided corresponding to the three means (11; 11 ').   29. Wind energy conversion system according to claim 28, characterized in that the fan and / or compression means comprise a fan and / or compression element (25) fixed to the rotating shaft (7). . The first means of the wind energy conversion system (1; 1 ′; 1 ″; 1 ′ ″) is a transformer disposed at the base of the tower (4 ′) of the wind energy conversion system (1 ′). A device (TR) and / or other power or auxiliary electrical device,
The third means comprises a plurality of openings in the base of the tower (4 ′) in the vicinity of the transformer (TR) and / or other power or auxiliary electrical devices, the tower (4 ′) Furthermore, the fluid taken into the storage volume space (11 ') from the outside between the inside and the storage volume space (11') of the wind energy conversion system (1; 1 '; 1 ";1''') 30. The wind energy conversion system according to any one of claims 5 to 9, 12 to 15, 17 to 23, 28 and 29, wherein the wind energy conversion system has a flow path for circulating (F ′ ″).   The outer surface (5S) of the blade (5) is formed by superposing a plurality of preformed sheets (18) comprising the plurality of apertures or openings (12). The wind energy conversion system according to any one of claims 1 to 30.   32. Wind energy conversion system according to claim 31, characterized in that the outer surface (5S) of the blade (5) is made of a composite material.   Wind energy according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that the outer surface (5S) of the blade (5) consists of an upper shell half (5U) and a lower shell half (5L). Conversion system. The plurality of apertures (12) comprise first type (4a) and / or second type (4b) and / or third type (4c) apertures (FIGS. 4 and 12),
The aperture of the first type has a constant cross-sectional flow path of air from the inner surface (5Si) of the blade (5) to the outer portion (5Se) of the outer surface (5S),
The second type of aperture has an axis that extends and is substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the wind (V) outside the blade (5);
The third type of aperture substantially forms a predetermined acute angle with an axis perpendicular to the outer surface in the same direction as the flow of the wind (V) outside the blade (5) of the outflowing air. 5. The wind energy conversion system according to claim 2, wherein the wind energy conversion system has a plurality of parallel walls and an inclined axis.   35. Wind energy conversion according to claim 34, characterized in that the plurality of apertures (12) consist of apertures (Figs. 4, 12) of the third type of apertures (4c). system.   The wind energy conversion system (1; 1 '; adapted to increase the amount of enthalpy of the fluid (F; F'; F "; F '' ') circulating in the deicing and anti-icing means; 36. Wind energy according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one consuming device that consumes power taken from another external power source 1 "; 1 '") Conversion system.   The nacelle (3) is arranged such that the tower is interposed by interposing a seventh means for directing the nacelle (3) in the direction of the maximum wind (V) flow present at the location where the wind energy conversion system is located. The wind energy conversion system according to any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the wind energy conversion system is provided in a movable state corresponding to (4). A tower (4; 4 ') adapted to support and fix the wind energy conversion system (1; 1'; 1 "; 1 '") to the ground or underground;
A nacelle (3) arranged on the tower (4, 4 '), corresponding to the nacelle, converting the rotation of the rotor (2) to generate electric power and send it to the transmission line, A nacelle (3) provided with first means (9, IN, 10; TR) for managing and operating an electrical operating device in which the energy conversion system (1) may exist;
A rotor (2) provided corresponding to the nacelle in a form rotatable with respect to the nacelle, comprising a predetermined number of blades (5) and capable of being moved by wind (V) hitting the blades (2) and
A method for preventing and eliminating ice adhesion to a rotor blade of a wind energy conversion system comprising:
a) sucking fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) or air from the external environment of the wind energy conversion system (1; 1 ′; 1 ″; 1 ′ ″);
b) sending the aspirated fluid to second means (2E, 19, 21) to circulate the fluid into the volume space (14, 15) defined in the blade (5) of the rotor; When,
c) The fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ′ ″) through a plurality of apertures (12) present on at least a part of the outer surface (5S) of the blade and communicating with the volume space in the blade. ) Discharging at least a portion of the blade out of the blade;
A method comprising:
The wind (V) striking at least the blade surface (5E) of the outer surface (5S) associated with the plurality of apertures (12) and / or water and ice that may be present on the outer surface (5S) of the blade; The exhaust is such that an air layer or film is formed outside the blade surface (5E) on the blade associated with the plurality of apertures (12) in fluid thermodynamic interaction. It is what is done,
Method.   Between the steps a) and b) the first of the wind energy conversion system (1; 1 ′; 1 ″; 1 ′ ″) for converting the rotation of the rotor (2) to generate electric power The accumulation formed in the wind energy conversion system between the heated surface of one means (9, IN, 10; TR) and the fluid (F; F ′; F ″; F ″ ′) 40. The method of claim 38, wherein heat exchange occurs through the volume space.

Images