JP4470585B2 - Network interface and packet transmitting / receiving device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for transmitting / receiving encoded video / audio data packetized from a communication network and reproducing it.

  Conventionally, as this type of packet transmitting / receiving apparatus, there has been one as described in Patent Document 1, for example. FIG. 8 shows a conventional packet transmitting / receiving apparatus described in the patent document. In FIG. 8, the network interface 105 temporarily stores a packet received from the network via the bus 11 in the dual port memory 104, and the video / audio interface 106 reads the received packet from an output port different from the bus of the dual port memory. Then, it is determined whether or not the packet is a packet for transmitting video / audio data. If the packet is an encoded video / audio packet, an operation of passing to the decoder 19 is performed.

With this configuration, band compression of the bus 11 due to video / audio data is avoided.
JP 2004-112192 A

  However, in the conventional configuration, the encoded video / audio data passes through the bus at least once, and when the bit rate of the encoded video / audio data is higher than the bandwidth of the bus, the encoded video / audio data is transmitted. The bus bandwidth consumption due to data may interfere with the normal operation of the device.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a packet determination unit for determining a received packet in a network interface, and in the case of an encoded video / audio packet, directly transfers it to a decoder without going through the bus, thereby compressing the bus bandwidth. It is an object of the present invention to provide a packet transmitting / receiving apparatus that can avoid the above-described problem.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a network interface that does not require much CPU performance for receiving and reproducing packets for transmitting encoded video and audio data, and that allows inexpensive CPUs to perform reception and reproduction.

  In order to solve the above-described conventional problems, the packet transmitting / receiving apparatus of the present invention includes a packet determining unit in the packet receiving unit of the network interface, and outputs the encoded video / audio packet from the dedicated interface to the decoder without going through the bus. As a result, it is possible to provide a packet transmitting / receiving apparatus that does not impose any bus bandwidth.

  A packet to be received and processed by the CPU is transferred to the CPU via the bus. As a result, the software executed by the CPU can handle the network interface of the present invention in the same way as a general network interface.

  As described above, according to the packet transmission / reception apparatus of the present invention, the bus bandwidth is not squeezed at all and the CPU performance is not required. Therefore, it is generally possible to configure the apparatus using a low-cost CPU. it can. Also, encoded video / audio data having a high bit rate such as high-definition video can be received and reproduced without any problem.

  Further, since the software operates in the same manner as a general network interface, there is an advantage that no special function is required for the protocol processing software.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a packet transmitting / receiving apparatus according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 1, the same components as those in FIG.

  The host CPU 10, the bus 11, and the bus interface 12 are general components in the CPU-equipped device, the PHY control unit 13 is a general component in the network device, the memory 18 is a general-purpose memory, and the decoder 19 is MPEG2. And MPEG4 and H.264. It is a general encoded video / audio decoder such as H.264, which is not related to the present invention at all, and will not be described.

  The packet transmission / reception apparatus of the present invention is roughly divided into transmission and reception functions. First, the transmission operation will be described.

  The host CPU 10 transmits the created data to the external network 14 via the bus 11 via the bus interface 12, the MAC unit 15, and the PHY control unit 13 in this order. This operation is the same as the transmission operation of a general network device and does not relate to the present invention.

  Next, the reception operation will be described.

  The external network 14 is an external network to which the present apparatus is connected, and a typical example is the Internet.

  The PHY control unit 13 is a physical layer interface with an external network, and transfers a packet received from the external network 14 to the MAC unit 15.

  The MAC unit 15 transfers the received packet to the packet analysis unit 16 or the bus interface 12. The packet analysis unit 16 analyzes the packet received from the MAC unit 15 and transfers it to the stream processing unit 17 when it is determined that the packet is a packet for transmitting video and audio data. Return to Part 15. The MAC unit 15 transfers the packet returned from the packet analysis unit 16 to the bus interface 12.

  The stream processing unit 17 extracts the video / audio data from the packet received from the packet analysis unit 16, temporarily stores it in the memory 18, and transfers the video / audio data read from the memory 18 to the decoder 19.

  Hereinafter, the detail of the said component is demonstrated, referring drawings.

  FIG. 2 is an internal configuration diagram of the MAC unit 15.

  The reception processing unit 152 passes the received packet to the packet analysis unit 16 and the changeover switch 154, and the changeover switch 154 selects either the reception processing unit 152 or the packet analysis unit 16 according to the setting from the host CPU 10, and receives the received packet. To the reception buffer 153. The reception buffer 153 passes the data in the buffer to the bus interface 12.

  According to such a configuration of the MAC unit 15, by providing the changeover switch 154, the network interface 20 can operate as a general network interface without being affected by the packet analysis unit 16 and the stream processing unit 17. It becomes.

  FIG. 3 is an internal configuration diagram of the packet analysis unit 16.

  For the packet received from the MAC unit 15, the MAC analysis unit 160 analyzes the MAC header, the IP analysis unit 161 analyzes the IP header, the UDP analysis unit 162 analyzes the UDP header, and the RTP analysis unit 163 performs RTP. The header is analyzed to determine whether or not the received packet may transmit video / audio data, and the determination result is passed to the determination unit 166. The determination unit 166 determines whether or not the received packet is transmitting video / audio data, and determines the output destination of the received packet to be either the MAC unit 15 or the buffer 167.

(Description of MAC to RTP analysis / determination operation)
The MAC analysis unit 160 receives the received packet from the MAC unit 15 and starts analyzing the MAC header. When the destination MAC address field matches the MAC address of the own station and the upper protocol field indicates IP, the MAC hit signal is passed to the determination unit 166 and the IP analysis unit 161. When the header analysis is completed, the MAC end signal is passed to the determination unit 166 and the IP analysis unit 161. Further, the MAC header length in bytes is calculated and passed to the determination unit 166. When a VLAN (virtual LAN) tag field is present in the MAC header, the VLAN tag is skipped.

  The IP analysis unit 161 receives the MAC end signal and starts analyzing the IP header of the received packet.

  The algorithm of the IP analysis unit 161 will be described with reference to FIG.

  Step S1000 executes Step S1001 when the destination IP address field matches the IP address of the own station, the source IP address matches the video / audio server address, and the version number matches 4 or 6. Otherwise, end.

  The step S1001 checks the fragment offset field to determine whether or not the received packet is IP fragmented. When the received packet is not fragmented or is a fragmented head packet, the step S1002 is executed. Executes step S1005.

  Step S1005 executes step S1004 if the ID field matches the ID holding value held in the internal storage area, and ends otherwise.

  Step S1002 executes step S1003 if the upper protocol field indicates UDP, and ends otherwise.

  In step S1003, a UDP detection signal indicating that the upper protocol is UDP is output to the UDP analysis unit 162, and step S1004 is executed. In step S1004, an IP hit signal indicating the possibility of video / audio data is output to the determination unit 166, and step S1006 is executed. Step S1006 executes step S1007 when the end of packet is received. The step S1007 stops outputting the UDP detection signal and the IP hit signal and ends.

  The update operation of the ID holding value referred to in step S1005 will be described.

  The ID field of the IP header is updated and held in the temporary storage area for each received packet, and when the end of UDP is received, the ID holding value is updated and held with the ID field value held in the temporary storage area.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart for showing conditions for generating an output signal. The determination processing in steps S1000 to S1002 and step S1005 may be executed entirely or selected in the order shown in the flowchart. May be executed automatically.

  In addition, the IP analysis unit 161 passes the IP end signal, the IP hit signal, the IP header length extracted from the IP header, and the total length to the determination unit 166. Since the IP header length field and the total length field are values in units of 4 bytes, they are converted into bytes and output.

  The UDP analysis unit 162 receives the UDP detection signal from the IP analysis unit 161 and starts analyzing the UDP header of the received packet. The determination unit 166 receives the UDP end signal indicating that the analysis of the UDP header is completed, the header length of the UDP header, and the port number of the local station that receives the video / audio packet in the destination port number field of the UDP header. If the transmission source port number matches the port number for transmitting the video / audio packet of the video / audio server, the UDP hit signal is passed. Also, the UDP end signal is passed to the IP analysis unit 161 and the RTP analysis unit 163.

  The RTP analyzer 163 receives the UDP end signal and starts analyzing the RTP header of the received packet. The CSRC field and the SSRC field having the data amount indicated by the CSRC count field are skipped. When the extension field indicates the presence of the extension header, the extension header is skipped by reading the length in the extension header. The header length of the RTP header including the extension header is calculated from the fixed length field of the RTP header, the CSRC count, and the length when the extension header exists, and passed to the determination unit 166. In addition, an RTP end signal indicating that the analysis of the RTP header is ended is passed to the determination unit 166. Note that whether or not the received packet includes an RTP header is notified from the host CPU 10.

(Description of configuration and operation of output destination determination unit)
The output destination determination unit 164 includes a header buffer 165 that accumulates received packets during header analysis of received packets, a determination unit 166 that switches received packets read from the header buffer 165 to the MAC unit 15 or the buffer 167, and a stream processing unit 17 And a buffer 167 for passing the received packet to the MAC unit 15 or the stream processing unit 17. Hereinafter, the internal configuration of the output destination determination unit 164 will be described.

  The determination unit 166 recognizes that the header analysis of the received packet has ended based on the MAC end signal, the IP end signal, the UDP end signal, and the RTP end signal. During the header analysis, the received packet is stored without performing the reading operation of the header buffer 165. When header analysis is completed, when all of the MAC hit signal, IP hit signal, and UDP hit signal are received, the output destination of the received packet is determined in the buffer 167, and in other cases, it is determined in the MAC unit 15. Then, reading from the header buffer 165 is started. By setting the reading speed from the header buffer 165 to be higher than the link speed with the external network, the header buffer 165 can be emptied when the next received packet is received. In the experiment, the buffer could be emptied by reading at twice the link speed.

  After reading the end of the received packet from the header buffer 165, the read operation is stopped and the next received packet is awaited. MAC packet that is the result of adding the MAC header length, the IP header length, the UDP header length, and the RTP header length, the total header length, and the total length, MAC header length, CRC, and other added MAC data The length is passed to the stream processing unit 17.

(Description of configuration and operation of stream processing unit)
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of the stream processing unit 17 according to the first embodiment.

  In FIG. 5, the case where the video / audio data stored in the payload of the received packet delivered from the packet analysis unit 16 is MPEG2 transport stream (TS) data will be described as an example. The payload extractor 170 receives the received packet, the total header length, and the MAC packet length from the packet analyzer 16, extracts TS data of the received packet, and passes it to the TS synchronization detector 171.

  The TS synchronization detection unit 171 checks that the sync byte of the TS packet periodically exists, and passes the TS data to the write DMAC 172 when the sync byte exists. On the other hand, when the sync byte cannot be detected, the TS data output to the write DMAC 172 is stopped, the TS data received from the payload extraction unit 170 is inspected, and it is confirmed that the sync byte periodically exists. The TS data output to the write DMAC 172 is resumed.

  If the integrity of the received data is guaranteed, the TS synchronization detector 171 may be omitted.

  The write DMAC 172 temporarily accumulates the TS data received from the TS synchronization detection unit 171 in an internal buffer, and accumulates the TS data in the memory 18 via the memory controller 174. The read DMAC 173 reads TS data in the memory 18 via the memory controller 174 and passes it to the TS analysis unit 175. The memory controller 174 arbitrates between the write DMAC 172 and the read DMAC 173 and reads / writes data to / from the memory 18.

  The TS analyzer 175 analyzes the TS packet header received from the read DMAC 173 and generates a signal to be passed to the decoder 176. The analysis of the TS packet header will be described in detail.

  Checks the transport_scramble_control (TSC) flag of the TS packet, determines whether or not the TS packet payload is encrypted, and if it is encrypted, it uses two types of decryption keys, that is, an even key and an odd key. It is determined whether or not to decode, and is passed to the decoding unit 176. It is determined that the TS packet header and the adaptation field are not encrypted.

  Furthermore, the payload length of the TS packet is calculated by subtracting the variable-length adaptation field length and the fixed-length TS packet header from the TS packet length of 188 bytes, and the decryption mode is set to CBC for each encryption block that is an encryption unit. A signal for switching to (Cipher Block Chaining), OFB (Output Feedback), ECB (Electronic Code Book), or CFB (Cipher Feedback) is generated and passed to the decoding unit 176.

  The decryption unit 176 keeps the decrypted data when the TS data received from the TS analysis unit 175 is encrypted, and keeps the decrypted data when the TS data is not encrypted. To the output control unit 177.

  The two types of decryption keys for decrypting the encrypted data are received by the decryption unit 176 in advance after receiving the decryption key encrypted from the host CPU 10 and stored in the network interface 20 or the stream processing unit 17. Keep it in the area.

  The output control unit 177 outputs the TS packet received from the decoding unit 176 to the decoder 19 at the output rate specified by the host CPU 10 in the ARIB standard or DVB standard transmission format.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of the data format in the memory 18 when accessing the memory 18 in a 16-byte burst.

  When a burst access memory such as SDRAM is used as the memory 18, in general, in order to increase data transfer efficiency, a burst access having a power of 2 or more, such as 16 bytes or 32 bytes, is often used. On the other hand, since the TS packet has a fixed length of 188 bytes, it cannot be divided by 16. Therefore, in order to simplify the memory management, a 4-byte dummy is added to each TS packet to make 192 bytes divisible by 16.

  According to this configuration, the TS synchronization detection unit 171 passes the 4-byte dummy data to the write DMAC 172 when the sync byte is detected, and then passes the received data to the write DMAC 172. By discarding 4 bytes, the beginning of the TS packet can be easily identified.

  Further, the TS synchronization detection unit 172 and the TS analysis unit 173 can determine the validity of the data read by the TS analysis unit 175 by determining the dummy data value as a specific value.

  According to the configuration as described above, the network interface 20 determines that the received packet transmits video / audio data, extracts the TS packet from the payload of the received packet, and directly outputs the TS packet to the decoder 19. It is possible to realize video / audio reception and reproduction without consuming the same bandwidth and without requiring CPU performance.

  In the first embodiment, the IP analysis unit 161 receives the MAC hit signal, analyzes it, receives the IP hit signal, analyzes the UDP analysis unit 162, receives the UDP hit signal, and analyzes the RTP analysis unit. Although the sequential operation is shown as performing the above, it is not always necessary to operate sequentially, and the components 160 to 163 may always operate for each received packet. In this case, there is an effect that complicated operation control becomes unnecessary.

  In the first embodiment, the case of transmitting audio / video data using UDP has been described as an example. However, TCP may be used instead of UDP. In this case, the IP analysis unit 161 checks that the upper protocol field is TCP, and the UDP analysis unit 162 analyzes the transmission destination port number field and the transmission source port number field of the TCP header in the same manner as in the case of UDP.

  In the first embodiment, the output destination of the output destination determination unit 164 may be either one of the MAC unit 15 or the stream processing unit 17, but in this case, the video / audio data being received and reproduced by the decoder Can be received by the CPU and statistical information of the received data can be obtained.

  Further, the output destination of the output destination determination unit 164 is the MAC unit 15 and the stream processing unit 17, but may have other output destinations as shown in FIG. In this case, the MPEG2 program stream, MPEG4, H.264, etc. A component that performs data processing such as H.264 is added as a positioning similar to that of the stream processing unit 17, and a decoder corresponding to the encoding scheme is added as a positioning similar to that of the decoder 19. Can also be supported.

  In the first embodiment, data passed from the packet analysis unit 16 to the stream processing unit 17 is a MAC packet, but may be an IP packet or other formats.

  In the first embodiment, the network interface 20 includes the MAC unit 15, the packet analysis unit 16, the stream processing unit 17, and the bus interface 12, but the inclusion relationship of the constituent elements is not limited to this.

  In the first embodiment, the checksum and CRC of the received packet may or may not be checked. In the case of implementation, an error recovery process can be performed by discarding a packet when an error occurs or notifying the CPU of the error type and the number of errors.

  In the first embodiment, an example in which the determination process of the header field of the received packet is always executed has been described. However, the determination may be omitted when the determination is unnecessary. In this case, the apparatus of the present invention can be adapted to the operation rule of the video / audio data packet distribution service to which the apparatus of the present invention is applied.

  The packet transmission / reception apparatus according to the present invention can pass video / audio data to the decoder without passing through a bus, and is therefore useful as a video / audio reception apparatus using a packet network and a network interface for the video / audio reception apparatus. .

Configuration diagram of network interface and packet transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention Internal block diagram of MAC unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention The internal block diagram of the packet analysis part in Embodiment 1 of this invention The flowchart which shows the algorithm of the IP header analysis part in Embodiment 1 of this invention The internal block diagram of the stream process part in Embodiment 1 of this invention The figure which shows an example of the data structure in the memory in Embodiment 1 of this invention Configuration diagram of a different example packet transmitting / receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention Configuration of conventional packet transmitting / receiving device

Explanation of symbols

10 Host CPU
11 bus 12 bus interface 13 PHY control unit 14 external network 15 MAC unit 16 packet analysis unit 17 stream processing unit 18 memory 19 MPEG2 decoder 20 network interface 21 stream processing unit other than TS 22 decoder other than TS 152 reception processing unit 153 reception buffer 154 changeover switch 160 MAC analysis unit 161 IP analysis unit 162 UDP analysis unit 163 RTP analysis unit 164 output destination determination unit 165 header buffer 166 determination unit 167 buffer 170 payload extraction unit 171 TS synchronization detection unit 172 write DMA controller 173 read DMA controller 174 Memory controller 175 TS analysis unit 176 Decoding unit 177 Output control unit S1000 IP address and version No. determination step S1001 fragment decision step S1002 the upper protocol determining step S1003 UDP detection signal output step S1004 IP hit signal output step S1005 ID field determination step S1006 packet terminal waiting step S1007 signal output stop step

Claims (4)

In a network interface that receives video / audio data from a network or a packet of data to be processed by the CPU,
MAC means for transferring a received packet received from the network to a packet analysis means described later or a bus interface means described later and transferring a packet returned from the packet analysis means to the bus interface means;
When a received packet is received from the MAC means and analysis of the MAC header is started, when the destination MAC address field of the MAC header matches the MAC address of the own station, and the upper protocol field indicates IP, a determination unit described later A MAC hit signal is passed to an IP analysis unit to be described later, a MAC end signal is passed to the determination unit and the IP analysis unit when header analysis is completed, a MAC header length is calculated and passed to the determination unit; ,
Upon receipt of the MAC end signal, analysis of the IP header of the received packet is started, the destination IP address field of the IP header matches the IP address of the own station, and the source IP address matches the video / audio server address. When the packet hit signal is received, an IP hit signal indicating the possibility of video / audio data is output to the determination unit. When a packet end is received, the output of the UDP detection signal and the IP hit signal is stopped. An IP analyzer that passes the end signal, the IP hit signal, the IP header length extracted from the IP header, and the total length;
Upon receiving the UDP detection signal from the IP analysis unit, the analysis of the UDP header of the received packet is started, the UDP end signal indicating that the analysis of the UDP header is completed, the UDP header length of the UDP header, and the UDP header If the destination port number field matches the port number of the local station that receives the video / audio packet and the transmission source port number matches the port number that transmits the video / audio packet of the video / audio server, the UDP hit signal is A UDP analysis unit to be passed to the determination unit;
Recognizing that the header analysis of the received packet is completed by receiving the MAC end signal, the IP end signal, and the UDP end signal, and when the header analysis is completed, the MAC hit signal, the IP hit signal, When all of the UDP hit signals are received, the output destination of the received packet is determined by the stream processing means described later, otherwise it is determined by the bus interface means, and stored in the buffer during header analysis of the received packet The received packet is read out, and the total header length, which is the addition result of the MAC header length, the IP header length, and the UDP header length, and the MAC data including the total length, the MAC header length, and CRC A determination unit that passes the MAC packet length that is the addition result to the stream processing means;
A packet analysis means comprising:
A stream processing means comprising a payload extraction unit for extracting the video / audio data from the output of the packet analysis means;
Bus interface means connected to the MAC means and the CPU for transmitting and receiving data to be processed by the CPU;
A network interface. The buffer accumulates the packets received during the parsing of a packet, the network interface of claim 1, wherein a than the link speed between the network after the packet analysis is a buffer for reading output speed . The stream processing unit includes a memory controller for inputting and outputting the video and audio data to the memory, according to claim 1, wherein a, a decoder which decodes the video and audio data input from the memory controller Network interface. A decoder for decoding the decoded video and audio data input from the network interface according to claim 1, a CPU for inputting data to be processed by a CPU input from the network interface ,
Packet transmission and reception apparatus characterized by having a.

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