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JP4464601B2 - Lightweight concrete - Google Patents

Lightweight concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4464601B2
JP4464601B2 JP2002252750A JP2002252750A JP4464601B2 JP 4464601 B2 JP4464601 B2 JP 4464601B2 JP 2002252750 A JP2002252750 A JP 2002252750A JP 2002252750 A JP2002252750 A JP 2002252750A JP 4464601 B2 JP4464601 B2 JP 4464601B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
lightweight
water
lightweight concrete
coarse aggregate
concrete
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2002252750A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004091242A (en
Inventor
博幸 早野
大輔 喜地
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority to JP2002252750A priority Critical patent/JP4464601B2/en
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/0016Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B20/002Hollow or porous granular materials

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ポンプ圧送性が良好で、かつ、耐凍害性も良好な軽量コンクリートに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、軽量コンクリートは、自重を軽減できるという特長を活かして様々な用途に適用されている。しかし、軽量コンクリートは、耐凍害性に関しては、促進試験の結果、早期に劣化が生じることから普通コンクリートに比べて劣るという認識がされている。
軽量コンクリートの耐凍害性の問題を解決するために、従来より様々な方法が提案されている。例えば、特開平11−131803号公報には、絶乾状態ないし吸水率50%以下の割合で乾燥している軽量粗骨材を用いて軽量コンクートを製造する方法が記載されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記特開平11−131803号公報に記載されている製造方法によって製造された軽量コンクートでは、吸水性が小さい軽量粗骨材を使用した場合は、作業性が良好で、耐凍害性も良好なものとすることができるが、このような吸水性が小さい軽量粗骨材は入手が困難であるうえ、コストが高く、軽量コンクートのコストが高くなるという問題がある。
また、特開平11−131803号公報に記載されている製造方法によって製造された軽量コンクートでは、比較的入手が容易でコストも安い吸水性が大きい軽量粗骨材を使用した場合には、該軽量コンクリートのポンプ圧送が困難になり、現場打ちには適用し難いという問題がある。
【0004】
そのため、吸水性が大きい軽量粗骨材を使用した軽量コンクリートであっても、
ポンプ圧送性が良好で、耐凍害性も良好な軽量コンクリートが求められていた。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究した結果、特定量以上の水を含水している軽量粗骨材を使用すること、及び硬化後の軽量コンクリートの含水率を特定することにより、上記課題を解決することができることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0006】
即ち、本発明は、飽和含水状態の軽量粗骨材、セメント、細骨材、減水剤及び水を使用した軽量コンクリートであって、前記軽量粗骨材が膨張頁岩を焼成して得られる軽量粗骨材であり、前記軽量コンクリートは、水/セメント比が45質量%以下、単位水量が180kg/m3以下、単位粗骨材量が330L/m 3 以下であり、かつ、硬化後の軽量コンクリートの含水率が10質量%以下であることを特徴とする軽量コンクリート(請求項1)である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明で使用する材料について説明する。
本発明において軽量粗骨材は、飽和含水率に対して50%以上の水を含水している軽量粗骨材を使用する。ここで、軽量粗骨材の飽和含水率とは、通常の製造工程で行われる吸水方法で製品として出荷されるときの含水率であるが、ポンプ圧送による高圧化で吸水しないように飽和時まで吸水させている。軽量粗骨材の含水率が、飽和含水率に対して50%未満では、軽量コンクリートのポンプ圧送が困難になるので好ましくない。
【0008】
軽量粗骨材の種類としては、
1)膨張頁岩を焼成して得られる軽量粗骨材、
2)例えば、黒曜石、真珠岩などのガラス質原料にSiC等の発泡剤やベントナイト等の粘着材を加えて造粒し、この造粒物を1000〜1300℃で焼成・発泡させた軽量粗骨材、
等が挙げられる。
なお、本発明においては、入手のし易さやコストの観点から、軽量粗骨材は、膨張頁岩を焼成して得られる軽量粗骨材が好ましい。該軽量粗骨材の具体例としては、例えば、太平洋セメント株式会社製の「アサノライト」(商品名)が挙げられる。
【0009】
セメントとしては、普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメント、低熱ポルトランドセメント等の各種ポルトランドセメントや高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント等の混合セメントを使用することができる。
細骨材としては、川砂、陸砂、海砂、砕砂、珪砂やこれらの混合物を使用することができる。
減水剤としては、リグニン系、ナフタレンスルホン酸系、メラミン系、ポリカルボン酸系の減水剤、AE減水剤、高性能減水剤又は高性能AE減水剤を使用することができる。これらのうち、減水効果の大きな高性能減水剤又は高性能AE減水剤を使用することが好ましい。
水としては、水道水等を使用することができる。
【0010】
軽量コンクリートの混練方法は、特に限定するものではなく、例えば、
1)各材料を、一括してミキサに投入し、混練する。
等の方法が挙げられる。
混練に用いるミキサは、通常のコンクリートの混練に用いられるどのタイプのものでもよく、例えば、揺動型ミキサ、パンタイプミキサ、二軸練りミキサ等が用いられる。
【0011】
混練後、所定の型枠に混練物を投入して成形し、養生して硬化させる。養生方法は、特に限定するものではなく、気中養生や水中養生等を行えば良い。
本発明の軽量コンクリートは、硬化後の含水率が10質量%以下のものである。ここで、軽量コンクリートの含水率とは、軽量コンクリート中に含まれている水の質量をコンクリートの乾燥質量で除した割合(%)である。軽量コンクリートの含水率が10質量%を越えると、耐凍害性が低下するので好ましくない。
【0012】
本発明の軽量コンクリートの好ましい配合は、水/セメント比が45質量%以下、単位水量が180kg/m3以下、単位粗骨材量は、400L/m3以下である。前記配合であれば、硬化後の含水率を10質量%以下にすることができるうえ、50N/mm2以上の高強度を発現させることができる。
なお、本発明においては、目的を損なわない範囲で、AE剤等の混和剤や、高炉スラグ、フライアッシュ、石灰石粉末、シリカフューム、膨張材等の混和材を添加することは差し支えない。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を説明する。
1.使用材料
以下に示す材料を使用した。
なお、アサノライトの飽和含水率は、30%である。
1)セメントA;普通ポルトランドセメント(太平洋セメント(株)製)
2)セメントB;早強ポルトランドセメント(太平洋セメント(株)製)
3)細骨材;小笠産陸砂
4)軽量粗骨材A;アサノライト含水率30%品
5)軽量粗骨材B;アサノライト含水率7%品
6)高性能AE減水剤;レオビルドSP-8S((株)エヌエムビー製)
7)水;水道水
8)AE剤;マイクロエア775S((株)エヌエムビー製)
【0014】
2.軽量コンクリートの配合及び混練
前記材料を使用し、表1に示す配合にしたがって各材料を2軸強制練りミキサ(0.1m3)に一括投入し、90秒間混練した。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 0004464601
【0016】
3.評価
1)ポンプ圧送性
上記各軽量コンクリート(スランプ18〜21cm)を、水平換算長さ100mの配管にてポンプ圧送を行い、スランプロスが5cm以下の場合を「○:良い」、5cmを越える場合を「×:悪い」で評価した。
2)圧縮強度
上記各軽量コンクリートを、φ10×20cmの型枠に投入し、翌日脱型後、材齢28日まで20℃水中養生を行った後、該硬化体の圧縮強度を測定した。
3)耐凍害性
上記各軽量コンクリートの耐凍害性を「JIS A 1148(コンクリートの凍結融解試験方法)」に準じて測定した。養生は、材齢14日まで水中養生後、材齢28日まで20℃60%R.H.で養生した。なお、300サイクルにおける相対動弾性係数が60以上の場合を○、60未満の場合を×として評価した。
4)硬化体の含水率
上記3)と同様の養生を行った硬化体について、110℃で30日間乾燥し、乾燥前後の硬化体の質量から、該硬化体の含水率を算出した。
それらの結果を表2に示す。
【0017】
【表2】
Figure 0004464601
【0018】
表2から、本発明で規定する軽量コンクリート(実施例1〜4)では、ポンプ圧送性が良好であるうえ、耐凍害性も良好であることがわかる。
一方、飽和含水率に対して50%未満の水しか含水していない軽量粗骨材を使用した比較例1〜2の軽量コンクリートでは、ポンプ圧送性が悪かった。
また、硬化後の含水率が10質量%を越える比較例3の軽量コンクリートでは、耐凍害性が劣っていた。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の軽量コンクリートは、吸水性が大きい軽量粗骨材を使用してもポンプ圧送性が良好である。また、本発明の軽量コンクリートは、耐凍害性にも優れるものである。従って、本発明の軽量コンクリートは、コスト低減を図ることができ、寒冷地等における現場打ちコンクリートとしても好適に使用することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lightweight concrete having good pumpability and frost damage resistance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, lightweight concrete has been applied to various uses by taking advantage of its ability to reduce its own weight. However, it is recognized that light-weight concrete is inferior to ordinary concrete in terms of frost damage resistance due to accelerated testing as a result of early deterioration.
Various methods have been proposed in the past to solve the problem of frost resistance of lightweight concrete. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-131803 describes a method of manufacturing a lightweight concrete using a lightweight coarse aggregate which is dried in a completely dry state or a water absorption rate of 50% or less.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the lightweight concrete manufactured by the manufacturing method described in the above-mentioned JP-A-11-131803, when lightweight coarse aggregate with low water absorption is used, workability is good and frost damage resistance is also good. However, there is a problem that such a lightweight coarse aggregate with low water absorption is difficult to obtain, and the cost is high, and the cost of the lightweight concrete increases.
Moreover, in the lightweight concrete manufactured by the manufacturing method described in JP-A-11-131803, when a lightweight coarse aggregate having high water absorption is relatively easy to obtain and low in cost, the lightweight concrete is used. There is a problem that it is difficult to pump concrete and it is difficult to apply it to the site.
[0004]
Therefore, even for lightweight concrete using lightweight coarse aggregate with high water absorption,
There has been a demand for lightweight concrete that has good pumpability and good frost resistance.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of earnest research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor uses a lightweight coarse aggregate containing water of a specific amount or more and specifies the moisture content of the cured lightweight concrete. The present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved and completed the present invention.
[0006]
That is, the present invention is a lightweight concrete using a saturated coarse water-containing lightweight coarse aggregate, cement, fine aggregate, water reducing agent and water, wherein the lightweight coarse aggregate is obtained by firing expanded shale. The lightweight concrete is a lightweight concrete having a water / cement ratio of 45% by mass or less, a unit water amount of 180 kg / m 3 or less, a unit coarse aggregate amount of 330 L / m 3 or less , and a cured lightweight concrete. Is a lightweight concrete (Claim 1) characterized by having a water content of 10% by mass or less.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The material used in the present invention will be described.
In the present invention, a lightweight coarse aggregate containing 50% or more of water with respect to the saturated moisture content is used as the lightweight coarse aggregate. Here, the saturated moisture content of the lightweight coarse aggregate is the moisture content when shipped as a product by the water absorption method performed in the normal manufacturing process, but until it is saturated so as not to absorb water by increasing the pressure by pumping. It absorbs water. If the moisture content of the lightweight coarse aggregate is less than 50% of the saturated moisture content, pumping of lightweight concrete becomes difficult, which is not preferable.
[0008]
As a kind of lightweight coarse aggregate,
1) Lightweight coarse aggregate obtained by firing expanded shale,
2) For example, lightweight coarse bone that is granulated by adding a foaming agent such as SiC or an adhesive material such as bentonite to glassy raw materials such as obsidian and pearlite, and firing and foaming this granulated material at 1000 to 1300 ° C Material,
Etc.
In the present invention, from the viewpoint of availability and cost, the lightweight coarse aggregate is preferably a lightweight coarse aggregate obtained by firing expanded shale. Specific examples of the lightweight coarse aggregate include “Asanolite” (trade name) manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.
[0009]
As the cement, various Portland cements such as ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, medium heat Portland cement, low heat Portland cement, and mixed cements such as blast furnace cement and fly ash cement can be used.
As fine aggregates, river sand, land sand, sea sand, crushed sand, quartz sand and mixtures thereof can be used.
As the water reducing agent, a lignin-based, naphthalenesulfonic acid-based, melamine-based, or polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent, an AE water reducing agent, a high-performance water reducing agent, or a high-performance AE water reducing agent can be used. Among these, it is preferable to use a high performance water reducing agent or a high performance AE water reducing agent having a large water reducing effect.
As water, tap water or the like can be used.
[0010]
The method for kneading the lightweight concrete is not particularly limited, for example,
1) Each material is put into a mixer in a lump and kneaded.
And the like.
The mixer used for kneading may be of any type used for ordinary concrete kneading. For example, a rocking mixer, a pan type mixer, a biaxial kneading mixer, or the like is used.
[0011]
After kneading, the kneaded material is put into a predetermined mold, molded, cured and cured. The curing method is not particularly limited, and air curing, underwater curing, or the like may be performed.
The lightweight concrete of the present invention has a moisture content after curing of 10% by mass or less. Here, the moisture content of the lightweight concrete is a ratio (%) obtained by dividing the mass of water contained in the lightweight concrete by the dry mass of the concrete. When the moisture content of the lightweight concrete exceeds 10% by mass, the frost damage resistance is lowered, which is not preferable.
[0012]
A preferred blend of the lightweight concrete of the present invention has a water / cement ratio of 45% by mass or less, a unit water amount of 180 kg / m 3 or less, and a unit coarse aggregate amount of 400 L / m 3 or less. With the above blending, the moisture content after curing can be reduced to 10% by mass or less, and a high strength of 50 N / mm 2 or more can be expressed.
In the present invention, an admixture such as an AE agent and an admixture such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, limestone powder, silica fume, and an expanding material may be added within a range not impairing the purpose.
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples.
1. Materials used The following materials were used.
The saturated water content of asanolite is 30%.
1) Cement A: Ordinary Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.)
2) Cement B: Early strong Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.)
3) Fine aggregate; land sand from Ogasa 4) Light coarse aggregate A; Asanolite moisture content 30% 5) Light coarse aggregate B; Asanolite moisture content 7% 6) High performance AE water reducing agent; Leo build SP -8S (Mb Co., Ltd.)
7) Water; tap water 8) AE agent; Micro Air 775S (manufactured by NMB)
[0014]
2. Mixing and kneading of lightweight concrete Using the materials described above, each material was put into a biaxial forced kneading mixer (0.1 m 3 ) according to the formulation shown in Table 1 and kneaded for 90 seconds.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004464601
[0016]
3. Evaluation 1) Pump pumpability Each of the above lightweight concrete (slump 18-21cm) is pumped through a pipe with a horizontal conversion length of 100m. If the slump loss is 5cm or less, "○: Good"; Was evaluated as “x: bad”.
2) Compressive strength Each of the above lightweight concrete was put into a mold of φ10 × 20 cm, demolded the next day, and cured at 20 ° C. in water until the age of 28 days, and then the compressive strength of the cured body was measured.
3) Freezing damage resistance The freezing damage resistance of each of the above lightweight concretes was measured according to "JIS A 1148 (Method for freeze-thawing test of concrete)". Curing was carried out under water until the age of 14 days, and then cured at 20 ° C. and 60% RH until the age of 28 days. In addition, the case where the relative dynamic elastic modulus in 300 cycles was 60 or more was evaluated as ◯, and the case where it was less than 60 was evaluated as ×.
4) Moisture content of cured product A cured product subjected to the same curing as 3) above was dried at 110 ° C. for 30 days, and the moisture content of the cured product was calculated from the mass of the cured product before and after drying.
The results are shown in Table 2.
[0017]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004464601
[0018]
From Table 2, it can be seen that the lightweight concrete (Examples 1 to 4) defined in the present invention has good pumpability and good frost damage resistance.
On the other hand, in the lightweight concrete of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 using lightweight coarse aggregate containing only less than 50% water with respect to the saturated moisture content, the pumpability was poor.
Moreover, in the lightweight concrete of the comparative example 3 in which the moisture content after hardening exceeds 10 mass%, the frost damage resistance was inferior.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the lightweight concrete of the present invention has good pumpability even when a lightweight coarse aggregate having high water absorption is used. Moreover, the lightweight concrete of this invention is excellent also in frost damage resistance. Therefore, the lightweight concrete of this invention can aim at cost reduction, and can be used conveniently also as a spot cast concrete in a cold district etc.

Claims (1)

飽和含水状態の軽量粗骨材、セメント、細骨材、減水剤及び水を使用した軽量コンクリートであって、
前記軽量粗骨材が膨張頁岩を焼成して得られる軽量粗骨材であり、
前記軽量コンクリートは、水/セメント比が45質量%以下、単位水量が180kg/m3以下、単位粗骨材量が330L/m 3 以下であり、かつ、
硬化後の軽量コンクリートの含水率が10質量%以下であることを特徴とする軽量コンクリート。
Lightweight coarse aggregate with saturated water content, lightweight concrete using cement, fine aggregate, water reducing agent and water,
The lightweight coarse aggregate is a lightweight coarse aggregate obtained by firing expanded shale,
The lightweight concrete has a water / cement ratio of 45% by mass or less, a unit water amount of 180 kg / m 3 or less, a unit coarse aggregate amount of 330 L / m 3 or less , and
A lightweight concrete characterized in that the moisture content of the cured lightweight concrete is 10% by mass or less.
JP2002252750A 2002-08-30 2002-08-30 Lightweight concrete Expired - Fee Related JP4464601B2 (en)

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JP2006182580A (en) * 2004-12-27 2006-07-13 Taiheiyo Material Kk Wear resistant concrete and method of producing the same
DE102005046681A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-05 Construction Research & Technology Gmbh Use of polymeric microparticles in building material mixtures
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