JP4398663B2 - Plant growth promotion and disease control materials - Google Patents
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、非病原性フザリウム菌と、木質炭化物、有機質基質および多孔質物質から選択される1種または2種以上の培養基質からなることを特徴とする植物の生育促進および病害抑制資材に関する。本発明は、更に当該資材を含有した育苗用培土に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
農作物の生産現場では土壌病害が重大な被害をもたらし、これら作物生産の主要な阻害要因となっている。その対策としては従来主として農薬を用いた土壌消毒が行われてきた。しかし、環境保全型農業推進などの観点から、農薬を使用しない防除技術に対する注目が高まっている。
病害回避の方法としては、薬剤処理が従来の技術として取り入れられており、臭化メチル、クロールピクリンなどの土壌くん蒸処理は比較的安定した効果を示すが、作物、人畜に毒性を示し、環境、食品の安全性の面で使用が制限されつつある。ことに、臭化メチルは2005年に全廃されるため、その後の対策を講じる必要がある。具体的には、土壌の蒸気消毒、熱水消毒、太陽熱消毒などの普及があげられる。しかし、くん蒸処理や熱による土壌消毒は病原菌だけでなく、土壌中の有用微生物まで殺してしまう。こうしたことから、生態的防除に関する取組みが環境面、安全面から注目されつつある。生態的防除は輪作、土壌理化学性の改善や有機物施用、有用微生物の使用により、病原菌の活性や密度の低下をねらいとするものと、抵抗性品種、抵抗性誘導などにより、病原菌による感染を阻止するものがあげられる。
【0003】
中でも、非病原性微生物を利用する病害防除についての研究では効果が得られている事例が多い。例えば、サツマイモつる割れ病を起こすフザリウム・オキスポラム・エフ・エスピー・ベティタス(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas)に対してサツマイモから分離した非病原性フザリウム・オキスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)のさし芽浸漬などによる前接種が発病抑制効果が高いという報告がある(小川奎、駒田旦:日植病報、50、1984)。ホウレンソウ萎凋病防除には、非病原性Fusarium (F13)が有効であるとの報告がされている。
【0004】
また土壌中には、植物の根圏に生息して植物の生育を促進させる作用を有する菌類も存在し、これらは植物生育促進菌類(PGPF)と呼ばれている。
これら非病原性微生物やPGPFは、上述したいずれの効果を併せ持つものではなく、病害防除効果はあっても生育促進に寄与しない、また逆に生育促進効果はあっても病害防除に寄与せず、農作物の生産において必ずしも充分な有効手段ではなかった。
また、何より農作物を生産する上で、農作物自体が耐病性を有し、健全であることが重要で、これを達成する安全で有効な手段が望まれていた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、農作物を土壌病害から守り、生育を促進させる資材を提供し、安定した農作物生産をすることにある。また、当該資材を混合した育苗用培土において、農作物の初期生育を旺盛にし、健全な状態で定植することで作物を土壌病害から守り、安定した作物生産をすることを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上記目的を達成するため鋭意研究を重ねた結果、木質炭化物、有機質基質および/または多孔質物質を含有する培養基質へ非病原性フザリウム菌を添加し、培養して得られた資材が植物の生育促進および病害抑制効果をもたらすことを見出した。また、当該資材を土壌と混合して育苗用培土とするとき、発芽時より根に非病原性フザリウム菌が定着し、病原菌の侵入を防ぎ、土壌病害から守るだけでなく、生育の促進にも寄与し、またさらには農作物に耐病性が付与され、定植後においても健全な生育がもたらされることを見出した。
【0007】
本発明の植物の生育促進および病害抑制資材は、木質炭化物、有機質基質および/または多孔質物質を混合した培養基質へ非病原性フザリウム菌を培養することにより製造することが出来る。
非病原性フザリウム菌としては、フザリウム・オキスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)SM007、フザリウム・オキスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)NK049、フザリウム・オキスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)1-1007等をあげることができるが、フザリウム・オキスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)SM007を用いることが好ましい。
【0008】
フザリウム・オキスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)SM007については次の特徴がある。
タマネギ栽培土壌および健全母球から非病原性フザリウム・オキスポラムを分離し、浸根接種法、苗床前接種法、自然土壌への混和法および潅注法を行い、その中からタマネギ乾腐病を最も抑制した菌株がフザリウム・オキスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)SM007であった。
本菌株はフザリウム・オキスポラムの特徴である菌糸に隔壁を有し、くし型分生子を形成して増殖する。ポテトデキストロース寒天培地上で生育させると、集落の色は紫色で気中菌糸は白色となる。植物に及ぼす影響を調査した結果、タマネギ、ダイコン、大豆、ホウレンソウ、トマト、スイカ、メロン、レタス、インゲンなど作物に病原性を示さなかった。
【0009】
フザリウム・オキスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)SM007の菌学的性質は次のとおりである。
生育温度は7℃から37℃であり、25℃〜30℃が最適温度である。また、グルコース、シュークロース、ガラクトース、ラフィノース、パラチノースなどの糖を資化する。グルタミン酸、プロリン、バリンなどのアミノ酸を資化する。
フザリウム・オキスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)SM007は寄託番号:FERM P−19251として、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託されている。
【0010】
培養基質として木質炭化物、有機質基質および多孔質資材は、単独またはいかなる組合せによっても使用することができるが、木質炭化物、有機質基質、多孔質資材の全てを含むことが好ましく、その比率は、木質炭化物+多孔質資材:有機質基材の重量比で9:1〜1:1が好ましい。このとき木質炭化物と多孔質資材の比率は特に制限しない。
木質炭化物としては、バーク炭、ヤシガラ炭、竹炭、カラマツ炭、ナラ炭、オガ炭、モミガラ炭等があげられ、バーク炭が好ましい。
有機質基質としては、コメヌカ、フスマ、大豆かす、なたねかす、わたみかす、ひましかす、コーヒーかす、もみがら、オガクズ、ピートモス、バーク堆肥等があげられ、コメヌカ、フスマが好ましい。
多孔質資材としては、ゼオライト、ベントナイト、リオライト、バーミキュライト、イソライト、珪藻土等があげられ、ゼオライト、バーミキュライトが好ましい。
【0011】
これら培養基質に非病原性フザリウム菌を添加し、さらに水を添加して菌を培養する。
このとき、培養基質に添加する水分量は20〜60%が適当であるが、胞子形成と培養後の乾燥行程を省略できるようにするために、30%前後が好ましい。培養温度は好ましくは20〜30℃であり、更に好ましくは25℃前後である。培養期間は、2〜5週間が好ましい。
こうして得られた本発明の植物の生育促進および病害抑制資材は、単独で使用することもできるが、適当な個体担体、液体担体、乳化分散剤などを用いて、粒剤、粉剤、錠剤、乳剤、水和剤等の任意の形状で使用できる。また、この当該資材を無機肥料、有機肥料、除草剤、土壌等と共に使用し、肥料、土壌改良資材、育苗用培土等とすることができる。このとき、単独の資材又は他の原料と混合され得られた製品中には、非病原性フザリウム菌は植物の生育促進および病害抑制の効果を発揮するに足りる菌数があればよく、好ましくは102CFU/g以上、特に好ましくは104CFU/g以上である。
【0012】
育苗用培土とするとき、本発明の植物の生育促進および病害抑制資材は土壌と混合して製造される。当該資材の混合量は培土全量に対し、0.1〜20%が適当であるが、病害抑制効果と経済的効果を考慮すると5%前後が好ましい。
本発明の植物の生育促進および病害抑制資材並びに当該資材を含有する育苗用培土の適応する病害微生物としては、病原性フザリウム菌、ピシウム菌、リゾクトニア菌、バーティシリウム菌、紋羽病菌、白絹病菌、フィトフソラ菌等、本発明における非病原性フザリウム菌またはフザリウム・オキスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)SM007により増殖を抑制若しくは死滅させることのできる微生物であれば、いかなるものであってもよい。特に病原性フザリウム菌には効果的で、顕著に増殖を抑制若しくは死滅させることができる。
【0013】
病原性フザリウム菌のもたらす病害としては、タマネギ乾腐病、サツマイモつる割れ病、トマト萎凋病、キュウリつる割れ病、ダイコン萎黄病、イチゴ萎黄病、レタス根腐病、イチゴ萎黄病、ホウレンソウ萎凋病等が知られ、これらの病害に特に効果的に適応することができる。
この他、ホウレンソウ立枯病、キャベツ萎黄病、ナス半身萎凋病、リンゴ紋羽病等の病害に適応することができる。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれらに限定されるものではない。
試験例1
(試験方法)
各供試資材(フスマ、コメヌカ、ナタネ油かす、ダイズ油かす)100gをマヨネーズビンに入れ、水を25mL加えて121℃で30分間オートクレーブ滅菌した。次に、あらかじめPD(ポテトデキストロース)液体培地で培養しておいたフザリウム・オキスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)SM007菌(以下、SM007菌と略す)液4mL(2×106胞子)を添加して30℃で培養を行い、培養7日目と21日目の菌数を測定した。
【0015】
(結果の概要)
結果を表1に示した。培養7日目ではいずれの資材とも107オーダーに増殖したが、21日目ではいずれも減少し、大豆かすとなたねかすではアンモニアガスの発生などの影響で106オーダー以下になった。
以上の結果より、培養基質としてはコメヌカ>フスマ>大豆かす>なたねかすの順に好ましい結果となった。
【表1】
【0016】
試験例2
(試験方法)
コメヌカ40gと多孔質資材あるいは木質炭化物(バーミキュライト、ゼオライト、イソライト、バーク炭、ヤシガラ炭)の各供試資材360gをシナノパック((株)シナノポリ製)へ入れ、水を100mL加え混合し、封をして121℃で30分間オートクレーブ滅菌した。次に、あらかじめPD液体培地で培養しておいたSM007菌液4mL(1.5×106胞子)を添加して30℃で培養を行い、培養12日後の菌数を測定した。試験は、各資材3連で行った。
(結果の概要)
結果を表2に示した。イソライト以外はいずれも107オーダーに増殖し、バーク炭>ヤシガラ炭>バーミキュライト>ゼオライトの順であった。
【表2】
【0017】
試験例3
(試験方法)
表3のとおり配合した資材400gをシナノパック((株)シナノポリ製)へ入れ、水100mLを加え混合して121℃30分間オートクレーブ滅菌した。次に、あらかじめPD液体培地で培養しておいたSM007菌液2mL(6×107CFU/g)を添加して30℃で培養を行い、菌数を測定した。
(結果の概要)
結果を表4に示した。いずれの資材においても107CFUオーダーを保管12ヶ月後まで維持しており、保管における菌数の減少は低く、効果の期待できる範囲内で推移した。
【表3】
【表4】
【0018】
実施例1
バーク炭800g、ゼオライト800g、コメヌカ400gをよく混合してシナノパック((株)シナノポリ製)へ入れ、水を500mL加え、封をして121℃で30分間オートクレーブ滅菌した。次に、あらかじめPD液体培地で培養しておいたSM007菌液4mL(1.5×106胞子)を添加して30℃で4週間培養を行い、植物の生育促進および病害抑制資材(以下、SM007資材と略す)を製造した。
得られたSM007資材中の非病原性フザリウム菌胞子数は、2×107CFU/gであった。
【0019】
試験例4
(試験方法)
タマネギ育苗用培土(オニオンエース:片倉チッカリン(株)製)へ実施例1のSM007資材を0.01%、0.1%、1%、5%、10%(重量比)混合し、育苗トレーへ充填した。そこへタマネギ(品種:スーパー北もみじ)を播種して、ビニールハウス内で育苗を行い、50日目に各処理区の20株について生育調査を行った。
(結果の概要)
結果を表5に示した。SM007資材を培土へ混合することにより草丈および新鮮重ともに優り、特に0.1%以上すなわち、非病原性フザリウム菌胞子数で104CFU/g土壌以上生存していれば顕著な生育促進効果が認められた。
【表5】
【0020】
試験例5
(試験方法)
1.育苗
プラグ培土へ実施例1のSM007資材を5重量%混合して育苗トレーへ充填し、タマネギ(ウルフ玉葱:タキイ)を播種した区を育苗処理区とし、プラグ培土を育苗トレーへ充填し、タマネギを播種した区を育苗無処理区とした。このとき、培土中のSM007菌の胞子数は8×105CFU/gであった。これらのトレーをガラス温室内に置き、育苗を行った。
【0021】
2.ポット栽培
あらかじめPD液体培地で培養したタマネギ乾腐病菌50mLをフスマ45gと混合し、未耕地土壌(バーミキュライトを重量比で20%混合)へ添加して病土を20kg作成した。この病土へ10a換算で窒素15kg、リン酸25kg、カリ15kgとなるように、硫酸、過リン酸石灰、硫酸カリを混合し、15cmポリポットへ1kg充填した。そこへ、上述(1.育苗)の方法により育苗したタマネギ苗を鉢上げした。このとき、育苗処理区のタマネギ苗を鉢上げした区を育苗処理−ポット無処理区、育苗無処理区のタマネギ苗を鉢上げした区を育苗無処理−ポット無処理区とし、それぞれ5株の区とした。また、前述の病土へ同様の施肥を行い、実施例1のSM007資材を10a換算で200kgとなるように混合してポリポットへ充填したものに、上述(1.育苗)の方法により育苗したタマネギ苗を鉢上げした。このとき、育苗処理区のタマネギ苗を鉢上げした区を育苗処理−ポット処理区、育苗無処理区のタマネギ苗を鉢上げした区を育苗無処理−ポット処理区とし、それぞれ5株の区とした。栽培はガラス温室内で最低気温が15℃以下にならないよう加温した。
調査は鱗茎と根重を測定し、土壌については、調査時の微生物性をローズベンガル寒天培地、エッグアルブミン寒天培地、フザリウム菌選択培地を用いて計数した。なお、SM007菌はフザリウム菌選択培地でのコロニーの形態により識別した。
【0022】
(栽培概要)
播種:1日目、鉢上げ:36日目、生育調査:148日目
(結果の概要)
1.発病調査結果
結果を表6に示した。育苗無処理−ポット無処理区は発病度が40と最も高く、次いで育苗無処理−ポット処理区>育苗処理−ポット処理区>育苗処理−ポット無処理区の順となり、育苗処理−ポット無処理区では無発病であった。
2.生育調査結果
結果を表7に示した。発病度が高かった育苗無処理−ポット無処理区の鱗茎重および根重が最も劣った。育苗処理−ポット処理区が最も優れ、次いで育苗処理−ポット無処理区、育苗無処理−ポット処理区であった。
3.栽培土壌の微生物性
結果を表8に示した。タマネギ乾腐病菌はいずれの処理区ともに103オーダーであったが、発病度が高い育苗無処理−ポット無処理区が最も多く、次いで育苗無処理−ポット処理区>育苗処理−ポット処理区>育苗処理−ポット無処理区の順であり、菌数と発病度は同様な傾向にあった。SM007菌は102オーダーで検出された。
【表6】
【表7】
【表8】
【0023】
試験例6
タマネギ育苗用培土(オニオンエース:片倉チッカリン(株)製)へ実施例1のSM007資材を5%(重量比)混合してポリ袋へ1kg充填して封をして−5℃および30℃に置いて経時的にSM007菌数を調査した。
(結果の概要)
結果を表9に示した。−5℃および30℃に置いても一年間ほぼ同一オーダーの菌数を維持していた。
【表9】
【0024】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、非病原性フザリウム菌と、木質炭化物、有機質基質および多孔質物質から選択される1種または2種以上の培養基質からなることを特徴とする植物の生育促進および病害抑制資材に関する。本発明は、更に当該資材を含有した育苗用培土に関する。
本発明の資材又は当該資材を含有する育苗用培土の施用により、植物は生育促進および病害抑制効果がもたらされる。また、育苗用培土とするとき、発芽時より根に非病原性フザリウム菌が定着し、病原菌の侵入を防ぎ、土壌病害から守るだけでなく、生育の促進にも寄与し、またさらには農作物に耐病性が付与され、定植後においても健全な生育がもたらされる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a plant growth-promoting and disease-suppressing material comprising a non-pathogenic Fusarium bacterium and one or more culture substrates selected from a wood carbide, an organic substrate, and a porous material. The present invention further relates to a seedling culture soil containing the material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Soil diseases cause serious damage at the production site of agricultural crops, and are a major obstacle to the production of these crops. As countermeasures, soil disinfection using agricultural chemicals has been mainly performed. However, from the viewpoint of environmental conservation type agriculture promotion, attention is being paid to control technology that does not use agricultural chemicals.
As a disease avoidance method, chemical treatment has been adopted as a conventional technique, and soil fumigation treatment such as methyl bromide and chlorpicrin has a relatively stable effect, but is toxic to crops and humans, the environment, Use is being restricted in terms of food safety. In particular, since methyl bromide will be completely abolished in 2005, further measures must be taken. Specifically, the spread of soil steam disinfection, hot water disinfection, solar heat disinfection, and the like. However, soil fumigation by fumigation or heat kills not only pathogenic bacteria but also useful microorganisms in the soil. For these reasons, efforts related to ecological control are attracting attention from the environmental and safety aspects. Ecological control is intended to reduce the activity and density of pathogenic bacteria by rotating crops, improving soil physicochemical properties, applying organic matter, and using useful microorganisms, as well as resistant varieties and resistance induction to prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria. What to do.
[0003]
Among them, there are many cases where effects are obtained in research on disease control using non-pathogenic microorganisms. For example, by soaking buds of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolated from sweet potato against Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Batatas causing sweet potato vine cracking disease There is a report that pre-inoculation has a high disease-suppressing effect (Akira Ogawa, Dan Komada: Nikkatsu Disease Report, 50, 1984). It has been reported that non-pathogenic Fusarium (F13) is effective in controlling spinach wilt.
[0004]
In soil, there are fungi that live in the rhizosphere of plants and have an action of promoting the growth of plants, and these are called plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF).
These non-pathogenic microorganisms and PGPF do not have any of the above-mentioned effects, do not contribute to growth promotion even if there is a disease control effect, and conversely do not contribute to disease control even if there is a growth promotion effect, It was not always an effective means for producing crops.
Moreover, above all, it is important for crops to have disease resistance and soundness in producing crops, and a safe and effective means for achieving this has been desired.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a material that protects crops from soil diseases and promotes growth, thereby producing stable crops. Another object of the present invention is to provide a stable crop production by protecting the crop from soil diseases by encouraging the initial growth of the crop and planting it in a healthy state in the seedling culture soil mixed with the material.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have added non-pathogenic Fusarium fungus to a culture substrate containing wood carbide, organic substrate and / or porous material, and obtained by culturing. It was found that these materials have the effect of promoting plant growth and controlling diseases. In addition, when the material is mixed with soil and used as a seedling culture soil, non-pathogenic Fusarium fungi settle in the roots from the time of germination, preventing invasion of pathogenic fungi and protecting them from soil diseases, as well as promoting growth. It has been found that the plant contributes to the disease and further provides disease resistance to the crops, and provides healthy growth even after planting.
[0007]
The plant growth-promoting and disease-suppressing material of the present invention can be produced by culturing non-pathogenic Fusarium fungi on a culture substrate in which a wood carbide, an organic substrate and / or a porous material are mixed.
Examples of non-pathogenic Fusarium fungi include Fusarium oxysporum SM007, Fusarium oxysporum NK049, Fusarium oxysporum 1-1007, and Fusarium oxysporum ) SM007 is preferably used.
[0008]
Fusarium oxysporum SM007 has the following characteristics.
Isolate non-pathogenic Fusarium oxporam from onion-cultivated soil and healthy mother bulb, and perform the root inoculation method, pre-seedling inoculation method, mixing method to natural soil and irrigation method, among which the onion dry rot is most suppressed The resulting strain was Fusarium oxysporum SM007.
This strain has a septum in the hypha that is characteristic of Fusarium oxporam, and grows by forming comb-type conidia. When grown on potato dextrose agar, the colony color is purple and the aerial hyphae is white. As a result of investigating the effects on plants, no pathogenicity was observed in crops such as onion, radish, soybean, spinach, tomato, watermelon, melon, lettuce and green beans.
[0009]
The mycological properties of Fusarium oxysporum SM007 are as follows.
The growth temperature is 7 ° C to 37 ° C, and 25 ° C to 30 ° C is the optimum temperature. It also assimilate sugars such as glucose, sucrose, galactose, raffinose and palatinose. Utilizes amino acids such as glutamic acid, proline, and valine.
Fusarium oxysporum SM007 is deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology under the deposit number: FERM P-19251.
[0010]
Wood carbide, organic substrate and porous material can be used alone or in any combination as a culture substrate, but it is preferable to include all of wood carbide, organic substrate and porous material, the ratio of which is wood carbide The weight ratio of + porous material: organic substrate is preferably 9: 1 to 1: 1. At this time, the ratio of the wood carbide and the porous material is not particularly limited.
Examples of the wood carbide include bark charcoal, coconut husk charcoal, bamboo charcoal, larch charcoal, oak charcoal, oga charcoal, and rice bran charcoal, and bark charcoal is preferred.
Examples of the organic substrate include rice bran, bran, soybean cake, rape seed, cotton cake, castor, coffee grounds, rice cake, sawdust, peat moss, bark compost, etc., and rice bran and bran are preferable.
Examples of the porous material include zeolite, bentonite, lyolite, vermiculite, isolite, diatomaceous earth and the like, and zeolite and vermiculite are preferable.
[0011]
Non-pathogenic Fusarium bacteria are added to these culture substrates, and water is further added to culture the bacteria.
At this time, the amount of water added to the culture substrate is suitably 20 to 60%, but about 30% is preferable so that the spore formation and the drying process after the culture can be omitted. The culture temperature is preferably 20-30 ° C, more preferably around 25 ° C. The culture period is preferably 2 to 5 weeks.
The plant growth promotion and disease control materials of the present invention thus obtained can be used alone, but using appropriate solid carriers, liquid carriers, emulsifying dispersants, etc., granules, powders, tablets, emulsions It can be used in any shape such as a wettable powder. Moreover, the said material can be used with an inorganic fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a herbicide, soil, etc., and it can be set as a fertilizer, soil improvement material, seedling culture soil, etc. At this time, in the product obtained by mixing with a single material or other raw materials, the non-pathogenic Fusarium bacterium should have a sufficient number of bacteria to exert the effects of promoting the growth of the plant and suppressing the disease, preferably 10 2 CFU / g or more, particularly preferably 10 4 CFU / g or more.
[0012]
When used as a seedling culture soil, the plant growth promoting and disease suppressing material of the present invention is produced by mixing with soil. The mixing amount of the material is suitably 0.1 to 20% based on the total amount of the soil, but about 5% is preferable in consideration of the disease control effect and the economic effect.
As the disease-promoting microorganisms of the plant growth promoting and disease-suppressing material of the present invention and the seedling culture medium containing the materials, pathogenic fusarium fungus, Pycium fungus, Rhizoctonia fungus, Verticillium fungus, crest feather fungus, white silk Any microorganism can be used as long as it can suppress or kill growth by a non-pathogenic Fusarium bacterium or Fusarium oxysporum SM007 in the present invention, such as a disease bacterium or Phytofusora bacterium. In particular, it is effective for pathogenic Fusarium bacteria and can remarkably suppress or kill growth.
[0013]
Diseases caused by pathogenic Fusarium fungi include onion dry rot, sweet potato vine crack, tomato wilt, cucumber vine crack, radish wilt, strawberry wilt, lettuce root rot, strawberry wilt, spinach wilt, etc. Are known and can be particularly effectively adapted to these diseases.
In addition, it can be applied to diseases such as spinach blight, cabbage wilt, eggplant half wilt and apple coat rot.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Test example 1
(Test method)
100 g of each test material (brass, rice bran, rapeseed oil cake, soybean oil cake) was placed in a mayonnaise bottle, 25 mL of water was added, and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes. Next, 4 mL (2 × 10 6 spores) of Fusarium oxysporum SM007 (hereinafter abbreviated as SM007) previously cultured in a PD (potato dextrose) liquid medium was added at 30 ° C. Culture was performed, and the number of bacteria on the 7th and 21st days of culture was measured.
[0015]
(Summary of results)
The results are shown in Table 1. On the 7th day of culture, all materials grew to 10 7 orders, but on the 21st day, both decreased, and the soy residue and nekasu became 10 6 orders or less due to the generation of ammonia gas.
From the above results, preferable results were obtained as the culture substrate in the order of rice bran>bran> soybean meal> rape seed.
[Table 1]
[0016]
Test example 2
(Test method)
Put 40g of rice bran and 360g of porous materials or wood carbide (vermiculite, zeolite, isolite, bark charcoal, coconut charcoal) into Shinano Pack (manufactured by Shinano Poly Co., Ltd.), add 100mL of water, mix, and seal And autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes. Next, 4 mL of SM007 bacterial solution (1.5 × 10 6 spores) previously cultured in a PD liquid medium was added and cultured at 30 ° C., and the number of bacteria after 12 days of culture was measured. The test was carried out with three consecutive materials.
(Summary of results)
The results are shown in Table 2. Except for isolite, all grew to the order of 10 7, and the order was: Bark charcoal> coconut husk charcoal>vermiculite> zeolite.
[Table 2]
[0017]
Test example 3
(Test method)
400 g of the material blended as shown in Table 3 was put into Shinano Pack (manufactured by Shinano Poly Co., Ltd.), 100 mL of water was added and mixed, and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes. Next, 2 mL (6 × 10 7 CFU / g) of SM007 bacterial solution previously cultured in PD liquid medium was added and cultured at 30 ° C., and the number of bacteria was measured.
(Summary of results)
The results are shown in Table 4. In all materials, the order of 10 7 CFU was maintained until 12 months after storage, and the decrease in the number of bacteria during storage was low and remained within the range where the effect could be expected.
[Table 3]
[Table 4]
[0018]
Example 1
800 g of bark charcoal, 800 g of zeolite, and 400 g of rice bran were mixed well and put into Shinano Pack (manufactured by Shinano Poly Co., Ltd.), 500 mL of water was added, sealed, and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes. Next, 4 mL (1.5 × 10 6 spores) of SM007 bacterial culture previously cultured in PD liquid medium was added and cultured at 30 ° C. for 4 weeks to promote plant growth and prevent disease (hereinafter referred to as SM007 material). Abbreviated).
The number of non-pathogenic Fusarium spores in the obtained SM007 material was 2 × 10 7 CFU / g.
[0019]
Test example 4
(Test method)
The SM007 material of Example 1 was mixed with 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 5%, and 10% (by weight) of the onion seedling culture soil (Onion Ace: manufactured by Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.) and filled into a seedling tray. Onions (variety: Super Kita-momiji) were sown there, and the seedlings were raised in a greenhouse. On the 50th day, the growth survey was conducted on 20 strains in each treatment area.
(Summary of results)
The results are shown in Table 5. By mixing the SM007 material into the soil, the plant height and fresh weight are superior, especially if it is 0.1% or more, that is, if the number of non-pathogenic Fusarium spores exceeds 10 4 CFU / g soil, a significant growth promoting effect is observed. It was.
[Table 5]
[0020]
Test Example 5
(Test method)
1. Mixing 5% by weight of SM007 material of Example 1 into the seedling plug culture soil and filling the seedling tray with the onion (Wolf Onion: Takii) as the seedling treatment zone, filling the plug culture soil into the seedling tray, and turning the onion The group sowed was set as a seedling-free treatment group. At this time, the number of spores of SM007 in the soil was 8 × 10 5 CFU / g. These trays were placed in a glass greenhouse to raise seedlings.
[0021]
2. Pot cultivation 50 mL of onion dry rot fungus previously cultured in PD liquid medium was mixed with 45 g of bran and added to uncultivated soil (mixed with 20% vermiculite by weight) to prepare 20 kg of diseased soil. Sulfuric acid, superphosphate lime, and potassium sulfate were mixed in this diseased soil so that the nitrogen content was 15 kg, phosphoric acid 25 kg, and potassium 15 kg in terms of 10a, and 1 kg was filled into a 15 cm polypot. There, the onion seedlings grown by the method described above (1. Raising seedlings) were potted. At this time, the area where the onion seedling of the seedling treatment area was raised was designated as the seedling treatment-pot non-treatment area, and the area where the onion seedling of the seedling treatment area was raised as the seedling treatment-pot non-treatment area, It was set as a ward. In addition, the same fertilization was applied to the above-mentioned diseased soil, and the onion grown by the method described above (1. Raising seedlings) was mixed with the SM007 material of Example 1 to 200 kg in terms of 10a and filled in a polypot. Planted seedlings. At this time, the area where the onion seedling of the seedling treatment area was raised was designated as the seedling treatment-pot treatment area, the area where the onion seedling of the seedling treatment-free area was raised was designated as the nursery treatment-pot treatment area, did. The cultivation was heated in a glass greenhouse so that the minimum temperature did not drop below 15 ° C.
In the survey, bulbs and root weight were measured, and for soil, the microbial properties at the time of the survey were counted using a Rose Bengal agar medium, an egg albumin agar medium, and a Fusarium selective medium. SM007 bacteria were identified by colony morphology in Fusarium selective medium.
[0022]
(Cultivation overview)
Sowing: Day 1, Potting: Day 36, Growth Survey: Day 148 (Summary of results)
1. Table 6 shows the results of disease investigation results. No seedling treatment-pot non-treatment group has the highest disease severity of 40, followed by seedling treatment-pot treatment group> nursery treatment-pot treatment group> seedling treatment-pot non-treatment group in order of seedling treatment-pot no treatment There was no disease in the ward.
2. The results of the growth survey are shown in Table 7. The seedling-untreated-pot-untreated section with the highest disease severity showed the lowest bulb weight and root weight. The seedling treatment-pot treatment group was the best, followed by the seedling treatment-pot non-treatment group and the seedling non-treatment-pot treatment group.
3. Table 8 shows the microbial results of the cultivated soil. Onion dry rot fungi were in the order of 10 3 in all treatment groups, but the highest number of diseased seedlings without treatment-pot non-treatment group, followed by no seedling treatment-pot treatment group> seedling treatment-pot treatment group> The order was seedling treatment-pot non-treatment, and the number of bacteria and the degree of disease were similar. SM007 bacteria was detected in 10 2 order.
[Table 6]
[Table 7]
[Table 8]
[0023]
Test Example 6
Mix 5% (weight ratio) of SM007 material of Example 1 into onion seedling culture soil (Onion Ace: manufactured by Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.) The number of SM007 bacteria was investigated over time.
(Summary of results)
The results are shown in Table 9. Even at −5 ° C. and 30 ° C., the number of bacteria of the same order was maintained for one year.
[Table 9]
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention relates to a plant growth-promoting and disease-suppressing material comprising a non-pathogenic Fusarium bacterium and one or more culture substrates selected from a wood carbide, an organic substrate, and a porous material. The present invention further relates to a seedling culture soil containing the material.
By applying the material of the present invention or the soil for raising seedlings containing the material, the plant is brought to the effect of promoting growth and preventing disease. In addition, non-pathogenic Fusarium fungi settle in the roots from the time of germination, and not only protect them from soil diseases, but also contribute to the promotion of growth. Disease resistance is imparted and healthy growth is achieved even after planting.
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