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JP4389781B2 - X-ray generator - Google Patents

X-ray generator Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4389781B2
JP4389781B2 JP2004380048A JP2004380048A JP4389781B2 JP 4389781 B2 JP4389781 B2 JP 4389781B2 JP 2004380048 A JP2004380048 A JP 2004380048A JP 2004380048 A JP2004380048 A JP 2004380048A JP 4389781 B2 JP4389781 B2 JP 4389781B2
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aperture
rays
ray generator
electron beam
generate
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JP2006185827A (en
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秀樹 佐藤
真 藤田
喜仁 湯浅
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Shimadzu Corp
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Description

本発明は、工業分野、医療分野などに用いられるX線発生装置に係り、X線透視画像の画像ノイズを低減させることのできるX線発生装置を提供するものである。微小なサイズのX線を発生するものにも好適に使用される。   The present invention relates to an X-ray generator used in an industrial field, a medical field, or the like, and provides an X-ray generator capable of reducing image noise of an X-ray fluoroscopic image. It is also preferably used for a device that generates X-rays of a minute size.

一般的なX線発生装置の構成を図1に示す。陰極(電子銃)から発生した電子ビームは、電子光学系であるアライメントコイル群1、2および電子レンズを経てターゲットに衝突することによりX線を発生させる。また電子ビーム軌道上には一般に、電子ビームを絞るための通過孔が形成されたアパーチャを備えている。アパーチャの通過孔はこれに照射される電子ビームの径よりも小さいものとされており、電子ビームの周辺部を遮ってカットし、通過孔径に規定されたビームとしてこれを通過させる。   A configuration of a general X-ray generator is shown in FIG. The electron beam generated from the cathode (electron gun) collides with the target via the alignment coil groups 1 and 2 and the electron lens, which are electron optical systems, to generate X-rays. In general, the electron beam trajectory is provided with an aperture having a passage hole for narrowing the electron beam. The aperture passage hole has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the electron beam applied to the aperture. The aperture is cut off by blocking the periphery of the electron beam, and is passed as a beam defined by the diameter of the passage hole.

特開2003−344596号公報(図1、Aperture1、Aperture2参照)JP 2003-344596 A (see FIG. 1, Aperture 1 and Aperture 2)

しかしながら、図2に示すように、アパーチャ1の通過孔1aの内面や電子ビームB照射側の周辺部など、電子ビームが照射される面からもX線が発生し、こうして発生した夾雑X線がX線画像にノイズとなって重畳するという問題がある。   However, as shown in FIG. 2, X-rays are also generated from the surface irradiated with the electron beam, such as the inner surface of the aperture 1a of the aperture 1 and the peripheral part on the electron beam B irradiation side, and the generated X-rays are There is a problem that noise is superimposed on the X-ray image.

本発明はこのような事情を鑑みて為されたものであり、アパーチャ自身のエネルギービーム照射面から発生する夾雑X線の発生を低減させ、これに起因するX線画像ノイズを低減させることができるX線発生装置を提供するものである。
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can reduce generation of contaminated X-rays generated from the energy beam irradiation surface of the aperture itself and reduce X-ray image noise resulting therefrom. An X-ray generator is provided.

上記の目的を達成するため、本発明に係るX線発生装置は、エネルギービームを発生させるビーム源と、このビーム源に対向配置され、ビーム源からのエネルギービームの衝突によりX線を発生させるターゲットと、前記ビーム源とターゲットとの間に配置され、エネルギービームを絞るための通過孔が形成されたアパーチャとを備えたX線発生装置であって、少なくとも前記アパーチャのエネルギービームが照射される面を、アパーチャの材質よりもX線を発生しにくい材質で構成したことを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, an X-ray generation apparatus according to the present invention includes a beam source that generates an energy beam and a target that is disposed opposite to the beam source and generates X-rays by collision of the energy beam from the beam source. And an X-ray generator provided between the beam source and the target and having an aperture in which a passage hole for converging the energy beam is formed, at least the surface irradiated with the energy beam of the aperture Is made of a material that is less likely to generate X-rays than the material of the aperture.

また、アパーチャの材質よりもX線を発生しにくい材質として、アパーチャの材質の原子番号よりも小さい原子番号の材質を採用したことを特徴とする。   In addition, a material having an atomic number smaller than the atomic number of the aperture material is employed as a material that is less likely to generate X-rays than the aperture material.

さらには、アパーチャの材質がリン青銅であり、アパーチャの材質よりもX線を発生しにくい材質をカーボン及び/又はアルミニウムとしたことを特徴とする。
リン青銅製のアパーチャはエネルギービームをカットする材質として好適な材質であり、安価かつ加工性、切削性、導電性、伝熱性、入手容易性などの面で好適である。またカーボンは安価でかつ導電性、伝熱性に優れ入手容易な材料であり、加工性に富む。また、アルミニウムにおいても、導電性、伝熱性に優れ、更に溶射が可能であるため皮膜形成も容易に行なうことができる。
Furthermore, the material of the aperture is phosphor bronze, and the material that is less likely to generate X-rays than the material of the aperture is carbon and / or aluminum.
A phosphor bronze aperture is a material suitable for cutting an energy beam, and is suitable in terms of low cost, workability, machinability, conductivity, heat transfer, availability, and the like. Carbon is an inexpensive, easy-to-obtain material with excellent conductivity and heat transfer, and has high workability. Aluminum is also excellent in conductivity and heat conductivity, and can be easily sprayed because it can be sprayed.

本願発明に係るX線発生装置においては、アパーチャを上述の構成としたので、アパーチャ自身から発生する夾雑X線の発生を抑制し、X線画像へのノイズ重畳を低減させることができる。
In the X-ray generator according to the present invention, since the aperture is configured as described above, it is possible to suppress generation of contaminated X-rays generated from the aperture itself and reduce noise superimposition on the X-ray image.

以下、図面を参照してこの発明をマイクロフォーカスX線管に適用した場合の実施例について説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention applied to a microfocus X-ray tube will be described below with reference to the drawings.

このマイクロフォーカスX線管の光学系概念図は図1のものと同じである。タングステン、6ホウ化ランタン(LaB6)、6ホウ化セリウム(CeB6)など公知の陰極(カソード)から発生するエネルギービームである電子ビームは、電子光学系たるアライメントコイル群1、2により軌道を偏向され、電子レンズにより縮小結像されてターゲットに衝突し、微小焦点からX線を発生する。また、電子ビーム軌道上にはリン青銅製などの公知のアパーチャが配設されている。アパーチャには電子ビームを絞るための通過孔(絞り孔)が形成されているが、例えば照射される電子ビーム径が1mm〜5mm程度であるのに対し、アパーチャの通過孔径はこれより小さい0.5mm〜1mm程度のものとされており、電子ビームはアパーチャの通過孔径により範囲制限されてこれを通過する。   The optical system conceptual diagram of this microfocus X-ray tube is the same as that of FIG. An electron beam, which is an energy beam generated from a known cathode (cathode) such as tungsten, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6), or cerium hexaboride (CeB6), is orbitally deflected by alignment coil groups 1 and 2 which are electron optical systems. The image is reduced by the electron lens, collides with the target, and X-rays are generated from the micro focus. A known aperture such as phosphor bronze is disposed on the electron beam trajectory. The aperture has a passage hole (aperture hole) for narrowing the electron beam. For example, the diameter of the irradiated electron beam is about 1 mm to 5 mm, whereas the diameter of the aperture passage hole is smaller than this. The range of the electron beam is limited by the aperture hole diameter of the aperture and passes through this.

このとき、図2に示すように、アパーチャ1の通過孔1aのビーム照射面側の周辺部には電子ビームBが直接当たっており、そこから夾雑X線が発生してしまい、後段で撮像されるX線画像にノイズとなって重畳されていた。あるいは、電子ビームが若干広がりを持って進んでいる場合には、通過孔1aの内面からも夾雑X線が発生してしまい、ノイズ原因となっていた、そこで、本願発明においては、図3に示すように、アパーチャ1の通過孔1aのビーム照射面側の周辺部やをアパーチャの材質よりもX線を発生しにくい材質からなる被覆膜2で構成するようにしている。   At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the electron beam B directly hits the peripheral portion of the aperture 1 on the beam irradiation surface side of the aperture 1, and the contaminated X-rays are generated therefrom, and are imaged later. Noise was superimposed on the X-ray image. Alternatively, when the electron beam is traveling with a slight spread, contaminated X-rays are also generated from the inner surface of the passage hole 1a, causing noise. Therefore, in the present invention, FIG. As shown, the periphery of the aperture 1 on the beam irradiation surface side of the passage hole 1a and the like are made of a coating film 2 made of a material that is less likely to generate X-rays than the material of the aperture.

アパーチャの材質よりもX線を発生しにくい材質としては、例えばアパーチャの材質として使用している物質よりも原子番号の小さい物質から構成することができる。アパーチャの材質が化合物または異なる物質の混合物からなる場合には、各構成物質のいずれよりも原子番号の小さいものが採用される。なお、各構成物質とは夾雑物として極微少量混在しているものまでを指すのではなく、材質としてその物質に起因する性質を発現するだけの存在量を有するものを指す。   The material that is less likely to generate X-rays than the material of the aperture can be composed of a material having an atomic number smaller than that of the material used as the material of the aperture, for example. When the aperture is made of a compound or a mixture of different substances, those having an atomic number smaller than any of the constituent substances are employed. In addition, each constituent does not indicate even a very small amount of impurities as a contaminant, but indicates a material having an abundance sufficient to develop properties resulting from the substance.

ここでは、アパーチャ1をリン青銅製のものとし、被覆膜2をアルミニウム製としている。被覆膜2を形成するためには、溶射等の公知の被膜形成技術を採用することができる。被覆膜2の厚さは、厚すぎると皮膜の側面部からX線が抜けてしまい,遮蔽効果が損なわれるので,電子ビームの被覆膜2への進入長と同程度にすると良い。   Here, the aperture 1 is made of phosphor bronze, and the coating film 2 is made of aluminum. In order to form the coating film 2, a known film forming technique such as thermal spraying can be employed. If the thickness of the coating film 2 is too thick, X-rays are lost from the side surface of the film and the shielding effect is impaired. Therefore, it is preferable that the coating film 2 has the same length as the penetration length of the electron beam into the coating film 2.

あるいは、簡易にノイズ低減の効果を得るための構成を実現するために、図4に示すように、アパーチャ1の通過孔1aのビーム照射面側の周辺部にカーボンシート貼り付けても良い。カーボンシートは市販品で良く、例えば厚さ0.1mm程度のものが使用できる。カーボンシート(6C)の原子番号は、アパーチャの材質であるリン青銅(29Cu)に対して約1/5であるため、電子ビームがリン青銅のアパーチャに直接当たるのに対して、夾雑X線の発生量も約1/6に低減させることができる。 Or in order to implement | achieve the structure for acquiring the effect of noise reduction simply, as shown in FIG. 4, you may affix a carbon sheet on the peripheral part by the side of the beam irradiation surface of the passage hole 1a of the aperture 1. As shown in FIG. The carbon sheet may be a commercial product, and for example, a carbon sheet having a thickness of about 0.1 mm can be used. Atomic number of carbon sheet (6 C), since with respect to phosphor bronze (29 Cu) which is the material of the aperture is about 1/5, the electron beam with respect to directly striking the aperture of phosphor bronze, contaminating X The amount of lines generated can also be reduced to about 1/6.

また、通過孔1aの形状を、孔径が入射側から後方に向けて順次広がるようにテーパー状のものとすることにより、電子ビームが通過孔内面に当たる現象が低減させることができ、本発明による効果を一層得ることができるので望ましい。   In addition, by making the shape of the passage hole 1a tapered so that the hole diameter gradually spreads from the incident side toward the rear, the phenomenon that the electron beam hits the inner surface of the passage hole can be reduced, and the effect of the present invention is achieved. Can be obtained further, which is desirable.

なお、本発明の実施例においては被覆膜として構成したが、必ずしも膜状に限定する必要はなく、例えばアパーチャの一部を被覆膜と同じ主旨により選択される別材質から構成して組み合わせるようにしても良い。   In the embodiment of the present invention, it is configured as a coating film, but it is not necessarily limited to a film shape. For example, a part of the aperture is configured and combined with another material selected based on the same principle as the coating film. You may do it.

被覆膜を配設する場所も、図3、図4のものに限定するものではなく、他面にも形成されることを妨げるものではない。
The place where the coating film is disposed is not limited to that shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and does not prevent the coating film from being formed on the other surface.

X線発生装置の光学系概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram of the optical system of an X-ray generator. アパーチャから夾雑X線が発生する現象の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the phenomenon in which a contaminated X-ray generate | occur | produces from an aperture. 本発明に係るX線発生装置のアパーチャの構成説明図である。It is a block explanatory drawing of the aperture of the X-ray generator which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係るX線発生装置のアパーチャの構成説明図である。It is a block explanatory drawing of the aperture of the X-ray generator which concerns on this invention.

Claims (3)

エネルギービームを発生させるビーム源と、
このビーム源に対向配置され、ビーム源からのエネルギービームの衝突によりX線を発生させるターゲットと、
前記ビーム源とターゲットとの間に配置され、エネルギービームを絞るための通過孔が形成されたアパーチャとを備えたX線発生装置であって、
少なくとも前記アパーチャのエネルギービームが照射される面を、アパーチャの材質よりもX線を発生しにくい材質で構成したことを特徴とするX線発生装置。
A beam source for generating an energy beam;
A target disposed opposite to the beam source and generating X-rays by collision of an energy beam from the beam source;
An X-ray generator comprising an aperture disposed between the beam source and the target and having a passage hole for converging an energy beam,
An X-ray generator characterized in that at least the surface of the aperture irradiated with the energy beam is made of a material that is less likely to generate X-rays than the material of the aperture.
前記アパーチャの材質よりもX線を発生しにくい材質とは、アパーチャの材質の原子番号よりも小さい原子番号の材質である請求項1記載のX線発生装置。 2. The X-ray generator according to claim 1, wherein the material that is less likely to generate X-rays than the material of the aperture is a material having an atomic number smaller than the atomic number of the material of the aperture. 前記アパーチャの材質がリン青銅であって、前記アパーチャの材質よりもX線を発生しにくい材質をカーボン及び/又はアルミニウムとしたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のX線発生装置。 The X-ray generator according to claim 1, wherein the material of the aperture is phosphor bronze, and the material that is less likely to generate X-rays than the material of the aperture is carbon and / or aluminum.
JP2004380048A 2004-12-28 2004-12-28 X-ray generator Expired - Lifetime JP4389781B2 (en)

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JP4765354B2 (en) * 2005-03-17 2011-09-07 ソニー株式会社 X-ray tomographic imaging apparatus and X-ray tomographic imaging method
JP6652197B2 (en) * 2016-09-21 2020-02-19 株式会社島津製作所 X-ray tube
DE102016013747B4 (en) * 2016-11-18 2018-05-30 Yxlon International Gmbh Aperture for an X-ray tube and X-ray tube with such a diaphragm
DE102017120285B4 (en) * 2017-09-04 2021-07-01 Comet Ag Component or electron catch sleeve for an X-ray tube and X-ray tube with such a device
CN112543988A (en) * 2018-09-14 2021-03-23 康麦特有限公司 Assembly or electron capture sleeve for an X-ray tube and X-ray tube comprising such a device

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