JP4371093B2 - Reactor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a reaction apparatus that causes reaction of reactants, and more particularly to a reaction apparatus that generates hydrogen from liquid fuel.

  In recent years, development has been progressing in order to mount a fuel cell as a clean power source with high energy conversion efficiency in an automobile or a portable device. A fuel cell is a device that directly extracts electric energy from chemical energy by electrochemically reacting fuel and oxygen in the atmosphere.

  As a fuel used in a fuel cell, hydrogen alone can be mentioned, but there is a problem in handling due to being a gas at normal temperature and normal pressure. In contrast, in a reforming fuel cell that generates hydrogen by reforming a hydrocarbon-based liquid fuel having hydrogen atoms such as alcohols and gasoline, the fuel can be easily stored in a liquid state. In such a fuel cell, a vaporizer that vaporizes liquid fuel and water, a reformer that extracts hydrogen necessary for power generation by reacting the vaporized liquid fuel and high-temperature steam, and a by-product of the reforming reaction A reactor equipped with a reactor such as a carbon monoxide remover that removes carbon monoxide, which is a product, is required (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

In order to reduce the size of such a reforming fuel cell, development of a microreactor in which a vaporizer, a reformer, and a carbon monoxide remover are stacked (see, for example, Patent Document 2). In the configuration described in Patent Document 2, each of the vaporizer, the reformer, and the carbon monoxide remover is formed by joining a metal substrate having a groove serving as a flow path for fuel or the like. .
JP 2002-356310 A JP 2005-132712 A

  By the way, even if a reactor such as a reformer or a carbon monoxide remover is downsized, in order to sufficiently react the reactants flowing through the flow path, it is necessary to lengthen the flow path and increase the reaction time. By making the groove formed in the metal substrate meander, the flow path can be lengthened, but it is difficult to form the meandering groove, and the assembly is complicated.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to make a reactor having a simple shape and facilitate its assembly in a reactor equipped with a reactor capable of elongating a flow path.

In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a reaction apparatus including a reactor that causes reaction of a reactant, wherein the reaction apparatus is a reaction apparatus that generates hydrogen from liquid fuel, and The reactor includes: a box having a hollow; and a plurality of rectangular plate-like partitioning portions opposed to each other, and a partition plate having a triangular wave-like cross section, the partition plate being in the box The ridge line portion of the connection portion of each partition portion is in line contact with the inner surface of the box body, and at least one of the plurality of partition portions is bent, and the internal space of the box body The interior is partitioned by the partition plate to form a reaction channel through which a reactant flows.

  The invention described in claim 2 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the partition plate has a corrugated plate shape.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the reaction apparatus according to the first aspect, the interior space of the box is divided into a plurality of reaction chambers by the plurality of partition portions, and is adjacent to the partition portions. A connection port communicating between the reaction chambers is formed.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the reaction apparatus according to the third aspect, the box is opened at a lower surface, a box-shaped member that accommodates the partition plate in the opening, and a lid that closes the lower surface opening. And an inlet for introducing the reactant into the reaction chamber and an outlet for discharging the product generated in the reaction chamber are formed in the lid plate.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the reaction apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the reaction apparatus further covers the whole of the reactor, and the inside thereof is a vacuum container that is set to a vacuum pressure. It is characterized by providing.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a separate plate that is housed in the box and partitions the space in the box, and the partition plate is partitioned by the separate plate. The ridge line portion of the partition plate is in contact with the separate plate. The ridge line portion of the partition plate is in contact with the separate plate.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the reaction apparatus according to the fifth aspect, the interior space of the box is divided into a plurality of reaction chambers by the partition plate and the separate plate, and the separate plate has a vertical direction. And a connection port communicating between the reaction chambers adjacent to each other.

  The invention according to claim 8 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reaction apparatus is set to a first temperature and causes a reaction of a reactant, and the first temperature. A second reaction section that is set to a lower second temperature and causes a reaction of the reactant; and a connecting pipe that sends the reactant and product between the first reaction section and the second reaction section. , And at least one of the first reaction unit and the second reaction unit includes the reactor box.

  The invention according to claim 9 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the reaction apparatus further covers the first reaction part, the second reaction part, and the whole connecting pipe, It is provided with a heat insulating container which is set to a vacuum pressure.

  A tenth aspect of the present invention is the reaction apparatus according to the eighth aspect, wherein the first reaction product is supplied to the first reaction unit to generate a first product, and the second reaction product is supplied to the second reaction unit. The reaction unit is supplied with the first product to produce a second product, and the first reaction product is a gas mixture obtained by vaporizing water and a hydrocarbon-based liquid fuel. The first reaction unit is a reformer that causes a reforming reaction of the first reactant, the first product contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the second reaction unit includes: A carbon monoxide remover that removes carbon monoxide contained in the first product by selective oxidation.

  According to the present invention, the reactor in the reaction apparatus is accommodated by pushing a folded partition plate having a triangular wave cross section into the box and forming a reaction channel through which the reactant flows. The structure can be made simple to facilitate the assembly, and the airtightness in the reaction chamber can be enhanced without joining the partition plate to the inner surface of the box.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, although various technically preferable limitations for implementing the present invention are given to the embodiments described below, the scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments and illustrated examples.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the reactor 100 in the first embodiment of the reaction apparatus according to the present invention obliquely from above, and FIG. 2 is a two-side view of the reactor 100 in the present embodiment. 3 is an arrow end view of the plane along the cutting line III-III in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is an arrow end view of the plane along the cutting line IV-IV in FIG. 2A is a top view, and FIG. 2B is a side view.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the reactor 100 includes a cup-shaped box body 110 opened on one surface, a partition plate 120 accommodated in the box body 110, and a lower opening of the box body 110. And a lid plate 130 that is closed.

  The box 110, the partition plate 120, and the cover plate 130 may be made of a metal material such as stainless steel, may be made of a ceramic material, may be made of a glass material, or may be made of a resin material. .

  The box body 110 has a square or rectangular top plate 112 and a pair of side plates 114 connected in a state of being vertically connected to the top plate 112 at two opposite sides of the four sides of the top plate 112. 114 and a pair of side plates 116 and 116 connected in a state of being vertically connected to the top plate 112 at two opposite sides of the top plate 112. The side plate 114 is connected to the side plate 116 in a vertically continuous state, and is provided in a square frame shape or a rectangular frame shape by these four side plates 114, 114, 116, 116, and the top plate 112 is on the top. .

  The edge of the cover plate 130 is joined to the lower side of the side plates 114, 114, 116, 116 so that the cover plate 130 is parallel to the top plate 112. In this way, the lower surface opening of the box 110 is closed by the lid plate 130, thereby forming a sealed parallelepiped-shaped reaction vessel having a hollow.

  The partition plate 120 has a corrugated plate-like shape with a triangular wave shape. That is, the partition plate 120 is connected between the plurality of rectangular plate-shaped first partition portions 122, 122,... Facing each other and the upper side of the first partition portion 122 and the lower side of the first partition portion 122 adjacent thereto. The plurality of second partition portions 124, 124,. The connection part of the 1st partition part 122 and the 2nd partition part 124 becomes a ridgeline, and the partition plate 120 is folded in the ridgeline.

  The partition plate 120 is accommodated in the box body 110 so that the wave height direction of the partition plate 120 is parallel to both the side plate 114 and the side plate 116, and one folded ridge line of the partition plate 120 is connected to the top plate 112 of the box body 110. It is in contact. Further, the other folded ridge line of the partition plate 120 is brought into line contact with the cover plate 130, and the partition plate 120 is pushed in by the cover plate 130, thereby closing the opening of the box 110 with the cover plate 130. Thereby, the 1st partition part 122 and the 2nd partition part 124 are made into the state which bent.

  Since the partition plate 120 is accommodated in the box body 110, the hollow formed by the box body 110 and the lid plate 130 is partitioned into a plurality of reaction chambers 118, 118,.

  Thus, the partition plate 120 is pushed into the space between the box 110 and the lid plate 130. Since the first partition part 122 and the second partition part 124 are in a bent state, the folded ridge line of the partition plate 120 is changed to the top plate 112 and the repulsive force of the first partition part 122 and the second partition part 124. It is in a state of being in close contact with the lid plate 130. Further, both edges of the partition plate 120 having a wave shape are in contact with the side plates 116 and 116, respectively, and the partition portions 122 and 122 on both sides of the partition plate 120 are in surface contact with the side plates 114 and 114, respectively. As described above, the partition plate 120 abuts against and closely contacts the inner surfaces of the box body 110 and the lid plate 130, so that the airtightness of each reaction chamber 118 can be increased without being joined by welding or the like.

  Further, one folded ridge line of the partition plate 120 may be joined to the top plate 112 by welding or the like, and the other folded ridge line of the partition plate 120 may be joined to the lid plate 130 by welding or the like. Good. Further, both edges of the partition plate 120 having a wave shape may be joined to the side plates 116 and 116 by welding or the like, and the partition portions 122 and 122 on both sides of the partition plate 120 may be joined to the side plates 114 and 114 by welding or the like. You may make it join. Thus, by joining by welding etc., the airtightness of each reaction chamber 118 can further be improved, and the rigidity of the reactor 100 can be increased.

  Among the plurality of reaction chambers 118, 118,..., An introduction port 132 communicating with the reaction chamber 118 between the first partition 122 at one end and the second partition 124 connected to the first partition 122 is formed in the cover plate 130. A discharge port 134 communicating with the reaction chamber 118 between the second partition 124 connected to the first partition 122 at the end and the first partition 122 opposite to the first partition 122 is formed in the cover plate 130.

  Further, in each of the first partition parts 122 excluding the first partition parts 122 and 122 on both sides, for example, a rectangular connection port 126 is formed near one side plate 116. Further, each of the second partition portions 124 excluding the second partition portion 124 facing the reaction chamber 118 that leads to the discharge port 134 is formed with, for example, a rectangular connection port 128 near the other side plate 116. . Thereby, the reaction chamber 118 that leads to the introduction port 132 communicates with another adjacent reaction chamber 118 via the connection port 128 formed in the second partition portion 124, and the reaction chamber 118 that leads to the discharge port 134 serves as the first partition portion. The other reaction chamber 118 communicates with the two adjacent reaction chambers 118 through the connection port 126 and the connection port 128 through the connection port 126 formed in 122. By doing in this way, the hollow formed by the box body 110 and the cover plate 130 is provided in a flow path shape from the introduction port 132 to the discharge port 134, and the flow path is formed in a twisted shape.

  In this reactor 100, when the reactant is poured into the inlet 132 by a pump or the like, the reactant flows in the reaction chambers 118, 118,. As the reactants flow through the reaction chambers 118, 118,..., Products are produced from the reactants. And a product is discharged | emitted from the discharge port 134 outside. In each reaction chamber 118, reactants flow from one side plate 116 toward the other side plate 116 or vice versa.

  Here, “reaction from reactant to product” means not only “chemical reaction” but also “state change”.

  Depending on the use of the reactor 100, a heater (for example, a heating wire, a combustor, etc.) may be provided on the outer surface of at least one of the box 110 and the cover plate 130, and the catalyst is supported on the partition plate 120. Alternatively, the catalyst may be supported on the inner surface of at least one of the box 110 and the lid plate 130.

  For example, when the reactor 100 is used as a vaporizer, a heating wire or a combustor is provided on the outer surface of at least one of the box 110 and the lid plate 130. In this way, the liquid as a reactant is heated while flowing from the inlet 132 to the outlet 134, and the liquid is vaporized. Thereby, the gas as a product flows out from the discharge port 134.

  When the reactor 100 is used as a reformer, a heating wire or a combustor is provided on the outer surface of at least one of the box 110 and the cover plate 130, and a reforming catalyst (for example, Cu / ZnO-based catalyst, Pd / ZnO-based catalyst) are supported. In this way, while the fuel / water mixture (for example, the mixture of methanol and water) as the reactant flows from the introduction port 132 to the discharge port 134, hydrogen gas or the like is generated from the mixture by the reforming catalyst. Is generated. Thereby, the mixed gas containing hydrogen gas etc. flows out from the discharge port 134 as a product.

  When the reactor 100 is used as a carbon monoxide remover, a heating wire or a combustor is provided on the outer surface of at least one of the box 110 and the cover plate 130, and a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst is provided on the surface of the partition plate 120. (For example, platinum) is supported. In this way, the carbon monoxide gas is selected by the carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst while the gas mixture of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, and carbon monoxide gas as the reactant flows from the inlet 132 to the outlet 134. Oxidized. As a result, the gas from which the carbon monoxide gas has been removed flows out from the outlet 134 as a product.

  When the reactor 100 is used as a combustor, a combustion catalyst (for example, platinum) is supported on the surface of the partition plate 120. In this way, the hydrogen gas is combusted while the gas mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas as the reactant flows from the inlet 132 to the outlet 134. Thereby, water flows out from the discharge port 134 as a product.

  Next, the heat insulation structure for suppressing the heat loss of the reactor 100 will be described. FIG. 5 is a transparent side view of the reactor 100 in a state in which the heat insulation package 140 (heat insulation container) in the present embodiment is provided. The heat insulation package 140 is made of, for example, a metal material such as stainless steel or ceramic, and the box body 110 and the cover plate 130 are accommodated in the heat insulation package 140. In this case, the two pipe materials 142 and 144 are penetrated through the wall surface of the heat insulation package 140, the end of one pipe material 142 is connected to the introduction port 132 in the heat insulation package 140, and the end of the other pipe material 144 is connected to the discharge port 134. Connect to. Here, when the box body 110 and the lid plate 130 are supported by the two pipe members 142 and 144 and the box body 110 and the lid plate 130 are separated from the inner surface of the heat insulation package 140, the box body 110 and the lid plate 130 are thermally insulated. Direct heat conduction to the package 140 can be suppressed, and heat insulation is further improved. Furthermore, a vacuum heat insulating structure is formed by evacuating the inside of the heat insulating package 140 and setting the internal space to a vacuum pressure. Moreover, when the inside of the heat insulation package 140 is a vacuum pressure, it receives the stress of the direction which the reaction container by the box 110 and the cover board 130 expand | swells. However, when the partition plate 120 is joined to the box body 110 and the lid plate 130, the box body 110 and the lid plate 130 can be reinforced, thereby preventing the reaction vessel from being deformed by stress.

  In addition, although the inlet 132 and the outlet 134 are formed in the cover plate 130, at least one of the inlet and the outlet may be formed in the box body 110. When the introduction port is formed in the box 110, the introduction port 132 may or may not be provided in the lid plate 130. When a discharge port is formed in the box body 110, the cover plate 130 may or may not have the introduction port 132.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the partition plate 120 closes the box body 110 and the lid plate 130 by closing the opening of the box body 110 with the lid plate 130 in a state where the partition plate 120 is pushed by the lid plate 130. By contacting and closely contacting the inner surface, the airtightness of each reaction chamber 118 can be increased. Further, by joining the partition plate 120 to the inner surfaces of the box body 110 and the lid plate 130 by welding or the like, the reaction vessel by the box body 110 and the lid plate 130 is reinforced, and the rigidity of the reactor 100 can be increased. it can. Further, the space in the box 110 is partitioned into reaction chambers 118, 118,... By the partition plate 120, and the reaction chambers 118, 118,. The structure of the reactor 100 can be simplified and the assembly of the reactor 100 can be facilitated.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing the reactor 200 in the second embodiment of the reaction apparatus according to the present invention obliquely from above, and FIG. 7 is a two-side view of the reactor 200 in the present embodiment. 8 is an arrow end view of the plane along the cutting line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 is an arrow end view of the plane along the cutting line IX-IX in FIG. 7A is a top view, and FIG. 7B is a side view.

  The reactor 200 includes a box 210 opened on one surface, a separation plate 250 accommodated in the box 210 and partitioning the space in the box 210 into a space on the bottom side and a space on the opening side, A lid plate 230 that closes the opening of the body 110, a partition plate 220 that is housed in the bottom space of the two spaces partitioned by the separate plate 250, a partition plate 240 that is housed in the space on the opening side, Is provided.

  The box 210, the partition plate 220, the lid plate 230, the partition plate 240, and the lid plate 230 may be made of a metal material such as stainless steel, may be made of a ceramic material, or may be made of a glass material. It may be made of a resin material.

  Similar to the box body 110 in the first embodiment, the box body 210 includes a top plate 212, a pair of side plates 214, 214, and a pair of side plates 216, 216.

  The edge of the lid plate 230 is joined to the lower side of the side plates 214, 214, 216, 216 so that the lid plate 230 is parallel to the top plate 212, thereby constituting a sealed parallelepiped reaction vessel having a hollow. The separation plate 250 is accommodated in the box 210 so as to be parallel to the lid plate 230 and the top plate 212, and the entire edge of the separation plate 250 is in contact with the upper and lower abdomen portions of the side plates 214, 214, 216, 216, preferably It is joined.

  Similar to the partition plate 120 in the first embodiment, the partition plate 220 has a corrugated plate-like shape that is a triangular wave-like twist. That is, the partition plate 220 is obtained by alternately folding a strip-shaped plate, and a connection portion between the first partition portion 222 and the second partition portion 224 of the partition plate 220 is a folded ridgeline. Similarly to the partition plate 120 in the first embodiment, the partition plate 240 also has a corrugated plate shape that is triangular, and the connection location between the first partition portion 242 and the second partition portion 244 of the partition plate 240 is the same. It is a folded ridgeline.

  The partition plate 220 and the partition plate 240 have the same number of turns, and for example, the wavelength and wave height of the triangular wave are also the same.

  The partition plate 220 is accommodated in the space between the separate plate 250 and the top plate 212 so that the wave height direction of the partition plate 220 is parallel to both the side plate 214 and the side plate 216, and one folded ridge line of the partition plate 220 is placed in a box. The top plate 212 of the body 210 is in line contact. Further, the separate plate 250 is fitted to the middle part of the box body 210, the other folded ridge line of the partition plate 220 is brought into line contact with the separate plate 250, and the partition plate 220 is pushed in by the separate plate 250. Thereby, the 1st partition part 222 and the 2nd partition part 224 are made into the state which bent.

  In this way, the partition plate 220 is accommodated in the space between the top plate 212 and the separation plate 250 in the box 210, so that the space is partitioned into a plurality of reaction chambers 218, 218,. Has been.

  In this manner, the partition plate 220 is pushed into the space between the top plate 212 and the separate plate 250 in the box 210. Since the first partition part 222 and the second partition part 224 are in a bent state, the folded ridge line of the partition plate 220 is changed to the top plate 212 and the repulsive force of the first partition part 222 and the second partition part 224. It is in a state of being in close contact with the separation plate 250. Further, both edges of the partition plate 220 having a wave shape are in contact with the side plates 216 and 216, respectively, and the partition portions 222 and 222 on both sides of the partition plate 220 are in surface contact with the side plates 214 and 214, respectively.

  Further, the partition plate 240 is accommodated in a space between the separation plate 250 and the cover plate 230 so that the wave height direction of the partition plate 240 is parallel to the side plate 214 and the side plate 216, and one folded ridge line of the partition plate 240 is formed. The separator plate 250 is in line contact. Further, the other folded ridge line of the partition plate 240 is brought into line contact with the lid plate 230, and the partition plate 240 is pushed in by the lid plate 230, thereby closing the opening of the box body 210 by the lid plate 230. Thereby, the 1st partition part 222 and the 2nd partition part 224 are made into the state which bent.

  Since the partition plate 240 is accommodated in the space between the lid plate 230 and the separation plate 250 in the box 210, the space is partitioned into a plurality of reaction chambers 219, 219,. . The lower partition plate 240 overlaps the upper partition plate 220 with the separate plate 250 interposed therebetween, and the upper reaction chamber 218 is partitioned from the lower reaction chamber 219 by the separate plate 250.

  Thus, the partition plate 240 is pushed into the space between the separate plate 250 and the lid plate 230 in the box 210. Since the first partition part 222 and the second partition part 224 are in a bent state, the folded ridge line of the partition plate 240 is separated from the separation plate 250 and the repulsive force of the first partition part 222 and the second partition part 224. The cover plate 230 is in close contact with the lid plate 230. Further, both edges of the partition plate 240 having a wave shape are in contact with the side plates 216 and 216, respectively, and the partition portions 242 and 242 on both sides of the partition plate 240 are in surface contact with the side plates 214 and 214, respectively. As described above, the partition plates 220 and 240 are brought into contact with and closely contact the inner surfaces of the box body 210 and the lid plate 230 and the separate plate 250, whereby the airtightness of the reaction chambers 118 and 119 can be increased.

  Further, the folded ridge line of the partition plate 220 may be joined to the top plate 212 and the separate plate 250 by welding or the like, and both edges of the partition plate 220 having a wave shape are joined to the side plates 216 and 216 by welding. Alternatively, the partition portions 222 and 222 on both sides of the partition plate 220 may be joined to the side plates 214 and 214 by welding or the like. Further, the folded ridge line of the partition plate 240 may be joined to the separation plate 250 and the lid plate 230 by welding or the like, and both edges of the partition plate 240 having a wave shape are joined to the side plates 216 and 216 by welding. Alternatively, the partition portions 242 and 242 on both sides of the partition plate 240 may be joined to the side plates 214 and 214 by welding or the like. Thus, by joining by welding etc., the airtightness of each reaction chamber 118 and 119 can further be improved, and the rigidity of the reactor 200 can be increased.

  A first connection port 226 is formed in the first partition portion 222 of the partition plate 220, and adjacent reaction chambers 218 and 218 communicate with each other through the connection port 226. A first connection port 228 is formed in the second partition portion 224 of the partition plate 220, and adjacent reaction chambers 218 and 218 communicate with each other through the connection port 228. As for the partition plate 240, the second connection port 246 is formed in the first partition 242, the second connection port 248 is formed in the second partition 244, and the adjacent reaction chambers 219 and 219 are connected to the connection port 226 or the connection. It communicates through the mouth 228.

  A plurality of third connection ports 252, 252,... Are formed in the separation plate 250, and the reaction chambers 218 and 219 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction communicate with each other through the connection ports 252. The reaction chambers 218, 218,... And the reaction chambers 219, 219,... Form a predetermined series of twisted flow paths by the connection ports 226, 228, 246, 248, 252.

  An inlet 232 communicating with any one of the plurality of reaction chambers 219, 219,... Is formed in the lid plate 130, and an outlet 234 communicating with the other reaction chamber 219 is formed in the lid plate 230.

  In this reactor 200, when the reactant is poured into the inlet 232 by a pump or the like, the reactant flows through the reaction chambers 218, 218,... And the reaction chambers 219, 219,. When the reactant flows through the reaction chambers 218, 218,... And the reaction chambers 219, 219,..., A product is generated from the reactants. And a product is discharged | emitted from the discharge port 234 outside. In each reaction chamber 218, 219, the reactant flows from one side plate 216 to the other side plate 216.

  Also in this reactor 200, similarly to the reactor 100 of the first embodiment, a heater may be provided on at least one outer surface of the box body 210 and the cover plate 230 according to the use, or a partition plate. The catalyst may be supported on 220, 240, the catalyst may be supported on the inner surface of at least one of the box 210 and the lid plate 230, or the catalyst may be supported on the separate plate 250.

  Similarly to the case of the reactor 100, the heat loss of the reactor 200 can be suppressed by housing the box body 210 and the cover plate 230 in a heat insulating package (heat insulating container) whose inside is a vacuum pressure. Even in this case, stress is applied in the direction in which the reaction vessel is expanded by the box-shaped member 210 and the lid plate 230. However, also in this embodiment, the box-shaped member 210 and the bottom plate 230 are separated by the partition plates 220 and 240 and the separate plate 250. It is reinforced by joining, the rigidity of the reaction vessel of the reactor 200 is increased, and deformation from stress is prevented. Further, one of the two pipes penetrating the heat insulation package is connected to the inlet 232, the other is connected to the outlet 234, and the box 210 and the cover plate 230 are supported by the two pipes, As a state in which the box body 210 and the cover plate 230 are separated from the inner surface of the heat insulation package, direct heat conduction to the heat insulation package may be suppressed to improve heat insulation.

  In addition, although the inlet 232 and the outlet 234 are formed in the lid plate 230, at least one of the inlet and the outlet may be formed in the box 210. When an introduction port is formed in the box 210, the lid plate 230 may or may not have the introduction port 232. When a discharge port is formed in the box 210, the lid plate 230 may or may not have the introduction port 232.

  Further, although the single plate 250 is accommodated in the box 210, a plurality of separate plates parallel to the lid plate 230 and the top plate 212 are accommodated in the box 210, You may partition the space. In this case, among the plurality of spaces formed in the box body 210 by the plurality of separate plates, the partition plate is accommodated in the space closest to the top plate of the box body 210 in the same manner as the partition plate 220, and is the most cover plate. A partition plate is accommodated in a space near 230 in the same manner as the partition plate 240, and a partition plate is accommodated in a state sandwiched between the two separate plates in a space sandwiched between the two separate plates.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the space in the box body 210 is partitioned by the separate plate 250 in a state where the partition plate 220 is pushed by the separate plate 250, and the box body is pushed by the partition plate 240 by the lid plate 230. By closing the opening of 210, the partition plates 220 and 240 abut against and closely contact the inner surfaces of the box body 210 and the lid plate 230 and the separate plate 250, thereby increasing the airtightness of the reaction chambers 118 and 119. Can do. Further, by joining the partition plates 220 and 240 to the inner surfaces of the box body 210 and the lid plate 230 and the separate plate 250 by welding or the like, the reaction vessel by the box body 210 and the lid plate 230 is reinforced, and the reactor 200 The rigidity can be increased. Further, the space in the box 210 is partitioned into reaction chambers 218, 218,..., Reaction chambers 219, 219,... By partition plates 220, 240 and a separate plate 250, and the reaction chambers 218, 218,. Are connected to each other to form a twisted flow path, the structure of the reactor 200 can be simplified and the assembly of the reactor 200 can be facilitated.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 10 is a side view of a microreactor module 600 (reaction apparatus) in the third embodiment of the reaction apparatus according to the present invention. The microreactor module 600 is built in an electronic device such as a notebook personal computer, a PDA, an electronic notebook, a digital camera, a mobile phone, a wristwatch, a register, or a projector, and generates hydrogen gas used for a fuel cell.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the microreactor module 600 includes a supply / exhaust unit 602 that supplies reactants and discharges products, and a high-temperature reaction unit 604 that is set to a relatively high temperature and undergoes a reforming reaction. Between the high-temperature reaction unit 604 and the low-temperature reaction unit 606, the low-temperature reaction unit 606 (second reaction unit) in which the selective oxidation reaction is set to a temperature lower than the set temperature of the high-temperature reaction unit 604. And a connecting pipe 608 for feeding the reactants and products.

  FIG. 11 is a schematic side view when the microreactor module 600 according to the present embodiment is divided for each function. As shown in FIG. 11, the supply / exhaust unit 602 is mainly provided with a carburetor 610 and a first combustor 612. Air and gaseous fuel (for example, hydrogen gas, methanol gas, etc.) are supplied to the first combustor 612 separately or as an air-fuel mixture, and heat is generated by the catalytic combustion. The vaporizer 610 is supplied with water and liquid fuel (for example, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, butane, gasoline) from the fuel container separately or in a mixed state, and water and liquid are generated by the combustion heat in the first combustor 612. The fuel is vaporized in the vaporizer 610.

  The high temperature reaction section 604 is mainly provided with a second combustor 614 and a reformer 100B provided on the second combustor 614. Air and gaseous fuel (for example, hydrogen gas, methanol gas, etc.) are supplied to the second combustor 614 separately or as an air-fuel mixture, and heat is generated by the catalytic combustion. In the fuel cell, electricity is generated by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen gas, but the first combustor 612 and the second combustion are performed in a state where unreacted hydrogen gas contained in the off-gas discharged from the fuel cell is mixed with air. It may be supplied to the device 614. Of course, the liquid fuel (for example, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, butane, gasoline) stored in the fuel container is vaporized by another vaporizer, and the vaporized fuel / air mixture becomes the first combustor 612 and It may be supplied to the second combustor 614.

The reformer 100B is supplied with an air-fuel mixture (first reactant) obtained by vaporizing water and liquid fuel from the vaporizer 610, and the reformer 100B is heated by the second combustor 614. In the reformer 100B, hydrogen gas or the like (first product) is generated from the steam and the vaporized liquid fuel by a catalytic reaction, and a carbon monoxide gas is further generated in a small amount. When the fuel is methanol, chemical reactions such as the following formulas (1) and (2) occur. Note that the reaction in which hydrogen is generated is an endothermic reaction, and the combustion heat of the second combustor 614 is used.
CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O → 3H ₂ + CO ₂ (1)
2CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O → 5H ₂ + CO + CO ₂ (2)

  The low temperature reaction unit 606 is mainly provided with a carbon monoxide remover 200B. The carbon monoxide remover 200B is heated by the first combustor 612, and includes a gas mixture (second gas) containing hydrogen gas from the reformer 100B and a small amount of carbon monoxide gas generated by the chemical reaction of (2) above. In addition, air is further supplied. In the carbon monoxide remover 200B, carbon monoxide in the air-fuel mixture is selectively oxidized, thereby removing the carbon monoxide. An air-fuel mixture (second product: hydrogen gas) from which carbon monoxide has been removed is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell.

  A specific configuration of the microreactor module 600 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 12 to 14. 12 is an exploded perspective view of the microreactor module 600 in the present embodiment, FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along the line XIII-XIII in FIG. 10, and FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view in FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along line XIV-XIV.

  As shown in FIGS. 10, 12, and 13, the supply / discharge part 602 includes a liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 and a combustor plate provided so as to surround the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 at the upper end of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622. 624 and five pipe members 626, 628, 630, 632, and 634 arranged around the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622.

  The liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is made of, for example, a tubular metal material such as stainless steel, and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is filled with a liquid absorbing material 623. The liquid-absorbing material 623 absorbs liquid, and the liquid-absorbing material 623 is, for example, an inorganic fiber or organic fiber solidified with a binder, an inorganic powder sintered, or an inorganic powder solidified with a binder. , And a mixture of graphite and glassy carbon. Specifically, a felt material, a ceramic porous material, a fiber material, a carbon porous material, or the like is used as the liquid absorbing material 623.

  The pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, and 634 are made of a tubular metal material such as stainless steel.

  The combustor plate 624 is also made of a plate-like metal material such as stainless steel. A through hole is formed at the center of the combustor plate 624, and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is fitted into the through hole, and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 and the combustor plate 624 are joined. Here, the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is joined to the combustor plate 624 by brazing, for example. As the brazing agent, the melting point is higher than the highest temperature of the fluid flowing through the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 and the combustor plate 624, and silver, copper, zinc, cadmium is added to gold having a melting point of 700 degrees or more. Particularly preferred are gold waxes contained, waxes based on gold, silver, zinc and nickel, or waxes based on gold, palladium and silver. In addition, a partition wall is provided on one surface of the combustor plate 624 so as to protrude. A part of the partition wall is provided over the entire outer periphery of the combustor plate 624, the other part is provided over the radial direction, and the combustor plate 624 is joined to the lower surface of the low temperature reaction unit 606, A combustion channel 625 is formed on the joint surface, and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is surrounded by the combustion channel 625. A combustion catalyst for burning the combustion mixture is carried on the wall surface of the combustion channel 625. An example of the combustion catalyst is platinum. The liquid absorbing material 623 in the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is filled up to the position of the combustor plate 624.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, the high-temperature reaction unit 604, the low-temperature reaction unit 606, and the connecting pipe 608 use the laminated insulating plate 640 and base plate 642 as a common base. Therefore, the insulating plate 640 becomes a lower surface common to the high temperature reaction unit 604, the low temperature reaction unit 606, and the connection pipe 608, but the lower surface of the connection pipe 608 is flush with the lower surface of the high temperature reaction unit 604, Furthermore, it is flush with the lower surface of the low temperature reaction part 606.

  The base plate 642 includes a base portion 652 serving as a base for the low temperature reaction portion 606, a base portion 654 serving as a base for the high temperature reaction portion 604, and a connection base portion 656 serving as a base for the connection pipe 608. The base plate 642 is formed by integrally forming a base portion 652, a base portion 654, and a connection base portion 656, and is in a state of being constricted at the connection base portion 656. The base plate 642 is made of a plate-like metal material such as stainless steel.

  The insulating plate 640 includes a base portion 662 serving as a base for the low temperature reaction portion 606, a base portion 664 serving as a base for the high temperature reaction portion 604, and a connection base portion 666 serving as a base for the connection pipe 608. The insulating plate 640 is formed by integrally forming a base portion 662, a base portion 664, and a connection base portion 666, and is in a state of being constricted at the connection base portion 666. The insulating plate 640 is made of an electrical insulator such as ceramic.

  As shown in FIGS. 12 and 14, the through holes 671 to 678 penetrate the base portion 652 of the base plate 642 and the base portion 662 of the insulating plate 640 with the insulating plate 640 joined to the base plate 642. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, the base portion 662 of the insulating plate 640 becomes the lower surface of the low temperature reaction portion 606, and pipes 626, 628, 630, 632, 634 and a liquid fuel introduction pipe are formed on the lower surface of the low temperature reaction portion 606. 622 is joined by brazing or the like. Here, the tube material 626 communicates with the through hole 671, the tube material 628 communicates with the through hole 672, the tube material 630 communicates with the through hole 673, the tube material 632 communicates with the through hole 674, the tube material 634 communicates with the through hole 675, and liquid fuel An introduction pipe 622 communicates with the through hole 678. As shown in FIGS. 10, 12, and 14, the combustor plate 624 is joined to the lower surface of the low temperature reaction unit 606, but one end of the combustion flow path 625 of the combustor plate 624 is a through hole 676. And the other end of the combustion channel 625 communicates with the through hole 677.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the base plate 642 includes a reformed fuel supply channel 702, a communication channel 704, an air supply channel 706, a mixing chamber 708, a combustion fuel supply channel 710, and a combustion chamber 712. An exhaust gas channel 714, a combustion fuel supply channel 716, and an exhaust chamber 718 are formed.

  The reformed fuel supply channel 702 is formed so as to extend from the through hole 678 through the connection base portion 656 to the corner portion of the base portion 654. The mixing chamber 708 is formed in a square shape in the base portion 652. The communication channel 704 is formed so as to extend from the corner of the base portion 654 to the mixing chamber 708 through the connection base portion 656. The air supply channel 706 is formed so as to extend from the through hole 675 to the mixing chamber 708.

  The combustion chamber 712 is formed in a C shape at the center of the base portion 654. A combustion catalyst for burning the combustion mixture is carried on the wall surface of the combustion chamber 712.

  The combustion fuel supply channel 710 is formed so as to reach the combustion chamber 712 from the through hole 672 through the connection base portion 656. The exhaust gas flow channel 714 is formed so as to reach the through hole 673 from the through hole 677, and is formed so as to reach the through hole 673 from the combustion chamber 712 through the connection base portion 656. The combustion fuel supply channel 716 is formed so as to reach the through hole 676 from the through hole 674 in the base portion 652. The exhaust chamber 718 is formed in a rectangular shape in the base portion 652, and a through hole 671 communicates with a corner portion of the exhaust chamber 718.

  As shown in FIG. 10, a carbon monoxide remover 200 </ b> B is provided on the base portion 652. This carbon monoxide remover 200B is an application of the reactor 200 in the second embodiment, and the carbon monoxide remover 200B is provided in the same manner as the reactor 200 shown in FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part which mutually respond | corresponds between the carbon monoxide remover 200B and the reactor 200, and description of a part corresponding to each other is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, the cover plate 230 of the carbon monoxide remover 200 </ b> B is joined to the upper surface of the base portion 652. By the cover plate 230, a part of the reformed fuel supply channel 702, a part of the exhaust gas channel 714, a part of the combustion fuel supply channel 710, a part of the communication channel 704, and an air supply channel 706, the mixing chamber 708, the combustion fuel supply channel 716, and the exhaust chamber 718 are covered. The introduction port 232 formed in the cover plate 230 is positioned above the corner portion 709 of the mixing chamber 708, and the discharge port 234 formed in the cover plate 230 is positioned above the corner portion 719 of the exhaust chamber 718.

  In the carbon monoxide remover 200 </ b> B, a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst (for example, platinum) is supported on the inner surfaces of the box body 210 and the lid plate 230, the partition plate 220, the partition plate 240, and the separate plate 250.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 10, the reformer 100 </ b> B is provided on the base portion 654. The reformer 100B is an application of the reactor 100 in the first embodiment, and the reformer 100B is provided in the same manner as the reactor 100 shown in FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part which mutually respond | corresponds between the reformer 100B and the reactor 100, and description of a part corresponding to each other is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, the cover plate 130 of the reformer 100 </ b> B is joined to the upper surface of the base portion 654. By the cover plate 130, a part of the reformed fuel supply channel 702, a part of the exhaust gas channel 714, a part of the combustion fuel supply channel 710, a part of the communication channel 704, and the combustion chamber 712 Is covered. The inlet 132 formed in the cover plate 130 is positioned above the end 703 of the reformed fuel supply flow path 702, and the discharge port 134 formed in the cover plate 130 is positioned above the end 705 of the communication flow path 704. Is located.

  In the reformer 100B, a reforming catalyst (for example, a Cu / ZnO-based catalyst or a Pd / ZnO-based catalyst) is supported on the inner surface of the box body 110 and the lid plate 130 or the partition plate 120.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the cover plate 130 of the reformer 100B and the cover plate 230 of the carbon monoxide remover 200B are integrally formed in a state where they are connected by a connecting cover 680. A plate material 690 in which the lid plate 130, the lid plate 230, and the connection lid 680 are integrated is confined in the connection lid 680. The plate member 690 is joined to the base plate 642, but the connection lid 680 of the plate member 690 is joined to the connection base portion 656 of the base plate 642, thereby forming the connection pipe 608. In this connection pipe 608, a part of the reformed fuel supply flow path 702, a part of the exhaust gas flow path 714, a part of the combustion fuel supply flow path 710, and a part of the communication flow path 704 are connected to the connection lid. Covered by 680.

As shown in FIG. 10 and the like, the outer shape of the connection pipe 608 is a prismatic shape, the width of the connection pipe 608 is narrower than the width of the high temperature reaction part 604 and the low temperature reaction part 606, and the height of the connection pipe 608 is also high temperature reaction. It is lower than the height of the part 604 and the low temperature reaction part 606. The connecting pipe 608 is installed between the high temperature reaction part 604 and the low temperature reaction part 606. The connecting pipe 608 is connected to the high temperature reaction part 604 at the center in the width direction of the high temperature reaction part 604 and at low temperature. The reaction unit 606 is connected to the low temperature reaction unit 606 at the center in the width direction.
As described above, the connecting pipe 608 is provided with the reformed fuel supply channel 702, the communication channel 704, the combustion fuel supply channel 710, and the exhaust gas channel 714.

  Next, the path of the flow path provided inside the supply / discharge section 602, the high temperature reaction section 604, the low temperature reaction section 606, and the connecting pipe 608 will be described. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a path from the supply of a combustion mixture composed of gaseous fuel and air to the discharge of water, which is a product, in the microreactor module 600 of this embodiment. It is the figure in the micro reactor module 600 of this embodiment which showed the path | route after supplying liquid fuel and water until the hydrogen gas which is a product is discharged | emitted. Here, the correspondence between FIGS. 15, 16 and 11 will be described. The liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 corresponds to the carburetor 610, the combustion flow path 625 corresponds to the first combustor 612, and the combustion chamber 712 corresponds to the first. Corresponds to two combustors.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the lower surface of the low-temperature reaction unit 606, that is, the lower surface of the insulating plate 640 is patterned in a state where the heating wire 720 meanders, and these are passed from the low-temperature reaction unit 606 through the connecting pipe 608 to the high-temperature reaction unit 604. The heating wire 722 is patterned in a meandering state on the lower surface. A heating wire 724 is patterned from the lower surface of the low temperature reaction part 606 through the surface of the combustor plate 624 to the side surface of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622. Here, an insulating film such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide is formed on the side surface of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 and the surface of the combustor plate 624, and a heating wire 724 is formed on the surface of the insulating film. By patterning the heating wires 720, 722, 724 on the insulating film or insulating plate 640, the voltage to be applied is not applied to the base plate 642 made of metal material, the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the combustor plate 624, etc. The heat generation efficiency of the heating wires 720, 722, 724 can be improved.

  The heating wires 720, 722, and 724 are formed by laminating an insulating film or insulating plate 640, a diffusion prevention layer, and a heat generation layer in this order. The heat generating layer is a material having the lowest resistivity among the three layers (for example, Au). When a voltage is applied to the heating wires 720, 722, and 724, a current flows intensively and generates heat. The diffusion prevention layer is a material in which even if the heating wires 720, 722, and 724 generate heat, the material of the heat generation layer is not easily diffused into the diffusion prevention layer, and the material of the diffusion prevention layer is difficult to thermally diffuse into the heat generation layer. It is preferable to use a substance (for example, W) having a high target melting point and low reactivity. Further, when the diffusion preventing layer has low adhesion to the insulating film and is easily peeled off, an adhesion layer may be further provided between the insulating film and the diffusion preventing layer. And an insulating film or an insulating plate 640 are made of a material having excellent adhesion (for example, Ta, Mo, Ti, Cr). The heating wire 720 heats the low-temperature reaction unit 606 at startup, the heating wire 722 heats the high-temperature reaction unit 604 and the connecting pipe 608 at startup, and the heating wire 724 includes the vaporizer 610 and the first in the supply / discharge unit 602. The combustor 612 is heated. Thereafter, when the second combustor 614 is burned with off-gas containing hydrogen from the fuel cell, the heating wire 722 heats the high-temperature reaction unit 604 and the connecting pipe 608 as an auxiliary to the second combustor 612. Similarly, when the first combustor 612 is burned with off-gas containing hydrogen from the fuel cell, the heating wire 720 heats the low-temperature reaction unit 606 as an auxiliary to the first combustor 612.

  Further, the heating wires 720, 722, and 724 change in electrical resistance depending on the temperature, and also function as a temperature sensor that reads a change in temperature from a change in resistance value. Specifically, the temperature of the heating wires 720, 722, 724 is proportional to the electrical resistance.

  Any end portions of the heating wires 720, 722, 724 are located on the lower surface of the low temperature reaction portion 606, and these end portions are arranged so as to surround the combustor plate 624. Lead wires 731 and 732 are connected to both ends of the heating wire 720, lead wires 733 and 734 are connected to both ends of the heating wire 722, and lead wires 735 and 736 are connected to both ends of the heating wire 724, respectively. Is connected. In FIG. 10, the heating wires 720, 722, and 724 and the lead wires 731 to 736 are not shown in order to make the drawing easy to see.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, a getter material 728 may be provided on the surface of the connecting pipe 608. The getter material 728 is provided with a heater such as an electric heating material, and lead wires 737 and 738 are connected to the getter material 728, respectively. The getter material 728 is activated by being heated and has an adsorption action, such as a gas remaining in the internal space of the heat insulation package 791 described later, a gas leaked from the microreactor module 600 to the internal space of the heat insulation package 791, By adsorbing the gas that has entered the heat insulation package 791 from the outside, the degree of vacuum in the internal space of the heat insulation package 791 is deteriorated and the heat insulation effect is prevented from being lowered. Examples of the material of the getter material 728 include an alloy containing zirconium, barium, titanium, or vanadium as a main component. In FIG. 10, the lead wires 737 and 738 are not shown in order to make the drawing easy to see.

  Next, FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view of a heat insulation package 791 (heat insulation container) covering the microreactor module 600 of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 17, the heat insulation package 791 is configured to cover the entire microreactor module 600, and the high temperature reaction unit 604, the low temperature reaction unit 606, and the connecting pipe 608 are accommodated in the heat insulation package 791. The heat insulating package 791 includes a parallelepiped case 792 having an open bottom surface and a plate 793 that closes the bottom surface opening of the case 792, and the plate 793 is joined to the case 792. Both the case 792 and the plate 793 are made of a heat insulating material such as glass or a metal material. Further, a metal reflection film such as aluminum or gold may be formed on the inner surface. When such a metal reflective film is formed, heat loss due to radiation from the supply / discharge unit 602, the high temperature reaction unit 604, the low temperature reaction unit 606, and the connection pipe 608 can be suppressed.

  A plurality of through holes penetrate through the plate 793, and the pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, 634, the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, and the lead wires 731 to 738 are inserted into the respective through holes, and heat is insulated from the through holes. The pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, and 634, the liquid fuel introduction pipe and the lead wires 731 to 738, and the through holes of the plate 793 are made of, for example, a glass material or an insulating seal so that outside air and moisture do not enter the package 791. Bonded and sealed with a material. In addition, the internal space of the heat insulation package 791 is sealed and evacuated, and the internal space is vacuumed to form a vacuum heat insulation structure. As a result, heat of each part of the microreactor module 600 can be prevented from propagating to the outside, and heat loss can be reduced.

  The pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, 634 and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 are partially exposed to the outside of the heat insulating package 791. Therefore, inside the heat insulation package 791, the pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, 634 and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 are made to stand with respect to the plate 793 as columns, and the high temperature reaction unit 604, the low temperature reaction unit 606 and the connection are made. The pipe 608 is supported by the pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, 634 and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, and the high temperature reaction part 604, the low temperature reaction part 606 and the connection pipe 608 are separated from the inner surface of the heat insulation package 791.

  The liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is preferably connected to the lower surface of the low temperature reaction section 606 at the center of gravity of the high temperature reaction section 604, the low temperature reaction section 606, and the connection pipe 608 in plan view.

  Note that the getter material 728 is provided, for example, on the surface of the connection pipe 608, but the getter material 728 is not particularly limited as long as the getter material 728 is provided inside the heat insulating package 791.

Next, the operation of the microreactor module 600 will be described.
First, when a voltage is applied between the lead wires 737 and 738, the getter material 728 is heated by the heater, and the getter material 728 is activated. Thereby, the gas in the heat insulation package 791 is adsorbed by the getter material 728, the degree of vacuum in the heat insulation package 791 is increased, and the heat insulation efficiency is increased.

  Further, when a voltage is applied between the lead wires 731 and 732, the heating wire 720 generates heat and the low temperature reaction unit 606 is heated. When a voltage is applied between the lead wires 733 and 734, the heating wire 722 generates heat, and the high temperature reaction unit 604 is heated. When a voltage is applied between the lead wires 735 and 736, the heating wire 724 generates heat and the upper portion of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is heated. Since the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the high temperature reaction section 604, the low temperature reaction section 606, and the connection pipe 608 are made of a metal material, heat conduction among them is easy. Note that the current and voltage of the heating wires 720, 722, and 724 are measured by the control device, whereby the temperatures of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the high-temperature reaction unit 604, and the low-temperature reaction unit 606 are measured, and the measured temperatures are transferred to the control device. The voltage of the heating wires 720, 722, and 724 is controlled by the control device, and thereby the temperatures of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the high temperature reaction unit 604, and the low temperature reaction unit 606 are controlled.

  In a state where the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the high temperature reaction section 604, and the low temperature reaction section 606 are heated by the heating wires 720, 722, 724, the liquid fuel and water mixed liquid is continuously supplied to the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 by a pump or the like. When intermittently supplied, the liquid mixture is absorbed by the liquid absorbing material 623, and the liquid mixture permeates upward in the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 by capillary action. Then, the liquid mixture in the liquid absorbing material 623 is vaporized, and the mixture of fuel and water evaporates from the liquid absorbing material 623. Since the liquid mixture is vaporized in the liquid absorbing material 623, bumping can be suppressed and vaporization can be stably performed.

  The air-fuel mixture evaporated from the liquid absorbing material 623 flows into the reformer 100B through the through hole 678, the reformed fuel supply channel 702, and the inlet 132. Thereafter, when the air-fuel mixture flows in the reformer 100B, the air-fuel mixture is heated and undergoes a catalytic reaction to generate hydrogen gas or the like (when the fuel is methanol, the above chemical reaction formula) (See (1) and (2).)

  The air-fuel mixture (including hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, carbon monoxide gas, etc.) generated by the reformer 100B flows into the mixing chamber 708 through the outlet 134 and the communication channel 704. On the other hand, air is supplied to the pipe material 634 by a pump or the like, flows into the mixing chamber 708 through the through-hole 675 and the air supply flow path 706, and the air-fuel mixture such as hydrogen gas is mixed with air.

  Then, an air-fuel mixture containing air, hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, etc. flows from the mixing chamber 708 through the inlet 232 into the carbon monoxide remover 200B. When the air-fuel mixture flows in the carbon monoxide remover 200B, the carbon monoxide gas in the air-fuel mixture is selectively oxidized and the carbon monoxide gas is removed.

  Then, the air-fuel mixture from which carbon monoxide has been removed is supplied from the exhaust port 234 to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell via the exhaust chamber 718, the through hole 671, and the tube material 626. In the fuel cell, electricity is generated by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen gas, and off-gas containing unreacted hydrogen gas and the like is discharged from the fuel cell.

  The above operation is an initial operation, and the mixed liquid continues to be supplied to the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 during the subsequent power generation operation. Then, air is mixed with the off-gas discharged from the fuel cell, and the mixture (hereinafter referred to as combustion mixture) is supplied to the pipe 632 and the pipe 628. The combustion mixture supplied to the pipe 632 flows into the combustion channel 625 through the through hole 674, the combustion fuel supply channel 716, and the through hole 7676, and the combustion mixture is catalytically combusted in the combustion channel 625 and burns. Is emitted. Since the combustion channel 625 circulates around the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 below the low temperature reaction section 606, the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is heated by the combustion heat and the low temperature reaction section 606 is heated. Therefore, the electric power supplied to the heating wires 720 and 724 can be reduced, and the energy use efficiency is increased.

On the other hand, the combustion mixture supplied to the pipe 628 flows into the combustion chamber 712 through the through-hole 672 and the combustion fuel supply flow path 710, and the combustion mixture is catalytically combusted in the combustion chamber 712. As a result, combustion heat is generated, but the reformer 100B is heated by the combustion heat. Therefore, the power supplied to the heating wire 722 can be reduced, and the energy use efficiency is increased.
Note that the liquid fuel stored in the fuel container may be vaporized, and the vaporized fuel and air combustion mixture may be supplied to the pipe members 628 and 632.

  In the state where the mixed liquid is supplied to the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 and the combustion air-fuel mixture is supplied to the pipe materials 628 and 632, the control device measures the temperature based on the resistance values of the heating wires 720, 722 and 724. While controlling the applied voltage of the heating wires 720, 722, 724, the pump and the like are controlled. When the pump is controlled by the control device, the flow rate of the combustion air-fuel mixture supplied to the pipe materials 628 and 632 is controlled, whereby the amount of combustion heat of the combustors 612 and 614 is controlled. As described above, the control device controls the heating wires 720, 722, 724 and the pump, thereby controlling the temperatures of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, the high temperature reaction unit 604, and the low temperature reaction unit 606, respectively. Here, the high temperature reaction part 604 is 250 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably 300 ° C. to 380 ° C., and the low temperature reaction part 606 is lower than the high temperature reaction part 4, specifically 120 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably 140 ° C. Temperature control is performed so as to be ˜180 ° C.

  Next, a schematic configuration of the power generation unit 801 including the microreactor module 600 in the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing an example of a power generation unit 801 including the microreactor module 600 in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 18, the microreactor module 600 as described above can be used by being assembled in the power generation unit 801. The power generation unit 801 is housed in, for example, a frame 802, a fuel container 804 that can be attached to and detached from the frame 802, a flow rate control unit 806 having a flow path, a pump, a flow rate sensor, a valve, and the like, and a heat insulation package 791. The microreactor module 600 in a state, a power generation module 808 having a fuel cell, a humidifier that humidifies the fuel cell, a recovery unit that recovers a byproduct generated in the fuel cell, and the like, and the microreactor module 600 and the power generation module 808 include air ( An air pump 810 for supplying oxygen), and a power supply unit 812 having an external interface and the like for electrical connection with a secondary battery, a DC-DC converter and an external device driven by the output of the power generation unit 801. Composed. By supplying the mixture of water and liquid fuel in the fuel container 804 to the microreactor module 600 by the flow rate control unit 806, the hydrogen rich gas is generated as described above, and the hydrogen rich gas is supplied to the fuel cell of the power generation module 808. The generated electricity is stored in the secondary battery of the power supply unit 812.

  FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating an example of an electronic device 851 that uses the power generation unit 801 as a power source. As shown in FIG. 19, the electronic device 851 is a portable electronic device, for example, a notebook personal computer. The electronic device 851 includes a lower housing 854 having a built-in arithmetic processing circuit composed of a CPU, RAM, ROM, and other electronic components and having a keyboard 852, and an upper housing 858 having a liquid crystal display 856. Prepare. The lower casing 854 and the upper casing 858 are coupled by a hinge, and the upper casing 858 is overlapped with the lower casing 854 and can be folded with the liquid crystal display 856 facing the keyboard 852. Yes. A mounting portion 860 for mounting the power generation unit 801 is formed from the right side surface to the bottom surface of the lower housing 854. When the power generation unit 801 is mounted on the mounting portion 860, the electronic device 851 is operated by electricity of the power generation unit 801.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the partition plate 120 is accommodated in the box 110 while being pushed by the lid plate 130, and the space in the box 110 is partitioned into a plurality of reaction chambers by the partition plate 120. Since each reaction chamber communicates with each other to form a twisted flow path, the structure of the reformer 100B can be simplified and the assembly of the reformer 100B can be facilitated. . Similarly, the carbon monoxide remover 200B has a simple structure and can be easily assembled.

  Further, by joining the partition plate 120, the reaction vessel of the reformer 100B of the high temperature reaction unit 604 can be reinforced, and the rigidity thereof can be increased. The reaction vessel of the remover 200B can be reinforced to increase its rigidity.

  Further, the internal space of the heat insulation package 791 is a heat insulation space, the high temperature reaction part 604 is separated from the low temperature reaction part 606, and the distance from the high temperature reaction part 604 to the low temperature reaction part 606 is the length of the connecting pipe 608. ing. Accordingly, the heat transfer path from the high temperature reaction unit 604 to the low temperature reaction unit 606 is limited to the connection pipe 608, and heat transfer to the low temperature reaction unit 606 that does not require high temperature is limited. In particular, since the height and width of the connection pipe 608 are smaller than the height and width of the high temperature reaction part 604 and the low temperature reaction part 606, heat conduction through the connection pipe 608 is suppressed as much as possible. Therefore, the heat loss of the high temperature reaction part 604 can be suppressed, and the temperature increase of the low temperature reaction part 606 above the set temperature can be suppressed. That is, even when the high temperature reaction unit 604 and the low temperature reaction unit 606 are accommodated in one heat insulating package 791, a temperature difference can be generated between the high temperature reaction unit 604 and the low temperature reaction unit 606.

  In addition, since the flow paths 702, 704, 710, and 714 passing between the low temperature reaction unit 606 and the high temperature reaction unit 604 are combined into one connection pipe 608, stress generated in the connection pipe 608 and the like. Can be reduced. That is, since there is a temperature difference between the high temperature reaction unit 604 and the low temperature reaction unit 606, the high temperature reaction unit 604 expands more than the low temperature reaction unit 606, but the high temperature reaction unit 604 is connected to the connection pipe 608. Since the portion other than the portion is a free end, the stress generated in the connecting pipe 608 and the like can be suppressed. In particular, the connection pipe 608 is smaller in height and width than the high temperature reaction part 604 and the low temperature reaction part 606, and the connection pipe 608 further includes the high temperature reaction part 604 and the low temperature reaction at the center in the width direction of the high temperature reaction part 604 and the low temperature reaction part 606. Since it is connected to the part 606, it is possible to suppress the generation of stress in the connecting pipe 608, the high temperature reaction part 604, and the low temperature reaction part 606.

  The pipe materials 626, 628, 630, 632, 634 and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 extend to the outside of the heat insulation package 791, and these are all connected to the low temperature reaction part 606. Therefore, direct heat transfer from the high temperature reaction part 604 to the outside of the heat insulation package 791 can be suppressed, and heat loss of the high temperature reaction part 604 can be suppressed. Therefore, even when the high temperature reaction unit 604 and the low temperature reaction unit 606 are accommodated in one heat insulating package 791, a temperature difference can be generated between the high temperature reaction unit 604 and the low temperature reaction unit 606.

  Since the lower surface of the connecting pipe 608, the lower surface of the high temperature reaction unit 604, and the lower surface of the low temperature reaction unit 606 are flush with each other, the heating wire 722 can be patterned relatively easily and the disconnection of the heating wire 722 can be suppressed. Can do.

  Further, since the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is filled with the liquid absorbing material 623 and the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is used as the vaporizer 610, it is necessary to vaporize the mixed liquid while reducing the size and simplification of the microreactor module 600. Temperature state (state in which the upper portion of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 becomes 120 ° C.).

  The combustor plate 624 is provided around the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 at the upper end portion of the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622, and the liquid absorbing material 623 in the liquid fuel introduction pipe 622 is positioned at the height of the combustor plate 624. Therefore, the combustion heat in the first combustor 612 can be efficiently used for vaporization of the mixed liquid.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various improvements and design changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  For example, a single connection pipe 608 is installed between the low temperature reaction section 606 and the high temperature reaction section 604, but a plurality of connection pipes are installed between the low temperature reaction section 606 and the high temperature reaction section 604. May be.

It is a disassembled perspective view of the reactor in 1st Embodiment of the reaction apparatus concerning this invention. It is the upper side figure and side view of the reactor in this embodiment. It is an arrow end view of the surface along the cutting line III-III of FIG. FIG. 4 is an arrow end view of a surface along a cutting line IV-IV in FIG. 2. It is a permeation | transmission side view of the reactor of the state which provided the heat insulation package in this embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view of the reactor in 2nd Embodiment of the reaction apparatus concerning this invention. It is the upper side figure and side view of the micro reactor in this embodiment. It is an arrow end view of the surface along the cutting line VIII-VIII of FIG. FIG. 8 is an arrow end view of a surface along a cutting line IX-IX in FIG. 7. It is a side view of the micro reactor module in 3rd Embodiment of the reaction apparatus concerning this invention. It is a schematic side view at the time of dividing the micro reactor module in this embodiment for every function. It is a disassembled perspective view of the micro reactor module in this embodiment. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line XIII-XIII of FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing of the surface along the cutting line XIV-XIV of FIG. It is drawing which showed the path | route until the water etc. which are a product are discharged | emitted in the micro reactor module of this embodiment after a combustion mixture is supplied. It is drawing which showed the path | route after liquid fuel and water are supplied in the micro reactor module of this embodiment until hydrogen rich gas which is a product is discharged | emitted. It is a disassembled perspective view of the heat insulation package which covers the micro reactor module of this embodiment. It is a perspective view of a power generation unit provided with the micro reactor module in this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the electronic device which uses a power generation unit as a power supply.

Explanation of symbols

100, 200 Reactor 100B Reformer 200B Carbon monoxide remover 110, 210 Box 120, 220, 240 Partition plate 130, 230 Lid plate 250 Separate plate

Claims (10)

In a reactor equipped with a reactor that causes reaction of reactants,
The reactor is a reactor that generates hydrogen from liquid fuel,
The reactor is
A box having a hollow;
A partition plate having a plurality of rectangular plate-like partitions facing each other and having a triangular wave cross-section, and the partition plate is pushed into the box and accommodated, The ridge line portion of the connection location is in line contact with the inner surface of the box, and at least one of the plurality of partition portions is bent,
A reaction apparatus characterized in that the interior space of the box is partitioned by the partition plate to form a reaction channel through which a reactant flows.   The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the partition plate has a corrugated plate shape.   The interior space of the box is divided into a plurality of reaction chambers by the plurality of partition portions, and each partition portion is formed with a connection port that communicates between reaction chambers adjacent to each other. 2. The reaction apparatus according to 1.   The box has a box-shaped member that opens at a lower surface and accommodates the partition plate in the opening, and a lid plate that closes the lower surface opening, and the reactant is placed in the reaction chamber on the lid plate. The reaction apparatus according to claim 3, wherein an inlet for inflow and an outlet for discharging a product generated in the reaction chamber are formed.   The reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a heat-insulating container that covers the whole of the reactor and has a vacuum pressure inside.   The apparatus further comprises a separate plate that is housed in the box and partitions the space in the box, the partition plate is pushed into the space partitioned by the separate plate, and the ridge line portion of the partition plate is the separate. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reaction apparatus is in contact with a plate.     The interior space of the box is divided into a plurality of reaction chambers by the partition plate and the separation plate, and a connection port is formed in the separation plate to communicate between the reaction chambers adjacent to each other in the vertical direction. The reaction apparatus according to claim 5. The reactor is
A first reaction section set at a first temperature and causing a reaction of the reactants;
A second reaction part set to a second temperature lower than the first temperature and causing a reaction of the reactant;
A connecting pipe for sending reactants and products between the first reaction part and the second reaction part,
The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first reaction unit and the second reaction unit includes the reactor box.   The said reaction apparatus is further equipped with the heat insulation container which covers the whole said 1st reaction part, said 2nd reaction part, and the said connection pipe, and the inside is made into vacuum pressure. Reactor. The first reaction part is supplied with a first reactant to produce a first product, and the second reaction part is supplied with the first product to produce a second product. Produce things,
The first reactant is an air-fuel mixture in which water and hydrocarbon liquid fuel are vaporized, and the first reaction section is a reformer that causes a reforming reaction of the first reactant. The first product includes hydrogen and carbon monoxide;
9. The reaction apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the second reaction unit is a carbon monoxide remover that removes carbon monoxide contained in the first product by selective oxidation.

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