JP4101743B2 - Quantum cash system and quantum cash issuing device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a quantum cash system and a quantum cash issuing apparatus for verifying the validity of quantum cash for quantum cash having security against forgery based on the quantum duplication prohibition theorem.

Quantum cash devised by Wiesner in 1969 is known. The term “quantum cash” here refers to data obtained by recording verification data as a quantum state in the serial number and face value information.
The quantum state cannot be replicated unless there is original data, and the security against replication is guaranteed. This is generally called the quantum duplication prohibition theorem.

  On the other hand, the quantum state has the same quantum state, and it can be verified that the quantum state is correct by comparing and matching the two by a predetermined method. Note that when different quantum states are compared with each other, they are inconsistent with a certain probability, and by using a large number of quantum states for verification, it can be guaranteed that the two quantum states are different. Further, since the quantum state can be generated from the verification data, the quantum cash can be verified even if the verification data is provided. (Patent Document 1 describes an example of quantum state verification).

As an example of the quantum state, one using a polarization state of a single photon as a basis is well known.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-7798

  When considering the usage form of quantum cash, it is desirable to enable verification at any store different from the store that issued quantum cash, such as a bank. In other words, it is desirable to perform verification on behalf of a proxy so that settlement can be performed from the proxy to the issuer.

  However, in order to verify, as described above, the verification data or the quantum state generated from the verification data is necessary, and when either of these is distributed, the quantum cash is copied at the distribution destination. It will be possible, and various fraudulent acts will become possible. For example, even if there is no fraudulent fake that the copied one is quantum cash presented by the user, or there is no duplicate function, the user is presented with a quantum state for verification on one side with another store The fraudulent fraud can be done with quantum cash, and the issuer cannot reveal these frauds. Actually, not all verification functions are operated with sufficient reliability, so there is currently no effective mechanism for proxying verification.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a quantum cash system that secures safety while separating a quantum cash issuing function and a verification function.

The present invention comprises a quantum cash issuing device that issues quantum cash, and a plurality of quantum cash verification devices that verify the quantum cash and are assigned with uniquely identifiable identifiers. A quantum cash system that enables distribution, wherein the quantum cash issuing device generates a quantum state from the original data to be concealed, a first generation means for generating quantum cash that holds the quantum state, and the original data Quantum verification that generates a plurality of different quantum states based on a plurality of transformation data that are assigned to each of the identifiers and that are different from each other, and holds each quantum state so that the association with each identifier is known A verification list that associates each of the second generation means for generating a plurality of pieces of information, each identifier, and each inverse transformation data for canceling the transformation using each transformation data; A third generation unit configured to output the quantum cash generated by the first generation unit and a verification list generated by the third generation unit to the flow path as a set; and the second generation Verification information supply means for supplying each verification information generated by the means to each quantum cash verification device indicated by each identifier, each quantum cash verification device, the quantum cash verification device in the verification list Based on the reverse conversion data and the quantum verification information included in the quantum cash verification apparatus, a verification unit that verifies the validity of the quantum cash is provided so that the quantum cash can be distributed.

  In addition, the present invention issues a quantum cash including a quantum state to a user, and issues verification information for evaluating the validity of the quantum cash to a number of verification devices that verify the quantum cash. A first generation means for generating a quantum state from the original data to be concealed and generating quantum cash holding the quantum state; and a plurality of different ones assigned to the original data and the identifier, respectively. Second generation means for generating a plurality of different quantum states based on the transformed data, and generating a plurality of quantum verification information holding each quantum state so that the association with each identifier can be understood, and Third generation means for generating a verification list in which an identifier and each inversely converted data for canceling the conversion using each of the converted data are associated with each other; and the quantum generated by the first generating means Quantum cash supply means for outputting the cash and the verification list generated by the third generation means as a set to the flow path, and each verification information generated by the second generation means, each quantum cash indicated by each identifier Verification information supply means for supplying to the verification device is provided.

  According to the present invention, even if a plurality of quantum cash verification devices separated from the quantum cash issuing device are provided, the quantum cash verification devices can be verified while avoiding dangers such as duplication and forgery.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

Quantum state is a state that considers the wave nature of elementary particles such as electrons and photons.
This is a superposition of a plurality of basic states, and only a part of the state information can be obtained by measurement, the state changes by measurement, and the measured value is not uniquely determined. Due to these properties, the quantum state has a feature that it is impossible to make a copy of an unknown quantum state without design information of the quantum state while keeping the original state.

Quantum cash is a value that itself has value, such as a check, a security, a banknote, and the like, and includes a quantum state that indicates that this quantum cash is correct. Note that value does not necessarily have to be money,
The quantum verification information includes a quantum state for verifying the authenticity of quantum cash as information for verification.

  The validity of the quantum state can be verified only by checking whether or not the quantum state to be verified completely matches the verification quantum state. In other words, it can be determined that the two quantum states are valid.

1 and 2 show the whole quantum cash distribution system of the present embodiment. The quantum cash system of the present embodiment can be broadly divided into a quantum cash issuing function, a quantum cash replacement function, and a quantum cash clearing function. FIG. 1 shows the quantum cash issuing function. 2 shows a quantum cash replacement function and a quantum cash settlement function. Reimbursement refers to receiving quantum cash instead of quantum cash issuer and supplying value as compensation, and liquidation means that the quantum cash issuer provides value and Say to collect.

  This system includes a quantum cash issuing device 1 and n quantum cash verification devices 2-1 to 2-n (n is an integer of 2 or more). The quantum cash issuing device 1 issues various information (verification list, quantum verification information (1) to (n)) related to issuance of quantum cash to a user and verification thereof, and settlement of the issued quantum cash (quantum Verification information (i), quantum cash) is performed. On the other hand, the quantum cash verifying devices 2-1 to 2-n are for performing a change in place of the quantum cash issuing device 1. An identifier (for example, a device unique number, a device name, etc.) that can be uniquely identified is assigned in advance to each of the quantum cash verification devices 2-1 to 2-n.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing functional blocks inside the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1.

  The quantum cash issuing device 1 is for generating a quantum state, and is secretly managed original data, each identifier assigned to each of the quantum cash verification devices 2-1 to 2 -n, A storage unit 11 is provided for storing each conversion data associated with each identifier and each inverse conversion data corresponding to each conversion data. In addition, it replaces with the memory | storage part 11, and you may make it input these data from the administrator of the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1 each time, but especially original data are utilized not only at the time of issuance of quantum cash but also at the time of collection | recovery. Therefore, it is important to keep it secret in some way without becoming unknown. Here, the conversion data and the inverse conversion data are parameters given to a predetermined reversible conversion method (a reversible conversion method is generally called a unitary conversion), and a certain data is converted into a predetermined unitary conversion. The conversion information is obtained by converting the conversion information to the unitary conversion by applying the inverse conversion data, and the certain data can be obtained. That is, the action of the inverse transformation data is data that can cancel the action of the transformation data for a predetermined unitary transformation.

  The quantum cash generator 12 generates a quantum state from the original data, and generates quantum cash that holds this quantum state.

  The quantum verification information generation unit 13 generates a quantum state from the original data, causes each conversion data to act on a predetermined unitary transformation, and generates quantum verification information that holds each obtained quantum state individually. Here, for convenience, the quantum cash generation unit 12 and the verification information generation unit 13 are configured separately, but it is needless to say that they may be configured by the same device. In this case, in order to generate quantum cash, it is only necessary to give the conversion data 0 to the unitary conversion, that is, not to convert it.

  The verification list generation unit 14 generates a verification list in which each identifier is associated with each inverse transformation data.

  The quantum cash issuing device 1 issues a set of quantum cash and a verification list to the user. This issuance is made only once for one quantum cash. Moreover, the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1 supplies the quantum verification information corresponding to each identifier to each quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 ... 2-n. That is, each quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 ... 2-n is provided with the quantum verification information peculiar to each quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 ... 2-n mutually different with respect to this quantum cash. It will be.

After the issued quantum cash is used by the user, the quantum cash clearing unit 15 acts on behalf of the user from the quantum cash verification device 2-i (i is any one of 1 to n) using the quantum cash. In order to settle the paid value, the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-i verifies whether or not the user has properly acted for the user and performs settlement.

  A user who receives quantum cash from the quantum cash issuing device having such a configuration selects one of the n quantum cash verification devices 2-1 to 2-n when converting the quantum cash, and a verification list. One reverse conversion data corresponding to the selected quantum cash verification apparatus 2-i is selected from the above and supplied to the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 together with the quantum cash.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one internal functional block of the quantum cash verification apparatuses 2-1 to 2-n. Hereinafter, in order to simplify the description, the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-i will be described.

  The verification information supply unit 21 uses the quantum verification information supplied from the quantum cash issuing device 1 for the quantum cash verification device 2-i for the quantum cash verification device 2-i supplied from the user to a predetermined unitary conversion. The inverse transformation data is applied, and the obtained quantum state is supplied to the quantum state verification unit 22.

  The quantum state verification unit 22 verifies the match / mismatch between the quantum state of the quantum cash supplied from the user and the quantum state from the verification information supply unit 21. The quantum state verification unit 22 receives the quantum cash and reverse conversion data corresponding to the identifier of the quantum cash verification unit 21 from the verification list from the user who owns the quantum cash (it is unknown whether or not it has a valid quantum cash). Is given to the quantum verification information owned by the verification information supply unit 21, the quantum state obtained by applying the inverse transformation data given by the user is obtained, and the quantum state is obtained from the quantum cash given by the user. And confirm whether these given quantum states match. If they match, it can be determined that the quantum cash is valid, and if it does not match, it can be determined that the quantum cash is invalid. In addition, when the verification of the quantum state is performed, if the verification results match, the original quantum state is obtained (same two quantum states), respectively, but if they do not match, the original quantum state is obtained. It is known that it cannot be done.

  When the quantum cash verification device 2-i can verify that the user's quantum cash is valid, the user is provided with the consideration set in the quantum cash in exchange for the quantum cash provided by the user. . This consideration may be printed in a specific amount on the quantum cash, or the value of the quantum cash is transmitted from the quantum cash issuing device 1 to the user and each of the quantum cash verification devices 2-1 to 2-n. It may be based on the value recognized in common.

  After the replacement process between the user and the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-i is completed, the settlement process is performed between the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-i and the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1 at an appropriate timing. In the process of liquidation, instead of the quantum cash issuing device 1 that should originally pay the consideration for the quantum cash, the quantum cash verification device 2-i pays the value on behalf of the quantum cash issuing device 1; It refers to paying to the quantum cash verification device 2-i and verifying whether the quantum cash verification device 2-i is fraudulent at that time.

  The quantum cash verification apparatus 2-i requests the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1 for a settlement process based on the set of two quantum states obtained as a result of the verification.

  When the quantum cash issuing device 1 verifies the validity in the quantum cash clearing unit 15 described above and determines that the quantum cash is valid, the quantum cash issuing device 1 considers that the consideration set for the quantum cash is provided to the user, Providing value that had been replaced.

For example, taking a bank as an example, the quantum cash is a deposit certificate, the quantum cash issuing device is the bank that issued the certificate, and the quantum cash verification device is the bank that is issuing the certificate. It is easy to understand that each branch and user is a depositor. According to such an embodiment, the quantum cash can be exchanged even by a bank other than the bank where the user has deposited while concealing the conversion data in the quantum cash verification apparatus.

  In the above embodiment, the quantum cash issuance process and the clearing process are performed in the same apparatus, but it is needless to say that the processes may be performed in separate apparatuses. The important point is that there is only one issue process and clearing process, but there are multiple replacement processes.

  According to the present embodiment as described above, a plurality of quantum cash verification devices 2-1 to 2 can be used to verify quantum cash from a user while maintaining safety as viewed from the quantum cash issuing device 1. -N can be performed. Therefore, it has become possible to provide an easy-to-use system for users who are owners of quantum cash.

  Next, as a specific example of this embodiment, an implementation example of each part of this embodiment in the case where the polarization direction of a single photon is used as a quantum state will be described.

  A single photon can be generated by sufficiently weakening the intensity of the laser beam with an attenuator, and the polarization direction of this single photon depends on the degree of applied voltage when passing through the polarizer using an electro-optic effect element. It is known that switching can be arbitrarily controlled.

  In this example, two bases are used: a pair of linearly polarized light whose polarization directions are horizontal (0 °) and vertical (90 °), and a pair of linearly polarized light whose polarization directions are 45 ° and −45 °. To do. Here, the former is called a plus basis and the latter is called a cross basis. In the plus base, the polarization direction is assigned 0 ° as the logical value 0 and 90 ° is assigned as the logical value 1, and in the cross base, the polarization direction is assigned as −45 ° as the logical value 0 and 45 ° as the logical value 1. Since the plus base and the cross base are in a conjugate relationship and can take a logical value of 0 and a logical value of 1, respectively, four quantum states can be shown for a single photon. This relationship is shown as a table in FIG.

  In addition, in order to maintain the quantum state generated in the polarization direction of the photon in this way, for example, the single photon is incident on the rare earth ion (Pr3 +) dispersed in the oxide crystal (Y2SiO5), so that it enters the solid. A technique called EIT (Electromagnetically Induced Transparency) for recording the polarization direction of a photon is known, and EIT is also used in this specific example. The EIT is described in [Kazuichi Ichimura, “Solid-state device quantum computer using frequency space”, Toshiba Review Vol.57, No.9, (2002)]. Hereinafter, a solid that maintains a quantum state by EIT will be referred to as an EIT solid.

  The original data is composed of a set of a random bit string having a sufficient length and a random base string corresponding to each bit of the bit string. FIG. 6 shows an example of generation of original data.

  The two random number generators 31 and 32 have no correlation with respect to random number generation. The random number generation device 31 generates a random number of 0/1 having a predetermined length, and uses this as a bit string of the original data. On the other hand, the random number generation device 32 generates a 0/1 random number having the same length as described above. The generated random number of 0/1 is assigned as 0 (+ base) and 1 (x) by the base assignment unit 33. A predetermined length + and x of the assigned result are set as base sequences. A set of the bit string and the base string generated as described above is used as original data.

This original data is stored in the storage device 11 in association with a serial number and a face value given to the original data in order to distinguish it from other original data, and is managed secretly. The serial number and face value may be stored in association with each other when quantum cash is issued to the user.

  Next, the quantum cash generator 12 of this example is shown in FIG. The quantum cash generation unit 12 includes a quantum state generation unit 41 and an EIT unit 42. The quantum state generation unit 41 generates a quantum state of quantum cash, and its internal configuration is shown in FIG. The quantum state generation unit 41 is controlled by a laser beam unit 43 that emits a laser beam, an attenuator 44 that attenuates the laser beam, and a photon from the attenuator 44 based on a bit string and a base string of input original data, And a polarizer 45 that outputs a photon having any one of the four states described above. The quantum state of the photon output from the deflector 45 is held in an EIT solid by the EIT unit 42.

  Each of the conversion data is a conversion parameter given to a predetermined unitary conversion, and is assigned as a different value to each of the quantum cash verification units 2-1 to 2 -n. On the other hand, each of the inverse transformation data is a parameter for canceling the transformation, that is, the inverse transformation of the transformation parameter as the transformation data described above as the transformation parameter to be given to the predetermined unitary transformation. The unitary conversion in this specific example assumes angle conversion. Each conversion parameter and each inverse conversion parameter are stored in association with an identifier that can be uniquely identified. These identifiers are identifiers for identifying each of the quantum cash verification apparatuses 2-1 to 2-n (an example of a relationship between an identifier, conversion data, and inverse conversion data ... Fig. 9).

  Next, the configuration of the quantum verification information generation unit 13 will be described with reference to FIG. The quantum verification information generation unit 13 is for generating different quantum verification information for verification to the quantum cash verification devices 2-1 to 2-n. A unit 52 and an EIT unit 53 are provided. The quantum state generation unit 51 has the same configuration as the quantum state generation unit 41, and the EIT unit 53 has the same configuration as the EIT unit 42. The unitary conversion unit 52 sequentially operates (here, angle conversion) the photon states output from the quantum state generation unit 41 based on sequentially applied conversion data, and sequentially converts the photon states obtained by the EIT unit 53. Hold each in a separate EIT solid.

  As a method for realizing the unitary conversion to the photon state, for example, it can be realized by using a half beam splitter. The half beam splitter is described in detail in “MA Nielsen and I. Chuang,“ Quantum Computation and QuantumInformation ”, Cambridge Univ., 2000, Chap. 7.4.2 (pp290-296).” Omitted. As described above, the quantum verification information generation unit 13 can generate each EIT solid that holds a different quantum state for verification for each of the quantum cash verification apparatuses 2-1 to 2-n.

  The verification list generation unit 14 generates a list of each inverse transformation data and each identifier stored in association with each other.

  The serial number and face value corresponding to the original data stored in the storage unit 11, the EIT solid generated by the quantum cash generation unit 12 based on the original data, and the verification list generated by the verification list generation unit 14 For example, it is issued in a form as shown in FIG. FIG. 11 can be configured in the shape of an IC card, for example, the serial number and face value are printed on the surface, the verification list is stored in, for example, an EEPROM, and the EIT solid is attached to be embedded It is assumed, but not limited to this. This issue is issued only once for one quantum state (EIT solid). Here, the card issued in this way is called a quantum cash card.

On the other hand, each EIT solid generated by the quantum verification information generation unit 13 is distributed to the quantum cash verification apparatuses 2-1 to 2-n corresponding to the respective identifiers. This distribution is a distribution of things, and may be distributed by mail, for example.

  Next, the quantum cash verification apparatuses 2-1 to 2-n will be described. Since any quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 ... 2-n is the same structure, here, the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 is shown in FIG. 12, and is demonstrated.

  The quantum cash is verified by verifying the quantum state. Specifically, a base sequence in the polarization direction and a random bit sequence embedded thereby are prepared, and a photon obtained by restoring the EIT solid of quantum cash is measured with the polarization base to confirm whether it matches the embedded bit sequence. . When the quantum state is valid, it always matches, but when the quantum state is different, it does not agree with a certain probability. For example, focusing on single photons, if the bit held by the quantum cash issue verification device 2-1 is polarized at 0 °, the probability that the measured values match is 100% when the polarization of the quantum cash is 0 °, − It is 50% at 45 ° and 45 °, and 0% at 90 °. In other words, focusing on single photons and randomly selecting the value and base of 1 bit of quantum information in quantum cash, it is erroneously determined as “correct” even though the quantum information (polarization direction) is different. The probability of doing is 1/4.

  The quantum cash verification device 2-1 has a lot of distributed verification EIT solids associated with the serial number at the time of issuance of quantum cash from the quantum cash issuing device 1, and the user receives quantum When the cash card is presented, one of the EIT solids is specified by the serial number printed on the surface.

  The quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 includes quantum state restoration units 61 and 62, a unitary conversion unit 63, and a verification quantum gate 64.

  The quantum state restoration unit 61 restores the photon state from the EIT solid specified from the serial number. On the other hand, the quantum state restoration unit 62 restores the photon state from the EIT solid attached to the quantum cash card. The photon state restored by the quantum state restoration unit 61 is input to the unitary conversion unit 63, and unitary conversion is performed based on the inverse conversion data corresponding to the identifier of the quantum cash verification device 2-1 stored in the quantum cash card. To generate a photon state.

  The photon state from the unitary conversion unit 63 and the photon state from the quantum state restoration unit 62 are incident on the verification quantum gate 64 to determine whether or not the polarization directions match, and whether or not they match. Validate.

  The verification quantum gate 64 can be realized by a combination of a Hadamard gate and a swap gate, as described in “H. Buhrman, R. Cleve, J. Watrous, and R. de Wolf, Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, 167902 (2003). The Hadamard gate and the swap gate can be configured by only a linear optical element if there is a single photon source and a single photon detector, "E. Knill, L. Laflamme, and GJ Milburn, Nature 409, 46 (2001) ”, and the description is omitted here.

  The respective quantum states from the verification quantum gate 64 are the photon state from the unitary conversion unit 63 and the photon state from the quantum state restoration unit 62, which are held in an EIT solid by the EIT units 65 and 66, Store as a set in association with the number and face value. If the two are completely matched by the verification quantum gate 64, the quantum cash verification device 2-1 side guarantees the validity of the quantum cash card and pays the user the value printed on the quantum cash card. In addition, although the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 can know the coincidence / mismatch of two quantum states, it cannot know the quantum state itself. This property ensures the impossibility of counterfeiting quantum cash.

  The quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 performs the process of the quantum cash settlement to the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1 after payment. This settlement process may be realized mainly in one of the following two ways.

  First, the first method is a method in which the stored serial number, face value, and two EIT solid pairs are brought to the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1 side and verified.

  The functional block of the settlement unit 15 of the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1 at this time is shown in FIG.

  From the serial number, the original data consisting of the base sequence and the bit sequence stored in the storage unit 11 of the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1 is specified, and the base sequence and the original data are supplied to the quantum state generation unit 71 to generate the quantum state. Thereby, the completely same quantum state produced | generated at the time of issuance of quantum cash is produced | generated. On the other hand, one of the two EIT solids is restored by the quantum state restoration unit 72 to generate a quantum state. These quantum states are verified by a verification quantum gate 73 having the same configuration as that of the verification quantum gate 64 to check whether there is a match. Similarly, the other EIT solid is verified. When it is determined that they are the same, the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 determines that the quantum cash replacement process has been appropriately performed, and the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1 moves to the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1. Pay the reimbursed value. This completes the checkout process.

  Next, the second method of the settlement process will be described. The second method is to convert the stored serial number, face value, and two EIT solids into electronic information on the quantum cash verification device 2-1, and then verify with the quantum cash issuing device 1. It is a method to do.

  FIG. 14 shows the function of electronic information conversion provided on the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 side at this time.

  The quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 takes out a set of EIT solids to be settled, takes out two photon states at the quantum state restoration units 81 and 82, and measures a photon state at the + base on one side + a base measuring device 83 In the other hand, the polarization is measured, and on the other hand, the polarization is measured by the x-base measuring device 84 that measures the photon state on the x-base, and all the measurement results are transmitted to the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1 by a transmitter not shown.

  The quantum cash issuing device 1 inputs all the received measurement results and the base sequence and bit sequence of the original data held in the storage device 1 to the verification unit 85, and determines the validity of the measurement results. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15, one of the measurement results measured on the + basis or the measurement result measured on the x basis is selected in the base sequence bit by bit, and the value of the selected measurement result is selected. It is compared whether or not it matches with the corresponding bit value of the bit string. Note that the base measurement bit value that is not selected is not used for the determination. This is performed for all measurement results, and if all match, it is determined to be valid, and if even one bit does not match, it is determined not to be valid. The probability that an incorrect photon with a different polarization direction is erroneously verified to be correct is 1/4 per single photon, and the probability of erroneous determination by sufficiently increasing the number of photons is a given value. It is possible to suppress. In addition, the quantum duplication prohibition theorem can guarantee that counterfeiting of quantum cash is impossible.

  In the verification method described above, a quantum state once held in an EIT solid is used. However, each quantum state from the verification quantum gate 64 is directly converted into a quantum cash using a technique called quantum teleportation. Transfer to the issuing device 1 is also possible. The advantage of transfer in this quantum teleportation is that it has security. Quantum teleportation is described in detail in the document "MA Nielsen and I. Chuang," Quantum Computation and QuantumInformation ", Cambridge Univ., 2000, Chap. 1.3.7 (pp26-28). Then, explanation is omitted.

  In this way, when it is determined to be valid, the realization of the face value is paid to the quantum cash verification payment function.

  According to the specific example as described above, even if a plurality of quantum cash verification devices 2-1 to 2-n separated from the quantum cash issuing device 1 are provided, while avoiding dangers such as duplication and forgery, These quantum cash verification devices can now be verified. In addition, users can now provide a convenient quantum cash system.

The figure which shows the whole quantum cash distribution system of this Embodiment (the 1). The figure which shows the whole quantum cash distribution system of this Embodiment (the 2). The figure which shows the functional block inside the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1. FIG. The figure which shows one internal functional block among quantum cash verification apparatuses 2-1 ... 2-n. Quantum state detection probability table The figure which shows an example about the production | generation of original data. The figure which shows the quantum cash production | generation part 12 of this example. The figure which shows the internal structure of the quantum state production | generation part 41. FIG. An example of the relationship between an identifier, conversion data, and inverse conversion data. The structure of the quantum verification information generation part 13 is shown. An example of quantum cash. The figure which shows the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1. The figure which shows the functional block of the adjustment part 15 of the quantum cash issuing apparatus 1. FIG. The figure which shows the function to convert the electronic information with which the quantum cash verification apparatus 2-1 side is equipped. The figure which shows the verification using the + base measurement result and the x base measurement result.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Quantum cash issue apparatus 2-1 to 2-n ... Quantum cash verification apparatus 11 ... Memory | storage part 12 ... Quantum cash generation part 13 ... Quantum verification information generation part 14 ... Verification List generation unit 15 ... Quantum cash clearing unit 21 ... Verification information supply unit 22 ... Quantum state verification unit 31,32 ... Random number generation device 33 ... Base allocation device 41, 51, 71 ..Quantum state generation units 42, 53... EIT unit 43... Laser beam unit 44... Attenuator 45 .. Deflector 52 ... Unitary conversion units 61, 62, 72, 81, 82 ..Quantum state restoration unit 63... Unitary conversion units 64 and 73... Verification quantum gate 83... + Basis measurement device 84... X basis measurement device 85.

Claims (6)

Quantum cash issuing device for issuing quantum cash, and a plurality of quantum cash verification devices for verifying the quantum cash and assigned with uniquely identifiable identifiers, and enabling the distribution of quantum cash A quantum cash system,
The quantum cash issuing device
A first generation means for generating a quantum state from the concealed original data and generating quantum cash holding the quantum state;
Based on the original data and a plurality of different transform data assigned to each of the identifiers, a plurality of different quantum states are generated, and each quantum state is assigned so that the correspondence with each identifier is known. Second generation means for generating a plurality of quantum verification information to be held;
Third generation means for generating a verification list in which each identifier is associated with each inversely converted data for canceling the conversion using each converted data;
Quantum cash supply means for outputting the quantum cash generated by the first generation means and the verification list generated by the third generation means to the flow passage as a set;
Verification information supply means for supplying each verification information generated by the second generation means to each quantum cash verification device indicated by each identifier,
Each quantum cash verification device
Based on the reverse conversion data of the quantum cash verification device in the verification list and the quantum verification information provided in the quantum cash verification device, the verification means for verifying the validity of the quantum cash,
A quantum cash system characterized in that quantum cash can be distributed. A unique serial number is added to the quantum cash generated by the first generation unit, and the serial number is added to each of the quantum verification information generated by the second generation unit. Item 2. A quantum cash system according to item 1. Furthermore, the verification means includes a clearing device that responds to a quantum cash clearing request from the quantum cash verification device that has verified the validity of quantum cash, and the clearing device includes the quantum cash from the quantum cash verification device. The quantum cash according to claim 1, wherein the validity of the quantum cash verification device is verified based on two quantum states obtained when the validity of the quantum cash is verified and the original data. system. The generation of the quantum state is based on a combination of two different base sequences included in the original data and a sequence of 0 or 1 bits;
Further, the two quantum states obtained as a result of verifying the validity of the quantum cash by the verification means are data obtained from each of the two bases, and the data is transmitted to the quantum cash issuing device via a transmission path. And
The quantum cash system according to claim 1, wherein the quantum cash issuing device verifies the validity of the quantum cash verification device by comparing the data with the original data. Issuing quantum cash including a quantum state to a user, issuing a verification information for evaluating the validity of quantum cash to a number of verification devices that verify the quantum cash,
A first generation means for generating a quantum state from the concealed original data and generating quantum cash holding the quantum state;
Based on the original data and a plurality of different transform data assigned to each of the identifiers, a plurality of different quantum states are generated, and each quantum state is assigned so that the correspondence with each identifier is known. Second generation means for generating a plurality of quantum verification information to be held;
Third generation means for generating a verification list in which each identifier is associated with each inversely converted data for canceling the conversion using each converted data;
Quantum cash supply means for outputting the quantum cash generated by the first generation means and the verification list generated by the third generation means to the flow passage as a set;
A quantum cash issuing apparatus, comprising: verification information supply means for supplying each verification information generated by the second generation means to each quantum cash verification apparatus indicated by each identifier. 6. The quantum cash issuing apparatus according to claim 5, comprising a combination of two different base columns included in the original data and a 0 or 1 bit sequence.

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