JP4193683B2 - Electric outboard motor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric outboard motor.

  Generally, an outboard motor uses an internal combustion engine that uses gasoline or the like as a power source, a so-called gasoline engine or the like. A gasoline engine has a complicated structure, a large number of parts, and many parts that cause various problems, such as a fuel system, intake / exhaust system, electrical system, lubrication system, and drive system.

  Furthermore, in recent years, environmental problems have been highlighted, and there are many problems with outboard motors equipped with gasoline engines, such as leakage of gasoline and lubricating oil and exhaust of exhaust gas into water.

In view of these problems, an outboard motor having an electric motor as a power source has been devised (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In such an outboard motor, an electric motor is disposed in front of the underwater propeller, and power is supplied from a battery disposed in the ship.
JP 59-45296 (pages 3 to 4 and FIG. 2)

  However, since conventional electric outboard motors are arranged in water to cool the electric motor that generates heat, considering the resistance in water, the size of the electric motor, that is, the replacement of the gasoline engine is not Have difficulty. Further, in order to dispose a large electric motor in water, there is a problem that the supporting member of the electric motor has to be enlarged, and the electric outboard motor uses only a small and small output electric motor.

  From the above, the conventional electric outboard motor can only be used as an auxiliary machine for trolling or berthing.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a compact electric outboard motor that can replace a high-power gasoline engine.

In order to solve the above-described problem, an electric outboard motor according to the present invention is divided into an upper unit, a middle unit, and a lower unit from above in the vertical direction as described in claim 1. The middle unit located in the middle part is attached to the hull through the mounting device, and includes an electric motor, a battery for supplying electric power to the electric motor, and a control unit for controlling the electric motor , The middle unit includes a mount case in which an upper mount is housed at a rear position of a bracket device fixed to the transom of the hull, and a middle case provided at a lower portion of the mount case and to which a lower mount is attached. A partition that partitions the inside of the middle case above and below in a liquid-tight manner is provided above the mount. Inside the middle case of the rectangular it is obtained by accommodating the electric motor.

In order to solve the above-described problem, as described in claim 2, a storage space for a reduction gear that connects the output shaft of the electric motor and a drive shaft that transmits the output of the electric motor to the propeller is provided. It is provided on the upper side of the partition wall .

On the other hand, in order to solve the above-described problem, the electric outboard motor according to the present invention is divided into an upper unit, a middle unit, and a lower unit from the top in the vertical direction. The middle unit positioned in the middle is divided and attached to the hull through the mount device, and an electric motor, a battery for supplying electric power to the electric motor, and a control unit for controlling the electric motor are provided. The electric motor is arranged in a middle case constituting the middle unit between the mounting devices, and a deceleration for connecting an output shaft of the electric motor and a drive shaft for transmitting the output of the electric motor to a propeller A space for storing gears is provided, and the reduction gear includes a drive gear coupled to the output shaft of the electric motor and the drive Consists of a driven gear coupled to Yafuto is obtained by housing the drive gear and driven gear to the front of the storage space, the rear side.

In order to solve the above-described problem , as described in claim 4, the middle case is partitioned vertically by a partition, the electric motor is housed in the middle case above the partition, and the reduction gear is provided. Is provided above the partition wall .

Furthermore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem , as described in claim 5 , a cooling jacket is formed around the electric motor, and the storage space for the cooling jacket and the reduction gear is communicated .

On the other hand, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem , as described in claim 6 , the outboard motor is divided into an upper unit, a middle unit, and a lower unit from the top in the vertical direction, and the middle unit located in the middle portion thereof. And an electric motor, a battery for supplying electric power to the electric motor, and a control unit for controlling the electric motor. The middle unit mounts an upper case. And a middle case provided at the lower part of the mount case to which the lower mount is attached. The electric motor is arranged in the middle case, and the upper part of the outboard motor is divided into three parts. The battery and the battery inside the upper case on the mount case. Place the control unit in the vertical direction, and the battery are those substantially arranged horizontally above the removably said control unit.

In order to solve the above-described problem , as described in claim 7, the upper unit includes the battery detachable lid member that can be freely opened and closed, and a display panel is provided integrally on the front surface of the lid member. Further, as described in claim 8, the lid member is provided with a main switch that uses a key that also serves as a lock opening / closing operation of the lid member .

  According to the electric outboard motor according to the present invention, the electric motor can be enlarged and a high-power gasoline engine can be substituted. In addition, the entire outboard motor can be compacted.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of an outboard motor according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the outboard motor 1 </ b> A is configured to be divided into three main parts in the vertical direction from the top to an upper unit 2, a middle unit 3, and a lower unit 4.

  The upper unit 2 located in the upper part is composed of a synthetic resin upper case 5 having a left and right split structure with the uppermost part opened, and a lid member 6 that closes the opening of the upper case 5. The case 5 is attached to be openable and closable via a hinge 7 provided at the rear edge of the opening.

  On the other hand, the middle case 8 constituting the middle unit 3 located in the middle part is provided with a mount case 9 at the upper part thereof, and an upper mount 10 constituting the mounting device is accommodated in the mount case 9, and the mount case 9 The upper case 5 is placed on the top. A lower mount 11 constituting another mounting device is attached to the lower part of the middle case 8.

  Above the lower mount 11, a partition wall 12 that divides the inside of the middle case 8 vertically is provided integrally or integrally. The partition 12 may be a separate body. The inside of the middle case 8 above the partition wall 12 is set as a motor room 13, and an electric motor 14 as a power source for the outboard motor 1A is accommodated in the motor room 13.

  A lower case 15 constituting the lower unit 4 is provided at the lower part of the middle case 8. A propeller shaft 16 is pivotally supported inside the lower case 15 and a propeller 17 is provided at the rear end thereof. The upper mount 10 and the lower mount 11 are supported by the swivel portion 19 of the bracket device 18 that supports the outboard motor 1A to the hull 21 so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction, and the clamp portion 20 of the bracket device 18 is It is fixed to the transom 21a, and the swivel portion 19 is pivotally supported by the clamp portion 20 via a tilt shaft 22 so as to be tiltable in the vertical direction.

  Further, a steering bracket 23 is formed on the upper part of the swivel portion 19 to which the upper mount 10 is attached, and a steering handle 25 is attached to the steering bracket 23 via a handle bracket 24. The steering handle 25 extends forward (leftward in the figure), and is configured so that the hull 21 can be steered by changing the direction of the entire outboard motor 1A by swinging the steering handle 25 in the horizontal direction. The

  On the other hand, a storage space 28 for a reduction gear composed of a driven gear 26 and a drive gear 27 is recessed above the partition wall 12. A driven gear 26 is housed in the front side of the housing space 28 and a drive gear 27 is housed in the rear side. The upper surface of the housing space 28 is closed by a motor mounting base 29A to form a reduction gear chamber.

  Between the upper mount 10 and the lower mount 11 in the motor room 13, the electric motor 14 is provided vertically on the upper part of the motor mounting base 29 </ b> A so that the output shaft 30 faces substantially in the vertical direction, and is fixed by, for example, a bolt 31. Is done. The output shaft 30 of the electric motor 14 is splined to the drive gear 27, for example.

  On the other hand, the central axis 32 of the driven gear 26 protrudes downward through an oil seal 33, and a drive shaft 34 is splined to the central axis 32, for example, and extends downward in the middle case 8 and the lower case 15. . The lower end of the drive shaft 34 is connected to the propeller shaft 16 via the bevel gear 35. The output of the electric motor 14, that is, the rotation of the output shaft 30 is transmitted to the propeller shaft 16 through the drive gear 27, the driven gear 26, the drive shaft 34 and the bevel gear 35 to rotate the propeller 17. With the transmission structure for the output of the electric motor 14 described above, the storage space 28 for the reduction gears 26 and 27 can be arranged in a compact shape, and the output of the electric motor 14 can be transmitted to the propeller 17 efficiently.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view of the steering handle 25. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a throttle grip 37 for adjusting the output of the electric motor 14 is provided at the tip of the handle housing 36 constituting the steering handle 25, and the throttle grip 37 is rotated in the handle housing 36. A variable resistor 38 is arranged to convert the motion into an electrical signal. A shift switch 39 for switching between forward and reverse of the electric motor 14 is provided on the upper surface of the handle housing 36. (In the figure, the F button 40 indicates normal rotation (forward), and the R button 41 indicates reverse rotation (reverse)). Further, these shift switches 39 are configured such that, for example, when an F button 40 is pressed, a built-in LED (not shown) is lit to indicate a shift state to the operator. Furthermore, the R button 41 is controlled so that it cannot be switched unless the throttle grip 37 is fully closed (the “fully closed” position in FIG. 2), that is, the electric motor 14 is stopped.

  A trolling switch 42 (T button) is provided on the upper surface of the handle housing 36 adjacent to the shift switch 39. The trolling switch 42 can be used when the throttle grip 37 is in the “trolling” position in FIG. 2, and is controlled so as to drive the electric motor 14 at a preset extremely low rotational speed by pressing the trolling switch 42. Is done. It is also possible to set the rotational speed to increase at a predetermined rotational speed, for example, 200 rpm each time the trolling switch 42 is pressed. Furthermore, you may set the upper limit of this rotation speed to 1000 rpm, for example. The trolling state may be set to be released by returning the throttle grip 37 to the fully closed state (the “fully closed” position in FIG. 2).

  In conventional outboard motors equipped with a gasoline engine, the trolling speed cannot be reduced below a predetermined speed so that the engine does not stop. However, the outboard motor 1A equipped with the electric motor 14 has a very low speed as one of its features. The number of rotations can be selected, and the setting range of the trolling rotation number is expanded.

  On the mount case 9 in the upper case 5, a rechargeable battery 43 such as a lithium ion battery for supplying electric power to the electric motor 14 and a control unit 44 for controlling the rotational speed of the electric motor 14 are arranged in the vertical direction. Is done. The battery 43 is disposed above the control unit 44. The battery 43 may be equipped with a charger (not shown), but is set to be detachable so that it can be charged at a place other than the outboard motor 1A (for example, a marina or a home).

  The battery 43 is attached to the battery base 45, for example. The battery base 45 is operatively connected to the lid member 6 via a link mechanism (not shown), and the battery 43 is tilted forward in conjunction with the opening operation of the lid member 6 to facilitate the attachment / detachment of the battery 43. In addition, the position of the battery 43 in the state which opened the cover member 6 is shown with a dashed-two dotted line in FIG. Further, a display panel 46 is integrally provided on the front surface of the lid member 6.

  FIG. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrow III in FIG. 1 and shows a front view of the display panel 46. The display panel 46 is provided with a remaining amount indicator lamp 47 for the battery 43, a temperature warning lamp 48 for the electric motor 14, and a key-type main switch 49. The key (not shown) is set so that it can be inserted / removed at the center OFF position. The key (not shown) can be operated when turned to the ON position, and the lock (not shown) of the lid member 6 is released when turned to the OPEN position. The That is, the key of the main switch 49 also functions as a lock opening / closing operation key of the lid member 6, and the battery 43 cannot be attached / detached (exchanged) unless the main switch 49 is in the OFF position.

  Since the electric motor 14 can be easily switched between forward and reverse by the shift switch 39, a shift mechanism for connecting the drive shaft 34 and the propeller shaft 16 which has been necessary in the past is not required, and the outboard motor equipped with the electric motor 14 is eliminated. The lower part of 1A can be made smaller than the lower part of an outboard motor equipped with a gasoline engine. Since the lower part of the outboard motor 1A is normally submerged in water, the downsizing of the middle case 8 and the lower case 15 reduces the underwater resistance and improves the propulsion efficiency.

  Similarly, since the electric motor 14 does not discharge exhaust gas, there is no need to provide an exhaust passage in the middle case 8 or the lower case 15, and it is only necessary to secure a space through which the drive shaft 34 and a cooling water pipe 50 described later can pass. The case 8 and the lower case 15 can be downsized.

  Further, since the electric motor 14 does not exhaust the exhaust gas, the hub 17a of the propeller 17 from which the exhaust gas has been conventionally exhausted can be reduced. As a result, since the blade area of the propeller 17 can be increased, the propulsion efficiency is improved.

  By the way, in the first embodiment of the outboard motor 1A according to the present invention described above, an example in which a reduction gear including the drive gear 27 and the driven gear 26 is provided between the output shaft 30 of the electric motor 14 and the drive shaft 34 is shown. However, as in the second embodiment of the electric outboard motor according to the present invention shown in FIG. 4, in the small outboard motor 1B with a small load, the output shaft 30 of the electric motor 14 and the drive shaft 34 are directly connected. May be. In this case, the motor mounting base 29B also serves as a partition that divides the inside of the middle case 8 vertically, and keeps the motor room 13 liquid-tight. In the second embodiment, the same components as those of the outboard motor 1A shown in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  The electric motor 14 that is the power source of the outboard motor 1A according to the present invention has a characteristic that the electric motor 14 itself generates heat when continuously operated at a high speed. Therefore, the outboard motor 1A according to the present invention is provided with a cooling device that removes or reduces the heat generated from the electric motor 14.

  The cooling device for the outboard motors 1A and 1B shown in the first and second embodiments of the present invention is of a water cooling type. A motor cover 51 is attached around the electric motor 14, and a water jacket 52 that is a cooling jacket through which cooling water flows between the electric motor 14 and the motor cover 51 is formed. On the other hand, for example, a volume-variable cooling water pump 53 that is driven by the rotation of the drive shaft 34 is provided on the upper surface of the lower case 15 in the middle case 8, for example. A cooling water pipe 50 extends in the middle case 8 along the drive shaft 34. A communication passage 54 is formed in the partition wall 12 and the motor mounting base 29A (the motor mounting base 29B in the second embodiment) to communicate the cooling water pipe 50 and the water jacket 52 of the electric motor 14.

  When the drive shaft 34 rotates with the rotation of the electric motor 14, an impeller (not shown) in the cooling water pump 53 rotates to take external water as cooling water from a water intake 55 provided in the lower case 15, and this cooling Water is pumped to a water jacket 52 formed around the electric motor 14 to forcibly cool the electric motor 14. The cooling water after cooling the electric motor 14 enters the middle case 8 from a cooling water discharge passage (not shown) formed in the partition wall 12 and the motor mounting base 29A (the motor mounting base 29B in the second embodiment), for example. It is discharged and discharged from the lower case 15 to the outside.

  Although not shown in detail, for example, the motor cover 51 is provided with a water flash plug (not shown). For example, after use of the outboard motors 1A and 1B, a tap water hose or the like is used as the plug. If connected, the water jacket 52 can be easily cleaned, and a decrease in cooling efficiency can be prevented.

  These water-cooled cooling devices can reliably suppress overheating of the electric motor 14 by sending the cooling water at the time of cruising to the electric motor 14, and have been used in conventional gasoline engines and the like. Since it has the same pumping structure, it is highly reliable and easy to maintain. Moreover, since there are many diverted parts, it is economical.

  Since the electric motor 14 is cooled by the cooling water, it is not necessary to provide the upper case 5 or the middle case 8 with an outside air intake for ventilation. As a result, moisture from outside, such as splashes and rain water during cruising, does not enter the upper case 5 or the motor room 13, thereby improving the durability of the electrical components such as the electric motor 14, the battery 43, and the control unit 44. To do.

  FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of an electric outboard motor 1C according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. In the third embodiment, the same constituent members as those of the outboard motor 1A shown in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the cooling device used for the electric motor 14 of the outboard motor 1 </ b> C is an oil cooling type, and is another cooling jacket in which cooling oil flows around the electric motor 14. An oil jacket 56 is formed. On the other hand, a reduction gear comprising a drive gear 27 and a driven gear 26 provided in the partition 12 functions as an oil pump. A storage space 28 in which the reduction gears 26 and 27 are stored is used as an oil reservoir.

  A first oil passage 57 connected to the storage space 28 (oil reservoir) is formed inside the partition wall 12 on the side where the cooling oil is discharged. A second oil passage 58 is formed in the partition wall 12 and the motor mounting base 29 </ b> A so as to communicate the oil jacket 56 with the downstream side of the first oil passage 57. For example, a third oil passage 60 that communicates the oil jacket 56 and the storage space 28 (oil reservoir) is formed on the opposite side of the second oil passage 58 across a line 59 that connects the centers of the drive gear 27 and the driven gear 26. Is done. Further, heat radiation fins 61 are formed on the lower surface of the partition wall 12.

  When the output shaft 30 rotates with the rotation of the electric motor 14, the drive gear 27 and the driven gear 26 function as an oil pump, and the cooling oil in the storage space 28 (oil reservoir) is formed around the electric motor 14. The electric motor 14 is forcibly cooled by being pumped to the oil jacket 56. The cooling oil after cooling the electric motor 14 is returned to the storage space 28 (oil reservoir), that is, the cooling oil is circulated.

  In this oil cooling type cooling device, since the reduction gears 26 and 27 functioning as an oil pump are arranged near the oil jacket 56, the number of parts can be reduced and the mechanical loss is less than that of pumping cooling water from the outside. Therefore, the cooling efficiency of the electric motor 14 is improved. In addition, since the conventional cooling water pump is not used, the middle case 8 and the lower case 15 below the motor room 13 can be downsized. Particularly, since these are partially submerged in water, the downsizing reduces the underwater resistance. The propulsion efficiency is improved by reducing.

  Furthermore, since the oil-cooled cooling device does not take in external water as a cooling medium, corrosion inside the cooling path does not occur. The oil cooling type has higher cooling efficiency than the water cooling type. Furthermore, the cooling efficiency of the cooling oil can be improved by configuring the radiating fins 61 formed on the lower surface of the partition wall 12 to be splashed with water such as seawater using dynamic pressure during travel.

  As described above, the cooling device is provided in the electric motor 14 that generates heat when continuously operated at high speed, so that the electric motor 14 can be enlarged and replaced with a high-power gasoline engine. Further, since the main components can be concentrated on the upper portions of the outboard motors 1A, 1B, and 1C, the entire outboard motors 1A, 1B, and 1C can be compactly assembled. In addition, since the battery 43 is detachable, it is possible to use the battery 43 for a long time with a simple replacement work by preparing a spare battery.

  Unlike the gasoline engine, the electric motor 14 has no leakage of gasoline or lubricating oil, exhaust gas is not discharged into the water, and vibration and noise are extremely low, so it is friendly to the user and the environment.

1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of an electric outboard motor according to the present invention. The top view of a steering handle. FIG. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrow III in FIG. 1 (front view of the display panel). The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows 2nd embodiment of the electric outboard motor which concerns on this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows 3rd embodiment of the electric outboard motor which concerns on this invention. Sectional drawing which follows the VI-VI line of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1A, 1B, 1C Electric outboard motor 2 Upper unit 3 Middle unit 6 Lid member 8 Middle case 10 Upper mount (mounting device)
11 Lower mount (mounting device)
12 Bulkhead 14 Electric motor 17 Propeller 21 Hull 25 Steering handle 26 Driven gear (reduction gear)
27 Drive gear (reduction gear)
28 Reduction gear storage space 30 Electric motor output shaft 34 Drive shaft 43 Battery 44 Control unit 46 Display panel 49 Main switch 52 Water jacket (cooling jacket)
56 Oil jacket (cooling jacket)

Claims (8)

The outboard motor is divided into an upper unit, a middle unit, and a lower unit in the vertical direction from the top, and the middle unit located in the middle is attached to the hull via a mounting device. A battery for supplying electric power to the motor, and a control unit for controlling the electric motor ,
The middle unit is composed of a mount case in which an upper mount is stored at a rear position of the transom-fixed bracket device of the hull, and a middle case provided at a lower portion of the mount case and to which a lower mount is attached.
An electric outboard motor characterized in that a partition wall is provided above and below the lower mount to partition the inside of the middle case in a liquid-tight manner, and the electric motor is housed in the middle case above the partition wall . The electric outboard motor according to claim 1, wherein a storage space for a reduction gear that connects an output shaft of the electric motor and a drive shaft that transmits the output of the electric motor to a propeller is provided above the partition wall . The outboard motor is divided into an upper unit, a middle unit, and a lower unit in the vertical direction from the top, and the middle unit located in the middle is attached to the hull via a mounting device. A battery for supplying electric power to the motor, and a control unit for controlling the electric motor,
The electric motor is disposed in a middle case constituting the middle unit between the mounting devices,
While providing a storage space for a reduction gear that connects the output shaft of the electric motor and a drive shaft that transmits the output of the electric motor to the propeller,
The reduction gear is composed of a drive gear coupled to the output shaft of the electric motor and a driven gear coupled to the drive shaft. The driven gear is housed on the front side of the housing space and the drive gear is housed on the rear side. A featured electric outboard motor. The electric ship according to claim 3 , wherein the middle case is divided into upper and lower parts by a partition, the electric motor is housed in the middle case above the partition, and a storage space for the reduction gear is provided above the partition. Outside machine. 5. The electric outboard motor according to claim 2, 3, or 4 , wherein a cooling jacket is formed around the electric motor, and the cooling jacket communicates with a storage space for the reduction gear . The outboard motor is divided into an upper unit, a middle unit, and a lower unit in the vertical direction from the top, and the middle unit located in the middle is attached to the hull via a mounting device, and an electric motor and the electric motor A battery for supplying electric power to the battery, and a control unit for controlling the electric motor,
The middle unit is composed of a mount case on which an upper case is placed, and a middle case provided at a lower portion of the mount case and to which a lower mount is attached. The electric motor is disposed in the middle case,
The battery and the control unit are arranged in the upper and lower directions inside the upper unit located on the upper part of the outboard motor divided into three, and the battery is detachably controlled. An electric outboard motor arranged substantially horizontally above the unit . The electric outboard motor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the upper unit includes a lid member for attaching and detaching the battery so as to be freely opened and closed, and a display panel is integrally provided on a front surface of the lid member . The electric outboard motor according to claim 7, wherein a main switch using a key that is also used for a lock opening / closing operation of the lid member is provided on the lid member .

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