JP4169244B2 - Antiallergic agent and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Antiallergic agent and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP4169244B2 JP4169244B2 JP2001192200A JP2001192200A JP4169244B2 JP 4169244 B2 JP4169244 B2 JP 4169244B2 JP 2001192200 A JP2001192200 A JP 2001192200A JP 2001192200 A JP2001192200 A JP 2001192200A JP 4169244 B2 JP4169244 B2 JP 4169244B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、トマト由来の抗アレルギー剤およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、気管支喘息、成人における花粉症や子児のアトピー性皮膚炎などのアレルギー性疾患の患者が増大し、大きな社会問題になっている。何らかのアレルギーを持つ人は今や3人に1人にまでになっており、国民病とまで言われている。
アレルギー疾患の発症のメカニズムは、肥満細胞に結合したIgE抗体がアレルゲン(抗原)と結合すると、ヒスタミンやロイコトリエンなどのケミカルメディエーターが放出され、くしゃみ、鼻水、目のかゆみといったアレルギー症状を引き起こすと考えられている。
【0003】
このため、肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制活性やマクロファージからのロイコトリエン遊離(「ロイコトリエン産生」と言うことがある)抑制活性を有する成分は、抗アレルギー剤としての効果が期待できる。そして、医療の現場では、種々のアレルギー性疾患の予防・治療に有用な抗アレルギー剤の開発が強く求められている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、新規な抗アレルギー剤およびその製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制活性、またはロイコトリエン遊離抑制活性を指標として、ヒスタミン遊離抑制剤またはロイコトリエン遊離抑制剤を探索した。その結果、トマト果皮含水エタノール抽出物にヒスタミン遊離抑制またはロイコトリエン遊離抑制活性成分が多く含まれることを発見し、本発明を完成した。即ち、本発明は、以下の剤およびその製造方法に関する。
(1)トマト果皮含水エタノール抽出物を有効成分とするヒスタミン遊離抑制剤またはロイコトリエン遊離抑制剤。
(2)原料トマト果皮を含水エタノールで抽出することを特徴とする、ヒスタミン遊離抑制剤またはロイコトリエン遊離抑制剤の製造方法。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
〔トマト抽出物を有効成分とする抗アレルギー剤〕
本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、トマト抽出物を有効成分とすることを特徴とする。トマト抽出物は、例えば原料トマトを適当な溶剤で抽出することにより得られる。
抽出の対象である原料トマトは、トマトの植物体全体の他、果実、果皮、果汁等の任意の部位であってもよい。特に好ましい部位は、抗アレルギー活性を有する成分(以下「抗アレルギー活性成分」)を多く含む果皮である。また、原料トマトは、トマト果実を搾汁した後に得られる搾汁滓であってもよい。搾汁滓は、果皮を多く含むので特に好ましい。原料トマトの品種は特に限定されず、一般に流通している生食用、加工用の品種が使用可能である。
原料トマトが水分を多く含んでいる場合、作業性を良くするため乾燥した後に使用するのが望ましい。具体的には、例えば、50〜150℃にて1〜24時間乾燥し、水分含量を低減することが好ましい。また、抽出効率を高めるため、原料トマトは、細かくすりつぶしてから用いるのが好ましい。手段は特に限定されず、乳鉢による方法、ワーリングブレンダー、ホモジナイザー等の粉砕機器による方法等が挙げられる。原料トマトは16メッシュ以下となるように粉砕することが好ましい。
【0007】
抗アレルギー活性成分を高濃度で抽出するための好ましい原料トマトは、トマト果皮またはトマト搾汁滓を乾燥した後に粉砕したものである。
抽出に用いる溶剤は、抗アレルギー活性成分を抽出可能なものであれば特に限定されず、通常の極性溶媒、両性溶媒等が使用できる。溶剤としては、例えば、有機溶媒、有機溶媒を含む溶剤、または水と有機溶媒との混合液等が使用できる。
有機溶媒とは、例えば、低級アルコール(具体的にはエタノール、メタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール)、エーテル類(具体的にはジエチルエーテル)、ハロゲン化炭素類(具体的にはクロロホルム)、ニトリル類(具体的にはアセトニトリル)、エステル類(具体的には酢酸エチル)、ケトン類(アセトン)などの他に、ヘキサン、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミド等である。作業性等の面から、有機溶媒としては、エタノール、メタノール、または酢酸エチルが好ましい。有機溶媒は2種以上を混合して使用してもよい。
抗アレルギー活性成分の抽出効率の面から、溶剤としては水と有機溶媒との混合液が特に好ましい。水と有機溶媒との混合率は限定されないが、有機溶媒が20%以上、特に40〜80%であることが望ましい。
【0008】
トマト抽出物が最終的に食品や化粧品等に添加されることを考慮すると、溶剤としては、エタノールが特に好ましい。その場合、100%エタノールの他、含水アルコール、好ましくは40〜90%エタノール溶液、特に好ましくは50〜70%エタノール溶液が使用できる。
抽出に際しての原料トマトと溶媒との混合率は特に限定されず、原料トマト1に対して溶剤2〜10重量倍、特に抽出操作、効率の点で5〜10重量倍であることが好ましい。抽出温度は室温・常圧下での溶剤の沸点の範囲とするのが便利であり、特に、加熱・還流しながら抽出することが好ましい。溶剤が60%エタノールである場合、抽出温度は40〜70℃、抽出時間は30分から24時間の範囲とするのが好ましい。
【0009】
なお、有機溶媒を含む溶剤での抽出の前に、原料トマトを水や熱水で抽出することにより、水に可溶の夾雑物を除くことができる。この場合、水抽出後の滓を回収し、それを溶剤抽出に供する。
抽出工程により、抗アレルギー活性成分が溶剤中に溶出する。有機溶媒、特にアルコールを含む溶剤により抗アレルギー活性成分が効率的に抽出されることから、該成分は、トマトのアルコール可溶成分中に特に多く存在していると考えられる。
抽出効率向上のため、抽出工程は複数回繰り返すことが好ましい。抽出後は吸引濾過等を行ってトマト抽出物を含む溶剤を回収する。以上により溶液状のトマト抽出物が得られる。なお、必要により、得られた画分を合成吸着剤やイオン交換樹脂等によって更に精製してもよい。
【0010】
得られたトマト抽出物は、溶剤を含んだ状態のものやその濃縮物、抽出物から溶剤を除去した乾燥物等、いかなる状態でも、抗アレルギー剤として使用できる。ただし、保存性、有機溶媒の安全性の点で、トマト抽出物は乾燥物の状態にするのが好ましい。
溶剤抽出や樹脂による精製操作の各段階で得られる画分の抗アレルギー活性は、肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を指標として測定すればよい。測定法を実施例2に記載した。
【0011】
〔トマトの果皮を有効成分とする抗アレルギー剤〕
別の態様では、本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、トマトの果皮を有効成分とすることを特徴とする。原料トマトの果皮には、抗アレルギー活性成分が特に多く含まれているからである。発明者らは、トマト搾汁滓を果皮と種とにそれぞれ分離し、得られた同量の抽出物について、それらの抗アレルギー活性を測定した。その結果、果皮由来の抽出物の抗アレルギー活性は、種由来の抽出物の約5〜10倍であった。
従って、トマト果皮は、抗アレルギー剤として非常に有用である。この場合、トマト果皮とは、例えば、トマト果実の乾燥物や乾燥後に粉砕したもの、搾汁滓、搾汁滓の乾燥物や乾燥後に粉砕したもの等である。トマト果皮は、抗アレルギー剤として使用しやすいように、顆粒状・粉末状・錠剤状あるいはブロック状などに成形されていることが好ましい。トマトの果皮を有効成分とする抗アレルギー剤は、果皮以外の他の成分を含んでいてもよい。他の成分とは、例えば固形担体、液体担体、油性担体、防腐・殺菌剤、香料、呈味剤、着色料等である。
なお、トマトの果皮を有効成分とする抗アレルギー剤には、果皮以外のトマトの組織、例えば、果肉、種等が含まれていてもよい。
【0012】
〔本発明の抗アレルギー剤の用途〕
本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、トマト抽出物またはトマトの果皮を有効成分とする。実施例に示すように、本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制活性やマクロファージからのロイコトリエン遊離抑制活性を示す。したがって、本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、種々のアレルギー性疾患の予防剤または治療剤、抗炎症剤あるいはヒスタミン遊離抑制剤、ロイコトリエン遊離抑制剤として有用である。アレルギー性疾患とは、例えば、花粉、ダニやハウスダストなどにより発症するアレルギー性鼻炎、アレルギー性皮膚炎、牛乳・卵などの特定の食物に対して起こる食物アレルギー、アレルギー性気管支喘息、炎症等である。
本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、抗アレルギー活性、抗炎症活性やヒスタミン遊離抑制活性あるいはロイコトリエン遊離抑制活性を有する医薬品、飲食品または化粧品として、そのままであるいはこれらの製品に添加して使用できる。
【0013】
1.医薬品
本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、トマト抽出物またはトマト果皮をそのまま、若しくはこれを公知の医薬用担体と共に製剤化することにより医薬品として使用できる。本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、例えば、錠剤、顆粒剤、粉剤、シロップ剤等の経口剤や、坐剤、外用剤等の非経口剤として製剤化できる。医薬用担体としては、特に制限はなく、例えば、固形担体(デンプン、乳糖、カルボキシメチルセルロース等)、液体担体(蒸留水、生理食塩水、ブドウ糖水溶液、エタノール、プロピレングリコール等)、油性担体(各種の動植物油、白色ワセリン、パラフィン等)が挙げられる。
上記医薬品は、人および人以外の動物(ペット、家畜)用として使用できる。上記医薬の投与量は、それを使用する患者等の症状、性別、年齢に応じて適宜設定すればよい。
【0014】
2.飲食品
本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、そのままで、抗アレルギー活性、抗炎症活性、ヒスタミン遊離抑制活性あるいはロイコトリエン遊離抑制活性を有する飲食品として使用できる。また、本発明の抗アレルギー剤を飲食品、例えばトマトジュースやトマトピューレに添加することにより、その飲食品に、上記の活性を付与することができる。
添加されるべき飲食品は特に限定されないが、肉製品、加工野菜、惣菜類、乳製品、菓子、パン、清涼飲料、果実飲料、酒類等が挙げられる。食品に対する本発明の抗アレルギー剤の配合率も特に限定されない。
また、本発明の抗アレルギー剤とその他の食品素材を混合して、顆粒状・粉末状・錠剤状あるいはブロック状などに成形し、食品素材や健康食品等としてもよい。その他の食品素材とは、例えば、糖類、食用たんぱく質、アルコール、ビタミン、増粘多糖類、アミノ酸、カルシウム塩類、色素、香料、保存剤等である。
【0015】
3.化粧品
本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、化粧品に添加し、その化粧品に抗アレルギー活性、抗炎症活性、ヒスタミン遊離抑制活性あるいはロイコトリエン遊離抑制活性を付与することができる。化粧品とは、特に限定されないが、例えば、化粧水、化粧クリーム、乳液、ファンデーション、口紅、整髪料、ヘアトニック、育毛料、歯磨き、洗口料、シャンプー、リンス等である。
化粧品を調製する場合には、植物油等の油脂類、ラノリンやミツロウ等のロウ類、炭化水素類、脂肪酸、高級アルコール類、種々の界面活性剤、色素、香料、ビタミン類、植物・動物抽出成分、紫外線吸収剤、抗酸化剤、保存剤等、通常の化粧品原料として使用されているものを適宜配合して製造することができる。
【0016】
〔本発明のヒスタミン遊離抑制剤またはロイコトリエン遊離抑制剤〕
本発明のヒスタミン遊離抑制剤またはロイコトリエン遊離抑制剤は、トマト抽出物を有効成分とすることを特徴とする。ヒスタミン遊離抑制剤あるいはロイコトリエン遊離抑制剤としてのトマト抽出物は、前記の抗アレルギー剤の項で記載した方法と同様の方法により、原料トマトから抽出することができる。
上記薬剤は、そのままで、あるいは医薬品、飲食品または化粧品に添加して、ヒスタミンの遊離抑制あるいはロイコトリエンの遊離抑制(「ロイコトリエン産生抑制)とも言われる)が有効である疾患の予防治療のために使用できる。トマト抽出物は、前記の抗アレルギー剤の項で記載した要領に従い、医薬品、飲食品または化粧品に添加することができる。
【実施例】
以下に、トマト抽出物を有効成分とする本発明の抗アレルギー剤の製造方法、ヒスタミン遊離抑制試験、並びに本発明の抗アレルギー剤を含有する医薬品・飲食品・化粧品の製造に関する実施例を示す。
【0017】
実施例1:トマト抽出物の調製
〔その1〕
(1)乾燥トマト搾汁滓20gをミキサーにて粉砕し、200mlの水を加え、60℃で加熱・還流しながら水抽出を行ない、夾雑物を抽出除去した。次いで、抽出滓を回収し、溶剤として200mlの60%エタノールを加え、70℃で加熱・還流しながら再度抽出した。得られた抽出溶液を濾過した後に、濾液を減圧下で濃縮し、さらに凍結乾燥を行ない、トマト抽出物粉末812mgを得た(トマト抽出物1)。
(2)溶剤として、60%メタノールを使用し、上記(1)と同様の方法でトマト抽出物粉末753 mgを得た(トマト抽出物2)。
(3)溶剤として、60%酢酸エチルを使用し、上記(1)と同様の方法でトマト抽出物粉末625mgを得た(トマト抽出物3)。
〔その2〕
(1)トマトペースト100gを遠心分離し、残さを回収した。得られた沈殿物を凍結乾燥し、その後80mlのエタノールを加えて抽出し、減圧乾燥後800mgの抽出粉末を得た(トマト抽出物4)。
(2)生食用トマト300gをジュースミキサーで粉砕し、遠心をして残さを回収した。得られた残さは凍結乾燥後150mlのエタノールを加えて抽出し、減圧乾燥後1.94gの抽出物を得た(トマト抽出物5)。
【0018】
実施例2:ラット肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制活性の測定
トマト抽出物1〜3について、ラット肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制活性の測定を、以下の方法により行った。また測定結果を表1に示した。
【0019】
まず、トマト抽出物3mgを、1mlの1%ジメチルスルホキシドに溶解し、試料溶液とした。次いで、ラットを放血致死後、直ちに腹腔よりヘパリン含有肥満細胞用緩衝液を用いて細胞を採取した(生物薬科学実験講座12 炎症とアレルギーII、大内和雄 編集、廣川書店、1993年、372ページ)。洗浄後、2.0×105個/ mlになるよう細胞溶液を調整した。
試料溶液20μlに細胞溶液80μlを加えて37℃10分間インキュベートした。次いで、ヒスタミンの脱顆粒誘発剤としてコンパウンド48/80(5 μg/ml)を20 μl 加え、10 分インキュベートした。その後いったん氷冷して遠心分離(1,500×g、5 分、4度)し、上清中に遊離されたヒスタミンを蛍光検出器付き高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定した。ヒスタミン遊離抑制活性は、測定されたヒスタミン値から下記の計算式(1)を用いて算出した。
【0020】
ヒスタミン遊離抑制率(%)=(1-(S-B)/(C-B))×100 ・・・(1)
B:誘発剤を加えない対照の細胞から遊離されるヒスタミン量
C:誘発剤を加えたときに細胞から遊離されるヒスタミン量
S:被験試料を共存させて誘発剤を加えたときに細胞から遊離されるヒスタミン量
【0021】
【表1】
【0022】
表1の結果から明らかなように、トマト抽出物は非常に高いヒスタミン遊離抑制活性があった。また、その活性は、公知の抗アレルギー剤であるフマル酸ケトチフェンよりも強かった。以上によりトマト抽出物が抗アレルギー剤として有用であることが示された。
【0023】
実施例3: 実施例1で得たトマト抽出物1について、下記方法でラットマクロファージからのロイコトリエン遊離抑制活性を測定し、その結果を表2に示した。この測定系では、指標となるロイコトリエンを、ロイコトリエンB4とした。可溶性でんぷん(和光、一級)およびバクトペプトン(DIFCO)を生理食塩水(0.9%NaCl、大塚製薬)にそれぞれが5%になるように懸濁した。オートクレーブにて滅菌(121℃、20分)した後、室温に冷却した。エーテル麻酔下のラットに体重100gあたり5mL腹腔内投与した(21G針使用)。
4日後、エーテル麻酔下のラットの頚動脈を切断し放血した。十分に放血した後、ラットにエタノールを噴霧し、クリーンベンチに入れた。CMF-HBSS(Ca,Mg free HBSS)を腹腔内に25mL投与し、腹部をよくもんだ。滅菌した器具を用いてラットの腹部を開き、腹腔内の溶液を回収した。回収した溶液は3枚重ねのガーゼを用いてろ過した。再びCMF-HBSS(Ca,Mg free HBSS)25mLにて腹腔内を洗浄し、同様に回収した。採取した細胞を氷冷0.1%BSA-PBSにて3回洗浄した後、細胞を10%FBS-RPMI1640培地に懸濁し、6cmシャーレに4.5x106 cells/3mL/シャーレになるようにまきこみ、5%CO2、37℃インキュベータ内で2時間培養した。その後、上清を捨て、PBSにてシャーレ内を3回洗浄して非付着性細胞を洗い流し、シャーレ内に付着した細胞をマクロファージとして用いた。1%FBS-RPMI1640培地にて20分間プレインキュベートした後、ラットの血清を用いてオプソニン化したザイモサンを添加し、5%CO2、37℃インキュベータ内で一定時間培養した。また、サンプルはザイモサンを加える30分前に添加した。培養終了後、培養上清を回収ELISA kit(Leukotriene B4 EIA Kit Cayman)を用いて上清中のLTB4量を測定した。ロイコトリエンB4遊離抑制活性は、測定されたロイコトリエンB4値から下記の計算式(2)を用いて算出した。
ロイコトリエンB4遊離抑制率(%)=(1-(S-B)/(C-B))×100 ・・・(2)
B:誘発剤を加えない対照の細胞から遊離されるロイコトリエンB4量
C:誘発剤を加えたときに細胞から遊離されるロイコトリエンB4量
S:被験試料を共存させて誘発剤を加えたときに細胞から遊離されるロイコトリエンB4量
【0024】
【表2】
表2から明らかなように、トマト抽出物1は、容量依存的に、細胞からのロイコトリエンB4の遊離を抑制した
【0025】
実施例4: マウス耳介浮腫モデルにおけるアナフィラキシー抑制作用の評価
実施例1で得たトマト抽出物1について、下記方法でアナフィラキシー抑制活性を測定した。その結果を表3に示した。
マウスは15〜20gの体重の C3H/Hecrj、7週齢、雌を一群当り5匹用いた。トマト抽出物1を0.5%CMC−Na(カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム)溶液に懸濁したものを試料溶液として投与し、また対照として0.5 % CMC-Naを投与した。なお、トマト抽出物1の投与量は、体重1kg当たり4mg、0.8mg、0.16mgとした。試料の投与は5日間かけて6回行い、5日目に測定を行った。1日目から4日目までは1日一回投与し、5日目のみ抗TNP-IgE溶液投与4時間前と30分後の2回試料を経口投与した。
【0026】
1%の抗TNP-IgE溶液を眼底静脈から0.2ml投与し、30分後に試料溶液を経口投与した。さらに30分後に左右の耳の厚さを測定し、この直後に塩化ピクリルの0.8%アセトン・オリーブオイル(1:1)溶液を各耳10μlずつ塗布した。塗布2時間後にマウスの左右の耳の厚さを測定し、塗布前後の耳の厚さの差をアナフィラキシーによる浮腫とした。有意差の検定はStudentのT検定によった。
【0027】
【表3】
**:p<0.01(塩化ピクリル感作対照群との有意差)
*:p<0.05(塩化ピクリル感作対照群との有意差)
表3の結果から明らかなように、トマト抽出物1は、容量依存的にアナフィラキシー抑制作用を示した。トマト抽出物が抗アレルギー剤として有用であることがさらに示された。
【0028】
実施例5:本発明の抗アレルギー剤を含有する医薬品
(1)実施例1のトマト抽出物1(100g)に同量の乳糖及びステアリン酸マグネシウム5gと混合し、この混合物を単発式打錠機にて打錠し、直径10mm、重量300mgの錠剤を製造した。
(2)上記(1)で得た錠剤を粉砕、整粒し、篩別して20〜50メッシュの顆粒剤を得た。
【0029】
実施例6:本発明の抗アレルギー剤を含有する飲食品
(1)以下の組成(重量部)のキャンデーを製造した。
砂糖(47.0)、水飴(49.76)、香料(1.0)、水(2.0)、トマト抽出物1(0.24)。
(2)以下の組成(重量部)のトマトジュースを製造した。
市販のトマトジュース(99)とトマト抽出物1(1.0)とを混合した。
(3)以下の組成(重量部)のジュースを製造した。
濃縮温州みかん果汁(5)、果糖ブドウ糖液糖(11)、クエン酸(0.2)、L−アスコルビン酸(0.02)、トマト抽出物1(1.0)、水を加え100とした。
【0030】
実施例7:本発明の抗アレルギー剤を含有する化粧品
(1)以下の組成(重量部)の歯磨き粉を製造した。
第二リン酸カルシウム(42)、グリセリン(18)、カラギーナン(0.9)、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(1.2)、サッカリンナトリウム(0.09)、パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル(0.005)、トマト抽出物1(1.0)、香料(1)、水を加え100とした。
(2)以下の組成(重量部)の化粧水を製造した。
グリセリン(5.0)、プロピレングリコール(4.0)、トマト抽出物(0.5)、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウリン酸エステル(2.0)、エタノール(10.0)、香料(0.1)、精製水を加え100とした。
(3)以下の組成(重量部)のヘアーリンスを製造した。
塩化ステアリルジメチル(1.4)、ベンジルアンモニウム ステアリルアルコール(0.6)、グリセリンモノステアレート(1.5)、食塩(0.1)、トマト抽出物1(0.5)、精製水を加え100とした。
実施例8:細胞毒性試験
トマト抽出物1を各濃度となるように純水に懸濁し、試料溶液とした。次いで、実施例2と同様の方法で調製した細胞溶液(1〜2×106個/ml )80μlに、試料溶液20μlを加え、37℃で培養した。
培養開始から、0,10,20,60,120分後に各10μlずつ取り出し、予め用意しておいた20μlの0.4%トリパンブルー液に加えた。青色色素で染まる細胞を死細胞と判定し、血球計算盤を用いて、顕微鏡下で細胞数を測定し, cell viability(全細胞数に対する生存細胞数の割合)と生存細胞数を測定した。
その結果、ヒスタミン遊離抑制活性あるいはロイコトリエン遊離抑制活性を示す濃度では、トマト抽出物は細胞毒性を示さなかった。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明により以下(1)〜(4)の物および方法が提供された。
(1)トマト抽出物を有効成分とする抗アレルギー剤、(2)トマト抽出物を有効成分とするヒスタミン遊離抑制剤またはロイコトリエン遊離抑制剤、(3)トマトの果皮を有効成分とする抗アレルギー剤、(4)原料トマトを溶剤で抽出することを特徴とする、抗アレルギー剤の製造方法。
トマト抽出物は、優れたヒスタミン遊離抑制活性及びロイコトリエン遊離抑制活性を示すことから、各種アレルギー疾患の予防剤・治療剤、抗炎症剤、ヒスタミン遊離抑制剤あるいはロイコトリエン遊離抑制(「ロイコトリエン産生抑制」ともいう)剤として有用である。また、本発明の抗アレルギー剤は医薬品のみならず、飲食品、化粧品として使用できる。
抽出物の対象となる原料トマトとしては、トマト果皮またはトマト搾汁滓が使用できる。これらは、トマトジュース、ケチャップ等の食品加工の現場で大量に発生する廃棄物である。本発明は、産業廃棄物を有効利用する意味でも非常に有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tomato-derived antiallergic agent and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the number of patients with allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, hay fever in adults and atopic dermatitis in children has increased and has become a major social problem. The number of people with allergies is now only one in three, and it is said to be a national illness.
The mechanism of the development of allergic diseases is thought to be that when IgE antibodies bound to mast cells bind to allergens (antigens), chemical mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes are released, causing allergic symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose and itchy eyes. ing.
[0003]
For this reason, the component which has histamine release inhibitory activity from a mast cell and leukotriene release from a macrophage (it may be called "leukotriene production") inhibitory activity can anticipate the effect as an antiallergic agent. In the medical field, there is a strong demand for the development of antiallergic agents useful for the prevention and treatment of various allergic diseases.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel antiallergic agent and a method for producing the same.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors searched for histamine release inhibitors or leukotriene release inhibitors using histamine release inhibitory activity from mast cells or leukotriene release inhibitory activity as an index. As a result, it was discovered that a tomato skin water-containing ethanol extract contains a large amount of an active ingredient for inhibiting histamine release or leukotriene release, thus completing the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to the following agents and methods for producing the same.
(1) A histamine release inhibitor or leukotriene release inhibitor comprising a tomato skin water-containing ethanol extract as an active ingredient.
(2) A method for producing a histamine release inhibitor or leukotriene release inhibitor, characterized by extracting raw tomato peels with hydrous ethanol.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[Antiallergic agent containing tomato extract as an active ingredient]
The antiallergic agent of the present invention comprises a tomato extract as an active ingredient. The tomato extract can be obtained, for example, by extracting raw tomatoes with an appropriate solvent.
The raw material tomatoes to be extracted may be arbitrary parts such as fruits, pericarps and fruit juices in addition to the whole plant of tomatoes. A particularly preferable site is a peel containing a large amount of a component having anti-allergic activity (hereinafter referred to as “anti-allergic active component”). The raw material tomato may be a squeezed rice cake obtained after squeezing the tomato fruit. Juice cake is particularly preferable because it contains a lot of fruit skin. The varieties of raw tomatoes are not particularly limited, and generally available varieties for raw food and processing can be used.
When the raw tomato contains a lot of moisture, it is desirable to use it after drying to improve workability. Specifically, for example, it is preferable to dry at 50 to 150 ° C. for 1 to 24 hours to reduce the water content. Moreover, in order to improve extraction efficiency, it is preferable to use raw tomatoes after being finely ground. The means is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a mortar, a method using a grinding machine such as a Waring blender and a homogenizer. It is preferable to grind raw material tomatoes so that it may be 16 mesh or less.
[0007]
A preferred raw material tomato for extracting the antiallergic active ingredient at a high concentration is a tomato peel or a tomato juice cake dried and then ground.
The solvent used for extraction is not particularly limited as long as it can extract an antiallergic active ingredient, and usual polar solvents, amphoteric solvents, and the like can be used. As the solvent, for example, an organic solvent, a solvent containing an organic solvent, a mixed solution of water and an organic solvent, or the like can be used.
Organic solvents include, for example, lower alcohols (specifically ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol), ethers (specifically diethyl ether), halogenated carbons (specifically chloroform), nitriles (specifically Acetonitrile), esters (specifically ethyl acetate), ketones (acetone) and the like, as well as hexane, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide and the like. From the viewpoint of workability and the like, the organic solvent is preferably ethanol, methanol, or ethyl acetate. Two or more organic solvents may be mixed and used.
From the viewpoint of extraction efficiency of the antiallergic active ingredient, a mixed liquid of water and an organic solvent is particularly preferable as the solvent. The mixing ratio of water and the organic solvent is not limited, but the organic solvent is desirably 20% or more, particularly 40 to 80%.
[0008]
Considering that the tomato extract is finally added to foods, cosmetics, etc., ethanol is particularly preferable as the solvent. In that case, in addition to 100% ethanol, hydrous alcohol, preferably 40 to 90% ethanol solution, particularly preferably 50 to 70% ethanol solution can be used.
The mixing ratio of the raw material tomato and the solvent at the time of extraction is not particularly limited, and is preferably 2 to 10 times by weight of the solvent relative to the raw tomato 1, particularly 5 to 10 times by weight in terms of extraction operation and efficiency. The extraction temperature is conveniently in the range of the boiling point of the solvent at room temperature and normal pressure, and it is particularly preferable to extract while heating and refluxing. When the solvent is 60% ethanol, the extraction temperature is preferably 40 to 70 ° C., and the extraction time is preferably in the range of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
[0009]
In addition, before extracting with the solvent containing an organic solvent, the water-soluble impurities can be removed by extracting the raw tomato with water or hot water. In this case, the soot after water extraction is collected and used for solvent extraction.
By the extraction process, the antiallergic active ingredient is eluted in the solvent. Since an antiallergic active ingredient is efficiently extracted by an organic solvent, particularly a solvent containing alcohol, it is considered that the ingredient is particularly present in the alcohol-soluble ingredient of tomato.
In order to improve the extraction efficiency, the extraction process is preferably repeated a plurality of times. After extraction, suction filtration or the like is performed to recover the solvent containing the tomato extract. Thus, a solution-like tomato extract is obtained. If necessary, the obtained fraction may be further purified with a synthetic adsorbent or an ion exchange resin.
[0010]
The obtained tomato extract can be used as an antiallergic agent in any state including a solvent-containing state, a concentrate thereof, and a dried product obtained by removing the solvent from the extract. However, it is preferable that the tomato extract is in a dry state in terms of storage stability and safety of the organic solvent.
The antiallergic activity of the fraction obtained at each stage of solvent extraction or resin purification operation may be measured using histamine release inhibitory activity from mast cells as an index. The measurement method is described in Example 2.
[0011]
[Antiallergic agent containing tomato peel as an active ingredient]
In another aspect, the antiallergic agent of the present invention is characterized by comprising tomato peel as an active ingredient. This is because the raw tomato peel contains a particularly large amount of antiallergic active ingredients. The inventors separated the tomato juice cake into pericarp and seed, and measured the anti-allergic activity of the same amount of extract obtained. As a result, the antiallergic activity of the fruit skin-derived extract was about 5 to 10 times that of the seed-derived extract.
Therefore, tomato peel is very useful as an antiallergic agent. In this case, the tomato skin is, for example, a dried product of tomato fruit, a product crushed after drying, a squeezed rice cake, a dried product of squeezed rice cake, or a product crushed after drying. The tomato peel is preferably formed into granules, powders, tablets or blocks so that it can be easily used as an antiallergic agent. The antiallergic agent containing tomato peel as an active ingredient may contain other components other than the peel. Examples of other components include a solid carrier, a liquid carrier, an oily carrier, an antiseptic / bactericidal agent, a fragrance, a flavoring agent, and a coloring agent.
The antiallergic agent containing tomato peel as an active ingredient may contain tomato tissues other than the peel, such as pulp and seeds.
[0012]
[Use of the antiallergic agent of the present invention]
The antiallergic agent of the present invention comprises a tomato extract or tomato peel as an active ingredient. As shown in the Examples, the antiallergic agent of the present invention exhibits histamine release inhibitory activity from mast cells and leukotriene release inhibitory activity from macrophages. Therefore, the antiallergic agent of the present invention is useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for various allergic diseases, an anti-inflammatory agent, a histamine release inhibitor, or a leukotriene release inhibitor. Allergic diseases include, for example, allergic rhinitis caused by pollen, ticks and house dust, allergic dermatitis, food allergies to specific foods such as milk and eggs, allergic bronchial asthma, inflammation, etc. is there.
The antiallergic agent of the present invention can be used as it is or added to these products as a pharmaceutical, food or drink or cosmetic having antiallergic activity, antiinflammatory activity, histamine release inhibitory activity or leukotriene release inhibitory activity.
[0013]
1. Pharmaceuticals The antiallergic agent of the present invention can be used as a pharmaceutical product by preparing a tomato extract or tomato peel as it is or by formulating it with a known pharmaceutical carrier. The antiallergic agent of the present invention can be formulated as, for example, oral preparations such as tablets, granules, powders, syrups, and parenteral preparations such as suppositories and external preparations. The pharmaceutical carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include solid carriers (starch, lactose, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.), liquid carriers (distilled water, physiological saline, aqueous glucose solution, ethanol, propylene glycol, etc.), oily carriers (various types). Animal and vegetable oils, white petrolatum, paraffin, etc.).
The above pharmaceutical products can be used for humans and non-human animals (pets, livestock). What is necessary is just to set the dosage of the said medicine suitably according to the symptom, sex, and age of the patient etc. who use it.
[0014]
2. Food / beverage products The antiallergic agent of the present invention can be used as it is as a food / beverage product having antiallergic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, histamine release inhibitory activity or leukotriene release inhibitory activity. Moreover, said activity can be provided to the food / beverage products by adding the antiallergic agent of this invention to food / beverage products, for example, tomato juice or tomato puree.
The food or drink to be added is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include meat products, processed vegetables, side dishes, dairy products, confectionery, bread, soft drinks, fruit drinks, and alcoholic beverages. The mixing ratio of the antiallergic agent of the present invention to food is not particularly limited.
Further, the antiallergic agent of the present invention and other food materials may be mixed and formed into granules, powders, tablets, blocks, or the like to be used as food materials or health foods. Examples of other food materials include saccharides, edible proteins, alcohols, vitamins, thickening polysaccharides, amino acids, calcium salts, pigments, fragrances, preservatives, and the like.
[0015]
3. Cosmetics The antiallergic agent of the present invention can be added to cosmetics and can impart antiallergic activity, antiinflammatory activity, histamine release inhibitory activity or leukotriene release inhibitory activity to the cosmetics. Examples of cosmetics include, but are not limited to, cosmetic lotions, cosmetic creams, emulsions, foundations, lipsticks, hair styling agents, hair tonics, hair restorers, toothpastes, mouthwashes, shampoos, rinses, and the like.
When preparing cosmetics, oils and fats such as vegetable oils, waxes such as lanolin and beeswax, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, higher alcohols, various surfactants, pigments, fragrances, vitamins, plant and animal extract components It can be produced by appropriately blending those used as usual cosmetic raw materials such as ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, preservatives and the like.
[0016]
[Histamine release inhibitor or leukotriene release inhibitor of the present invention]
The histamine release inhibitor or leukotriene release inhibitor of the present invention comprises a tomato extract as an active ingredient. The tomato extract as a histamine release inhibitor or leukotriene release inhibitor can be extracted from raw tomatoes by a method similar to the method described in the above-mentioned antiallergic agent.
The drug is used as it is, or added to pharmaceuticals, foods and drinks, or cosmetics for the prevention and treatment of diseases for which histamine release inhibition or leukotriene release inhibition (also referred to as “leukotriene production inhibition”) is effective. The tomato extract can be added to pharmaceuticals, foods and drinks, or cosmetics according to the procedure described in the above section on antiallergic agents.
【Example】
Below, the manufacturing method of the antiallergic agent of this invention which uses a tomato extract as an active ingredient, the histamine release inhibition test, and the Example regarding manufacture of the pharmaceutical, food-drinks, and cosmetics containing the antiallergic agent of this invention are shown.
[0017]
Example 1: Preparation of tomato extract [Part 1]
(1) 20 g of dried tomato juice cake was pulverized with a mixer, 200 ml of water was added, and water extraction was performed while heating and refluxing at 60 ° C. to remove impurities. Subsequently, the extract was recovered, 200 ml of 60% ethanol was added as a solvent, and the mixture was extracted again while heating and refluxing at 70 ° C. After filtering the obtained extract solution, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and further freeze-dried to obtain 812 mg of tomato extract powder (tomato extract 1).
(2) Using 60% methanol as a solvent, 753 mg of tomato extract powder was obtained in the same manner as (1) above (tomato extract 2).
(3) Using 60% ethyl acetate as a solvent, tomato extract powder 625 mg was obtained in the same manner as in (1) above (tomato extract 3).
[Part 2]
(1) 100 g of tomato paste was centrifuged and the residue was collected. The obtained precipitate was freeze-dried, and then extracted by adding 80 ml of ethanol, and after drying under reduced pressure, 800 mg of extracted powder was obtained (tomato extract 4).
(2) 300 g of raw tomatoes were pulverized with a juice mixer and centrifuged to collect the residue. The obtained residue was freeze-dried and extracted by adding 150 ml of ethanol, and after drying under reduced pressure, 1.94 g of extract was obtained (tomato extract 5).
[0018]
Example 2: Measurement of histamine release inhibitory activity from rat mast cells For tomato extracts 1 to 3, the histamine release inhibitory activity from rat mast cells was measured by the following method. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
[0019]
First, 3 mg of tomato extract was dissolved in 1 ml of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain a sample solution. Next, after lethality of the rats, cells were collected from the peritoneal cavity using heparin-containing mast cell buffer (Biopharmaceutical Science Laboratory 12 Inflammation and Allergy II, Kazuo Ouchi, edited by Yodogawa Shoten, 1993, p. 372). ). After washing, the cell solution was adjusted to 2.0 × 10 5 cells / ml.
80 μl of the cell solution was added to 20 μl of the sample solution and incubated at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes. Next, 20 μl of compound 48/80 (5 μg / ml) was added as a histamine degranulation inducer and incubated for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was once cooled on ice and centrifuged (1,500 × g, 5 minutes, 4 degrees), and histamine released in the supernatant was measured by high performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. The histamine release inhibitory activity was calculated from the measured histamine value using the following calculation formula (1).
[0020]
Histamine release inhibition rate (%) = (1- (SB) / (CB)) × 100 (1)
B: Amount of histamine released from control cells without added inducer
C: The amount of histamine released from cells when an inducer is added
S: The amount of histamine released from cells when an inducer is added in the presence of a test sample.
[Table 1]
[0022]
As is clear from the results in Table 1, the tomato extract had a very high histamine release inhibitory activity. Moreover, the activity was stronger than ketotifen fumarate, which is a known antiallergic agent. From the above, it was shown that the tomato extract is useful as an antiallergic agent.
[0023]
Example 3 With respect to the tomato extract 1 obtained in Example 1, the leukotriene release inhibitory activity from rat macrophages was measured by the following method, and the results are shown in Table 2. In this measurement system, the leukotrienes as an index, and a leukotriene B 4. Soluble starch (Wako, first grade) and bactopeptone (DIFCO) were suspended in physiological saline (0.9% NaCl, Otsuka Pharmaceutical) to 5% each. The mixture was sterilized with an autoclave (121 ° C., 20 minutes) and then cooled to room temperature. Rats under ether anesthesia were intraperitoneally administered 5 mL per 100 g body weight (using 21G needle).
Four days later, the carotid artery of an anesthetized rat was cut and exsanguinated. After thorough bleeding, the rats were sprayed with ethanol and placed on a clean bench. 25 mL of CMF-HBSS (Ca, Mg free HBSS) was administered intraperitoneally, and the abdomen was often swallowed. The rat abdomen was opened using a sterilized instrument, and the intraperitoneal solution was collected. The collected solution was filtered using three layers of gauze. The peritoneal cavity was washed again with 25 mL of CMF-HBSS (Ca, Mg free HBSS) and collected in the same manner. The collected cells were washed three times with ice-cold 0.1% BSA-PBS, and the cells were suspended in 10% FBS-RPMI1640 medium, and placed in a 6 cm petri dish so that it would become 4.5 x 10 6 cells / 3 mL / dish, 5% The cells were cultured for 2 hours in a 37 ° C. incubator with CO 2 . Thereafter, the supernatant was discarded, the inside of the petri dish was washed three times with PBS to wash away non-adherent cells, and the cells attached to the petri dish were used as macrophages. After pre-incubation in 1% FBS-RPMI1640 medium for 20 minutes, zymosan opsonized with rat serum was added, and the cells were cultured in a 37% incubator at 5% CO 2 for a certain period of time. The sample was added 30 minutes before adding zymosan. After completion of the culture, the culture supernatant was collected and the amount of LTB 4 in the supernatant was measured using an ELISA kit (Leukotriene B 4 EIA Kit Cayman). The leukotriene B 4 release inhibitory activity was calculated from the measured leukotriene B 4 value using the following formula (2).
Leukotriene B 4 release inhibition rate (%) = (1- (SB) / (CB)) × 100 (2)
B: amount of leukotriene B 4 released from control cells with no inducer added
C: The amount of leukotriene B 4 released from cells when an inducer is added
S: amount of leukotriene B 4 released from cells when an inducer is added in the presence of a test sample.
[Table 2]
As is clear from Table 2, tomato extract 1 suppressed the release of leukotriene B 4 from cells in a dose-dependent manner.
Example 4: Evaluation of anaphylaxis inhibitory action in mouse auricular edema model The tomato extract 1 obtained in Example 1 was measured for anaphylaxis inhibitory activity by the following method. The results are shown in Table 3.
The mice were C3H / Hecrj weighing 15-20 g, 7 weeks old, and 5 females per group. A suspension of tomato extract 1 in a 0.5% CMC-Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) solution was administered as a sample solution, and 0.5% CMC-Na was administered as a control. The dose of tomato extract 1 was 4 mg, 0.8 mg, and 0.16 mg per kg body weight. The sample was administered 6 times over 5 days, and the measurement was performed on the 5th day. From day 1 to day 4, it was administered once a day, and on the 5th day, samples were orally administered twice 4 hours before and 30 minutes after administration of the anti-TNP-IgE solution.
[0026]
0.2 ml of 1% anti-TNP-IgE solution was administered from the fundus vein, and the sample solution was orally administered 30 minutes later. After 30 minutes, the thickness of the left and right ears was measured. Immediately after this, 10 μl of each ear was added with 0.8% acetone / olive oil (1: 1) solution of picryl chloride. Two hours after application, the thickness of the left and right ears of the mouse was measured, and the difference in ear thickness before and after application was defined as edema due to anaphylaxis. Significant difference was tested by Student's T test.
[0027]
[Table 3]
**: p <0.01 (significant difference from picric chloride sensitized control group)
*: p <0.05 (significant difference from picric chloride sensitized control group)
As is clear from the results in Table 3, tomato extract 1 exhibited an anaphylaxis-inhibiting action in a dose-dependent manner. It was further shown that the tomato extract is useful as an antiallergic agent.
[0028]
Example 5: Drug containing the antiallergic agent of the present invention (1) The same amount of lactose and 5 g of magnesium stearate were mixed with the tomato extract 1 (100 g) of Example 1 and this mixture was mixed into a single-punch tablet press. To produce tablets with a diameter of 10 mm and a weight of 300 mg.
(2) The tablets obtained in (1) above were pulverized, sized, and sieved to obtain 20-50 mesh granules.
[0029]
Example 6: Food and beverage containing the antiallergic agent of the present invention (1) A candy having the following composition (parts by weight) was produced.
Sugar (47.0), starch syrup (49.76), flavor (1.0), water (2.0), tomato extract 1 (0.24).
(2) A tomato juice having the following composition (parts by weight) was produced.
Commercial tomato juice (99) and tomato extract 1 (1.0) were mixed.
(3) A juice having the following composition (parts by weight) was produced.
Concentrated Unshu mandarin orange juice (5), fructose glucose liquid sugar (11), citric acid (0.2), L-ascorbic acid (0.02), tomato extract 1 (1.0) and water to make 100 .
[0030]
Example 7 Cosmetic (1) containing the antiallergic agent of the present invention (1) A toothpaste having the following composition (parts by weight) was produced.
Dicalcium phosphate (42), glycerin (18), carrageenan (0.9), sodium lauryl sulfate (1.2), sodium saccharin (0.09), butyl paraoxybenzoate (0.005), tomato extract 1 ( 1.0), fragrance (1), and water were added to make 100.
(2) A lotion having the following composition (parts by weight) was produced.
Glycerin (5.0), propylene glycol (4.0), tomato extract (0.5), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (2.0), ethanol (10.0), flavor (0.1) Purified water was added to make 100.
(3) A hair rinse having the following composition (parts by weight) was produced.
Stearyldimethyl chloride (1.4), benzylammonium stearyl alcohol (0.6), glycerol monostearate (1.5), salt (0.1), tomato extract 1 (0.5), and purified water were added. 100.
Example 8: Cytotoxicity test Tomato extract 1 was suspended in pure water so as to have various concentrations to obtain a sample solution. Next, 20 μl of the sample solution was added to 80 μl of a cell solution (1-2 × 10 6 cells / ml) prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, and the mixture was cultured at 37 ° C.
After 0, 10, 20, 60 and 120 minutes from the start of the culture, 10 μl each was taken out and added to 20 μl of 0.4% trypan blue solution prepared in advance. Cells stained with the blue dye were determined to be dead cells, the number of cells was measured under a microscope using a hemocytometer, and cell viability (ratio of the number of living cells to the total number of cells) and the number of living cells were measured.
As a result, the tomato extract did not show cytotoxicity at a concentration showing histamine release inhibitory activity or leukotriene release inhibitory activity.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention provides the following (1) to (4) and methods.
(1) Antiallergic agent containing tomato extract as an active ingredient, (2) Histamine release inhibitor or leukotriene release inhibitor containing tomato extract as an active ingredient, (3) Antiallergic agent containing tomato peel as an active ingredient (4) A method for producing an antiallergic agent, wherein raw tomatoes are extracted with a solvent.
Since tomato extract exhibits excellent histamine release inhibitory activity and leukotriene release inhibitory activity, it is also known as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for various allergic diseases, anti-inflammatory agents, histamine release inhibitor or leukotriene release inhibitory (also called “leukotriene production inhibitory”). It is useful as an agent. Moreover, the antiallergic agent of this invention can be used not only as a pharmaceutical but also as a food and drink and a cosmetic.
As raw material tomatoes to be extracted, tomato peels or tomato juice lees can be used. These are wastes generated in large quantities at food processing sites such as tomato juice and ketchup. The present invention is very useful in the sense of effectively using industrial waste.
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JP4334189B2 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2009-09-30 | カゴメ株式会社 | AGE production inhibitor |
JP2007204386A (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-16 | Kagome Co Ltd | Asthma attack preventive |
IL176668A0 (en) * | 2006-07-02 | 2006-10-31 | Ibr Ltd | Colorless carotenoids for skin whitening |
JP4947034B2 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2012-06-06 | Jnc株式会社 | Polylysine preparation and cosmetic composition containing the same |
JP5728726B2 (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2015-06-03 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | Lifestyle-related disease improving agent containing tomato extract |
KR101368987B1 (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2014-03-05 | 세원셀론텍(주) | cultivating method for mass production of tomato callus, and preparing method of extracts of tomato callus |
NL2009317C2 (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2014-02-18 | Invent 4 You B V | Mutant tomatoes and use thereof for preventing weight gain and/or treating obesity-related conditions. |
JP6392043B2 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2018-09-19 | キッコーマン株式会社 | Method for improving taste of tomato-containing foods and drinks |
JP7538530B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2024-08-22 | 再生ファーマ株式会社 | Inhibitor of inflammatory cytokine production |
US20210330710A1 (en) | 2018-09-05 | 2021-10-28 | Saisei Pharma Co., Ltd. | Inflammatory cytokine production inhibitor |
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