JP4159988B2 - N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3h−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1h−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのリンゴ酸塩を含む結晶、その製法およびその組成物 - Google Patents
N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3h−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1h−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのリンゴ酸塩を含む結晶、その製法およびその組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4159988B2 JP4159988B2 JP2003521228A JP2003521228A JP4159988B2 JP 4159988 B2 JP4159988 B2 JP 4159988B2 JP 2003521228 A JP2003521228 A JP 2003521228A JP 2003521228 A JP2003521228 A JP 2003521228A JP 4159988 B2 JP4159988 B2 JP 4159988B2
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- Prior art keywords
- crystals
- pyrrole
- ylidene
- diethylamino
- dihydro
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Description
本発明は結晶およびその組成物に関し、ここに、該結晶はN−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのリンゴ酸塩を含む。また、本発明はそのような結晶の製法にも関する。
PKは、蛋白質のチロシン、セリンおよびスレオニン残基上のヒドロキシ基のリン酸化を触媒する酵素である。この見かけ上単純な活性の結果は膨大である;細胞の成長、分化および増殖、すなわち、細胞の生命の実質的に全ての態様はPKの活性に依存する。さらに、異常な活性は、乾癬のごとき比較的生命を脅かさない病気から膠芽腫(脳癌)のごとき極端に悪性な病気の範囲の障害を持つ宿主に関連付けられてきた。PKは便宜には2つのクラス、プロテインチロシンキナーゼ(PTK)およびセリン−スレオニンキナーゼ(STK)に分けることができる。
1つの態様において、本発明は構造式:
本明細書中で用いる「過飽和比」とは、結晶化温度における飽和溶液中での物質の濃度に対する溶液中の物質の濃度の比率を言う。
本明細書中で用いる「シード添加」とは「種子」結晶を結晶化溶液に加えて結晶の形成を促進する技術を言う。好ましくは種子結晶の組成は形成されるべき結晶の組成と同一である。
N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドは、以下の構造式:
1つの具体例において、N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのリンゴ酸塩は無水結晶として調製された(例えば結晶形態I)。無水結晶形態Iは他の結晶形態(例えば結晶形態II)よりも熱力学的に安定である。1つの方法において、結晶形態Iは、過飽和溶液からの結晶形態Iの結晶化条件下でのリンゴ酸塩の結晶化を誘導することによって調製することができる。
そのような溶媒は、例えば、アセトニトリル、エタノール、メタノールおよびその組合せを含む。
もう1つの具体例において、N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのリンゴ酸塩はもう1つの結晶形態(例えば結晶形態II)で調製された。結晶形態IIは、例えば、無水結晶形態Iの調製における中間体として有用である。
本明細書中で用いる「結晶形態IIの結晶化条件」とは、熱力学的形態以外の結晶形態を供する結晶化条件をいう。そのような条件は、通常、「迅速な」結晶化条件である。当業者であれば、例えば、結晶形態IIの結晶化条件を供するための、好ましくは少なくとも約25℃、より好ましくは少なくとも約50℃、最も好ましくは少なくとも約100℃の結晶化溶液の初期および最終温度の差;好ましくは1時間当たり少なくとも約25℃、より好ましくは1時間当たり少なくとも約100℃、最も好ましくは1時間当たり少なくとも約300℃の冷却速度;シード添加;好ましくは少なくとも約2、より好ましくは少なくとも約5、最も好ましくは少なくとも約10の過飽和比;沈殿剤の存在;および/またはその組合せを含めた1以上の因子を選択することができる。
結晶化溶液のための有用な溶媒は、例えば、メタノール、水、テトラヒドロフラン/水混合液、およびその組合せを含む。
結晶性有機化合物は、3次元空間に周期的アレイで配置された多数の原子よりなる。構造周期性は、通常は、ほとんどの分光学的プローブ(例えば、X−線回折、赤外および固体状態NMR)による鋭い明示的なスペクトル特徴のごとき区別される物理的特性を発現する。X−線回折(XRD)は、固体の結晶性を測定するための最も感度の良い方法のうちの1つであると認められている。結晶は、ブラッグ則によって予測されるごとく、格子面間隔に合致する特定の角度に生起する明示的回折最大を生じる。対照的に、非晶質物質は長い範囲の秩序は保有しない。それは、しばしば、液体状態におけるごとく、分子の間にさらなる容量を保持する。非晶質固体は、通常は、反復する結晶格子の長い範囲の秩序の不存在のため、広い散漫なハローを伴う特徴のないXRDパターンを明らかにする。
N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのリンゴ酸塩の結晶形態Iの純度は、高圧液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)によって評価した。結果は、約98面積%の純度を示し、約2面積%未満の不純物が検出された(表2)。
N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのL−リンゴ酸塩の結晶形態IおよびIIについての25℃の水分収着データを図3に示す。より結晶性の多形結晶形態Iは低い吸湿性であり、0ないし90%相対湿度の範囲にわたって0.5%未満の水を吸収する。結晶性の低い多形の結晶形態IIは非常に吸湿性であり、0ないし90%の相対湿度の範囲にわたって15%を超える水を吸収する。
示差走査熱量測定データを図4に示す。N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのL−リンゴ酸塩の無水結晶形態Iは、約196℃で融解し、他方、結晶形態IIは約181℃で融解する。初期融解後に観測される事象は、おそらくは融解に伴ってある程度の分解があることを示唆する。したがって、正確な融解熱は容易には測定できないであろう。
結晶形態IについてのTGAデータ(示さず)は、融点に至るまで有意な重量喪失は示さず、結晶中の残存する溶媒および/または水の欠如を示す。
本発明の結晶はそれ自体でヒト患者に投与することができるか、または、前記した結晶を適当な担体または賦形剤と混合した医薬組成物にて投与することができる。薬物の処方および投与のための技術は、「Remington's Pharmacological Sciences」 Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA.最新版に見出すことができる。
本明細書中で用いる「投与する」または「投与」とは、本発明の結晶またはその医薬組成物を、PK−関連障害の予防または治療を目的として生物に送達することを言う。
別法として、本発明の結晶またはその医薬組成物は、しばしば、デポまたは徐放処方にて、本発明の結晶またはその医薬組成物の直接的固体腫瘍への注射を介して全身投与よりはむしろ局所投与にて投与することができる。
本発明の医薬組成物は、当該分野でよく知られた製法によって、例えば、慣用的な混合、溶解、顆粒化、糖衣−作成、粉末化、乳化、カプセル化、包括、凍結乾燥プロセスによって製造することができる。
前記した処方に加え、本発明の結晶またはその医薬組成物は、デポ製剤として処方することもできる。
本発明で用いるのに適した医薬組成物は、有効成分が、意図した目的、例えば、PK活性の延長またはPK−関連障害の治療また予防を達成するのに十分な量に有効成分が含まれる組成物を含む。
投与される組成物の量は、もちろん、治療すべき対象、病気の重症度、投与の様式、主治医の判断に依存するであろう。
X−線回折(XRD)パターンは、θ−θゴニオメーターを備えたScintag X2ディフラクトメーター(Thermo ARL, Ecublens,スイス国)で測定した。融点は、標準的な波形パンを備えたTA Instruments 2920示差走査熱量測定器(TA Instruments, New Castle, DE)および10℃/分の加熱速度を用いて測定した。吸湿性は、制御された雰囲気のマイクロ天秤(Pharmacia Corp., Kalamazoo, MI)を用いて動的水分収着重量測定(DMSG)によって評価した。用いた全ての化学薬品は、特に示さない限り、Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WAから入手可能である。N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドは、PCT国際公開番号WO 01/60814(Tangら)の実施例80に記載されたのと同様な手法によって遊離塩基として調製した。
粉末X−線回折(XRD)。粉末X−線回折は、Scintag DMS/NT 1.30aおよびMicrosoft Windows NT 4.0ソフトウェア下で作動するScintag X2最新回折システムを用いて行った。該システムは45kVおよび40MAに維持してCuK(1.5406Åのα1発光)を供する銅X−線源および固体状態のペルチエ冷却したディテクターを用いる。ビーム開口は、2および4mmの管発散および抗−散乱スリットおよび0.5および0.2mm幅のディテクター抗−散乱および受光スリットを用いて制御した。データは、段階カウント時間当たり1秒にて0.03°/点の段階スキャンを用いて2ないし35°2−θで収集した。12mm直径のインサートを備えたScintagの丸い頂部負荷ステンレス鋼試料カップを実験で用いた。バルク薬物はそのままサンプリングし、いずれの調製もなくして試料トレイに入れた。いくらかの特定の試料は、それを実行する前に乳鉢および乳棒にて手で粉砕した。データの解析はOrigin 6.0(Microcal Software, Northampton MA)を用いて完了した。
示唆走査熱量測定(BSC)データは、粉末化試料を波形としてアルミニウムDSCパンに入れることによって得た。試料は受光しつつ走査し、サイズは約1mgであった。温度は、典型的には1分あたり10℃のスキャン速度にて320℃までスキャンした。DSCはTA instrument 2920熱量測定器であった。用いたデータ回折ソフトウェアはTAのUniversal Analysis V 1.1 OBであった。
N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのL−リンゴ酸塩の無水結晶形態Iの調製
N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのL−リンゴ酸塩25mg)の結晶形態Iの結晶をテトラヒドロフラン(2mL)に添加し、続いて、水(250マイクロリットル)を添加した。混合物を加熱して結晶を溶解させた。溶媒を一晩蒸発させて結晶形態IIの結晶が得られた。
アセトニトリル(5mL)を結晶形態II(150mg)に添加した。スラリーを撹拌し、約10分間加熱した。スラリーを室温まで冷却しつつ、撹拌を継続した。結晶を濾過し、乾燥した結果、結晶形態Iの結晶が得られた。
N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのL−リンゴ酸塩の結晶形態Iの溶解度は、25℃において水中5mg/mLと測定された。これは、溶解度は、該物質の生物学的利用性において限定因子ではあるはずのないことを示す。
Claims (9)
- N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのリンゴ酸塩を含む結晶であって、該結晶が粉末X−線回折パターンにおいて約13.2および24.2度2θにおいて特徴的な回折ピークを有する該結晶。
- 粉末X−線回折パターンにおいて約13.2、19.4、24.2および25.5度2θにおいて特徴的な回折ピークを有する請求項1記載の結晶。
- 粉末X−線回折パターンにおいて約11.4、11.9、13.2、15.9、16.8、17.2、19.4、20.3、21.3、21.7、22.1、22.9、24.2、25.5、26.1、27.0、27.6、32.3、32.9および34.4度2θにおいて特徴的な回折ピークを有する請求項2記載の結晶。
- 0.5重量%未満の水を含む請求項3記載の結晶。
- N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのリンゴ酸塩を含む結晶であって、該結晶は粉末X−線回折パターンにおいて約3.0および27.7度2θにおいて特徴的な回折ピークを有する該結晶。
- 粉末X−線回折パターンにおいて約3.0、12.1、14.5および27.7度2θにおいて特徴的な回折ピークを有する請求項5記載の結晶。
- 粉末X−線回折パターンにおいて約3.0、5.9、7.6、9.3、12.1、14.5、17.5、19.5、23.4、24.8および27.7度2θにおいて特徴的な回折ピークを有する請求項6記載の結晶。
- N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのリンゴ酸塩を含む結晶を含み、該結晶が粉末X−線回折パターンにおいて約13.2および24.2度2θにおいて特徴的な回折ピークを有する組成物。
- N−[2−(ジエチルアミノ)エチル]−5−[(5−フルオロ−1,2−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−3H−インドール−3−イリデン)メチル]−2,4−ジメチル−1H−ピロール−3−カルボキシアミドのリンゴ酸塩を含む結晶を含み、ここに、該結晶が粉末X−線回折パターンにおいて約3.0および27.7度2θにおいて特徴的な回折ピークを有する組成物。
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