JP4033502B2 - Ribozymes, liposome preparations and uses thereof - Google Patents
Ribozymes, liposome preparations and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4033502B2 JP4033502B2 JP02287996A JP2287996A JP4033502B2 JP 4033502 B2 JP4033502 B2 JP 4033502B2 JP 02287996 A JP02287996 A JP 02287996A JP 2287996 A JP2287996 A JP 2287996A JP 4033502 B2 JP4033502 B2 JP 4033502B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ribozyme
- apoprotein
- liposome
- ribozymes
- preparation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、新規なリボザイム、リポソーム製剤及びその用途に関する。詳細には、アポ(apo)蛋白(a)のリボザイム、リボザイムを含有するリポソーム製剤、リボザイムを含有する動脈硬化症又は高リポ蛋白質血症の治療及び/又は予防のための使用、治療剤及び/又は予防剤ならびに治療方法及び/又は予防方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
リポ蛋白質(a)(以下Lp(a)と称する。)はその中心にLDL(低密度リポ蛋白質)をもち、その周囲にアポ蛋白(a)と呼ばれる糖蛋白質がジスルフィド結合により、apo B−100と呼ばれる蛋白質と結合した高分子複合体である。Lp(a)の血中濃度の上昇が虚血性心疾患や脳梗塞等の動脈硬化性疾患と密接に結びついていることは、数多くの疫学調査により報告されている。アポ蛋白(a)の発現を抑え、Lp(a)の血中濃度を下げることにより、これらの疾患の治療又は予防につながると考えられている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
1987年に、アポ蛋白(a)のcDNAの塩基配列が決定され、その結果、アポ蛋白(a)が、血栓溶解に重要なプラスミノーゲンのcDNAと高い相同性を有することが明らかになった。従って、アンチセンス技術を用いたアポ蛋白(a)の抑制は困難が予測され、有効な手段が存在しなかった。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
これらの課題を解決するために、本発明者等は、アポ蛋白(a)を産生する細胞に、アポ蛋白(a)のmRNAを切断するリボザイムを含有する製剤を投与することにより、アポ蛋白(a)の発現を抑制できることを見出した。
【0005】
一方、リボザイムを生体内で効率良く働かせるために、ウイルスベクターを用いてリボザイムを細胞内へ導入する方法が採られていたが、あまり有効ではなかった。本発明者等は、リボザイムをリポソーム製剤で投与することにより、効果的に細胞内でリボザイムを働かせることができることをも見出し、本発明を完成するに至ったものである。
【0006】
本発明のリポソーム製剤で用いられるリボザイムはどのようなものでもよい。例えば選択された特定の遺伝子の過剰発現を予防及び/又は治療するために用いる場合には、該遺伝子から転写されたmRNAを分解するものであればよく、具体的にはアポ蛋白(a)の発現抑制には、アポ蛋白(a)のmRNAを切断できるものであればどのようなものでも良い。
【0007】
このようなリボザイムとしては、上記mRNAを分解するように設計されたハンマーヘッド型リボザイム、ヘアピン型リボザイム等が挙げられる。ハンマーヘッド型リボザイムとしては、例えばジャガイモやせいも病ウイロイド、アボガドサンブロッチウイロイド等のウイロイドに含まれるリボザイム、アルファルファ条斑ウイルス、ベルベットタバコ斑紋ウイルス等のウイソイドに含まれるリボザイムが挙げられる。
【0008】
これらのリボザイムを例えば、アポ蛋白(a)に特異的にデザインし、核酸合成機等を用いることにより製造することができる。リボザイムは通常RNAで構成されるが、その安定化のためにDNA、核酸修飾体、擬核酸を含むものであってもよく、またリボザイムであるオリゴヌクレオチドの一部又は全部が、リン酸ジエステル結合部の酸素原子をイオウ原子で置換したチオリン酸ジエステル結合をもつオリゴヌクレオチド(S−オリゴ)、又はリン酸ジエステル結合を電荷をもたないメチルホスフェート基で置換したオリゴヌクレオチド等の生体内で分解を受けにくくするために改変されたオリゴヌクレオチドが含まれていてもよい。
【0009】
本発明で用いられる好ましいリボザイムとしては、アポ蛋白(a)のmRNAを特異的に切断できるが、プラスミノーゲンのmRNAを切断できないものが挙げられる。このようなリボザイム、例えばハンマーヘッド型リボザイムは、以下のようにして作成することができる。
【0010】
アポ蛋白(a)のmRNAにおいて、ハンマーヘッド型リボザイムの特異的切断部位であるGUX(Xは任意のヌクレオチド)部位を検索する。さらに、その特異的切断部位を含む周辺の配列が、プラスミノーゲンのmRNAに類似の配列を持たない配列、又は少なくともプラスミノーゲンのmRNAに特異的切断部位GUXを持たない配列を検索し、その配列を特異的に切断するようにリボザイムをデザインする。その配列は、アポ蛋白(a)のmRNAの5’末端付近(約200塩基)から選ばれるのが好ましく、またアポ蛋白(a)のmRNAが二次構造を取るとき、一本鎖になる部分に特異的切断部位GUXが存在するような配列から選ばれるのが好ましい。その具体的な例としては、一般式(1)で表されるRNA鎖又はその類似体であるところのリボザイムが挙げられる。
【0011】
【化3】
【0012】
〔式中、Xは任意のヌクレオチドを表し、Xn及びXmは任意のオリゴヌクレオチドで形成され、一緒になってステムループを形成し、3'- (Y)CA(Z)-5' でアポ蛋白(a)のmRNAの相補配列となり、(Y)及び(Z)は3塩基以上のヌクレオチドである。〕
【0013】
好ましいリボザイムとしては、一般式(2)で表されるRNA鎖又はその類似体であるところのリボザイムが挙げられる。
【0014】
【化4】
【0015】
〔式中、Xは任意のヌクレオチドを表し、Xn及びXmは任意のオリゴヌクレオチドで形成され、一緒になってステムループを形成する。〕
【0016】
本発明で用いられるリボザイムの製造方法としては、遺伝子工学で一般的に用いられる核酸合成法を用いることができる。例えば、DNA合成装置を用いて目的のリボザイムを直接合成してもよいし、また少量のリボザイム、又は当該リボザイムを含む核酸もしくは当該核酸の一部を合成した後、PCR法又はクローニングベクター等を用いて核酸を増幅してもよい。
【0017】
さらに、これらの方法により得られた核酸を、制限酵素等を用いて切断し、あるいはDNAリガーゼ等を用いて結合するなどして、目的とする核酸を製造してもよい。また、さらに細胞内でより安定なリボザイムを得るために、核酸の塩基、糖、リン酸部分に例えばアルキル化、アシル化等の化学修飾を施してもよい。
【0018】
リボザイムを主成分として含有する本発明の製剤は、通常は血管内に投与されるが、主薬であるリボザイムが目的の組織に取り込まれるような製剤であれば特に限定されるものではなく、経口投与、他の非経口投与、外用の形で投与してもよい。さらに、リボザイムの効果をあげるために、フッシリティター等を使用することもできる。
【0019】
本発明の製剤は、溶液、懸濁液、シロップ、リポソーム製剤、乳剤、シロップ等の液体の投与形態であってもよいし、錠剤、顆粒剤、粉末剤、カプセル剤等の固形の投与形態であってもよい。必要に応じ、上記製剤には、各種助剤、安定剤、潤滑剤、その他一般に使用される添加剤、例えば乳糖、クエン酸、酒石酸、ステアリン酸、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、白陶土、蔗糖、コーンスターチ、タルク、ゼラチン、寒天、ペクチン、落下生油、オリーブ油、カカオバター、エチレングリコール等が添加され得る。
【0020】
リボザイムを含有する製剤としては、一般に用いられている遺伝子導入法で用いられる形態による製剤が好ましい。例えばセンダイウイルス等を用いた膜融合リポソーム製剤、エンドサイトーシスを利用するリポソーム製剤等のリポソーム製剤、リポフェクトアミン(ライフテックオリエンタル社製)等のカチオン性脂質を含有する製剤、又はレトロウイルスベクター、アデノウイルスベクター等を用いるウイルス製剤を用いるのが有利であり、特に膜融合リポソーム製剤が好ましい。
【0021】
リポソーム製剤は、そのリポソームの構造体が、大きな一枚膜リポソーム(LUV)、多重層リポソーム(MLV)、小さな一枚膜リポソーム(SUV)のいずれであってもよい。その大きさも、LUVでは200nmから1000nm、MLVでは400nmから3500nm、SUVでは20nmから50nm程度の粒子径を取り得るが、センダイウイルス等を用いる膜融合リポソーム製剤の場合は、粒子径200nmから1000nmのMLVを用いるのが好ましい。
【0022】
リポソームの製造方法は、リボザイムが保持されるものであれば特に限定されることなく用いられ、慣用の方法、例えば逆相蒸発法(Szoka,F.,et al:Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Vol.601 559(1980))、エーテル注入法(Deamer, D. W. :Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol.308 250(1978) )、界面活性剤法(Brunner, J., et al: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Vol.455 322(1976) )等が用いられ得る。
【0023】
リポソーム構造を形成するための脂質としては、リン脂質、コレステロール類、窒素脂質等が用いられるが、一般的にはリン脂質が好適である。具体的には、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジン酸、カルジオリピン、スフィンゴミエリン、卵黄レシチン、大豆レシチン、リゾレシチン等の天然リン脂質、あるいはこれらを常法によって水素添加したものの他、ジセチルホスフェート、ジステアロイルホスファチジルコリン、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルコリン、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルセリン、エレオステアロイルホスファチジルコリン、エレオステアロイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、エレオステアロイルホスファチジルセリン等の合成リン脂質が挙げられる。
【0024】
これらのリン脂質を含む脂質は単独で用いることもできるが、二種以上を併用することも可能である。このとき、エタノールアミンやコリン等の陽性基を有する原子団を分子内に持つ脂質を用いることにより、電気的に陰性なリボザイムの結合率を増加させることもできる。これらリポソーム形成時の主要なリン脂質の他に、一般にリポソーム形成用添加剤として知られるコレステロール、ステアリルアミン、α−トコフェロール等の添加剤を用いることもできる。
【0025】
このようにして得られるリポソーム製剤は、患部の細胞内又は目的とする組織の細胞内への取り込みを促進するために、膜融合促進物質、例えばセンダイウイルス、不活化センダイウイルス、センダイウイルスより精製された膜融合促進蛋白質、ポリエチレングリコール等が加えられていてもよい。
【0026】
リポソーム製剤の製造法の例を具体的に説明すると、例えば前記したリン脂質等のリポソーム形成物質とリポソーム形成用添加剤としてのコレステロール等と共に、テトラヒドロフラン、クロロホルム、エタノール等の有機溶媒に溶解し、これを適当な容器に入れて減圧下に溶媒を留去して容器内面にリポソーム形成物質の膜を形成する。これにリボザイムを含有する緩衝液を加えて攪拌し、得られたリポソームにさらに所望により前記した膜融合促進物質を加えた後、リポソームを単離する。
【0027】
このようにして得られるリボザイムを含有するリポソーム製剤は、適当な溶媒中に懸濁させるか、あるいは一旦凍結乾燥したものを適当な溶媒に再分散させて治療に用いることができる。
【0028】
リボザイムを主成分として含有する製剤における、リボザイムの含有割合は、適用疾患、適用部位、投与形態及び投与方法に応じて、種々設定することができるが、通常0.01%から100%、好ましくは0.01%から10%である。
【0029】
リボザイムを主成分として含有する製剤の投与方法は、疾患の種類、使用するリボザイムの種類等により適宜選択することができる。かかる製剤中におけるリボザイムとしての投与量は、年齢、その他患者の条件、疾病の種類、使用するリボザイムの種類等により適宜選択されるが、例えば血液内投与、筋肉内投与、関節内投与等では、一般には1回あたり10から10,000nmoleを1日1から数回投与することができる。
【0030】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の実施例及び実験例を示すことにより、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
【0031】
〔実施例1:リボザイムの製造〕
アポ蛋白(a)のmRNAの5’末端周辺の二次構造を予測し、切断部位となる構造がGTH(HはC、U又はA)であり、ループアウトしている120番、151番、164番付近をターゲットとするリボザイム(配列表の配列番号1〜3、下記の式(3)〜(5)参照)を設計した。
【0032】
【化5】
【0033】
【化6】
【0034】
【化7】
【0035】
これらの設計に従い、DNA−RNA合成機を用いて合成した。但し、式(3)〜(5)において、下線部はSオリゴDNA(UのかわりにTを用いた)を用い、それ以外はRNAを用いて合成した。
【0036】
〔実施例2:リポソーム製剤の製造〕
フォスファチジルセリン、フォスファチジルコリン及びコレステロール(重量比1:4.8:2、合計10mg)をテトラヒドロフランに溶解させて三つの脂質溶液を得た。ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて、これら脂質溶液からテトラヒドロフランを留去し、脂質をフラスコ内表面にそれぞれ付着させた。
【0037】
これら各フラスコに、実施例1で得られた各リボザイム(各10nmol)を含む三つの生理食塩水(BSS;139mM のNaCl, 5.4mM のKCl, 10mM のTris-HCl, pH 7.6) 200 μl をそれぞれ加え、常法により攪拌及び超音波処理して、リボザイムを含むリポソーム懸濁液をそれぞれ調製した。得られた各リポソーム懸濁液(0.5ml, 10mg の脂質を含有する。)に、精製したセンダイウイルス(Z株:10000 hemaglutinating units )を混合し、BSSでそれぞれ合計4mlとした。なお、センダイウイルスは、使用する3分前にUV照射(110erg/mm2 /sec)により不活化した。
【0038】
各混合物を4℃で5分間保持した後、37℃で穏やかに30分間振とうした。スクロース密度勾配遠心により、リポソームに結合していないセンダイウイルスを除いた後、最上層を採取し、BSSで濃度を調節して、1μMのリボザイムが封入されたリポソーム製剤をそれぞれ得た。
【0039】
また、同様にヒトアポ蛋白(a)遺伝子(200μg)を用い、上記の方法と同様にしてヒトアポ蛋白(a)遺伝子を封入したリポソーム製剤を得た。
【0040】
〔実験例〕
マウス培養肝細胞に、実施例2で得られたヒトアポ蛋白(a)遺伝子封入リボソーム単独、又は式(4)の構造を持つリボザイムを封入したリポソーム及びヒトアポ蛋白(a)遺伝子封入リポソームの混合物を添加し、4℃で10分間、その後37℃で30分間インキュベートした後、3日後に上清の中のリポ蛋白(a)、アポ蛋白(a)及びプラスミノーゲンを測定した。結果は、表1に示すようにリボザイムの投与により、プラスミノーゲン発現は変化なく、ヒトアポ蛋白(a)遺伝子封入リポソーム単独の場合よりも、アポ蛋白(a)の発現・産生のみが抑制された。発現・産生量は培養上清をそれぞれに対するモノクローナル抗体を用いて測定した。表1中の数値の単位はmg/dlである。
【0041】
【表1】
【0042】
また、アポ蛋白(a)遺伝子の導入された培養肝細胞培地の血管平滑筋細胞への添加により細胞増殖は抑制された。アポ蛋白(a)遺伝子の導入されたマウス肝臓においても、リボザイムはアポ蛋白(a)遺伝子発現を抑制した。
【0043】
アポ蛋白(a)に対するリボザイムがプラスミノーゲンに影響を与えることなく、選択的にアポ蛋白(a)のみを抑制することが示され、動脈硬化、特に高リポ蛋白(a)血症に有効であると考えられる。
【0044】
【発明の効果】
本発明のリポソーム製剤は、リボザイムを含有するものであるから、効果的に細胞内でリボザイムを働かせることができる。特にリポソームがセンダイウイルス又はその処理物で処理されたものは、患部の細胞内又は目的とする組織の細胞内への取り込みが促進される。
【0045】
本発明のリポソーム製剤において、リボザイムが特定の遺伝子から転写されたmRNAを特異的に分解するものであれば、当該遺伝子に起因する疾患等を予防及び/又は治療することが可能となる。例えば、リボザイムがアポ蛋白(a)のmRNAを分解するリボザイムであれば、動脈硬化症や高リポ蛋白質(a)血症の予防及び/又は治療が可能となる。
【0046】
本発明のリボザイムは、アポ蛋白(a)のmRNAを分解するリボザイムであり、血栓溶解に重要なプラスミノーゲンに影響を与えることなく、選択的にアポ蛋白(a)のみを抑制できるから、当該リボザイムを含有する製剤、特にリポソーム製剤は、動脈硬化症や高リポ蛋白質(a)血症の予防及び/又は治療に有効である。
【0047】
【配列表】
【0048】
【0049】
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel ribozyme, liposome preparation and use thereof. Specifically, apoprotein (a) ribozymes, liposomal formulations containing ribozymes, uses for the treatment and / or prevention of arteriosclerosis or hyperlipoproteinemia containing ribozymes, therapeutic agents and / or Or it relates to a preventive agent and a treatment method and / or a prevention method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Lipoprotein (a) (hereinafter referred to as Lp (a)) has LDL (low-density lipoprotein) at its center, and a glycoprotein called apoprotein (a) is surrounded by a disulfide bond to form apo B-100. It is a polymer complex bound to a protein called Numerous epidemiological studies have reported that an increase in the blood concentration of Lp (a) is closely associated with arteriosclerotic diseases such as ischemic heart disease and cerebral infarction. It is believed that suppressing the expression of apoprotein (a) and lowering the blood concentration of Lp (a) leads to the treatment or prevention of these diseases.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In 1987, the nucleotide sequence of the apoprotein (a) cDNA was determined, and as a result, it was revealed that the apoprotein (a) had high homology with the plasminogen cDNA important for thrombolysis. . Therefore, it is predicted that it is difficult to suppress the apoprotein (a) using the antisense technique, and there is no effective means.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve these problems, the present inventors administered a preparation containing a ribozyme that cleaves mRNA of apoprotein (a) to cells that produce apoprotein (a), thereby producing apoprotein (a It was found that the expression of a) can be suppressed.
[0005]
On the other hand, in order to make ribozyme work efficiently in the living body, a method of introducing a ribozyme into cells using a viral vector has been adopted, but it has not been very effective. The present inventors have also found that a ribozyme can be effectively acted in cells by administering a ribozyme as a liposome preparation, and have completed the present invention.
[0006]
Any ribozyme can be used in the liposome preparation of the present invention. For example, when it is used for preventing and / or treating overexpression of a selected specific gene, it may be any one capable of degrading mRNA transcribed from the gene, specifically, apoprotein (a) Any expression can be used to suppress the expression as long as it can cleave the mRNA of the apoprotein (a).
[0007]
Examples of such ribozymes include hammerhead ribozymes and hairpin ribozymes designed to degrade the mRNA. Examples of the hammerhead ribozyme include ribozymes contained in viroids such as potato and scab viroid and avocado sun blotch viroid, ribozymes contained in isoids such as alfalfa streak virus and velvet tobacco spotted virus.
[0008]
These ribozymes can be produced, for example, by specifically designing the apoprotein (a) and using a nucleic acid synthesizer or the like. Ribozymes are usually composed of RNA, but may contain DNA, modified nucleic acids, or pseudo-nucleic acids for stabilization, and some or all of the ribozyme oligonucleotides are linked to phosphodiester bonds. Degradation in vivo, such as oligonucleotides with thiophosphate diester bonds (S-oligos) in which the oxygen atoms of some parts are replaced with sulfur atoms, or oligonucleotides in which the phosphodiester bonds are replaced with non-charged methyl phosphate groups Oligonucleotides modified to make them less susceptible may be included.
[0009]
Preferred ribozymes for use in the present invention include those that can specifically cleave the apoprotein (a) mRNA but cannot cleave the plasminogen mRNA. Such a ribozyme, for example, a hammerhead ribozyme, can be prepared as follows.
[0010]
In the mRNA of apoprotein (a), a GUX (X is an arbitrary nucleotide) site, which is a specific cleavage site of hammerhead ribozyme, is searched. Further, the sequence including the specific cleavage site is searched for a sequence that does not have a sequence similar to plasminogen mRNA, or at least a sequence that does not have a specific cleavage site GUX in the plasminogen mRNA. The ribozyme is designed to specifically cleave the sequence. The sequence is preferably selected from the vicinity of the 5 ′ end (approximately 200 bases) of the mRNA of the apoprotein (a), and when the mRNA of the apoprotein (a) has a secondary structure, it becomes a single-stranded part. Are preferably selected from sequences in which a specific cleavage site GUX exists. Specific examples thereof include a ribozyme that is an RNA strand represented by the general formula (1) or an analog thereof.
[0011]
[Chemical 3]
[0012]
[In the formula, X represents an arbitrary nucleotide, Xn and Xm are formed of an arbitrary oligonucleotide, together form a stem loop, and 3 '-(Y) CA (Z) -5' It becomes a complementary sequence of the mRNA of (a), and (Y) and (Z) are nucleotides of 3 or more bases. ]
[0013]
Preferred ribozymes include ribozymes that are RNA strands represented by the general formula (2) or analogs thereof.
[0014]
[Formula 4]
[0015]
[Wherein X represents an arbitrary nucleotide, and Xn and Xm are formed of an arbitrary oligonucleotide, and together form a stem loop. ]
[0016]
As a method for producing the ribozyme used in the present invention, a nucleic acid synthesis method generally used in genetic engineering can be used. For example, the target ribozyme may be directly synthesized using a DNA synthesizer, or a small amount of ribozyme, a nucleic acid containing the ribozyme or a part of the nucleic acid is synthesized, and then a PCR method or a cloning vector is used. The nucleic acid may be amplified.
[0017]
Furthermore, the target nucleic acid may be produced by cleaving the nucleic acid obtained by these methods using a restriction enzyme or the like, or binding using a DNA ligase or the like. Furthermore, in order to obtain a more stable ribozyme in the cell, chemical modification such as alkylation or acylation may be applied to the base, sugar or phosphate part of the nucleic acid.
[0018]
The preparation of the present invention containing ribozyme as a main component is usually administered into blood vessels, but is not particularly limited as long as it is a preparation in which the main drug ribozyme is taken into a target tissue, and is orally administered. Other parenteral administration and topical administration may be used. Furthermore, in order to raise the effect of ribozyme, a fuzzy modifier etc. can also be used.
[0019]
The preparation of the present invention may be a liquid administration form such as a solution, suspension, syrup, liposome preparation, emulsion, syrup, etc., or a solid administration form such as a tablet, granule, powder, capsule or the like. There may be. If necessary, the above preparations may contain various auxiliaries, stabilizers, lubricants and other commonly used additives such as lactose, citric acid, tartaric acid, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, white clay, sucrose, corn starch, talc. Gelatin, agar, pectin, falling raw oil, olive oil, cocoa butter, ethylene glycol and the like can be added.
[0020]
As a preparation containing a ribozyme, a preparation in a form used in a commonly used gene transfer method is preferable. For example, a membrane fusion liposome preparation using Sendai virus, a liposome preparation such as a liposome preparation utilizing endocytosis, a preparation containing a cationic lipid such as Lipofectamine (manufactured by Lifetech Oriental), or a retroviral vector, It is advantageous to use a virus preparation using an adenovirus vector or the like, and a membrane fusion liposome preparation is particularly preferable.
[0021]
In the liposome preparation, the structure of the liposome may be a large unilamellar liposome (LUV), a multilamellar liposome (MLV), or a small unilamellar liposome (SUV). The size can also be about 200 nm to 1000 nm for LUV, 400 nm to 3500 nm for MLV, and 20 nm to 50 nm for SUV. In the case of a membrane fusion liposome preparation using Sendai virus, etc., the MLV has a particle size of 200 nm to 1000 nm. Is preferably used.
[0022]
The liposome production method is not particularly limited as long as the ribozyme is retained, and a conventional method such as reverse phase evaporation (Szoka, F., et al: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Vol. 601 559 (1980)), ether injection method (Deamer, DW: Ann. NY Acad. Sci., Vol. 308 250 (1978)), surfactant method (Brunner, J., et al: Biochim. Biophys. Acta , Vol.455 322 (1976)) or the like.
[0023]
As lipids for forming the liposome structure, phospholipids, cholesterols, nitrogen lipids and the like are used, and phospholipids are generally preferable. Specifically, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, cardiolipin, sphingomyelin, egg yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin, lysolecithin and other natural phospholipids, or these were hydrogenated by conventional methods Synthetic phospholipids such as dicetyl phosphate, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylserine, eleostearoylphosphatidylcholine, eleostearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, and eleostearoylphosphatidylserine It is done.
[0024]
These phospholipid-containing lipids can be used alone or in combination of two or more. At this time, the binding rate of the electronegative ribozyme can be increased by using a lipid having an atomic group having a positive group such as ethanolamine or choline in the molecule. In addition to these main phospholipids during the formation of liposomes, additives such as cholesterol, stearylamine, and α-tocopherol, which are generally known as additives for liposome formation, can also be used.
[0025]
The liposome preparation thus obtained is purified from a membrane fusion promoting substance such as Sendai virus, inactivated Sendai virus, or Sendai virus in order to promote uptake into the affected cell or the target tissue. Membrane fusion promoting protein, polyethylene glycol and the like may be added.
[0026]
An example of a method for producing a liposome preparation will be described in detail. For example, it is dissolved in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, chloroform and ethanol together with the above-described liposome-forming substance such as phospholipid and cholesterol as an additive for liposome formation. Into a suitable container, and the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure to form a liposome-forming substance film on the inner surface of the container. A buffer solution containing ribozyme is added thereto and stirred, and then the above-mentioned membrane fusion promoting substance is further added to the obtained liposome as desired, and then the liposome is isolated.
[0027]
The liposome preparation containing the ribozyme thus obtained can be used for treatment by suspending in a suitable solvent, or by re-dispersing the lyophilized product once in a suitable solvent.
[0028]
The content of ribozyme in the preparation containing ribozyme as a main component can be variously set according to the disease to be applied, application site, administration form and administration method, but is usually 0.01% to 100%, preferably 0.01% to 10%.
[0029]
The administration method of the preparation containing ribozyme as a main component can be appropriately selected depending on the type of disease, the type of ribozyme used and the like. The dosage as a ribozyme in such a preparation is appropriately selected depending on the age, other patient conditions, the type of disease, the type of ribozyme used, etc., for example, in blood administration, intramuscular administration, intraarticular administration, etc. In general, 10 to 10,000 nmole can be administered once to several times a day.
[0030]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically by showing examples and experimental examples of the present invention.
[0031]
[Example 1: Production of ribozyme]
Predicting the secondary structure around the 5 ′ end of mRNA of apoprotein (a), the structure serving as a cleavage site is GTH (H is C, U or A), and loops out 120, 151, Ribozymes targeting the vicinity of No. 164 (SEQ ID Nos. 1 to 3 in the sequence listing, see the following formulas (3) to (5)) were designed.
[0032]
[Chemical formula 5]
[0033]
[Chemical 6]
[0034]
[Chemical 7]
[0035]
According to these designs, synthesis was performed using a DNA-RNA synthesizer. However, in the formulas (3) to (5), S oligo DNA (T was used in place of U) was used for the underlined portion, and RNA was synthesized otherwise.
[0036]
[Example 2: Production of liposome preparation]
Phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (weight ratio 1: 4.8: 2, total 10 mg) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to obtain three lipid solutions. Tetrahydrofuran was distilled off from these lipid solutions using a rotary evaporator, and the lipids were adhered to the inner surfaces of the flasks.
[0037]
In each of these flasks, 200 μl each of three physiological saline (BSS; 139 mM NaCl, 5.4 mM KCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6) containing each ribozyme obtained in Example 1 (10 nmol each) was obtained. In addition, stirring and sonication were performed by a conventional method to prepare liposome suspensions containing ribozymes. Purified Sendai virus (Z strain: 10000 hemaglutinating units) was mixed with each of the obtained liposome suspensions (0.5 ml, containing 10 mg of lipid), and each was made up to 4 ml in total with BSS. Sendai virus was inactivated by UV irradiation (110 erg / mm 2 / sec) 3 minutes before use.
[0038]
Each mixture was held at 4 ° C for 5 minutes and then gently shaken at 37 ° C for 30 minutes. After removing Sendai virus not bound to liposomes by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, the uppermost layer was collected and the concentration was adjusted with BSS to obtain liposome preparations each encapsulating 1 μM ribozyme.
[0039]
Similarly, a human apoprotein (a) gene (200 μg) was used, and a liposome preparation encapsulating the human apoprotein (a) gene was obtained in the same manner as described above.
[0040]
[Experimental example]
To human cultured hepatocytes, human apoprotein (a) gene-encapsulated ribosome obtained in Example 2 alone or a mixture of liposome encapsulating ribozyme having the structure of formula (4) and human apoprotein (a) gene-encapsulated liposome is added After incubation at 4 ° C. for 10 minutes and then at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes, lipoprotein (a), apoprotein (a) and plasminogen in the supernatant were measured after 3 days. As shown in Table 1, the ribozyme administration did not change the expression of plasminogen, and only the apoprotein (a) expression / production was suppressed as compared to the case of the human apoprotein (a) gene-encapsulated liposome alone. . The amount of expression / production was measured using a monoclonal antibody against each culture supernatant. The unit of numerical values in Table 1 is mg / dl.
[0041]
[Table 1]
[0042]
In addition, cell growth was suppressed by the addition of cultured hepatocyte culture medium introduced with the apoprotein (a) gene to vascular smooth muscle cells. Even in the mouse liver into which the apoprotein (a) gene was introduced, the ribozyme suppressed the expression of the apoprotein (a) gene.
[0043]
Ribozyme against apoprotein (a) has been shown to selectively suppress only apoprotein (a) without affecting plasminogen, and is effective for arteriosclerosis, especially hyperlipoprotein (a) emia It is believed that there is.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
Since the liposome preparation of the present invention contains a ribozyme, the ribozyme can be effectively worked in cells. In particular, when liposomes are treated with Sendai virus or a processed product thereof, uptake into the cells of the affected area or the cells of the target tissue is promoted.
[0045]
In the liposome preparation of the present invention, if the ribozyme specifically degrades mRNA transcribed from a specific gene, it becomes possible to prevent and / or treat diseases caused by the gene. For example, if the ribozyme is a ribozyme that degrades mRNA of apoprotein (a), arteriosclerosis and hyperlipoprotein (a) blood can be prevented and / or treated.
[0046]
The ribozyme of the present invention is a ribozyme that degrades mRNA of apoprotein (a), and can selectively suppress only apoprotein (a) without affecting plasminogen important for thrombolysis. A preparation containing a ribozyme, particularly a liposome preparation, is effective for the prevention and / or treatment of arteriosclerosis and hyperlipoprotein (a) emia.
[0047]
[Sequence Listing]
[0048]
[0049]
Claims (6)
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US20030153519A1 (en) | 2001-07-23 | 2003-08-14 | Kay Mark A. | Methods and compositions for RNAi mediated inhibition of gene expression in mammals |
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