JP4068207B2 - Drawing method of metal wire - Google Patents
Drawing method of metal wire Download PDFInfo
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- JP4068207B2 JP4068207B2 JP03005998A JP3005998A JP4068207B2 JP 4068207 B2 JP4068207 B2 JP 4068207B2 JP 03005998 A JP03005998 A JP 03005998A JP 3005998 A JP3005998 A JP 3005998A JP 4068207 B2 JP4068207 B2 JP 4068207B2
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- wire
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- die
- borax
- area reduction
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、乾式潤滑剤を用いた金属線材の伸線方法に関し、特には、複数のダイスを用いて連続的に金属線材を伸線する場合の該ダイスのパススケジュールの改良に係る金属線材の伸線方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
金属線材の伸線加工方法は、乾式潤滑剤を用いる方法と湿式潤滑剤を用いる方法とがあり、金属線材の線径が2mm以上の場合には、鋼線材の伸線では乾式潤滑剤を用いた伸線(以下「乾式伸線法」という)が一般に行われている。
【0003】
この乾式伸線法は、乾式湿潤剤の付着力を高めるために予め金属線材にボラックス(ホウ砂)等の皮膜剤を塗布して金属線材表面に極圧皮膜を形成し、その後乾式潤滑剤を用い、複数のダイスに通過させ引抜加工を行うものである。
【0004】
この複数のダイスの設定、すなわち個々のダイスの減面率によるパススケジュールは、通常、等温パススケジュールで行われる。等温パススケジュールとは、個々のダイスでの伸線加工による発熱を均一にすることで、熱による線材の熱時効及び潤滑剤の分解を抑制することを目的としたパススケジュールである。より詳述すると、複数のダイスを用いて金属線材を連続伸線する場合、伸線される線材は、伸線されるに従いその特性が変化する。すなわち、伸線によって金属線材は加工硬化し、延性等が低下していき、また、金属線材の表面に形成された極圧皮膜は引き延ばされることによってその厚みを減少させていく。このような金属線材の伸線による変化に着目し、個々のダイスでの伸線加工による発熱を均一化したのが等温パススケジュールによる方法である。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来採用されていた等温パススケジュールは、線材の熱時効抑制及び潤滑剤の分解劣化抑制の点では有効であるが、個々のダイスの減面率を所定の値以上に上げることができないため、より高い減面率で伸線加工をすることで生産性を上げることができなかった。
【0006】
また、等温パススケジュールによる方法での減面率の低い伸線加工では、金属線材を均一に加工することができず、線材表層部の加工度が高く中心部の加工度は低くなるため、全体の加工度を高くすることができないという問題もあった。
【0007】
以上のことから、金属線材の伸線加工において、線材の熱時効や潤滑剤の分解等を招くことなく総減面率を高くすること、又は総減面率が同じでも伸線によるダイスの摩耗を小さくする、すなわち伸線性を高めることが強く要請されている。
【0008】
そこでこの発明の目的は、極圧皮膜を形成した金属線材を乾式伸線方法において、従来の等温パススケジュールよりも更に高い総減面率を達成するか、または高い伸線性を達成することができ、しかも金属線材全体の加工度に優れたパススケジュールを有する金属線材の伸線方法を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、この発明の、乾式潤滑剤を用いる金属線材の伸線方法は、ボラックス皮膜を金属線材に付着量1.5g/m2以上で予めを形成させ、続いて伸線をする際のパススケジュールとして、最初のダイスから伸線によって加工された線材表面のボラックスの付着量が1.5g/m2以上までの間のダイスの個々のダイス減面率を24%以上32%以下とし、1.5g/m2未満以降のダイスの個々のダイス減面率を24%未満とすることを特徴とするものである。
【0010】
好ましくは、前記線材表面のボラックスの付着量が1.5g/m2未満から1.1g/m2以上までの間のダイスの個々のダイス減面率を24%未満12%以上とし、1.0g/m2未満以降のダイスの個々のダイス減面率を12%未満8%以上とする。
【0011】
この発明においては、伸線の始めのダイスにおいて線材の総加工度が低く加熱時効の影響が少ない状態では減面率を高くして線材の中心部まで均一に加工し、総加工度が高く線材表面のボラックス付着量が小さくなった状態ではダイス減面率を小さくする。これにより、従来の方法に比べ線材をより均一に伸線加工することができ、また全体としてダイスにかかる負荷を低減することができ、伸線性が向上する。すなわち、より高い総減面率で加工することが可能となる。
【0012】
従来伸線に供する鋼線材は予め熱処理を施して延性を高めたものが用いられるが、この発明の方法ではそのような熱処理を施さない、抗張力が高く延性の低い難加工鋼線についても有効に伸線加工することができる。このことは、換言すると、この発明のパススケジュールでは伸線に供する線材の抗張力が高いものでも効果的に伸線することができるということである。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明においては、乾式湿潤剤の付着力を高めるために、伸線する金属線材に予めボラックス皮膜を付着量1.5g/m2以上で被覆処理する。この被覆処理は、例えば、金属線材をボラックス溶解液に浸漬させた後、乾燥させることにより行われる。この発明において、伸線前のボラックス皮膜の付着量を1.5g/m2以上に規定したのは、1.5g/m2未満では、極圧皮膜の膜切れを起こしやすく、伸線減面率を高くすることができないからである。即ち、1.5g/m2以上とすることで初めてこの発明のパススケジュールによる効果を得ることができるからである。なお、付着量の上限は特にはないが、最終ダイスでの伸線後の金属線材に付着しているボラックス皮膜の量をも1.5g/m2以上となるように伸線前の金属線材にボラックスを被覆しても、この発明の効果以上の効果が得られず、却って次の工程で残留ボラックスを除去する洗浄工程での負荷が大きくなるので、好ましくは7g/m2以下とする。
【0014】
また、この発明においては、最初のダイスから伸線によって加工された線材表面のボラックスの付着量が1.5g/m2以上までの間のダイスの個々のダイス減面率を24%以上32%以下とする。この減面率が24%未満であると、ボラックス付着量が1.5g/mm2以下となった場合の減面率を小さくすることができないため、所望の効果を得ることができず、一方、32%を超えると伸線性が低下する。さらに、ボラックスの付着量が1.5g/m2未満以降のダイスの個々のダイス減面率は24%未満とするが、この減面率が24%以上であると伸線性が低下する。好ましくは、ボラックスの付着量が1.5g/m2未満から1.1g/m2以上までの間のダイスの個々のダイス減面率を24%未満12%以上とし、1.0g/m2未満以降のダイスの個々のダイス減面率を12%未満8%以上とする。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下、この発明を実施例に基づき具体的に説明する。
実施例1〜3,従来例1〜2,比較例1〜3
実施例、従来例および比較例とも、炭素成分0.8重量%、線径3.0mmおよび抗張力150g/m2の高炭素鋼線材を、乾式潤滑剤を用いて線径が1.16mmになるまで所定の線速で伸線した。
【0016】
パススケジュール、各ダイスにおける伸線前のボラックスの付着量、及びこれらの条件で連続伸線して伸線性を評価した結果を下記の表1〜4に示す。
【0017】
【表1】
【表2】
【0019】
【表3】
【0020】
【表4】
【0021】
ここで、表中、ボラックス付着量の測定は、所定の量の線材を溶剤に浸漬し、被覆ボラックスを洗浄し、溶解したボラックスを化学分析して測定した。
【0022】
また、伸線性の評価は、最終ダイスにおいて、ダイス摩耗によってダイス径が所定の値増大するまでに伸線できた伸線量で示し、従来例2を100として指数で表示した。数値が大なる程結果が良好である。
【0023】
比較例1の結果からわかるように、ボラックス付着量が1.5g/mm2以下の場合に減面率を24%以上で伸線すると、従来例2に比し伸線性の十分な向上効果が得られない。また、比較例2に見られるように、1.5g/mm2以上で減面率を32%を超えて伸線すると、従来例2に比べ伸線性が低下する。さらに、比較例3に見られるように、ボラックス付着量が1.5g/mm2以上であるにもかかわらず減面率を24%未満で伸線した場合には、従来例1に比べて伸線性の向上は認められるものの、ボラックス付着量が1.5g/mm2以下となった場合の減面率を小さくすることができないため、実施例ほどの効果を得ることができない。
【0024】
これに対し、実施例1および2は、ともに伸線性が良好である。特に、実施例2においては実施例1に比し、ボラックス付着量の減少に伴って減面率を順次なめらかに低減させたことにより、より良好な伸線性を示している。また、これら実施例に比しボラックス付着が1.5g/m2以下のパスの減面率を低くした実施例3も、良好な伸線性を示す。しかし、実施例3の場合にはダイスの個数を増やさなければならないことがわかる。
【0025】
従来例のパススケジュールで、抗張力が110kg/mm2の高炭素鋼線材と抗張力が150kg/mm2の高炭素鋼線材との伸線性を比較した結果、後者では伸線性が約1/5に低減したのに対し、実施例におけるパススケジュールでの同様の比較では伸線性の低下が殆ど認められなかった。
【0026】
さらに、実施例の方法では均一に加工することができたため、伸線後の線材の真円度をより向上させることができた。即ち、従来例では0.93mmの線材の真円度が直径偏差で0.01〜0.03mmあったのに対し、いずれの実施例でも0.01mm以下であった。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
以上説明してきたように、この発明の金属線材の伸線方法においては、従来の等温パススケジュールよりも更に高い総減面率を達成することができる。あるいはまた、従来の等温パススケジュールよりも更に高い伸線性を達成することができる。しかも金属線材全体の加工度にも優れている。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of drawing a metal wire using a dry lubricant, and in particular, a metal wire related to an improvement in a pass schedule of the die when the metal wire is drawn continuously using a plurality of dies. It relates to a wire drawing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are two types of wire drawing methods for metal wires: a method using a dry lubricant and a method using a wet lubricant. When the wire diameter of the metal wire is 2 mm or more, a dry lubricant is used for drawing the steel wire. Wire drawing (hereinafter referred to as “dry wire drawing”) is generally performed.
[0003]
In this dry wire drawing method, a coating agent such as borax (borax) is applied to the metal wire in advance to form an extreme pressure film on the surface of the metal wire in order to increase the adhesion of the dry wetting agent, and then a dry lubricant is applied. Used to perform drawing by passing through a plurality of dies.
[0004]
The setting of the plurality of dies, that is, the pass schedule based on the area reduction rate of each die is usually performed by an isothermal pass schedule. The isothermal pass schedule is a pass schedule aiming at suppressing heat aging of the wire due to heat and decomposition of the lubricant by making the heat generated by wire drawing in each die uniform. More specifically, when a metal wire is continuously drawn using a plurality of dies, the properties of the drawn wire change as it is drawn. That is, the metal wire is work-hardened by drawing and the ductility and the like are lowered, and the extreme pressure film formed on the surface of the metal wire is stretched to reduce its thickness. Paying attention to such changes due to the drawing of the metal wire, the method based on the isothermal pass schedule has made the heat generated by the drawing of each die uniform.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The isothermal pass schedule that has been used in the past is effective in terms of suppressing thermal aging of wires and suppressing degradation and degradation of lubricants, but because the area reduction rate of individual dies cannot be increased to a predetermined value or more, more Productivity could not be increased by wire drawing at a high surface area reduction.
[0006]
Also, with wire drawing with a low surface area reduction by the method based on the isothermal pass schedule, the metal wire cannot be processed uniformly, and the degree of processing of the wire surface layer is high and the degree of processing of the center is low. There is also a problem that the degree of processing cannot be increased.
[0007]
From the above, in wire drawing of metal wire, increase the total area reduction without causing thermal aging of wire, decomposition of lubricant, etc., or wear of dies due to wire drawing even if the total area reduction is the same There is a strong demand to reduce the thickness, that is, to improve the drawability.
[0008]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to achieve a higher total area reduction rate than a conventional isothermal pass schedule in a dry wire drawing method for a metal wire formed with an extreme pressure film, or to achieve a high wire drawing property. And it is providing the wire drawing method of a metal wire which has a pass schedule excellent in the processing degree of the whole metal wire.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the wire drawing method for a metal wire using a dry lubricant according to the present invention is to form a borax film on the metal wire in advance with an adhesion amount of 1.5 g / m 2 or more, and then draw the wire. As a pass schedule when performing the process, an individual die surface reduction rate of the die between the first die and the borax adhesion amount on the surface of the wire processed by drawing is 1.5 g / m 2 or more is 24% or more 32 %, And each die area reduction rate of dies less than 1.5 g / m 2 or less is less than 24%.
[0010]
Preferably, the individual die surface area reduction rate of the dies in which the adhesion amount of borax on the surface of the wire is less than 1.5 g / m 2 to 1.1 g / m 2 or more is less than 24% and 12% or more. Individual die surface area reduction ratio of dice below 0 g / m 2 is set to less than 12% and 8% or more.
[0011]
In this invention, in the state where the total processing degree of the wire is low and the influence of heating aging is low in the die at the beginning of wire drawing, the surface reduction rate is increased and uniform processing is performed up to the center of the wire, and the total processing degree is high. When the borax adhesion amount on the surface is small, the die area reduction rate is reduced. Thereby, the wire can be drawn more uniformly than the conventional method, and the load applied to the die can be reduced as a whole, and the drawability is improved. That is, it is possible to process with a higher total area reduction.
[0012]
Conventionally, steel wire rods used for wire drawing have been subjected to heat treatment in advance to increase ductility. However, the method of the present invention is effective even for difficult-to-process steel wires with high tensile strength and low ductility, which are not subjected to such heat treatment. It can be drawn. In other words, in the pass schedule of the present invention, even if the tensile strength of the wire used for wire drawing is high, it can be drawn effectively.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In this invention, in order to increase the adhesion of the dry wetting agent, the metal wire to be drawn is previously coated with a borax film at an adhesion amount of 1.5 g / m 2 or more. This coating treatment is performed, for example, by immersing a metal wire in a borax solution and then drying. In this invention, the amount of adhesion of the borax film before wire drawing is defined to be 1.5 g / m 2 or more because if it is less than 1.5 g / m 2 , the extreme pressure film is likely to break, and the wire drawing is reduced. This is because the rate cannot be increased. That is, the effect of the pass schedule of the present invention can be obtained only when the amount is 1.5 g / m 2 or more. The upper limit of the adhesion amount is not particularly limited, but the metal wire before drawing so that the amount of borax film adhering to the metal wire after drawing with the final die is also 1.5 g / m 2 or more. Even if the borax is coated, the effect more than the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained, and on the contrary, the load in the cleaning step of removing the residual borax in the next step is increased, so the amount is preferably 7 g / m 2 or less.
[0014]
Further, in the present invention, the individual die surface area reduction rate of the die is between 24% and 32% while the borax adhesion amount on the surface of the wire processed by drawing from the first die is 1.5 g / m 2 or more. The following. If the area reduction ratio is less than 24%, the area reduction ratio when the borax adhesion amount is 1.5 g / mm 2 or less cannot be reduced, so that a desired effect cannot be obtained. If it exceeds 32%, the drawability is lowered. Furthermore, the individual die surface area reduction rate of dies having a borax adhesion amount of less than 1.5 g / m 2 or less is less than 24%. However, if this area reduction rate is 24% or more, the drawability is lowered. Preferably, the individual die surface area reduction rate of dies with a borax adhesion amount of less than 1.5 g / m 2 to 1.1 g / m 2 or more is less than 24% and 12% or more, and 1.0 g / m 2 Each die area reduction rate of dice after less than 12% is set to less than 12% and 8% or more.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples.
Examples 1-3, Conventional Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-3
In all of Examples, Conventional Examples, and Comparative Examples, a high carbon steel wire material having a carbon component of 0.8% by weight, a wire diameter of 3.0 mm, and a tensile strength of 150 g / m 2 is used to obtain a wire diameter of 1.16 mm using a dry lubricant. The wire was drawn at a predetermined line speed.
[0016]
Tables 1 to 4 below show the pass schedule, the adhesion amount of borax before wire drawing in each die, and the results of evaluating wire drawability by continuous wire drawing under these conditions.
[0017]
[Table 1]
[0018]
[Table 2]
[0019]
[Table 3]
[0020]
[Table 4]
[0021]
Here, in the table, the amount of borax adhesion was measured by immersing a predetermined amount of wire in a solvent, washing the coated borax, and chemically analyzing the dissolved borax.
[0022]
In addition, the evaluation of the wire drawing property was shown by the drawing dose that was able to be drawn until the die diameter increased by a predetermined value due to die wear in the final die, and the conventional example 2 was shown as an index by 100. The larger the value, the better the result.
[0023]
As can be seen from the results of Comparative Example 1, when the borax adhesion amount is 1.5 g / mm 2 or less, when the area reduction ratio is 24% or more, the wire drawing property is sufficiently improved as compared with Conventional Example 2. I can't get it. Further, as seen in Comparative Example 2, when the area reduction rate is more than 32% at 1.5 g / mm 2 or more, the drawability is lowered as compared with Conventional Example 2. Further, as seen in Comparative Example 3, when the area reduction was less than 24% even though the borax adhesion amount was 1.5 g / mm 2 or more, the wire was stretched compared to Conventional Example 1. Although an improvement in linearity is recognized, the area reduction rate when the borax adhesion amount is 1.5 g / mm 2 or less cannot be reduced, so that the effect as in the example cannot be obtained.
[0024]
On the other hand, both Examples 1 and 2 have good drawability. In particular, in Example 2, as compared with Example 1, the area reduction rate was gradually and smoothly reduced as the borax adhesion amount decreased, thereby showing better wire drawing. Further, Example 3 in which the area reduction rate of a pass having a borax adhesion of 1.5 g / m 2 or less is lower than those of Examples, and also exhibits good wire drawing. However, in the case of Example 3, it turns out that the number of dies must be increased.
[0025]
In the pass schedule of the conventional example, as a result of comparing the drawability of a high carbon steel wire with a tensile strength of 110 kg / mm 2 and a high carbon steel wire with a tensile strength of 150 kg / mm 2 , the latter reduces the drawability to about 1/5. On the other hand, in the same comparison in the pass schedule in the examples, almost no reduction in wire drawing was observed.
[0026]
Furthermore, since the method of the example could be processed uniformly, the roundness of the wire after drawing could be further improved. That is, in the conventional example, the roundness of the 0.93 mm wire was 0.01 to 0.03 mm in diameter deviation, but in all the examples, it was 0.01 mm or less.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the metal wire drawing method of the present invention can achieve a higher total area reduction than the conventional isothermal pass schedule. Alternatively, higher drawability can be achieved than the conventional isothermal pass schedule. In addition, the degree of processing of the entire metal wire is excellent.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP03005998A JP4068207B2 (en) | 1998-02-12 | 1998-02-12 | Drawing method of metal wire |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP03005998A JP4068207B2 (en) | 1998-02-12 | 1998-02-12 | Drawing method of metal wire |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH11226687A JPH11226687A (en) | 1999-08-24 |
JP4068207B2 true JP4068207B2 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
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JP03005998A Expired - Fee Related JP4068207B2 (en) | 1998-02-12 | 1998-02-12 | Drawing method of metal wire |
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1998
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