JP3937605B2 - Ventilator for vehicles - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vehicle ventilation device that is mounted on a bus, a railway vehicle, or the like and ventilates a vehicle interior.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in Japanese Patent No. 2526996, the air introduced from the outside of the passenger compartment is blown out toward the seat side from a plurality of outlets provided on the right and left side windows of the ceiling, and is provided at one place above the rear end of the passenger compartment. A vehicle ventilator has been proposed in which air in a vehicle compartment is taken in and discharged outside the vehicle compartment.
[0003]
In addition, in Japanese Patent No. 2526995, as shown in FIG. 6, air is blown out toward the seat 3 from a plurality of outlets 10 provided at the windows on the left and right sides of the ceiling, and the floor surface on the side of the seat 3 (window side) The air in the passenger compartment 5 is taken in through a plurality of inlets 14 provided in the vicinity of the passenger 2 (in the vicinity of the feet of the passengers) and discharged out of the passenger compartment 5. Furthermore, air in the vehicle compartment is taken in from the inside air inlet 6B provided at one location above the front part of the vehicle compartment and is circulated into the vehicle compartment.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, with respect to the former conventional apparatus, the present inventors examined the airflow and CO ₂ concentration around the passenger in the outside air introduction mode (ventilation rate 1200 m ³ / h). As shown in FIG. It was found that the CO ₂ concentration around the head of the dog (from the jaw to the top of the head) was particularly high.
[0005]
In FIG. 7 (the arrows in the figure indicate the flow of air), the air from the outlet 10 hits the passenger 12, and then the downward speed decreases in front of the passenger 12 and most of the blown air rises. Beginning (the upward airflow component is large), a large vortex is generated near the head of the passenger 12. The reason why the air rises in this way is as follows. That is, since the suction port is above the rearmost part of the passenger compartment, an air flow toward the rear of the vehicle is generated near the ceiling at the center of the vehicle. This is because the air blown obliquely downward toward the center of the vehicle from the air outlet 10 at the ceiling window edge gradually decreases in wind speed and is drawn by the air flow in the vicinity of the ceiling.
[0006]
Then, the CO _{2 in} the breath of the passenger 12 is caught in a large vortex near the head of the passenger 12, and the CO ₂ stagnates around the head of the passenger 12. As a result, the CO ₂ concentration around the head of the passenger 12. Is particularly high.
On the other hand, in the latter conventional apparatus, the suction port 14 is provided in the vicinity of the floor surface 2 and on the side of the seat 3 (the window side). In view of the heat loss due to the air flow, it cannot be set so high. Therefore, the air flow that is blown obliquely downward toward the center of the vehicle can be obtained only by sucking mainly the air near the floor 2. However, it cannot be expected to change to the suction port 14 side located on the window side.
[0007]
Also, it is known that a part of the inside air is mixed in the outside air introduction mode in consideration of heat loss due to ventilation. In this conventional apparatus, since the inside air inlet 6B is above the foremost part of the passenger compartment, an air flow toward the front of the vehicle is generated near the ceiling in the center of the vehicle, and is obliquely directed from the outlet 10 toward the center of the vehicle. The air blown downward is eventually drawn by the air flow in the vicinity of the ceiling as indicated by the arrow e in FIG.
[0008]
Therefore, like the above-described conventional apparatus, there is a problem that a large vortex is generated near the head of the passenger 12 and the CO ₂ concentration around the head of the passenger 12 is particularly high.
In order to reduce the CO ₂ concentration around the passenger's head, for example, it is conceivable to increase the ventilation amount, but this is not desirable because heat loss due to ventilation increases and power consumption of the air conditioner increases.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof to reduce the concentration of CO ₂ around the passenger head without increasing the ventilation.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, in the ventilator mounted on the vehicle in which the seats (3) are arranged in multiple rows in the vehicle front-rear direction, the air is sent from the blowing means (9). The outside air is blown into the passenger compartment (5) from the outlet (10), and the air in the passenger compartment (5) taken in from the inlet (14) is exhausted out of the passenger compartment (5) by the exhaust means (13). Thus, the air outlet (10) is installed so as to extend in the vehicle left-right direction above the seat (3), and the suction port (14) is directed to the seat (3) side at the front foot portion of the seat (3). The air outlet (10) and the inlet (14) are both slit-like in the vehicle left-right direction .
[0011]
According to this, since the blower outlet (10) is installed so as to extend in the left-right direction of the vehicle above the seat (3), the blown air is blown out almost directly toward the passenger (12). Air becomes easy to reach below. Therefore, the blown air is less affected by the air flow near the ceiling, the upward airflow component is reduced and the vortex is reduced, and the blown air flows along the body of the passenger (12), and the vortex is capped. Move away from the part.
[0012]
As a result, the amount of CO _{2 in} the breath of the passenger (12) is reduced in this vortex, and the CO ₂ concentration around the head of the passenger (12) can be reduced without increasing the ventilation.
Moreover, since the air outlet (10) extends in the left-right direction of the vehicle and the air is blown out with a predetermined width in the left-right direction of the vehicle, even if the passenger (12) head position is slightly shifted in the left-right direction of the vehicle, the passenger (12) Ventilation around the head can be reliably performed.
[0013]
Moreover, the blow outlet (10), by being a long slit shape in the transverse direction of the vehicle, since the blown air is blown become stratified, passengers (12) head position is deviated slightly in the vehicle right-left direction However, the ventilation around the head of the passenger (12) can be more reliably performed, and the CO ₂ reduction effect can be ensured.
[0015]
Moreover , after the blown air blown out almost directly toward the passenger (12) hits the passenger (12), the flow direction changes in the forward direction along the body of the passenger (12). And since the inlet (14) is installed in the direction of the flow, that is, in front of each seat (3), the blown air smoothly flows toward the inlet (14), and rides on the passenger (12 ) CO ₂ around the head is efficiently discharged out of the passenger compartment (5).
[0016]
Moreover, since the blown air smoothly flows to the inlet (14) side as described above, the vortex generated in front of the passenger (12) is reduced and the position of the vortex moves further away from the head. . Therefore, the amount of CO _{2 in} the breath of the passenger (12) in the vortex is greatly reduced, and the effect of reducing the CO ₂ concentration around the head of the passenger (12) can be further enhanced.
Furthermore, in invention of Claim 3, it is set as the structure which installs a blower outlet (10) so that it may extend over the substantially full length of the width of the vehicle left-right direction of a two-seat seat (3). According to this, ventilation can be reliably performed to any passenger (12) on the window side and the passage side. Further, as in the invention described in claim 4, the suction port (14) may be provided for each seat (3).
[0017]
In addition, the code | symbol in the above-mentioned parenthesis shows the correspondence with the specific means of embodiment description later mentioned.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments shown in the drawings will be described below.
FIGS. 1 to 3 show an example in which the device of the present invention is applied to a bus vehicle 1. The floor surface 2 of the bus vehicle 1 is provided with a plurality of rows of seats 3 for two persons in the vehicle front-rear direction. The air-conditioning unit 4 is installed below. The air conditioning unit 4 includes an internal air duct 6 that introduces air in the vehicle compartment 5 from an internal air introduction port 6B that opens to the floor surface 2, and an external air duct 7 that guides external air from an external air introduction port 7B that opens outside the vehicle compartment 5. The ducts 6 and 7 are connected and opened and closed by an inside air damper 6A and an outside air damper 7A, respectively.
[0019]
The inside air introduction port 6B is located slightly below the center in the front-rear direction of the vehicle and is located below the seat surface of the left seat 3 (see FIG. 2) in the vehicle traveling direction. The outside air introduction port 7B is located on the vehicle wall surface (see FIG. 2) on the left side in the vehicle traveling direction, with the vehicle longitudinal direction slightly ahead of the center.
The air conditioning unit 4 is connected to a first air duct 8A that branches from the floor 2 to the left and right of the vehicle and then extends from the left and right windows to the ceiling 1A of the vehicle 1 to guide the air. An air blowing fan 9 (air blowing means) is installed in 8A. A second air duct 8B that extends in the vehicle front-rear direction and guides air is installed at the left and right window edges of the ceiling 1A of the vehicle 1, and this duct 8B is connected to the first air duct 8A. Further, a third air duct 8C extending from the second air duct 8B to above the seat portion near the center of the vehicle is provided above each seat 3 and in the vicinity of the ceiling 1A.
[0020]
Under the third air duct 8C, an elongated slit-like air outlet 10 extending in the left-right direction of the vehicle with the lower surface opened is provided. Then, the air sent from the blower fan 9 is blown out while the blowing direction is guided from the blowout port 10 toward the seat 3 through the first blower duct 8A, the second blower duct 8B, and the third blower duct 8C. It has come to be.
[0021]
The size of the air outlet 10 may be about 800 mm (desirably about the same as the width of the seat 3) in the vehicle left-right direction when the seat 3 is for two people, and the vehicle longitudinal direction The length may be about 30 mm. The position of the air outlet 10 in the left-right direction of the vehicle is within the width of the seat 3, and the position of the air outlet 10 in the front-rear direction of the vehicle is a range of about 600 mm directly above the passenger 12 or from there to the front of the vehicle. Is desirable.
[0022]
Exhaust ducts 11 that extend in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and guide air are installed at the left and right windows of the floor surface 2 of the vehicle 1, and exhaust fans 13 (exhaust means) are installed in the left and right ducts 11, respectively. Yes. A suction port 14 extending from the exhaust duct 11 to the front of the seat portion near the center of the vehicle is attached to the backrest portion of the front seat 3 so as to be positioned at the foot portion of the passenger 12 in front of each seat 3. The suction port 14 is in the form of an elongated slit extending in the left-right direction of the vehicle, and the surface on the rear side of the vehicle is open. Then, by driving the exhaust fan 13, the air in the passenger compartment 5 is sucked from the inlet 14 and is discharged out of the passenger compartment 5 through the exhaust duct 11.
[0023]
As for the size of the suction port 14, when the seat 3 is for two persons, the length in the left-right direction of the vehicle may be about 800 mm (preferably about the same as the width of the seat 3), and the length in the vertical direction of the vehicle is about 30 mm. Good. In addition, the suction port 14 has a good knee position of the passenger 12, and is installed at a position 300 to 700 mm from the floor 2, for example. Reference numeral 15 denotes a natural ventilation port that ventilates using a differential pressure inside and outside the vehicle interior.
[0024]
The aforementioned air conditioning unit 4 includes an evaporator 4A and a heater core 4B. The evaporator 4A is provided in a refrigeration cycle having a compressor driven by an engine (not shown), and cools blown air using latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant. The heater core 4B heats the blown air using engine coolant (hot water) as a heat source.
Next, the operation in the above configuration will be described.
[0025]
During cooling, by operating the compressor and the blower fan 9 in the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant circulates in the evaporator 4A, and the air introduced by the blower fan 9 is cooled while passing through the evaporator 4A to become cold air. The air is blown out from the air outlet 10 to the seat 3 through the first to third air ducts 8A to 8C. And the blowing air temperature is adjusted by control of the hot water circulation amount to the heater core 4B by the hot water valve.
[0026]
At the time of cooling, in the inside air circulation mode, the inside air damper 6A opens the inside air introduction port 6B, the outside air damper 7A closes the outside air introduction port 7B, and the air in the vehicle compartment 5 is introduced by the blower fan 9. Conversely, in the outside air introduction mode, the inside air introduction port 6B closes the inside air duct 6, the outside air damper 7A opens the outside air introduction port 7B, and outside air is introduced by the blower fan 9. However, in the outside air introduction mode, in consideration of an increase in heat loss due to ventilation, it is desirable to partially open the inside air introduction port 6B and mix some inside air.
[0027]
At the time of ventilation, the outside air introduction mode is set, the compressor of the refrigeration cycle is stopped, and the circulation of hot water to the heater core 4B is stopped. And by operating the ventilation fan 9, outside air is taken in and it blows off from the blower outlet 10 to the seat 3 side.
In either case, the exhaust fan 13 is operated to suck the air in the vehicle compartment 5 from the intake port 14 and exhaust it out of the vehicle compartment 5 through the exhaust duct 11.
[0028]
FIG. 4 shows the air flow around the passenger 12 (the arrow in the figure indicates the flow of air) and the CO ₂ concentration in the outside air introduction mode (ventilation amount 1200 m ³ / h) of the present embodiment. Explaining the flow, air is blown out almost directly from the air outlet 10 installed above each seat 3 and extending in the left-right direction of the vehicle toward the passengers 12 on the window side and the vehicle center side. After hitting 12, the flow direction changes in the forward direction along the body of the passenger 12.
[0029]
The suction port 14 is installed in the flow direction, that is, in front of each seat 3, and the suction port 14 extends in the left-right direction of the vehicle and is in front of each passenger 12 on the window side and the vehicle center side. The blown air smoothly flows toward the suction port 14, and CO ₂ around the head of the passenger 12 is efficiently exhausted out of the passenger compartment 5 through the exhaust duct 11.
[0030]
Further, due to the smooth air flow to the suction port 14, the upward airflow component becomes smaller than in the conventional device, and the vortex generated in front of the passenger 12 becomes smaller, and the vortex is less in the passenger 12 than in the conventional device. It occurs at a position sufficiently away from the head. As a result, the amount of CO _{2 in} the exhalation of passenger 12 in this vortex is significantly reduced, and the CO ₂ concentration around the head of passenger 12 is significantly reduced.
[0031]
Further, since the inside air introduction port 6B is provided on the floor surface 2, air in the vicinity of the floor surface 2 is taken in from the inside air introduction port 6B. When a part of the inside air is mixed in the outside air introduction mode, an air flow toward the inside air introduction port 6B is generated in the vicinity of the floor 2 of the seat 3 near the inside air introduction port 6B. Accordingly, in the vicinity of the seat 3 in the vicinity of the inside air introduction port 6B, the air flowing toward the suction port 14 is further drawn downward, and the CO ₂ concentration further decreases.
[0032]
Furthermore, since the blown air is blown out in layers from the slit-like air outlet 10, the interior of the seat 3 is evenly ventilated evenly, and even if the passenger 12 head position is slightly shifted in the vehicle left-right direction, the passenger Ventilation around 12 heads can be performed reliably.
FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the ventilation amount (outside air introduction amount) and the CO ₂ concentration around the head of the passenger 12 in a full capacity (47 persons) ride. In FIG. 5, a is the head of the passenger 12 in this embodiment. The average value obtained by measuring the CO ₂ concentration around the seat for each seat 3 and averaging it, b indicates the measured value of the highest concentration seat 3 and the measured value of the lowest concentration seat 3, that is, variation between seats. . In the figure, c is the average value of the former conventional device described in the section of the prior art, and d is the variation between seats of the conventional device.
[0033]
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the average value of the CO ₃ concentration of each seat 3 is lower than the conventional one, and the CO ₂ reduction effect is particularly remarkable in the region where the ventilation volume is small.
Further, since the air outlet 10 and the suction port 14 are provided for each seat 3 and the air outlet 10 and the suction port 14 extend in the left-right direction of the vehicle, the position of the seat 3 (front side / rear side of the vehicle, window side / passage side) Regardless of the position, the seats 3 can be evenly ventilated, and as shown in FIG. 5, the variation in CO ₂ concentration between the seats can be reduced to about ¼ that of the conventional apparatus.
[0034]
Furthermore, if the average value of the CO ₂ concentration is to be suppressed to 1500 ppm, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, the conventional ventilation requires 1200 m ³ / h, whereas in this embodiment, only 500 m ³ / h is required. The ventilation volume can be greatly reduced. As a result, heat loss due to ventilation is reduced, and power consumption of the air conditioner can be reduced.
In addition, in said embodiment, even if it eliminates the suction port 14 ahead of each seat 3, and changes to the structure which provides the suction port 14 in one place above the rear part of the compartment 5, this invention can be implemented.
[0035]
In this case, in the conventional apparatus, air is blown obliquely downward toward the center of the vehicle, whereas the air outlet 10 is installed above each seat 3 and the air is blown almost directly below. It becomes easy to reach down. Therefore, the blown air is less affected by the air flow in the vicinity of the ceiling, the upward airflow component is reduced and the vortex is reduced, and the blown air flows along the body of the passenger 12 and the vortex flows from the head. Move away.
[0036]
As described above, the vortex generated in front of the passenger 12 becomes smaller and moves away from the head, so that the amount of CO _{2 in} the exhalation of the passenger 12 is reduced in the vortex, and the passenger 12 The CO ₂ concentration around the head decreases.
Therefore, even if the intake port 14 is changed to a configuration in which one is provided above the rear part of the passenger compartment 5, the CO ₂ concentration around the head of the passenger 12 is reduced by 600 ppm compared with the conventional device at a ventilation amount of 300 m ³ / h, for example. be able to.
[0037]
In the above embodiment, an example in which the present invention is applied to a bus vehicle has been described. However, the present invention can also be applied to, for example, a railway vehicle in which seats are arranged in multiple rows in the vehicle front-rear direction.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a vehicle equipped with a ventilation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion B in FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the air flow of the device of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a chart showing the CO ₂ concentration of the device of the present invention and the conventional device.
FIG. 6 is a front sectional view of a vehicle equipped with a conventional device.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the air flow of the conventional apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Seat, 5 ... Vehicle compartment, 9 ... Blower fan (blower means), 10 ... Outlet, 13 ... Exhaust fan (exhaust means), 14 ... Suction port.

Claims (4)

In a ventilator mounted on a vehicle in which a plurality of rows of seats (3) are arranged in the vehicle front-rear direction in the passenger compartment (5),
A blowing means (9) for sending air introduced from outside the vehicle compartment (5) into the vehicle compartment (5);
An air outlet (10) for blowing out air from the air blowing means (9) into the vehicle compartment (5);
An inlet (14) for taking in air in the passenger compartment (5);
An exhaust means (13) for discharging the air taken in from the suction port (14) to the outside of the passenger compartment (5),
The air outlet (10) is installed to extend in the vehicle left-right direction above the seat (3) ,
The inlet (14) is installed toward the seat (3) at the front foot of the seat (3),
Both the air outlet (10) and the inlet (14) have a slit shape that is long in the left-right direction of the vehicle. The vehicle ventilator according to claim 1, wherein the air outlet (10) guides air from the air blowing means (9) toward the seat (3) and blows it out. .   The seat (3) is a two-seater seat, and the outlet (10) is installed so as to extend over substantially the entire length of the vehicle left-right direction of the two-seat seat (3). The vehicle ventilator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the above-mentioned. The suction port (14), each seat (3) for a vehicle ventilation system according to provided to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein for each.

Images