JP3921295B2 - Respiratory protection - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a respiratory protection device, and more particularly to a type in which exhaled air is circulated without being discharged to the outside and used again for inspiration. In other words, it effectively recycles oxygen necessary for a person to maintain his life, and completely adsorbs carbon dioxide produced by exhalation, thereby enabling breathing for a long time.
This type of respirator protects against abnormal environments in natural disasters such as earthquakes, forest fires, and gas emitted from volcanoes, oxygen deficiency in underground, manholes and storage tanks, and harmful gases in semiconductors, petrochemicals, etc. As such, it is used to protect the body by simple wearing and operation from abnormal environments such as industrial and occupational accidents and abnormal environments such as environmental pollution, fires, and other harmful gases and oxygen deficiencies. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
"Filtration type" that filters, adsorbs and absorbs harmful gases, "Open type" that uses compressed air, and uses a demand regulator to release the expiratory gas with a positive pressure inside the face mask. “Semi-closed type (oxygen)” (utility model registration No. 2059302, No. 2078288, No. 2078391, No. 2090492, No. 2092605, No. 2113311, No. 2136066, No. 2136067) a "gas supplier" of the patent application (JP-a-9-271523) to.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The filtration type is not useful for oxygen deficiency and complex harmful gases.
In the open type, the cylinder is heavy and the total weight is about 20 kg, and since expiratory gas is released, the air is wasted, the operation is difficult, it takes 5 minutes to install (2 minutes for the skilled person), and it can not run in the attached state, Moreover, it is expensive and uncommon.
The semi-closed type is complicated in structure and needs adjustment, and the gas is slightly light because it is an oxygen cylinder, but it is difficult to operate such as canister replacement, is much more expensive than the self-contained type, and has no protection mechanism for the entire head.
The combination type is not useful for 100% carbon dioxide or extremely toxic gas.
[0004]
The present invention has been developed for the following purposes.
(1) It can be used in any harmful gas, oxygen-deficient environment and carbon dioxide environment.
(2) Reuse the oxygen contained in about 15% of the breath gas in one's breathing gas, ensure 18% or more of oxygen even if the outside oxygen is 0%, and the outside of carbon dioxide is 100% However, it should be adsorbed to 1.5% or less.
(3) Protect the hair, face, eyes, nose, mouth, ears, and neck from harmful gases and heat (temperature) damage.
(4) One-touch installation, one-touch operation, weight of about 1 kg, low cost.
(5) The service time should be 60 minutes at maximum, and 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes can be selected.
(6) To be able to use both hands and run (medium labor work), hear sounds and talk (Tel).
(7) Capable of accommodating and supplying a large volume of gas without taking up space.
(8) The bellows portion can be economically constructed and the surface area becomes large, so that an internal temperature rise can be prevented by heat radiation.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The respiratory protection device according to the present invention has a hood portion and a skirt portion. These two parts may be integrated, or may be integrated with separate objects. In any case, a flame retardant material is desirable.
[0006]
The hood section includes a visor, a mask, an adsorber, an exhalation bag, an intake bag, and a neck dam. The hood portion covers the entire head and neck. This visor is preferably made of a transparent material and has heat resistance.
[0007]
The inside of the mask communicates with the exhalation bag through the exhalation valve, with the inhalation bag through the inhalation valve, and directly with the portable oxygen supplier. This mask is of a normal type and is preferably hard, but may be flexible.
[0008]
The exhalation valve and the inhalation valve are preferably called mushroom valves, and the exhalation valve is for opening the passage at the time of exhalation and blocking at the time of inspiration, and the inhalation valve is for opening the passage at the time of inspiration and blocking at the time of exhalation belongs to. These exhalation valves and inhalation valves are preferably arranged on the same straight line or curve in terms of balance, and when they are arranged on a horizontal plane, the exhalation bag and the inspiration bag are arranged horizontally. Above all, it is very preferable.
[0009]
The oxygen supply device is one in which one or more oxygen gas cartridges are attached to a supply device having a cutting device and a pressure reducing valve, and a hose is connected to the pressure reducing valve and the mask.
[0010]
The adsorber is airtight and contains a carbon dioxide adsorbent, and the exhalation bag communicates with one end thereof and the other end communicates with the inhalation bag. This adsorber is for sending the carbon dioxide in the exhaled air flowing in from the exhalation bag to the exhalation bag by being adsorbed by the adsorbent while passing through the inside thereof.
[0011]
The adsorber is preferably an integrally molded product of the adsorbent and the outer casing, but may be one in which a case with a sealed lid is filled with the adsorbent. The former is disposable and the latter is suitable for reuse.
[0012]
The adsorber may be of a type that is connected to the breath and inhalation bags via a coupling, but may be formed in series with both the bags, the exhalation valve, and the inhalation valve. The former is suitable when the hood is used as a part of the bag, and the latter is suitable when the hood and the two bags are independent. Examples of the adsorbent include sophino lime and soda soap (LiOH).
[0013]
These masks, exhalation bags, adsorbers, and inhalation bags form a closed circuit, and circulate breathing gas while receiving oxygen supply from the oxygen supply device. Carbon dioxide is adsorbed and removed by an adsorber, and oxygen is reused.
[0014]
Expiratory air and intake bag each have a deflated due bellows structure. The bellows structure is formed by forming an outer bellows portion in a part of the hood portion, and an inner skin provided with an inner bellows portion opposite to the outer bellows portion. These bags may be inflated if gas is sent in like a normal air sac and contracted if they flow out. As the material of the bag, an elastic material such as rubber or an airtight cloth is used. With such a bellows structure, a large volume of gas can be accommodated and supplied without taking up space, the bellows portion can be economically constructed, and since the surface area is increased, an internal temperature rise can be prevented by heat dissipation.
[0015]
The neck dam is made of an elastic material, closes the opening surface of the hood portion, and has a neck hole in the center. This neck dam is of a normal type, and when this protective equipment is mounted on the head, it fits as closely as possible to the neck and prevents squeeze (tightening). As a result, sparks and smoke are prevented from being directly applied to the neck, and the inside of the hood is kept at a positive pressure with respect to the external pressure by oxygen and exhaled air pushed from the oxygen supply device, and smoke and toxic gas enter from the outside. To prevent. This neck dam is preferably made of silicon or natural rubber.
[0016]
The skirt portion is continuously developed from the peripheral edge of the opening surface of the hood portion. The length of the skirt portion in the developing direction is preferably such that it covers the shoulder. This protects the shoulders from sparks.
[0017]
The hood portion may include a protective pad on the top of the head. In this way, it becomes a buffer when the top of the head hits a building or furniture, or when a beam or the like falls on the top of the head, thereby preventing damage to the top.
[0018]
The mask may have an external strap. In this way, when the hood portion is put on the head and the mask is put on the mouth, the protective device can be attached only by hooking the strap on the back of the head, and the fit of the mask is improved.
[0019]
The differential pressure between the inhalation valve and the exhalation valve, that is, the respiratory resistance may be 3 to 5 cm A q (H 2 O). This facilitates breathing and places no extra strain on the heart.
[0020]
The adsorber may have a curved shape along the inner peripheral side surface of the hood. If it carries out like this, since an adsorber is located so that it may go over a back head, it fits well and does not feel a foreign material in a head.
[0021]
The neck dam may also serve as a safety valve that deforms and releases the internal pressure when the inside of the hood exceeds a predetermined pressure. In this way, the inside of the hood does not become abnormally high in pressure and does not impede breathing.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 is a hood part, 2 is a skirt part.
The hood unit 1 includes a visor 3, a mask 4, an adsorber 5, an expiration bag 6, an intake bag 7, and a neck dam 8.
[0023]
The inside of the mask 4 communicates with the exhalation bag 6 through the exhalation valve 9, communicates with the inhalation bag 7 through the inhalation valve 10, and directly communicates with the portable oxygen supplier 11.
[0024]
The adsorber 5 is airtight and contains a carbon dioxide adsorbent 12, and the exhalation bag 6 communicates with one end thereof and the other end communicates with an inhalation bag 72.
[0025]
The exhalation bag 6 and the inhalation bag 7 are inflatable and contractible, respectively.
The neck dam 8 is made of an elastic material, closes the opening surface 13 of the hood portion 1, and has a neck hole 14 in the center.
The skirt portion 2 is continuously developed from the peripheral edge of the opening surface 13 of the hood portion 1.
[0026]
In use, the hood 1 is placed on the head so that the visor 3 is in front of the eyes, the head is passed through the neck hole 14 of the neck dam 8, and the hood 1 is put on the head. The mask 4 is applied to the mouth, and the shoulder is covered with the skirt 2. The gas cartridge of the oxygen supplier 11 is opened so that oxygen flows through the mask 4.
[0027]
When the air is sucked, the exhalation valve 9 is closed, the inhalation valve 10 is opened, and the air in the inhalation bag 7, the adsorber 5 and the exhalation bag 6 is sucked into the mask 4 through the inhalation valve 10 and is sucked into the lungs. The exhalation bag 6 and the inhalation bag 7 are deflated. Since carbon in the exhalation bag 6 contains carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide is adsorbed by the adsorbent 12 while the air passes through the adsorber 5. During this inspiration, oxygen flowing out from the oxygen supply device 11 also flows into the mask 4 and is sucked into the lung together with the air that has flowed into the mask 4 through the intake valve 10.
[0028]
When the air is exhaled, the intake valve 10 is closed, the exhalation valve 9 is opened, and the exhaled air flows into the exhalation bag 6, the adsorber 5, and the intake bag 7, and both bags 6 and 7 are inflated. Also in this case, carbon dioxide is removed from the air flowing into the intake bag 7 through the adsorber 5 by the adsorbent 12.
[0029]
Each of the exhalation bag 6 and the inhalation bag 7 has expansion and contraction properties due to the bellows structure 23. For this reason, a large volume of gas can be accommodated and supplied without taking up space. The bellows structure 23 has an outer bellows portion 24 formed in a part of the hood portion 1, and an inner skin 26 provided with an inner bellows portion 25 opposite to the outer bellows portion 24 is attached to the hood portion 1. Is formed. For this reason, the bellows portion can be economically configured and the surface area becomes large, so that an internal temperature rise can be prevented by heat radiation.
[0030]
Since the neck dam 8 is kept in close contact with the neck through the neck hole 14 in the hood portion 1, it is kept at a positive pressure by oxygen flowing from the oxygen supply device 11. When the pressure in the hood 1 is increased, the neck dam 8 is bent around the neck hole 14 to create a gap between the neck dam 8 and the air diffuses into the skirt portion 2 and flows out.
[0031]
Thereafter, the same operation is repeated, and the oxygen flowing from the oxygen supply unit 11 is eventually lost. However, when the oxygen supply is completed, oxygen in the air circulation system in the hood unit 1 is consumed and carbon dioxide is adsorbed. 7 sags and the respiratory volume gradually decreases. At this point, the function of the holder ends.
[0032]
As described above, the respiratory protection device of the present invention does not stop breathing immediately when the oxygen supply stops as in the prior art, but can predict the end by becoming difficult to breathe, which is a kind of safety mechanism Works.
[0033]
【Example】
Trial production, testing, and evaluation were performed using a conventional food mask approved for fire evacuation and a combined oxygen supplement type.
(1) The oxygen supply amount was 1.5 l / min (tidal volume: 2 l × 15 times / min).
(2) Assuming a carbon dioxide generation amount of 1.5 l / min, 300 g of an absorbent (soda soap) having a performance of 150 l · CO 2 / kg was filled in a canister (30 minutes).
(3) The inhalation and exhalation bags were provided with a hooked structure, each of which was 1 l at the time of maximum expansion, and was heat-sealed in the hood part (maximum volume: 3 l).
(4) The inhalation and exhalation valves attached to the mask were made of silicon mushroom valves, and were designed to be one-way (breathing resistance / differential pressure ± 5 cm A q H2O or less).
The evaluation test is a test method based on JIS and the results of an experiment by a subject. As a result, the exercise load is a heart rate of 120 to 150 times / minute, and the above conditions for 30 minutes are inhaled oxygen 18% or more and carbon dioxide 0.5% or less. Yes, of course, the pressure in the hood always showed positive pressure, and there was no problem of harmful gas intrusion. Wearing is within 10 seconds, weight is 800g,
The field of view and telephone call were good, and the most concerned about the internal temperature rise was the unpleasantness of the bag's bag structure.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the hood portion is completely covered by the head, and a circulatory system of breathing gas is provided in the hood portion, connected to the oxygen supply device and disconnected from the outside. A gas volume necessary for one breath is ensured, and a carbon dioxide adsorber is interposed in the circulation system, and the expansion and contraction of the exhalation bag and the inhalation bag is achieved by a bellows-like configuration. The shape of the hood is formed by forming a bellows portion in a part of the hood, and an inner skin provided with the bellows portion opposite to the bellows portion, and thus has the following effects. .
(1) The hair, face, eyes, nose, mouth, ears and neck can be protected from harmful gases and heat (temperature) damage.
(2) It can be used even in harmful gases, or in an oxygen-deficient environment or carbon dioxide environment.
(3) The carbon dioxide in one's breathing gas can be removed and the oxygen can be reused, and therefore the service time can be extended.
(4) Since the inside of the hood can be kept at a positive pressure, no external harmful gas can enter the hood.
(5) Easy installation and quick operation.
(6) Can use both hands, can run, can hear sounds and talk.
(7) A large volume of gas can be accommodated and supplied without taking up space.
(8) The bellows portion can be economically constructed and the surface area is increased, so that the internal temperature rise can be prevented by heat radiation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a specific example of a respiratory protection device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially cut slope view.
FIG. 3 is a cutaway view of a mask for illustrating the configuration of an exhalation valve and an inhalation valve.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a deformation of an exhalation (inhalation) bag.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hood part 2 Skirt part 3 Visor 4 Mask 5 Adsorber 6 Exhalation bag 7 Intake bag 8 Neck dam 9 Exhalation valve 10 Intake valve 11 Oxygen supply device 12 Adsorbent 13 Opening surface 14 Neck hole

Claims (1)

It has a hood part (1) and a skirt part (2),
The hood (1) includes a visor (3), a mask (4), an adsorber (5), an exhalation bag (6), an inspiratory bag (7) and a neck dam (8).
The inside of the mask (4) is directly connected to the expiratory bag (6) through the exhalation valve (9), directly into the inspiratory bag (7) through the inspiratory valve (10), and the portable oxygenator (11). Communicate with each
The adsorber (5) is airtight and contains a carbon dioxide adsorbent (12), the exhalation bag (6) communicates with one end thereof, and the other end communicates with the inhalation bag (7),
Each of the exhalation and inhalation bags (6, 7) has an inflating and contracting property due to the bellows structure (23) ,
Bellows structure (23) forms an outer bellows part (24) in a part of the receptacle (1), endothelial having an inner bellows portion relative to the outer bellows section (24) (25) (26 ) Is attached to this hood part (1) ,
The neck dam (8) is made of an elastic material, closes the opening surface (13) of the hood portion (1), and has a neck hole (14) in the center,
The respiratory protection device, wherein the skirt portion (2) is continuously developed from the periphery of the opening surface (13) of the hood portion (1).

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