JP3966379B2 - Surveying instrument - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surveying instrument having a centripetal mechanism for accurately and easily arranging a surveying instrument at a surveying point (reference point or the like).
[0002]
[Prior art]
When surveying with a surveying instrument, it is necessary to make the machine center of the surveying instrument coincide with the vertical line of the surveying point such as a reference point on the ground, that is, to center the machine in the preparation stage of surveying. In general, as a surveying instrument having a centripetal mechanism for performing this centripetal operation, a centripetal telescope built in the surveying instrument collimates a measuring point and performs centripetalization.
[0003]
However, in the surveying instrument using the centripetal telescope, the centripetal work is performed by sliding the surveying instrument on the tripod while looking through the centripetal telescope. During this centripetal work, the worker has to maintain the posture of the middle waist in order to continue to look into the centripetal telescope, so that there is a problem that the worker becomes tired and takes time to work.
[0004]
Therefore, the applicant attaches a CCD camera to the outside of the surveying instrument from the eyepiece side of the centripetal telescope built in the surveying instrument described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-30521, and images captured by this CCD camera. Has been developed to display on the display of the surveying instrument. In this surveying instrument, the centripetal work is performed by sliding the surveying instrument while looking at the display, so that the centripetal work is simplified and the centripetal work is carried out in an easy posture without requiring the operator to maintain the posture of the middle waist. Workability is improved.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the centripetal operation is performed with a surveying instrument equipped with a CCD camera outside, the CCD camera protrudes greatly horizontally from the surveying instrument, so that the operator's hand holding the surveying instrument when sliding the surveying instrument etc. There is a problem that the body and the CCD camera interfere with each other. Further, when surveying after completion of the centripetal work, the above problem does not occur if the survey is performed with the CCD camera removed, but the work efficiency of the CCD camera is lowered because the detachment work of the CCD camera is required for each centripetal work. In addition, it is necessary to secure the storage location of the removed CCD camera, and there has been a problem that is caused when the portability of the surveying instrument is impaired.
[0006]
In view of the above problems, the present invention has an object to provide a surveying instrument capable of accurately and easily arranging a surveying instrument at a surveying point and having good centripetal work and surveying workability and work efficiency. And
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention incorporates a CCD camera or a CMOS camera that captures an image immediately below the surveying instrument main body, and displays an image captured by the CCD camera or the CMOS camera. The display is configured to be able to display an index corresponding to the machine center of the surveying instrument, the surveying instrument body has a hollow cylindrical vertical axis, and the CCD camera or CMOS is on the axis of the vertical axis A camera is provided, and an image immediately below the surveying instrument main body is captured through a hollow portion of the vertical axis .
[0008]
According to this, since the CCD camera or the CMOS camera is built in the surveying instrument body, when the surveying instrument is slid, the operator's hand or body holding the surveying instrument and the CCD camera or the like do not interfere with each other. . In addition, since there is no need to attach / detach the CCD camera or the like, the work efficiency does not decrease, and it is not necessary to secure a storage place for the CCD camera or the like, so that the portability of the surveying instrument is not impaired.
[0009]
In this case, the main body of the surveying instrument has a hollow cylindrical vertical axis, the CCD camera or the CMOS camera is provided on the axis of the vertical axis, and an image immediately below the main body of the surveying instrument is captured through the hollow part of the vertical axis. Is preferred. Furthermore, a beam splitter that transmits and reflects light that has passed through the hollow portion of the vertical axis from below the surveying instrument main body is provided on the axis of the vertical axis and below the CCD camera or CMOS camera, and the light that has passed through the beam splitter. May be received by a CCD camera or a CMOS camera to capture an image immediately below the surveying instrument body, and the light reflected by the beam splitter may be observed with the naked eye.
[0010]
The surveying instrument main body has a hollow cylindrical vertical axis, and the CCD camera or the CMOS camera is provided at a position offset from the axis of the vertical axis, and has passed through the hollow part of the vertical axis from the lower side of the surveying instrument main body. You may make it provide the optical path change means which refracts or reflects light and makes the said CCD camera or a CMOS camera light-receive.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0012]
Referring to FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a total station for performing distance measurement and angle measurement, and the total station 1 includes a main body casing 2. The main casing 2 includes two support columns 3, and a horizontal shaft (not shown) is rotatably supported between the two support columns 3. The collimating telescope 4 is fixed to the horizontal axis perpendicularly to the axial direction, so that the collimating telescope 4 can be rotated in the vertical direction.
[0013]
A display unit 5 is disposed at the lower part of the main casing 2, and the display unit 5 includes a display 5 a and an operation key group 5 b. The display 5a displays distance measurement angle data when performing distance measurement, and displays an image around an index and a reference point described later during centripetal work. The operation key group 5b adjacent to the display 5a is for inputting necessary setting conditions and the like.
[0014]
Further, the main body casing 2 is arranged and leveled on a leveling table 6, and ranging and measuring work is performed in a state where the leveling table 6 is placed on a tripod (not shown). With reference to FIG. 2, a shaft cylinder 7 extending in the vertical direction is suspended from the leveling table 6, and a vertical shaft 8 provided in the main body casing 2 is inserted into the shaft cylinder 7. It is rotatably supported via a ball bearing. Thereby, the main body casing 2 is integrated with the leveling table 6, and is rotatable with respect to the leveling table 6 in the horizontal direction.
[0015]
The upper end portion of the shaft cylinder 7 and the upper end portion of the vertical shaft 8 are respectively formed with flange portions 7a and 8a facing each other, and the flange portions 7a and 8a have an annular main scale 7b and a subscale 8b. Each is attached. Both scales 7b and 8b are arranged opposite to each other with a minute gap therebetween, and the subscale 8b rotates relative to the main scale 7b by the rotation of the vertical shaft 8. In addition, a light emitting element and a light receiving element (not shown) are arranged opposite to each other with both scales 7b and 8b interposed therebetween. These light emitting element, light receiving element, and both scales 7b and 8b constitute an optical rotary encoder E that is a horizontal angle sensor that detects the amount of rotation of the main casing 2.
[0016]
The vertical shaft 8 provided in the main body casing 2 is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape, and at the upper end thereof, the CCD camera 9 is directed vertically downward so that the optical axis of the camera coincides with the axis L of the vertical shaft 8. Are fixed. As a result, the CCD camera 9 can capture an image immediately below the total station 1 through the hollow portion of the vertical shaft 8. Further, the CCD camera 9 is connected to the display unit 5 by wiring (not shown) in the main body casing 2, and an image immediately below the total station 1 captured by the CCD camera 9 can be displayed on the display 5 a of the display unit 5. ing.
[0017]
Referring to FIG. 3, the display 5 a is capable of displaying an index 10 corresponding to the axis L of the vertical axis 8, that is, the machine center of the total station 1 and corresponding to the optical axis of the CCD camera 9. The index 10 is input and set in advance, and is displayed together with the camera image when a switch (not shown) of the CCD camera 9 is turned on. The index 10 is composed of a circle 10 a and a cross line 10 b composed of XY coordinates, and the intersection point P of the cross line 10 b accurately corresponds to the machine center of the total station 1.
[0018]
The center of the total station 1 is centripeted by matching the intersection P of the cross line 10b with a measurement point, for example, the reference point A. When the intersection point P and the reference point A do not coincide with each other, a number 10c indicating the distance between the intersection point P and the reference point A, a moving direction for making the intersection point P coincide with the reference point A, and the like are displayed. The
[0019]
Referring to FIG. 4, the control system of total station 1 includes a distance measurement and angle measurement unit 11 that performs distance measurement and a calculation processing unit (CPU) 12 that calculates and processes data from the distance measurement and angle measurement unit, It is comprised from the display 13 as a display screen which displays the data processed by the arithmetic processing part.
[0020]
Next, with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 5, the operation of the total station 1 when centripeting is performed so that the machine center of the total station 1 coincides with the reference point A will be described. In the present embodiment, the total station 1 is turned on in advance, or is turned on but is in a standby mode (a state in which no display is made on the display 5a).
[0021]
First, the worker roughly aligns so that the total station 1 is positioned above the reference point A (S1). After the rough alignment, when the operator turns on a switch (not shown) of the CCD camera 9 (S2), the display 5a of the display unit 5 displays the index 10 and the image from the CCD camera 9 under the control of the arithmetic processing unit. (S3).
[0022]
When the index 10 and the image are displayed, it is subsequently determined whether or not the reference point A is present in the image from the CCD camera 9 (S4). If there is no reference point A in the image from the CCD camera 9 (S4: No), error processing is performed (S5), and the process of step S4 is performed until the reference point A is located in the image from the CCD camera 9. repeat.
[0023]
In the error processing, for example, it can be notified that there is no reference point A in the image from the CCD camera 9 with various sounds. In addition to the voice, a lamp may blink, or a message may be displayed on the display 5a.
[0024]
If the reference point A is present in the image from the CCD camera 9 (S4: Yes), it is then determined whether or not the reference point A is within the circle 10a of the index 10 (S6). When the reference point A is not in the circle 10a of the index 10 (S6: No), the process of step S6 is repeated until the reference point A is located in the circle 10a of the index 10. If the reference point A is within the circle 10a of the index 10 (S6: Yes), it is subsequently determined whether or not the reference point A matches the intersection P of the cross line 10b that is the center of the index 10 (S7). ).
[0025]
When the reference point A does not coincide with the intersection point P of the cross line 10b (S7: No), the distance from the intersection point P of the cross line 10b to the reference point A on the display 5a or the cross line 10b A moving direction or the like for causing the intersection point to coincide with the reference point A is displayed (S8), and the process of step S7 is repeated until the intersection point coincides.
[0026]
When the reference point A coincides with the intersection point P of the cross line 10b (S7: Yes), the coincidence is notified (S9). This notification of coincidence can be notified of the coincidence by various voices. In addition to voice, a lamp different from the error processing may blink, or a message may be displayed on the display 5a.
[0027]
In the present embodiment, the configuration in which the image captured by the CCD camera 9 is displayed on the display 5a for distance measurement and angle measurement data is shown. However, a dedicated display for displaying only the image captured by the CCD camera 9 is separately provided. You may do it.
[0028]
Further, in this embodiment, the CCD camera 9 is fixed to the upper end of the hollow cylindrical vertical shaft 8, but this is offset from the axis L of the vertical shaft 8 as shown in FIG. A CCD camera 9 is provided at a position, and a member 14 such as a prism or a mirror that refracts or reflects light that has passed through the hollow portion of the vertical shaft 8 from below the total station 1 is fixed to the upper end of the vertical shaft 8. The reflected light may be received by the CCD camera (optical path changing means). As a result, the degree of freedom of the installation position of the CCD camera 9 is increased. For example, by installing the CCD camera 9 in place of the reticle or eyepiece of a surveying instrument using a conventional centripetal telescope, the centripetal mechanism can be performed in a simple process. Can be configured.
[0029]
Further, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), light passing through the hollow portion of the vertical shaft 8 from below the total station 1 is transmitted and reflected below the CCD camera 9 provided on the axis L of the vertical shaft 8. A beam splitter 15 is provided, and the light transmitted through the beam splitter 15 is received by the CCD camera 9 so that an image immediately below the total station 1 is captured and displayed on the display 5a, and the light reflected by the beam splitter 15 is the same as in the conventional case. Alternatively, the centripetal telescope 16 may be configured to be observable. If comprised in this way, the operator can select the centripetal method according to a condition. For example, if more precise centripetal is required due to the number of pixels and resolution of the CCD camera 9 and the display 5a, the centripetal work may be performed by looking directly into the centripetal telescope.
[0030]
In the present embodiment, the CCD camera 9 is used as a camera that captures an image immediately below the total station 1. However, any camera that can capture an image that can be displayed on the display 5a may be used. It may be used. Further, the indicator 10 displayed on the display 5a is not limited to the shape described above, but may be another shape.
[0031]
In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various change is possible as needed.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, the present invention has a CCD camera or a CMOS camera built in the main body of the surveying instrument, so that when the surveying instrument is slid, the hand or body that holds the surveying instrument of the operator and the CCD camera And so on. In addition, since there is no need to attach / detach the CCD camera or the like, the work efficiency does not decrease, and it is not necessary to secure a storage place for the CCD camera or the like, so that the portability of the surveying instrument is not impaired.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a display. Block diagram [FIG. 5] A flowchart showing an example of the operation of the present embodiment [FIG. 6] A diagram showing another embodiment [Explanation of symbols]
2 Body casing 5 Display unit 8 Vertical axis 9 CCD camera 10 Index

Claims (2)

  The surveying instrument main body includes a CCD camera or a CMOS camera that captures an image immediately below the surveying instrument main body, and a display that displays an image captured by the CCD camera or the CMOS camera. The surveying instrument body is equipped with a hollow cylindrical vertical axis, and the CCD camera or CMOS camera is provided on the axis of the vertical axis, and the surveying is conducted through the hollow part of the vertical axis. A surveying instrument that captures an image directly under the machine body. 該鉛and on the axis of the direct-axis provided with the CCD camera or beam-flop splitter for transmitting and reflecting light that has passed through the hollow portion of the vertical shaft from the lower side of the instrument body below the CMOS camera, is transmitted through the beam-flop splitter with capturing an image around beneath the instrument body by receiving light on CCD or CMOS camera, according to claim 1, characterized in that the observable configured with the naked eye the light reflected by the beam-flop splitter Surveyor.

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