JP3947019B2 - How to reduce chemical damage - Google Patents
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- JP3947019B2 JP3947019B2 JP2002061606A JP2002061606A JP3947019B2 JP 3947019 B2 JP3947019 B2 JP 3947019B2 JP 2002061606 A JP2002061606 A JP 2002061606A JP 2002061606 A JP2002061606 A JP 2002061606A JP 3947019 B2 JP3947019 B2 JP 3947019B2
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- phytotoxicity
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、除草剤や殺虫剤を散布した場合に有用植物に与える薬害を軽減して、有用植物を健全に生育させるための農薬の薬害を軽減する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
従来から有用植物の生育に悪影響を及ぼす雑草、害虫等を防除する目的で多くの農薬が使用されているが、使用する農薬の種類によっては、雑草や害虫だけでなく有用植物の健全な成長に悪影響を与える場合(いわゆる「薬害」)がある。
この薬害を軽減する目的で、特に除草剤に対してこれまでにも種々の薬害軽減剤が提案されている。
しかしながら、一般的に薬害軽減剤の使用は特定の除草剤の薬害を軽減する効果が得られるものの、幅広い除草剤等の農薬に対して優れた薬害低減効果を得ることができなかった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、かかる実情の下になされたものであって、種々の農薬を使用した場合に、農薬の活性を低下させることなく、有用植物に与える薬害を効果的に軽減する薬害軽減方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、有用植物に薬害をもたらす農薬の施用前、農薬施用時または農薬施用後に、海藻またはそのエキスを含む肥料およびその類似物、有用植物成長調整剤または栄養剤等を散布すると、農薬の活性を低下させることなく、有用植物に与える薬害が大幅に軽減されて有用植物が健全に成長することを見出し、本発明を完成するに到った。
【0005】
かくして本発明によれば、有用植物の栽培時に農薬を散布した場合に発生する薬害を軽減する方法であって、農薬施用前、農薬施用時または農薬施用後に、海藻若しくはそのエキスを含有してなる組成物を散布すること特徴とする農薬の薬害軽減方法が提供される。
【0006】
本発明においては、前記海藻として、アスコフィラム・ノドサムまたはエクロニア・マキシマを用いるのが好ましい。
また、前記組成物として、20mg/リットル以上のベタインを含有する組成物を使用するのが好ましい。
【0007】
さらに本発明においては、前記農薬が、レナシル、クロリダゾン、フュンメディファム、ベンタゾン、セトキシジム、MCP、リニュロン、ペンディメタリン、アイオキシニル、メトリブジン、イマザモックスアンモニウム塩、ピラフルフェンエチル、テプラロキシジムおよびエチオフェンカルブから選ばれる1種または2種以上であるのが好ましい。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の薬害軽減方法を詳細に説明する。
(1)海藻若しくはそのエキスを含有してなる組成物
本発明は、海藻若しくはそのエキスを含有してなる組成物(以下、単に「組成物」と略す。)を農薬の薬害軽減剤として用いることを特徴とする。
【0009】
海藻は、海底に定着して成育する藻類の総称であり、緑藻類、褐藻類、紅藻類などに分類される。本発明に用いる組成物は、いずれの海藻も製造原料として好適に用いることができる。中でも、本発明の優れた効果を得ることができる観点から、アスコフィラム・ノドサムまたはエクロニア・マキシマを用いるのが特に好ましい。
【0010】
アスコフィラム・ノドサムおよびエクロニア・マキシマは、他の海藻に比べ、植物の成長に不可欠な各種アミノ酸、アルギン酸、多糖類、ビタミン類、核酸、酵素、色素、植物ホルモン様物質、ベタイン類を多く含んでいる。
【0011】
また、アスコフィラム・ノドサムおよびエクロニア・マキシマは、ベタイン類を他の海藻に比べ5〜13倍も多く含んでいる。ベタイン類は、式:(CH3)3N+−CHR−COO−(式中、Rは水素原子、メチル基、フェニル基等を表す。)で表される化合物である。
【0012】
ベタインは、外的ストレス(水分、塩分、温度、傷など)に対する抵抗力を高め、根や葉面からの吸収および植物体内移行を促進する作用を有する。本発明の組成物は、このベタインを20mg/リットル以上含有するものが好ましい。
【0013】
前記組成物は、海藻またはそのエキスを含む肥料およびその類似物、有用植物成長調節剤または栄養剤であり、その製造方法は特に制約されない。その製造方法としては、例えば、海藻を採取後、洗浄して、砂、塩分、貝殻などの不純物を除去し、−20℃付近でブロック状に冷凍した後、−50℃付近でクリーム状に加工する方法が挙げられる。本発明はこれに限定されず、海藻を乾燥・粉砕、抽出するなどの種々の加工方法により、液状、クリーム状、固体状などの組成物を製造することができる。
【0014】
前記組成物には、海藻又はそのエキスのほか、所望により、窒素、苦土、ホウ素、リン酸、カリなどの肥料成分などを含有させることができる。肥料成分を添加することで、植物の生長促進効果がさらに高められ、本発明のより優れた薬害軽減効果を得ることができる。
【0015】
前記組成物の具体例としては、シーマジック(神協産業(株)製)、神協液肥(神協産業(株)製)、ゴエマー1号((株)ニッソーグリーン製)、ゴエマー2号((株)ニッソーグリーン製)、ケルパック(ロイヤル・インダストリーズ社製)、ハイケルプ(沖本商事(株)製)、アサヒケルプ(旭化学工業(株)製)等が挙げられる。
【0016】
(2)農薬
本発明が適用できる農薬としては、有用植物に対して施用すると、その有用植物に薬害をもたらすものであれば、除草剤、農園芸用殺菌剤、農園芸用殺虫・殺ダニ剤など特に限定されない。また、土壌処理剤であっても、茎葉処理剤であってもよい。
【0017】
特に優れた薬害軽減効果が得られる農薬としては、レナシル、クロリダゾン、フェンメディファム、ベンタゾン、セトキシジム、MCP、リニュロン、ペンディメタリン、アイオキシニル、メトリブジン、イマザモックスアンモニウム塩、ピラフルフェンエチル、テプラロキシジム等の除草剤;エチオフェンカルブ等の殺虫剤;及びこれらの2種以上の組み合わせ等が挙げられる。
【0018】
前記組成物の使用方法は特に制限されない。通常、所定量の水に希釈して得られる希釈液を有用植物に散布する。希釈率は特に制限されないが、通常10〜10,000倍、好ましくは100〜3,000倍程度である。
【0019】
前記組成物は、農薬と適宜組み合わせて施用する。施用方法としては、土壌散布処理法、茎葉散布処理法などが挙げられる。土壌散布処理法では、有用植物の種子を播種する前の土壌に散布する。茎葉散布処理法では、有用植物が発芽した後の任意の時期に有用植物及びその周辺部に散布する。
【0020】
前記組成物と農薬との組み合わせる方法としては、例えば、(i)前記組成物と農薬とを予め混合して有用植物に散布する方法、(ii)農薬の散布前に前記組成物を有用植物に散布した後、農薬を散布する方法、(iii)農薬を散布した後、前記組成物を散布する方法が挙げられる。
【0021】
また、優れた薬害軽減効果を得る上では、農薬と前記組成物の散布時期の時間差は短時間であるのが好ましい。農薬と前記組成物の散布時期の時間差は、通常72時間以内、好ましくは48時間以内、より好ましくは24時間以内、特に好ましくは6時間以内である。
【0022】
前記組成物の散布量は、有用植物の種類、農薬の種類および散布量等によって異なるが、組成物中の海藻量が10アール当たり、1〜400g、好ましくは20〜200gとなる量である。
【0023】
本発明の薬害軽減方法が適用できる有用植物としては、農薬を散布して薬害が生じ、薬害の軽減が必要である有用植物であれば特に制約されない。例えば、茶、ほうれんそう、レタス、ハクサイ、セルリー、ネギ、キャベツ、人参、大根、かぶ、ごぼう、トマト、きゅうり、なす、ピーマン、メロン、すいか、かぼちゃ、うり、まくわうり、いちご、みかん、はっさく、いよかん、ぽんかん、夏みかん、リンゴ、かき、なし、びわ、キウイフルーツ、もも、すもも、梅、おうとう、たまねぎ、にんにく、らっきょう、球根類、アズキ、枝豆、インゲン、えんどう、大豆、落花生、じゃがいも、さつまいも、稲、麦、とうもろこし、ビート、芝生、キク、野菜、花卉類、アスパラガス等の有用植物が挙げられる。
【0024】
【実施例】
次に実施例および試験例を挙げ、本発明を更に説明する。本発明は下記の実施例に限定されることなく、本発明の主旨を逸脱しない範囲で、組成物、農薬、対象有用植物等を自由に変更することができる。
【0025】
実施例1 ビート薬害軽減試験
ビートの種子をペーパーポットに播種し、2葉期まで育苗した。2葉期のビートを6号ポットに4固体ずつ移植し、1試験区当たり4ポット使用した。試験区1、2において、除草剤レナパック(100g/10a)およびベタナール(400ml/10a)を散布した(散布水量100リットル/10a)。
散布2日後、1000倍に希釈したゴエマー2号(日本曹達(株)製 海藻クリーム量20%)を試験区1、3に散布した(散布量100リットル/10a)。ゴエマー2号散布後、7日目に薬害程度を目視観察し、0(なし)〜10(枯死)の指数で評価した。ここで、指数が4以上の場合は実用上問題となる。すなわち、有用植物の健全な生育に悪影響を与える。逆に、指数が4未満であれば実用上問題はない(以下の表にて同じである。)。
更に5日後、解体調査を行なった。解体調査は子葉直下で地上部を切除し、最大葉長、葉数、地上部重を測定した。結果を第1表に示す。
【0026】
【表1】
【0027】
第1表から、ゴエマー2号を除草剤散布後に施用すると(試験区1)、ゴエマー2号を無処理の場合(試験区2)に比して薬害が軽減され、ビートが健全に生育することが分かる。
【0028】
実施例2 アズキ薬害軽減試験
第1本葉展開初期まで育苗したアズキの苗を除草した畝上に移植した。11日後、大きな雑草を手取した後、100l/10aの散布水量で、除草剤イマザモックスアンモニウム塩(商品名:パワーカイザー、BASFアグロ(株)製、以下、「除草剤A」と略す。)300ml、ゴエマー1号100g(海藻クリーム量20g)または200g(海藻クリーム量40g)となるよう調整した薬液を散布した。散布方法は、(a)除草剤Aとゴエマー1号とを散布前に混合して使用(混用)、(b)ゴエマー1号散布1日後、除草剤A散布(体系前処理)、(c)除草剤A散布後、ゴエマー1号散布(体系後処理)、(d)除草剤Aのみ散布(単葉)、および(e)無処理の5通りで行なった。除草剤Aの除草効果と薬害を1週間おきに調査した。調査結果を、0(なし)〜10(枯死)の10段階指数で評価した。結果を第2表および第3表に示す。
【0029】
【表2】
【0030】
【表3】
【0031】
第2表及び第3表から、ゴエマー1号は、除草剤Aがアズキにもたらす薬害を軽減する効果があり、かつ、除草剤Aの除草活性を低下させないことがわかる。
【0032】
実施例3 ダイズ薬害軽減試験
ダイズ(品種:トヨオトメ)を5号鉢に2株ずつ植え、1区画(1m2)に5鉢置いた。殺虫剤エチオフェンカルブ乳剤(商品名:アリルメート乳剤、日本バイエルアグロケム(株)製)1gおよびゴエマー1号(海藻クリーム量20%)1gを、それぞれ水1リットルに懸濁させた。それぞれの薬液を1区画当たり200ml散布し、散布後、3、7、14日に薬害を目視観察した。調査結果を、0(なし)〜10(枯死)の10段階指数で評価した。結果を第4表に示す。
【0033】
【表4】
【0034】
第4表から、ゴエマー1号を使用することにより、殺虫剤エチオフェンカルブがダイズに与える薬害が大幅に軽減された。
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、種々の農薬の有用植物に対する薬害を軽減する優れた効果を得ることができる。また、海藻またはそのエキスを含有してなる組成物は、農薬の効果にはほとんど影響を与えないことから、本発明の方法は、農薬による薬害の軽減方法として実用的な方法となり得る。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for reducing the phytotoxicity of agrochemicals for healthy growth of useful plants by reducing phytotoxicity to useful plants when a herbicide or insecticide is sprayed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Many pesticides have been used for the purpose of controlling weeds and pests that have an adverse effect on the growth of useful plants.However, depending on the type of pesticide used, not only weeds and pests can be used for healthy growth of useful plants. There are cases where it has an adverse effect (so-called “drug damage”).
For the purpose of reducing this phytotoxicity, various phytotoxicity reducing agents have been proposed so far, particularly for herbicides.
However, in general, the use of a phytotoxicity reducing agent can reduce the phytotoxicity of a specific herbicide, but it has not been able to obtain an excellent phytotoxicity reduction effect for a wide range of pesticides such as herbicides.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made under such circumstances, and provides a method for reducing phytotoxicity that effectively reduces phytotoxicity to useful plants without reducing the activity of the pesticide when various pesticides are used. The task is to do.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor applies a fertilizer including seaweed or an extract thereof and the like thereof, a useful plant growth regulator or a nutrient before application of an agrochemical that causes phytotoxicity to useful plants, or after application of an agricultural chemical, It was found that the phytotoxicity given to useful plants was greatly reduced without reducing the activity of the plants, and the useful plants grew healthy, and the present invention was completed.
[0005]
Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for reducing phytotoxicity that occurs when agricultural chemicals are sprayed during the cultivation of useful plants, which contains seaweed or an extract thereof before, during or after the application of agricultural chemicals. There is provided a method for reducing phytotoxicity of an agricultural chemical characterized by spraying the composition.
[0006]
In the present invention, it is preferable to use Ascophilum nodsum or Echonia maxima as the seaweed.
Moreover, it is preferable to use a composition containing 20 mg / liter or more of betaine as the composition.
[0007]
Further, in the present invention, the agrochemical is renacil, chloridazone, fung medifam, bentazone, cetoxidim, MCP, linuron, pendimethalin, ioxynil, metribudine, imazamoxammonium salt, pyraflufenethyl, tepraloxydim, and etiophencarb. It is preferable that it is 1 type, or 2 or more types chosen from these.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the method for reducing phytotoxicity of the present invention will be described in detail.
(1) Composition comprising seaweed or extract thereof In the present invention, a composition comprising seaweed or extract thereof (hereinafter simply referred to as “composition”) is used as a phytotoxicity reducing agent for agricultural chemicals. It is characterized by.
[0009]
Seaweed is a general term for algae that grow and settle on the sea floor, and is classified into green algae, brown algae, red algae, and the like. In the composition used in the present invention, any seaweed can be suitably used as a production raw material. Among these, from the viewpoint of obtaining the excellent effect of the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use Ascophyram nodsum or Echonia maxima.
[0010]
Ascophyllum Nodsum and Echonia maxima contain more amino acids, alginic acid, polysaccharides, vitamins, nucleic acids, enzymes, pigments, plant hormone-like substances, and betaines essential for plant growth than other seaweeds. .
[0011]
In addition, Ascophilum nodosum and Echonia maxima contain 5 to 13 times more betaines than other seaweeds. Betaines are compounds represented by the formula: (CH 3 ) 3 N + —CHR—COO − (wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group, etc.).
[0012]
Betaine has the effect of enhancing resistance to external stress (water, salt, temperature, wounds, etc.) and promoting absorption from the roots and leaves and migration into the plant. The composition of the present invention preferably contains 20 mg / liter or more of this betaine.
[0013]
The composition is a fertilizer containing seaweed or an extract thereof and the like, a useful plant growth regulator or a nutrient, and the production method is not particularly limited. For example, the seaweed is collected, washed to remove impurities such as sand, salt, and shells, frozen in a block at around -20 ° C, and then processed into a cream at around -50 ° C. The method of doing is mentioned. This invention is not limited to this, Compositions, such as liquid form, cream form, and solid form, can be manufactured with various processing methods, such as drying, grinding | pulverizing, and extracting seaweed.
[0014]
In addition to seaweed or an extract thereof, the composition may contain fertilizer components such as nitrogen, bitter earth, boron, phosphoric acid, and potassium, if desired. By adding a fertilizer component, the plant growth promoting effect can be further enhanced, and the better phytotoxicity mitigating effect of the present invention can be obtained.
[0015]
Specific examples of the composition include Sea Magic (manufactured by Shinkyo Sangyo Co., Ltd.), Shinkyo Liquid Fertilizer (manufactured by Shinkyo Sangyo Co., Ltd.), Gomer 1 (manufactured by Nisso Green Co., Ltd.), Gomer 2 ( (Nisso Green Co., Ltd.), Kelpack (Royal Industries Co., Ltd.), Hi Kelp (Okimoto Shoji Co., Ltd.), Asahi Kelp (Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and the like.
[0016]
(2) Pesticides The pesticides to which the present invention can be applied are herbicides, agricultural and horticultural fungicides, agricultural and horticultural insecticides and acaricides, as long as they are phytotoxic when applied to useful plants. There is no particular limitation. Further, it may be a soil treatment agent or a foliage treatment agent.
[0017]
Pesticides that have particularly excellent phytotoxicity-reducing effects include lenacyl, chloridazone, fenmedifam, bentazone, cetoxydim, MCP, linuron, pendimethalin, ioxynil, metribudine, imazamoxammonium salt, pyraflufenethyl, tepraloxy And herbicides such as Jim; insecticides such as etiophencarb; and combinations of two or more thereof.
[0018]
The method for using the composition is not particularly limited. Usually, a diluted solution obtained by diluting in a predetermined amount of water is sprayed on useful plants. The dilution rate is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 to 10,000 times, preferably about 100 to 3,000 times.
[0019]
The composition is applied in appropriate combination with an agrochemical. Examples of the application method include a soil spray treatment method and a foliage spray treatment method. In the soil spraying method, the seeds of useful plants are sprayed on the soil before sowing. In the foliage spraying method, the useful plant and its peripheral part are sprayed at any time after the useful plant germinates.
[0020]
Examples of the method of combining the composition and the pesticide include, for example, (i) a method in which the composition and the pesticide are mixed in advance and sprayed on useful plants, and (ii) the composition is applied to the useful plants before spraying the pesticide. Examples include a method of spraying an agricultural chemical after spraying, and (iii) a method of spraying the composition after spraying the agricultural chemical.
[0021]
Moreover, in order to obtain the excellent phytotoxicity reduction effect, it is preferable that the time difference between the spraying timing of the agricultural chemical and the composition is a short time. The time difference between the spraying time of the agricultural chemical and the composition is usually within 72 hours, preferably within 48 hours, more preferably within 24 hours, and particularly preferably within 6 hours.
[0022]
The application amount of the composition varies depending on the type of useful plant, the type of agricultural chemical, the application amount, etc., but the amount of seaweed in the composition is 1 to 400 g, preferably 20 to 200 g per 10 ares.
[0023]
A useful plant to which the method for reducing phytotoxicity of the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a useful plant that is sprayed with an agrochemical to cause phytotoxicity and needs to be reduced. For example, tea, spinach, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, celery, leek, cabbage, carrot, radish, turnip, burdock, tomato, cucumber, eggplant, bell pepper, melon, watermelon, pumpkin, cucumber, mushroom, strawberry, tangerine, hassaku, Yokan, Ponkan, Summer mandarin, Apple, Oyster, None, Biwa, Kiwi fruit, Peach, Plum, Plum, Outo, Onion, Garlic, Bulb, Azuki, Edamame, Green beans, Pea, Soy, Peanut, Useful plants such as potato, sweet potato, rice, wheat, corn, beet, lawn, chrysanthemum, vegetables, flower buds and asparagus are listed.
[0024]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be further described with reference to examples and test examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples, and the composition, agricultural chemicals, target useful plants and the like can be freely changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[0025]
Example 1 Beet phytotoxicity alleviation test Beet seeds were sown in a paper pot and raised to the second leaf stage. Four solids were transplanted into the No. 6 pot every 4 solids, and 4 pots were used per test section. In Test Zones 1 and 2, herbicide Lenapack (100 g / 10a) and Betanal (400 ml / 10a) were sprayed (sprayed water volume 100 liter / 10a).
Two days after spraying, Goemer No. 2 diluted by a factor of 1000 (seaweed cream amount 20%, manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.) was sprayed on test zones 1 and 3 (spraying amount 100 liter / 10a). After spraying Goemer No. 2, the degree of phytotoxicity was visually observed on the 7th day and evaluated with an index of 0 (none) to 10 (dead). Here, when the index is 4 or more, there is a practical problem. That is, it adversely affects the healthy growth of useful plants. Conversely, if the index is less than 4, there is no practical problem (the same is true in the following table).
After another 5 days, a dismantling survey was conducted. In the dismantling survey, the above-ground part was excised directly under the cotyledon, and the maximum leaf length, the number of leaves, and the above-ground part weight were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0026]
[Table 1]
[0027]
From Table 1, when Goemar No. 2 is applied after herbicide application (Test Zone 1), the phytotoxicity is reduced and the beet grows healthy compared to the case where Goemar No. 2 is untreated (Test Zone 2). I understand.
[0028]
Example 2 Adzuki phytotoxicity alleviation test Azuki seedlings grown until the early stage of the first true leaf were transplanted onto weeds. After 11 days, after taking out large weeds, the herbicide Imazamox ammonium salt (trade name: Power Kaiser, manufactured by BASF Agro Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as “herbicide A”) with a spraying amount of 100 l / 10a. The chemical | medical solution adjusted so that it might become 300 ml, Goemer No. 1 100g (seaweed cream amount 20g) or 200g (seaweed cream amount 40g) was sprayed. The spraying method is as follows: (a) Herbicide A and Goemer No. 1 are mixed and used before spraying (mixed use), (b) One day after Goemer No. 1 spraying, Herbicide A spraying (system pretreatment), (c) After spraying with herbicide A, Goemer No. 1 spray (system post-treatment), (d) spraying with only herbicide A (single leaf), and (e) no treatment were performed. The herbicidal effect and phytotoxicity of herbicide A were investigated every other week. The survey results were evaluated with a 10-point index from 0 (none) to 10 (dead). The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
[0029]
[Table 2]
[0030]
[Table 3]
[0031]
From Tables 2 and 3, it can be seen that Goemar No. 1 has the effect of reducing the phytotoxicity caused by herbicide A on azuki bean and does not reduce the herbicidal activity of herbicide A.
[0032]
Example 3 Soybean phytotoxicity reduction test Two soybeans (variety: Toyotome) were planted in No. 5 pots, and 5 pots were placed in one section (1 m 2 ). 1 g of the insecticide ethiophene carb emulsion (trade name: allylmate emulsion, manufactured by Nippon Bayer Agrochem Co., Ltd.) and 1 g of Goemar No. 1 (seaweed cream amount 20%) were each suspended in 1 liter of water. 200 ml of each chemical solution was sprayed per section, and the chemical damage was visually observed on days 3, 7, and 14 after spraying. The survey results were evaluated with a 10-point index from 0 (none) to 10 (dead). The results are shown in Table 4.
[0033]
[Table 4]
[0034]
From Table 4, the use of Goemer 1 greatly reduced the phytotoxicity of the insecticide Ethiophene Carb on soybeans.
【The invention's effect】
According to this invention, the outstanding effect which reduces the phytotoxicity with respect to the useful plant of various agricultural chemicals can be acquired. Moreover, since the composition containing seaweed or an extract thereof hardly affects the effect of agricultural chemicals, the method of the present invention can be a practical method as a method for reducing phytotoxicity caused by agricultural chemicals.
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