JP3944262B2

JP3944262B2 - Surgical microscope

Info

Publication number: JP3944262B2
Application number: JP16204096A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 孝深谷
Original assignee: Olympus Corp
Current assignee: Olympus Corp
Priority date: 1996-06-21
Filing date: 1996-06-21
Publication date: 2007-07-11
Anticipated expiration: 2016-06-21
Also published as: JPH105244A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、物体の左右眼像を作る結像光学系および前記左右眼像をそれぞれ観察者の左右眼に入射せしめる接眼光学系を備えた手術用顕微鏡に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
今日、手術用顕微鏡を用いる手術、いわゆるマイクロサージャリは、高度かつ精密化し、特に手術用顕微鏡を２人で観察しながら手術をしたり、あるいは様々な方向から術部にアプローチするようになってきた。従来の手術用顕微鏡が、特公平６−２２５０２号公報、特公昭４７−４１４７３号公報または実公昭５５−３９３６４号公報において知られている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、従来の手術用顕微鏡には以下のような問題があった。まず、特公平６−２２５０２号公報で知られる手術用顕微鏡は２つの接眼鏡筒の位置関係が１８０゜に固定され、しかも、顕微鏡先端部分に多くの光学部材を集中的に配置する構成であるため、その対物レンズ付近が大型化し、手術作業の邪魔になるという問題があった。さらに、９０°反射型のビームスプリッタにより対物レンズに入射する光束を分割しているので、手術用顕微鏡の下面から接眼レンズに到る距離が長くなり、作業空間が狭められてしまう問題もあった。
【０００４】
一方、特公昭４７−４１４７３号公報および実公昭５５−３９３６４号公報の手術用顕微鏡においては、２人の観察者の手術用顕微鏡を覗き込む角度が１８０°や９０°に限定されており、術部へのアプローチ方向によっては１人の観察者しか観察できないという問題があった。
【０００５】
本発明は前記課題に着目してなされたもので、その目的とするところは、従来技術の手術作業の邪魔になる大型化や作業空間が狭められるという問題点を解消した２人観察用の手術用顕微鏡を提供することにある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段及び作用】
（構成）
本発明は、観察対象の物体からの光を入射しアフォーカル光として出射する対物光学系を内蔵し架台に支持された鏡体と、前記アフォーカル光を結像し物体の左右眼像を作る結像光学系及び前記左右眼像をそれぞれ観察者の左右眼に入射せしめる接眼光学系をそれぞれ内蔵した２つの接眼鏡筒とを有した手術用顕微鏡において、
前記対物光学系と前記結像光学系との間に設けられ、前記対物光学系からの光を入射させる入射面と、前記入射した光の一部を一方の第１接眼鏡筒に向けて第１出射光として透過させるとともに前記入射した光の他の一部を前記入射面側へある角度をもって向かうべく反射させる半透過半反射面と、前記入射面側へ向かう光を反射し前記第１出射光の出射方向と直交しない斜め上方に向けて第２出射光として出射させる出射用反射面と、を有した第１プリズムと、
前記第１プリズムから出射する第２出射光の光軸に対してある角度をもって斜めに配置され、且つ前記第２出射光を反射させる第１反射面、及び前記第１反射面で反射した前記第２出射光を再び前記第１反射面側に位置して形成した出射面に向かうべく反射させる第２反射面を有し、前記第２反射面で反射し前記出射面側から他方の第２接眼鏡筒に向けて出射する光を第３出射光とし、この第３出射光の光軸方向を前記第２出射光の光軸方向に対してある角度をもって斜めに配置した第２プリズムと、
を備え、
前記第１プリズムは第１ハウジングに内蔵され、前記第２プリズムは第２ハウジングに内蔵され、前記第１ハウジングと前記第２ハウジングは互いに前記第１プリズムに対して前記第２プリズムが左右の前記第２出射光の光軸間の中心に位置する軸周りに回動すべく接続され、さらに、前記第１ハウジングの入射側に前記鏡体を接続し、前記第１ハウジングの第１出射光の出射側には前記第１接眼鏡筒を接続し、前記第２ハウジングの前記第３出射光の出射側には前記第２接眼鏡筒を前記第２プリズムから出射する左右の前記第３出射光の光軸間の中心に位置する軸まわりに回転すべく接続したことを特徴とする手術用顕微鏡である。
【０００７】
（作用）
物体からの光は対物光学系を介してアフォーカル光となり、第１プリズムに入射する。第１プリズムに入射したアフォーカル光の一部は第１出射光となり、結像光学系、接眼光学系を介して一方の観察者の左右眼に入射する。アフォーカル光の他の一部は第１プリズムの入射面側へある角度をもって反射された後、再び前記第１反射面で反射され第２出射光となり第２プリズムに入射する。第２プリズムに入射した光は第２プリズムの第１反射面で反射された後、第２反射面で再び反射され第３出射光となり、結像光学系、接眼光学系を介してもう一方の観察者の左右眼に入射する。ここで、第１プリズムに対して第２プリズムを回動させると、第２プリズムを内蔵している第２ハウジングに接続された接眼鏡筒も回動し、一方の接眼鏡筒の向きに対するもう一方の接眼鏡筒の向きが変わる。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
＜第１実施形態＞
図１から図６を参照して、本発明の第１実施形態を説明する。
（構成）
図１において、１は手術用顕微鏡の鏡体であり、これの先端部分には対物光学系の対物レンズ２が内蔵されている。３は第１ハウジングであり、これには前記鏡体１に接続された第１プリズム４を内蔵する。５は第２ハウジングであり、これには第２プリズム６が内蔵されている。第２ハウジング５は前記第１ハウジング３に対して後述の光軸Ｏ2 を中心に回動すべく接続されている。７ａ，７ｂはそれぞれ接眼鏡筒であり、一方の接眼鏡筒７ａは前記第１ハウジング３に接続され、結像光学系８ａおよび接眼光学系９ａを内蔵する。他方の接眼鏡筒７ｂは前記第２ハウジング５に接続され、結像光学系８ｂおよび接眼光学系９ｂを内蔵する。
【０００９】
ここで、第２ハウジング５に接続された接眼鏡筒７ｂの中心軸の向きは第１ハウジング３に接続された接眼鏡筒７ａの中心軸の向きに対して９０°回転する向きで側方へ向いている。また、前記各接眼鏡筒７ａ，７ｂにおいて、その結像光学系８ａ，８ｂと接眼光学系９ａ，９ｂとの間には図示しない像正立化プリズムが配設されている。
【００１０】
次に、第１プリズム４と第２プリズム６、および各光軸について具体的に説明する。まず、第１プリズム４は、鏡体１側の面を入射面１０とし、その反対側の面を半透過半反射面１１としてある。そして、半透過半反射面１１は前記対物光学系側から入射面１０を通して入射させた光の一部を第１出射光として透過させる一方、前記光の他の一部を前記入射面１０に対してある角度をもって向かうべく反射させるとともに、入射面１０で反射させる光を第２出射光とするようになっている。
【００１１】
第１出射光の光軸Ｏ1 は前記対物レンズ２の光軸であると同時に第１ハウジング３に接続された接眼鏡筒７ａの左右光軸の中心に位置する対称軸でもある。第２出射光の光軸Ｏ2 は前記第１出射光の光軸Ｏ1 が前記半透過半反射面１１および入射面１０により偏向されて形成され、前記第１プリズム４から第２プリズム６に向けて配置される。
【００１２】
前記第２プリズム６は接眼鏡筒７ｂ側の面を出射面１２とし、その反対側の面を全反射面１３としてある。出射面１２は前記第１出射光の光軸Ｏ1 に対して垂直で前記第２出射光の光軸に対してある角度をもって斜めに配置されている。そして、第２プリズム６に入射した第２出射光の光束は一旦、第２プリズム６の出射面１２で反射し、再び第２プリズム６の全反射面１３で反射して第３出射光となり、出射面１２から接眼鏡筒７ａの光学系に入射する。第３出射光の光軸は接眼鏡筒７ｂの中心軸Ｏ3 に平行に配置されている。
【００１３】
図１中矢印Ａ方向から見た図２で示すように前記鏡体１の側面には鏡体支持アーム１４が一体的に取り付けられている。鏡体支持アーム１４の先端は鏡体１を所望の位置に移動可能な周知の架台のアーム先端部１５に連結されている。そして、前記鏡体支持アーム１４は前記架台のアーム先端部１５に対して紙面に垂直な軸Ｏｐを中心として回動自在に支持されている。
【００１４】
（作用）
この手術用顕微鏡で物体面Ｘを観察する場合、物体面Ｘを発した光は対物レンズ２を介してアフォーカルな光束となり、第１プリズム４にその反射面１０から入射する。この入射光束は第１プリズム４の半透過半反射面１１で、これを透過する第１出射光と反射する第２出射光とに分れる。
【００１５】
半透過半反射面１１を透過した第１出射光の部分光束は接眼鏡筒７ａにおける２組の結像光学系８ａ，８ａを介して結像面Ｙにそれぞれ結像し、物体の左右眼像を作る。左右眼像はそれぞれの接眼光学系９ａを介し、一方の観察者の左右眼に入射する。
【００１６】
一方、前記半透過半反射面１１で反射した光束は前記第１プリズム４の入射面１０で反射して第２出射光となり、第２ハウジング５の第２プリズム６に入射する。第２プリズム６に入射した光束は一旦、第２プリズム６の出射面１２で反射し、第２プリズム６の全反射面１３で再び反射して第３出射光となり、第１出射光と同様にして、接眼鏡筒７ｂにおける２組の結像光学系８ｂ，８ｂを介して結像面Ｙにそれぞれ結像し、物体の左右眼像を作る。左右眼像はそれぞれの接眼光学系９ｂを介し、もう１人の観察者の左右眼に入射する。
【００１７】
ここで、２人の観察者が軸Ｏ1 まわりで接眼鏡筒７ａ，７ｂを覗き込む相対角度は９０°であるが、それぞれの観察者が作業するのにふさわし正しい向き、正しい視差の左右眼像が提供されている。
【００１８】
次に、図１のように物体を、上方向から観察している状態から、物体を横方向から観察する状態に変更するためには、図２において架台のアーム先端部１５に対して鏡体支持アーム１４を軸Ｏｐを中心に回動させると共に、第１ハウジング３に対して第２ハウジング５を第２出射光の光軸Ｏ2 を中心に回動させれば、図２の状態から図３の状態に変えることができる。なお、図４は図３の姿勢を同図３の矢印Ｂ方向から見た状態である。
【００１９】
すなわち、２人の観察者は略横に並んで接眼鏡筒７ａ，７ｂを覗き込むようになるが、この場合、第１ハウジング３に対して、第２ハウジング５が光軸Ｏ2 周りに９０゜回転し、第２ハウジング３に対して接眼鏡筒７ｂがその中心軸周りに９０゜で回転させる。つまり、第２ハウジング５と接眼鏡筒７ｂを逆向きに同じ量で回転させる。従って、それぞれの観察者に同一の、正しい向き、正しい視差の左右眼像が提供される。
【００２０】
（効果）
本実施形態は、第１ハウジング３に対して第２ハウジング５を回動自在に接続しただけの簡単な構成で上方向からの観察と横方向から観察の変更が可能となった。本実施形態では変倍光学系を省略したが、例えば対物レンズ２と第１プリズム４の間、第１プリズム４と接眼鏡筒７ａの間、第２プリズム６と接眼鏡筒７ｂの間などに周知のドラムまたはターレット型変倍レンズを挿入することにより変倍させることができる。
【００２１】
さらに、左右光軸の対称軸Ｏ1 を中心に第１プリズム４を回動すべく鏡体１に対して第１ハウジング３を接続すれば、一方の接眼鏡筒７ａのまわりに他方の接眼鏡筒７ａを回転させてその位置を選択できる。例えば図５や図６の状態に変えてより多くの方向からの観察が可能になる。
【００２２】
＜第２実施形態＞
図７および図８を参照して本発明の第２実施形態を説明する。
（構成）
図７において、２０は手術用顕微鏡の鏡体であり、この鏡体の先端には対物レンズ２１が内蔵されている。鏡体２０内には対物レンズ２１の出射側に位置してアフォーカル変倍光学系の第１アフォーカルレンズ群２２と第２アフォーカルレンズ群２３が前記対物レンズ２１の光軸Ｏ3 と平行に配置されて設けられている。第１アフォーカルレンズ群２２と第２アフォーカルレンズ群２３はいずれも対称的に配置され、その各対称中心軸は共通する。
【００２３】
これらの対物レンズ２１、第１アフォーカル群２２および第２アフォーカル群２３を上方から見ると、図８で示す如く第１アフォーカル群２２および第２アフォーカル群２３は点対称的に配置されている。すなわち、第１アフォーカル群２２の中心を結ぶ線分と、第２のアフォーカル群２３の中心を結ぶ線分とは直交すると共に、その交点に対称点が一致する。また、この交点は対物レンズ２１の光軸Ｏ3 とも一致している。
【００２４】
前記鏡体２０には第１ハウジング２５が接続され、この第１ハウジング２５内には第１プリズム２６が内蔵されている。第１ハウジング２５には、後述の光軸Ｏ4 を中心に回動すべく第２ハウジング２７が接続されている。第２ハウジング２７は第２プリズム２８を内蔵する。前記第１ハウジング２５および第２ハウジング２７には前述した第１実施形態と同様に接眼鏡筒７ａ，７ｂが接続されている。
【００２５】
次に、第１プリズム２６および光軸について具体的に説明する。第１プリズム２６は入射面２９、半透過半反射面３０および出射面３１を有してなる。第２プリズム２８は出射面３２および全反射面３３を有して成る。前記対物レンズ２１の光軸Ｏ3 は同時に第１ハウジング２５に接続された接眼鏡筒７ａの左右光軸の対称軸であり、さらに、第１プリズム２６から出射する第１出射光の光軸でもある。そして、半透過半反射面３０は前記対物光学系側から入射させた光の一部を第１出射光として透過させる一方、前記光の他の一部を前記入射面２９に対してある角度をもって向かうべく反射させる。さらに入射面２９で反射させた光を出射面３１で反射し、再び前記入射面２９に向け、その入射面２９で反射して第２出射光とするようになっている。つまり、第２出射光の光軸Ｏ4 は前記光軸Ｏ3 が前記半透過半反射面３０から入射面２９、出射面３１、再び入射面２９により偏向されて作られる。
【００２６】
なお、図示しないが、鏡体２０は第１実施形態と同様に鏡体支持アーム、架台のアーム部によって保持される。
（作用）
この手術用顕微鏡で物体面Ｘを観察する場合、その物体面Ｘを発した光は対物レンズ２１を介してアフォーカル光束となり、第１アフォーカルレンズ群２２および第２アフォーカルレンズ群２３にそれぞれ入射する。各アフォーカルレンズ群２２，２３に入射した光はその内部で変倍に必要ないくつかのレンズを介した後、再び４本のアフォーカル光束となり、第１プリズム２６内に入射する。そして、第１プリズム２６の半透過半反射面３０において透過する第１出射光と、反射する第２出射光とに分れる。
【００２７】
半透過半反射面３０を透過した第１出射光のうち第１アフォーカルレンズ群２２からの光束は接眼鏡筒７ａにおける結像光学系８ａを介して結像面Ｙにそれぞれ結像し、物体の左右眼像をつくる。この左右眼像は前記第１アフォーカルレンズ群２２中のレンズの移動によって変倍される。左右眼像は接眼光学系９ａを介して観察者の左右眼に入射する。
【００２８】
一方、前記半透過半反射面３０で反射した光束は前記第１プリズム２６の入射面２９、出射面３１、再び入射面２９と順に反射して第２出射光となり、第２ハウジング２７の第２プリズム２８に入射する。第２プリズム２８に入射した光束は一旦、第２プリズム２８の出射面３２で反射し、再び第２プリズム２８の全反射面３３で反射してから第３出射光となり、このうち第２のアフォーカルレンズ群２３からの光束は結像光学系８ｂを介して結像面Ｙにそれぞれ結像し、物体の左右眼像をつくる。この左右眼像は前記第２のアフォーカルレンズ群２３中のレンズの移動によって変倍される。左右眼像は接眼光学系９ｂを介して、もう１人の観察者の左右眼にそれぞれ入射して観察することになる。
【００２９】
ここで、２人の観察者が接眼鏡筒７ａと接眼鏡筒７ｂを覗き込む相対角度は、９０°であるが、第１のアフォーカルレンズ群２２および第２のアフォーカルレンズ群２３により、それぞれの観察者が作業するにふさわしい正しい向き、正しい視差の左右眼像が提供される。
【００３０】
次に、第１実施形態と同様に物体を横方向から観察するためには前述した如く図３の状態に変形することができる。すなわち、２人の観察者はほぼ横に並んで接眼鏡筒７ａ，７ｂを覗き込むようになるが、それぞれの観察者に第１のアフォーカルレンズ群２２を介した同一の、正しい向き、正しい視差の左右眼像が提供される。
【００３１】
（効果）
本実施形態はアフォーカル変倍光学系のアフォーカルレンズ群を鏡体に内蔵した従来の手術用顕微鏡の形でありながら第１実施形態と同様の作用効果が得られる。また、第１プリズム２６内での反射回数を増すことにより、２人の観察者の距離を離すことができるで手術作業が行い易いものである。
【００３２】
＜第３実施形態＞
図９および図１０を参照して本発明の第３実施形態を説明する。
（構成）
第３実施形態では前述した第２実施形態に比べてその鏡体の構成のみが異なるので、その鏡体以外の説明は省略する。
【００３３】
（構成）
図９において、４０は手術用顕微鏡の鏡体であり、これには対物レンズ４１とアフォーカル変倍光学系のアフォーカルレンズ群４２が設けられている。Ｏ5 は前記対物レンズ４１の光軸であると同時に第１ハウジング２５に接続された接眼鏡筒７の左右光軸の対称軸であり、さらに前記第１プリズム２６から出射する第１出射光の光軸でもある。
【００３４】
（作用）
この手術用顕微鏡で物体面Ｘを観察する場合、その物体面Ｘを発した光は対物レンズ４１を介してアフォーカル光束となり、アフォーカルレンズ群４２に入射する。アフォーカルレンズ群４２に入射した光は変倍に必要ないくつかのレンズを介した後、再び１本のアフォーカル光束となり、第１プリズム２６に入射する。これ以後は第１実施形態や第２実施形態と同様にそれぞれの観察者に正しい向き、正しい視差の左右眼像が提供される。
【００３５】
（効果）
本実施形態では対物光学系を単一の対物レンズ４１と単一のアフォーカルレンズ群４２で構成しているため、図１０に示すごとく前述した第２実施形態の効果に加え、もう１人観察者が光軸Ｏ5 まわりのあらゆる方向からの観察が可能となるという効果が得られる。
【００３６】
＜第４実施形態＞
図１１および図１２を参照して本発明の第４実施形態を説明する。
（構成）
第４実施形態は前述した第３実施形態に比べて第１プリズム４の半透過半反射面１１を透過する第１出射光以後の光路部分のみ異なるので、それ以外の説明は省略する。
【００３７】
（構成）
図１１において、５１は第３プリズム５２を内蔵した第３ハウジングであり、この第３ハウジング５１は第１ハウジング２５に対して光軸Ｏ5 を中心に回動すべく接続されている。前述した第３実施形態において第１、第２ハウジング２５，２７に接続されていた接眼鏡筒７ａ，７ｂは第２ハウジング２７と第３ハウジング５１に対して後述の光軸Ｏ6 ，Ｏ7 を中心に回動すべく接続されている。
【００３８】
次に、第３プリズム５２および光軸Ｏ6 ，Ｏ7 について説明する。第３プリズム５２は第１の全反射面５３、第２の全反射面５４を備える。そして、第３プリズム５２から出射する出射光軸Ｏ6 は前記光軸Ｏ5 が前記第１の全反射面５３と第２の全反射面５４により偏向されて作られる光束の光軸である。Ｏ7 は第２プリズム２８から出射する光束の光軸である。
【００３９】
（作用）
第３プリズムに入射した第１出射光による光束は第１の全反射面５３、第２の全反射面５４で反射して出射し、接眼鏡筒７ａを介して観察者の左右眼に入射する。
【００４０】
図１１のように物体を真上方向から観察している状態から、物体を傾め上方向から観察する状態に変更するために架台のアーム先端部１５に対して鏡体支持アーム１４を回動させると共に、第２ハウジング２７、第３ハウジング５１に対して接眼鏡筒７ａ，７ｂを光軸Ｏ7 ，Ｏ6 を中心に回動させると、図１２の状態に変わる。すなわち、２人の観察者の左右光軸を結ぶ線は水平に保たれる。
【００４１】
（効果）
本実施形態は２つの接眼鏡筒７ａ，７ｂを光軸Ｏ5 に垂直な光軸Ｏ6 ，Ｏ7 まわりに回動自在にしたので、物体を傾め上方向から観察した状態でも楽な姿勢で手術できる上、接眼鏡筒７は光軸Ｏ5 に対してほぼ同条件で観察できるので手術作業を行い易い。
【００４２】
なお、本実施形態では第３プリズム５２をペンタリズムで構成したが、他の２回反射プリズムでも同様の効果が得られることは説明するまでもない。
［付記］
（１）物体からの光を入射しアフォーカル光として出射する対物光学系を内蔵した鏡体と、前記アフォーカル光を結像し物体の左右眼像を作る結像光学系および前記左右眼像をそれぞれ観察者の左右眼に入射せしめる接眼光学系を内蔵した接眼鏡筒とを有する手術用顕微鏡において、前記対物光学系と前記結像光学系との間に、前記対物光学系からの光を透過して入射させる入射面、および前記入射した光の一部を第１出射光として透過させ、前記入射した光の他の一部を前記入射面側へある角度をもって向かうべく反射させる半透過半反射面を有し、かつ前記入射面側へ向かう光を反射し、この反射光を第２出射光とする第１プリズムと、前記第１プリズムから出射する第２出射光の光軸に対してある角度をもって斜めに配置され、かつ前記第２出射光を反射させる第１反射面、および前記第１反射面で反射した前記第２出射光を再び前記第１反射面側に位置して形成した出射面に向かうべく反射させる第２反射面を有し、前記第２反射面で反射した光を前記出射面から出射する第３出射光とする第２プリズムとを配置すると共に、前記第１プリズムは第１ハウジングに内蔵し、前記第２プリズムは第２ハウジングに内蔵し、これら第１ハウジングと第２ハウジングは、前記第１プリズムに対して前記第２プリズムが前記第２出射光の対称軸を中心に回動すべく接続し、さらに前記第１ハウジングの入射側に前記鏡体を接続し、前記第１ハウジングの第１出射光の出射側に第１接眼鏡筒を接続し、前記第２ハウジングの出射側に第２接眼鏡筒を接続したことを特徴とする手術用顕微鏡。
【００４３】
（２）前記対物光学系の左右光軸の対称軸まわりに前記第１プリズムが回動すべく前記鏡体に前記第１ハウジングを接続したことを特徴とする（１）の手術用顕微鏡。
この構成によれば、鏡体に対して第１プリズムを対物光学系の左右光軸まわりに回動させると、第１プリズムを内蔵している第１ハウジング、これに接続された第２ハウジング、さらに、これに接続された接眼鏡筒も回動し、（１）の作用に加えて、もう１箇所で一方の接眼鏡筒の向きに対するもう一方の接眼鏡筒の向きが変わる。
【００４４】
（３）前記対物光学系を単一の対物レンズと共通の対称軸をもつ２組のアフォーカル変倍光学系のアフォーカルレンズ群で構成したことを特徴とする（１）または（２）の手術用顕微鏡。
この構成によれば、第１プリズムを回動し２組のアフォーカルレンズ群の何れかの光軸ともう一方の接眼鏡筒の光軸が一致する位置で観察者の左右眼に観察光（物体からの光）が入射するという作用をもつ。
【００４５】
（４）前記対物光学系を単一の対物レンズと単一のアフォーカル変倍光学系のアフォーカルレンズ群で構成したことを特徴とする（１）または（２）の手術用顕微鏡。
この構成によれば、第１プリズムを回動しても単一のアフォーカルレンズ群の部分光束を結像光学系で結像し、もう一方の接眼鏡筒のあらゆる位置で観察者の左右眼に観察光（物体からの光）が入射するという作用をもつ。
【００４６】
（５）前記第１ハウジングと前記第１ハウジングに接続した接眼鏡筒との間に前記第１プリズムの第１出射光を２回反射して直角に偏向し第４出射光をつくる第３プリズムを配置すると共に、前記第１ハウジングに、前記第３プリズムが前記第１プリズムに対して前記第１出射光の光軸を中心に回動すべく第３ハウジングを接続する一方、前記第３出射光も前記第１出射光に対して直角に出射すべく設定したことを特徴とする（１）〜（４）の手術用顕微鏡。
【００４７】
（６）前記第３プリズムをペンタプリズムで構成したことを特徴とする（５）の手術用顕微鏡。
（５）及び（６）の構成によれば、第１プリズムに入射したアフォーカル光の一部は第１出射る光となり第３プリズムに入射する。第３プリズムに入射した光は２回反射されると共に直角に偏向され第４出射光となり、結像光学系、接眼光学系を介して一方の観察者の左右眼に入射する。ここで第１プリズムに対して第３プリズムを第１出射光の光軸を中心に回動させると、第３プリズムを内蔵している第３ハウジング、さらに、これに接続された接眼鏡筒も回動し、（２）の作用に加えてもう１箇所で一方の接眼鏡筒の向きが変わる。２人の観察者の手術用顕微鏡を覗き込む角度が自由に設定できる。
【００４８】
（７）物体からの光を入射しアフォーカル光として出射する対物光学系を内蔵した鏡体と、前記アフォーカル光を結像し物体の左右眼像を作る結像光学系および前記左右眼像をそれぞれ観察者の左右眼に入射せしめる接眼光学系を内蔵した接眼鏡筒とを有する手術用顕微鏡において、前記対物光学系と前記結像光学系との間に、前記対物光学系からの光の一部を第１出射光として透過させ、前記光の他の一部を第２出射光として反射させる半透過半反射面を有した第１プリズムと、前記第１プリズムからの第２出射光を受け、その第２出射光を反射する反射面と、この反射面で反射した光を第３出射光として出射させる出射面を有する第２プリズムとを配置すると共に、前記第１プリズムは第１ハウジングに内蔵し、前記第２プリズムは第２ハウジングに内蔵し、これら第１ハウジングと第２ハウジングは、前記第１プリズムに対して前記第２プリズムが前記第２出射光の対称軸を中心に回動すべく接続し、さらに前記第１ハウジングの入射側に前記鏡体を接続し、前記第１ハウジングの第１出射光の出射側に第１接眼鏡筒を接続し、前記第２ハウジングの出射側に第２接眼鏡筒を接続したことを特徴とする手術用顕微鏡。
【００４９】
（８）前記第１プリズムは半透過半反射面で反射した第１出射光を反射させる反射面を備え、前記第２プリズムは前記第１プリズムからの第２出射光を受けて最初に反射する第１反射面とこの第１反射面で反射した光を前記出射面に向けて反射する第２反射面とを備え、第２接眼鏡筒は前記第２ハウジングに対して前記第２プリズムから出射する第３出射光の対称軸を中心に回動すべく接続したことを特徴とする（７）の手術用顕微鏡。
【００５０】
（９）前記第１プリズムにおいての、半透過半反射面を含め、第１出射光を反射させる反射面の数と、前記第２プリズムの反射面の数が互いに奇数または偶数の同じ数であることを特徴とする（８）の手術用顕微鏡。
【００５１】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明は、対物光学系の上方に配置した第１プリズムにより２人の観察者の光束を分割しているので、対物レンズ付近が小型に構成でき、また、９０°反射型のビームスプリッタのようなスペースを占める部材が不要なので、鏡体と接眼鏡筒の間の全光束分のスペースは不要となり、作業空間が広がる。さらに接眼鏡筒が接続されたハウジングが左右の出射光の光軸間の中心に位置する軸まわりに回動自在なものであるために２人の観察者の手術用顕微鏡を覗き込む角度がさまざまに設定でき、作業が容易な姿勢をとることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】第１実施形態に係る手術用顕微鏡の正面図。
【図２】図１中矢印Ａ方向から見た前記手術用顕微鏡の側面図。
【図３】前記手術用顕微鏡の姿勢を変えた状態の側面図。
【図４】図３中矢印Ｂ方向から見た前記手術用顕微鏡の下面図。
【図５】前記手術用顕微鏡を他の状態に姿勢を変えた図。
【図６】前記手術用顕微鏡を他の状態に姿勢を変えた図。
【図７】第２実施形態に係る手術用顕微鏡の正面図。
【図８】同じく第２実施形態に係る手術用顕微鏡の鏡体の内部構造の平面図。
【図９】第３実施形態に係る手術用顕微鏡の正面図。
【図１０】同じく第３実施形態に係る手術用顕微鏡の姿勢を変えた状態の正面図。
【図１１】第３実施形態に係る手術用顕微鏡の正面図。
【図１２】同じく第３実施形態に係る手術用顕微鏡の姿勢を変えた状態の側面図。
【符号の説明】
１…手術用顕微鏡の鏡体、２…対物光学系の対物レンズ、３…第１ハウジング、４…第１プリズム、５…第２ハウジング、６…第２プリズム、７ａ，７ｂ…接眼鏡筒、８ａ，８ｂ…結像光学系、９ａ，９ｂ…接眼光学系、１０…入射面、１１…半透過半反射面、１２…出射面、１３…全反射面、Ｏ1 …光軸、Ｏ2 …光軸、Ｏ3 …中心軸。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an imaging optical system that creates left and right eye images of an object and a surgical microscope that includes an eyepiece optical system that allows the left and right eye images to enter the left and right eyes of an observer, respectively.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Nowadays, surgery using a surgical microscope, so-called microsurgery, has become sophisticated and precise, and in particular, it has become possible to perform surgery while observing the surgical microscope with two people, or approach the surgical site from various directions. It was. Conventional surgical microscopes are known from Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-22502, Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-41473, or Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 55-39364.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional surgical microscope has the following problems. First, the surgical microscope known from Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 6-22502 has a configuration in which the positional relationship between two eyepieces is fixed at 180 °, and many optical members are intensively arranged at the tip of the microscope. For this reason, there is a problem that the vicinity of the objective lens becomes large and obstructs the surgical operation. Further, since the light beam incident on the objective lens is divided by the 90 ° reflection type beam splitter, there is a problem that the distance from the lower surface of the surgical microscope to the eyepiece lens becomes long and the work space is narrowed. .
[0004]
On the other hand, in the surgical microscopes of Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 47-41473 and 55-39364, the angle at which two observers look into the surgical microscope is limited to 180 ° and 90 °. There is a problem that only one observer can observe depending on the approach direction to the club.
[0005]
The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is a surgical operation for two-person observation that has solved the problems of upsizing and narrowing of the work space that obstruct the conventional surgical operation. It is to provide a microscope for use.
[0006]
[Means and Actions for Solving the Problems]
(Constitution)
The present invention has a built-in objective optical system that receives light from an object to be observed and emits it as afocal light, and a mirror supported by a gantry, and forms the left and right eye images of the object by imaging the afocal light. In a surgical microscope having an imaging optical system and two eyepiece tubes each containing an eyepiece optical system that allows the left and right eye images to enter the left and right eyes of an observer,
An incident surface provided between the objective optical system and the imaging optical system, on which light from the objective optical system is incident, and a part of the incident light directed toward one first eyepiece tube; A semi-transparent semi-reflective surface that transmits as one outgoing light and reflects another part of the incident light toward the incident surface side at a certain angle, and reflects light toward the incident surface side to reflect the first outgoing light. Towards diagonally upward not orthogonal to the direction of emission And an outgoing reflecting surface that emits the second outgoing light. A first prism;
A first reflecting surface that is obliquely arranged with an angle with respect to an optical axis of the second outgoing light emitted from the first prism, and that reflects the second outgoing light; and the first reflective surface that is reflected by the first reflective surface. (2) a second reflecting surface that reflects the emitted light toward the emitting surface formed again on the first reflecting surface side, is reflected by the second reflecting surface, and is reflected from the emitting surface side to the other second contact A second prism in which the light emitted toward the eyeglass tube is a third outgoing light, and the optical axis direction of the third outgoing light is arranged obliquely at an angle with respect to the optical axis direction of the second outgoing light;
With
The first prism is built in a first housing, the second prism is built in a second housing, and the first housing and the second housing are located on the left and right sides of the first prism with respect to the first prism. It is connected to rotate around an axis located at the center between the optical axes of the second outgoing light, and further, the mirror is connected to the incident side of the first housing, and the first outgoing light of the first housing is connected. The first eyepiece tube is connected to the output side, and the left and right third output light beams are emitted from the second prism to the output side of the third housing from the second prism. The surgical microscope is connected to rotate around an axis located at the center between the optical axes.
[0007]
(Function)
The light from the object becomes afocal light through the objective optical system and enters the first prism. A part of the afocal light incident on the first prism becomes the first outgoing light and enters the left and right eyes of one observer through the imaging optical system and the eyepiece optical system. The other part of the afocal light is reflected at a certain angle toward the incident surface side of the first prism, and then reflected again by the first reflecting surface to become the second outgoing light and enter the second prism. The light incident on the second prism is reflected by the first reflecting surface of the second prism and then reflected again by the second reflecting surface to become the third outgoing light, which is passed through the imaging optical system and the eyepiece optical system. It enters the left and right eyes of the observer. Here, when the second prism is rotated with respect to the first prism, the eyepiece tube connected to the second housing containing the second prism is also rotated, so that the other eyepiece tube is oriented with respect to the direction of the one eyepiece tube. The orientation of one eyepiece tube changes.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
<First Embodiment>
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
(Constitution)
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a mirror body of a surgical microscope, and an objective lens 2 of an objective optical system is built in a tip portion thereof. Reference numeral 3 denotes a first housing, which contains a first prism 4 connected to the mirror body 1. Reference numeral 5 denotes a second housing, in which a second prism 6 is built. The second housing 5 is connected to the first housing 3 so as to rotate about an optical axis O2 which will be described later. Reference numerals 7a and 7b denote eyepiece tubes. One eyepiece tube 7a is connected to the first housing 3 and incorporates an imaging optical system 8a and an eyepiece optical system 9a. The other eyepiece tube 7b is connected to the second housing 5 and incorporates an imaging optical system 8b and an eyepiece optical system 9b.
[0009]
Here, the direction of the central axis of the eyepiece tube 7 b connected to the second housing 5 is laterally rotated by 90 ° with respect to the direction of the central axis of the eyepiece tube 7 a connected to the first housing 3. It is suitable. In each of the eyepiece tubes 7a and 7b, an image erecting prism (not shown) is disposed between the imaging optical systems 8a and 8b and the eyepiece optical systems 9a and 9b.
[0010]
Next, the first prism 4 and the second prism 6 and each optical axis will be specifically described. First, the first prism 4 has a surface on the side of the mirror body 1 as an incident surface 10 and a surface on the opposite side as a semi-transmissive / semi-reflective surface 11. The semi-transmissive / semi-reflective surface 11 transmits a part of the light incident from the objective optical system side through the incident surface 10 as the first emitted light, while the other part of the light is transmitted to the incident surface 10. In addition, the light reflected by the incident surface 10 is reflected as the second outgoing light.
[0011]
The optical axis O1 of the first outgoing light is not only the optical axis of the objective lens 2, but also the symmetry axis located at the center of the left and right optical axes of the eyepiece tube 7a connected to the first housing 3. The optical axis O2 of the second outgoing light is formed by deflecting the optical axis O1 of the first outgoing light by the semi-transmissive and semi-reflective surface 11 and the incident surface 10, and from the first prism 4 toward the second prism 6. Be placed.
[0012]
The second prism 6 has a surface on the side of the eyepiece tube 7 b as an emission surface 12 and a surface on the opposite side as a total reflection surface 13. The exit surface 12 is perpendicular to the optical axis O1 of the first outgoing light and is inclined at an angle with respect to the optical axis of the second outgoing light. The light beam of the second outgoing light incident on the second prism 6 is once reflected by the outgoing surface 12 of the second prism 6 and again reflected by the total reflection surface 13 of the second prism 6 to become third outgoing light, The light enters the optical system of the eyepiece tube 7a from the exit surface 12. The optical axis of the third outgoing light is arranged parallel to the central axis O3 of the eyepiece tube 7b.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 2 as viewed from the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1, a mirror support arm 14 is integrally attached to the side surface of the mirror 1. The tip of the mirror support arm 14 is connected to an arm tip 15 of a well-known frame that can move the mirror 1 to a desired position. The mirror support arm 14 is supported by the arm tip 15 of the gantry so as to be rotatable about an axis Op perpendicular to the paper surface.
[0014]
(Function)
When observing the object plane X with this surgical microscope, the light emitted from the object plane X becomes an afocal beam through the objective lens 2 and enters the first prism 4 from the reflecting surface 10. This incident light beam is separated by the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective surface 11 of the first prism 4 into a first outgoing light that passes through it and a second outgoing light that is reflected.
[0015]
The partial luminous flux of the first outgoing light that has passed through the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective surface 11 is imaged on the image-forming surface Y via the two sets of image-forming optical systems 8a and 8a in the eyepiece tube 7a, and the left and right eye images of the object. make. The left and right eye images enter the left and right eyes of one observer via the respective eyepiece optical systems 9a.
[0016]
On the other hand, the light beam reflected by the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective surface 11 is reflected by the incident surface 10 of the first prism 4 to become the second outgoing light and enters the second prism 6 of the second housing 5. The light beam incident on the second prism 6 is once reflected by the emission surface 12 of the second prism 6 and reflected again by the total reflection surface 13 of the second prism 6 to become third emitted light, which is the same as the first emitted light. Thus, images are formed on the image plane Y through the two sets of image forming optical systems 8b and 8b in the eyepiece tube 7b, and left and right eye images of the object are formed. The left and right eye images enter the left and right eyes of another observer through the respective eyepiece optical systems 9b.
[0017]
Here, the relative angle at which the two observers look into the eyepiece tubes 7a and 7b around the axis O1 is 90 °, but the right and left eye images with the correct parallax and correct parallax are suitable for each observer to work. Is provided.
[0018]
Next, in order to change the state of observing the object from the upper direction as shown in FIG. 1 to the state of observing the object from the lateral direction, in FIG. When the support arm 14 is rotated about the axis Op and the second housing 5 is rotated about the optical axis O2 of the second outgoing light with respect to the first housing 3, the state shown in FIG. Can be changed to 4 shows a state in which the posture of FIG. 3 is viewed from the direction of arrow B in FIG.
[0019]
That is, the two observers look side by side and look into the eyepiece tubes 7a and 7b. In this case, the second housing 5 is 90 ° around the optical axis O2 with respect to the first housing 3. The eyepiece tube 7b rotates about the central axis at 90 ° with respect to the second housing 3. That is, the second housing 5 and the eyepiece tube 7b are rotated in the opposite directions by the same amount. Accordingly, right and left eye images with the same correct orientation and correct parallax are provided to each observer.
[0020]
(effect)
In the present embodiment, observation from the upper direction and observation from the lateral direction can be changed with a simple configuration in which the second housing 5 is rotatably connected to the first housing 3. Although the zoom optical system is omitted in the present embodiment, for example, between the objective lens 2 and the first prism 4, between the first prism 4 and the eyepiece tube 7a, between the second prism 6 and the eyepiece tube 7b, and the like. The magnification can be changed by inserting a known drum or turret type variable magnification lens.
[0021]
Further, if the first housing 3 is connected to the mirror body 1 so as to rotate the first prism 4 about the symmetry axis O1 of the left and right optical axes, the other eyepiece tube around the one eyepiece tube 7a. The position can be selected by rotating 7a. For example, it is possible to observe from more directions by changing to the state of FIGS.
[0022]
Second Embodiment
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
(Constitution)
In FIG. 7, reference numeral 20 denotes a mirror body of a surgical microscope, and an objective lens 21 is built in the tip of the mirror body. A first afocal lens group 22 and a second afocal lens group 23 of the afocal variable magnification optical system, which are located on the exit side of the objective lens 21 in the mirror body 20, are parallel to the optical axis O3 of the objective lens 21. Arranged and provided. The first afocal lens group 22 and the second afocal lens group 23 are both symmetrically arranged, and their respective symmetry central axes are common.
[0023]
When the objective lens 21, the first afocal group 22 and the second afocal group 23 are viewed from above, the first afocal group 22 and the second afocal group 23 are arranged point-symmetrically as shown in FIG. ing. That is, the line segment connecting the centers of the first afocal group 22 and the line segment connecting the centers of the second afocal group 23 are orthogonal to each other, and the symmetry point coincides with the intersection. This intersection also coincides with the optical axis O3 of the objective lens 21.
[0024]
A first housing 25 is connected to the mirror body 20, and a first prism 26 is built in the first housing 25. A second housing 27 is connected to the first housing 25 so as to rotate about an optical axis O4 which will be described later. The second housing 27 contains a second prism 28. The eyepiece tubes 7a and 7b are connected to the first housing 25 and the second housing 27 as in the first embodiment.
[0025]
Next, the first prism 26 and the optical axis will be specifically described. The first prism 26 has an incident surface 29, a semi-transmissive / semi-reflective surface 30, and an output surface 31. The second prism 28 has an exit surface 32 and a total reflection surface 33. The optical axis O3 of the objective lens 21 is simultaneously the axis of symmetry of the left and right optical axes of the eyepiece tube 7a connected to the first housing 25, and is also the optical axis of the first outgoing light emitted from the first prism 26. . The transflective surface 30 transmits a part of the light incident from the objective optical system side as the first outgoing light, while the other part of the light has an angle with respect to the incident surface 29. Reflect toward you. Further, the light reflected by the incident surface 29 is reflected by the exit surface 31 and is directed again to the entrance surface 29, and is reflected by the entrance surface 29 to be second emitted light. That is, the optical axis O4 of the second outgoing light is formed by deflecting the optical axis O3 from the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective surface 30 by the incident surface 29, the outgoing surface 31, and again the incident surface 29.
[0026]
Although not shown, the mirror body 20 is held by the mirror body support arm and the arm portion of the gantry as in the first embodiment.
(Function)
When observing the object plane X with this surgical microscope, the light emitted from the object plane X becomes an afocal beam through the objective lens 21, and is applied to the first afocal lens group 22 and the second afocal lens group 23, respectively. Incident. The light incident on each of the afocal lens groups 22 and 23 passes through several lenses necessary for zooming therein, and then becomes four afocal luminous fluxes again and enters the first prism 26. Then, it can be divided into first outgoing light that is transmitted through the semi-transmissive and semi-reflective surface 30 of the first prism 26 and reflected second outgoing light.
[0027]
Of the first outgoing light that has passed through the semi-transmissive and semi-reflective surface 30, the light beam from the first afocal lens group 22 forms an image on the image plane Y via the image forming optical system 8a in the eyepiece tube 7a, and the object Create left and right eye images. The left and right eye images are scaled by the movement of the lenses in the first afocal lens group 22. The left and right eye images enter the left and right eyes of the observer through the eyepiece optical system 9a.
[0028]
On the other hand, the light beam reflected by the semi-transmitting / semi-reflecting surface 30 is sequentially reflected on the incident surface 29, the emitting surface 31 and again the incident surface 29 of the first prism 26 to become second emitted light. The light enters the prism 28. The light beam incident on the second prism 28 is once reflected by the emission surface 32 of the second prism 28, reflected again by the total reflection surface 33 of the second prism 28, and then becomes the third emitted light. The light beams from the focal lens group 23 are respectively imaged on the image plane Y via the image forming optical system 8b to form left and right eye images of the object. The left and right eye images are scaled by the movement of the lens in the second afocal lens group 23. The left and right eye images are incident on the left and right eyes of another observer through the eyepiece optical system 9b and are observed.
[0029]
Here, the relative angle at which the two observers look into the eyepiece tube 7a and the eyepiece tube 7b is 90 °, but by the first afocal lens group 22 and the second afocal lens group 23, The right and left eye images with the correct orientation and correct parallax for each observer to work are provided.
[0030]
Next, in order to observe the object from the lateral direction as in the first embodiment, it can be transformed into the state of FIG. 3 as described above. That is, the two observers look side by side into the eyepiece tubes 7a and 7b, but the same correct orientation and correctness through the first afocal lens group 22 are given to each observer. A parallax left and right eye image is provided.
[0031]
(effect)
Although the present embodiment is in the form of a conventional surgical microscope in which an afocal lens group of an afocal variable magnification optical system is built in a mirror body, the same operational effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Further, by increasing the number of reflections in the first prism 26, the distance between the two observers can be increased, so that the surgical operation can be easily performed.
[0032]
<Third Embodiment>
A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
(Constitution)
In the third embodiment, only the configuration of the mirror body is different from that of the second embodiment described above, and the description other than the mirror body will be omitted.
[0033]
(Constitution)
In FIG. 9, reference numeral 40 denotes a mirror body of a surgical microscope, which is provided with an objective lens 41 and an afocal lens group 42 of an afocal variable magnification optical system. O5 is the optical axis of the objective lens 41 and at the same time the symmetry axis of the left and right optical axes of the eyepiece tube 7 connected to the first housing 25, and the light of the first outgoing light emitted from the first prism 26. It is also an axis.
[0034]
(Function)
When observing the object plane X with this surgical microscope, the light emitted from the object plane X becomes an afocal beam through the objective lens 41 and enters the afocal lens group 42. The light incident on the afocal lens group 42 passes through several lenses necessary for zooming, and then becomes one afocal light beam again and enters the first prism 26. Thereafter, as in the first and second embodiments, the right and left eye images with the correct orientation and correct parallax are provided to each observer.
[0035]
(effect)
In this embodiment, since the objective optical system is composed of a single objective lens 41 and a single afocal lens group 42, as shown in FIG. 10, in addition to the effects of the second embodiment described above, another person observation is possible. It is possible to obtain an effect that a person can observe from all directions around the optical axis O5.
[0036]
<Fourth embodiment>
A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
(Constitution)
Since the fourth embodiment differs from the third embodiment described above only in the optical path portion after the first emitted light that passes through the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective surface 11 of the first prism 4, the other description is omitted.
[0037]
(Constitution)
In FIG. 11, reference numeral 51 denotes a third housing incorporating a third prism 52, and this third housing 51 is connected to the first housing 25 so as to rotate about the optical axis O5. The eyepiece tubes 7a and 7b connected to the first and second housings 25 and 27 in the third embodiment described above are centered on optical axes O6 and O7 described later with respect to the second housing 27 and the third housing 51, respectively. Connected to rotate.
[0038]
Next, the third prism 52 and the optical axes O6 and O7 will be described. The third prism 52 includes a first total reflection surface 53 and a second total reflection surface 54. An outgoing optical axis O6 emitted from the third prism 52 is an optical axis of a light beam produced by deflecting the optical axis O5 by the first total reflection surface 53 and the second total reflection surface 54. O7 is the optical axis of the light beam emitted from the second prism 28.
[0039]
(Function)
The light beam generated by the first outgoing light that has entered the third prism is reflected by the first total reflection surface 53 and the second total reflection surface 54 and then emitted to the left and right eyes of the observer via the eyepiece tube 7a. .
[0040]
As shown in FIG. 11, the mirror support arm 14 is rotated with respect to the arm tip 15 of the gantry in order to change from the state in which the object is observed from directly above to the state in which the object is inclined and observed from above When the eyepiece tubes 7a and 7b are rotated about the optical axes O7 and O6 with respect to the second housing 27 and the third housing 51, the state shown in FIG. That is, the line connecting the left and right optical axes of the two observers is kept horizontal.
[0041]
(effect)
In the present embodiment, since the two eyepiece tubes 7a and 7b are rotatable about the optical axes O6 and O7 perpendicular to the optical axis O5, it is possible to perform an operation in an easy posture even when the object is tilted and observed from above. In addition, since the eyepiece tube 7 can be observed under substantially the same conditions with respect to the optical axis O5, it is easy to perform the operation.
[0042]
In the present embodiment, the third prism 52 is formed of a pentarhythm, but it goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained with other two-time reflecting prisms.
[Appendix]
(1) A mirror body including an objective optical system that receives light from an object and emits it as afocal light, an imaging optical system that forms an image of the afocal light and forms left and right eye images of the object, and the left and right eye images In a surgical microscope having an eyepiece tube incorporating an eyepiece optical system that respectively enters the left and right eyes of an observer, and the light from the objective optical system is placed between the objective optical system and the imaging optical system. A semi-transmission half reflecting the incident surface that is transmitted and incident, and transmitting a part of the incident light as the first outgoing light and reflecting the other part of the incident light toward the incident surface side at a certain angle. A first prism that has a reflecting surface and reflects light traveling toward the incident surface and uses the reflected light as second outgoing light, and an optical axis of the second outgoing light emitted from the first prism Placed diagonally at an angle and front A first reflection surface that reflects the second emission light, and a second reflection that reflects the second emission light reflected by the first reflection surface toward the emission surface formed again on the first reflection surface side. A second prism having a surface and third reflected light that is emitted from the light exit surface from the light reflected by the second reflective surface, and the first prism is incorporated in the first housing, Two prisms are built in the second housing, and the first housing and the second housing are connected to the first prism so that the second prism rotates about the symmetry axis of the second emitted light, Further, the mirror body is connected to the incident side of the first housing, a first eyepiece tube is connected to the emission side of the first emitted light of the first housing, and the second eyepiece is arranged to the emission side of the second housing. Surgical microscope characterized by connecting tubes Mirror.
[0043]
(2) The surgical microscope according to (1), wherein the first housing is connected to the mirror body so that the first prism rotates around a symmetry axis of the left and right optical axes of the objective optical system.
According to this configuration, when the first prism is rotated around the left and right optical axes of the objective optical system with respect to the mirror body, the first housing incorporating the first prism, the second housing connected thereto, Further, the eyepiece tube connected to this also rotates, and in addition to the action of (1), the direction of the other eyepiece tube changes with respect to the direction of the one eyepiece tube at another location.
[0044]
(3) The objective optical system is composed of two sets of afocal lens groups having a common axis of symmetry with a single objective lens. (1) or (2) Surgical microscope.
According to this configuration, the first prism is rotated, and the observation light (to the left and right eyes of the observer) at a position where one of the two afocal lens groups and the optical axis of the other eyepiece tube coincide with each other. (The light from the object) is incident.
[0045]
(4) The surgical microscope according to (1) or (2), wherein the objective optical system is composed of a single objective lens and an afocal lens group of a single afocal variable magnification optical system.
According to this configuration, even if the first prism is rotated, the partial light flux of the single afocal lens group is imaged by the imaging optical system, and the left and right eyes of the observer are located at any position of the other eyepiece tube. The observation light (light from the object) is incident on.
[0046]
(5) A third prism that reflects the first emitted light of the first prism twice between the first housing and the eyepiece tube connected to the first housing and deflects it at a right angle to produce fourth emitted light. The third housing is connected to the first housing so that the third prism rotates about the optical axis of the first emitted light with respect to the first prism, while the third output is connected to the first housing. The surgical microscope according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the incident light is set so as to be emitted at right angles to the first emitted light.
[0047]
(6) The surgical microscope according to (5), wherein the third prism is a pentaprism.
According to the configurations of (5) and (6), a part of the afocal light incident on the first prism becomes the first outgoing light and enters the third prism. The light incident on the third prism is reflected twice and deflected at right angles to become the fourth outgoing light, which enters the left and right eyes of one observer through the imaging optical system and the eyepiece optical system. Here, when the third prism is rotated around the optical axis of the first outgoing light with respect to the first prism, a third housing incorporating the third prism and an eyepiece tube connected thereto are also provided. In addition to the action of (2), the direction of one eyepiece tube changes in another place. The angle at which the two observers look into the surgical microscope can be freely set.
[0048]
(7) A mirror body including an objective optical system that receives light from an object and emits it as afocal light, an imaging optical system that forms an image of the left and right eyes of the object by imaging the afocal light, and the left and right eye images In a surgical microscope having an eyepiece tube incorporating an eyepiece optical system that allows the left and right eyes of the observer to enter each other, between the objective optical system and the imaging optical system. A first prism having a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective surface that transmits a part of the light as a first outgoing light and reflects the other part of the light as a second outgoing light; and a second outgoing light from the first prism. And a second prism having a reflecting surface for reflecting the second emitted light and a second prism having an emitting surface for emitting the light reflected by the reflecting surface as the third emitted light, and the first prism is a first housing. And the second prism is the second prism. The first housing and the second housing are connected to the first prism so that the second prism rotates about the axis of symmetry of the second outgoing light. Further, the first housing and the second housing are connected to the first prism. The mirror is connected to the incident side of the first housing, the first eyepiece tube is connected to the emission side of the first emitted light of the first housing, and the second eyepiece tube is connected to the emission side of the second housing. Surgical microscope characterized by.
[0049]
(8) The first prism includes a reflecting surface that reflects the first emitted light reflected by the semi-transmissive and semi-reflecting surface, and the second prism receives the second emitted light from the first prism and reflects it first. A first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface for reflecting the light reflected by the first reflecting surface toward the emitting surface; and the second eyepiece tube emits from the second prism to the second housing. The operating microscope according to (7), wherein the operating microscope is connected so as to rotate about the axis of symmetry of the third emitted light.
[0050]
(9) In the first prism, the number of reflecting surfaces that reflect the first outgoing light, including the semi-transmissive and semi-reflecting surfaces, and the number of reflecting surfaces of the second prism are the same, odd or even. (8) The operation microscope characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, since the light beams of two observers are divided by the first prism disposed above the objective optical system, the vicinity of the objective lens can be made compact, and the 90 ° reflection type Since a member occupying a space such as the beam splitter is unnecessary, a space for the total luminous flux between the mirror body and the eyepiece tube is unnecessary, and the work space is expanded. In addition, the housing to which the eyepiece tube is connected It is rotatable around an axis located at the center between the optical axes of the left and right outgoing lights. For this reason, the angle at which the two observers look into the surgical microscope can be set in various ways, and the posture in which the operation is easy can be taken.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a surgical microscope according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the surgical microscope as viewed from the direction of arrow A in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a side view showing a state where the posture of the surgical microscope is changed.
4 is a bottom view of the surgical microscope as seen from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 3. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a diagram in which the posture of the surgical microscope is changed to another state.
FIG. 6 is a diagram in which the posture of the surgical microscope is changed to another state.
FIG. 7 is a front view of a surgical microscope according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the internal structure of the body of the surgical microscope according to the second embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a front view of a surgical microscope according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a front view showing a state where the posture of the surgical microscope according to the third embodiment is changed.
FIG. 11 is a front view of a surgical microscope according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a side view showing a state where the posture of the surgical microscope according to the third embodiment is changed.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... The microscope body of a surgical microscope, 2 ... Objective lens of an objective optical system, 3 ... 1st housing, 4 ... 1st prism, 5 ... 2nd housing, 6 ... 2nd prism, 7a, 7b ... Eyepiece tube, 8a, 8b ... imaging optical system, 9a, 9b ... ocular optical system, 10 ... incident surface, 11 ... semi-transmissive / semi-reflective surface, 12 ... emission surface, 13 ... total reflection surface, O1 ... optical axis, O2 ... optical axis , O3 ... central axis.

Claims

Built-in objective optical system that receives light from the object to be observed and emits it as afocal light, and a mirror that is supported by a gantry, and an imaging optical system that forms the left and right eye images of the object by imaging the afocal light And a surgical microscope having two eyepiece tubes each containing an eyepiece optical system that allows the left and right eye images to enter the left and right eyes of an observer, respectively.
An incident surface provided between the objective optical system and the imaging optical system, on which light from the objective optical system is incident, and a part of the incident light directed toward one first eyepiece tube; A semi-transparent semi-reflective surface that transmits as one outgoing light and reflects another part of the incident light toward the incident surface side at a certain angle, and reflects light toward the incident surface side to reflect the first outgoing light. A first prism having an outgoing reflection surface that emits the second outgoing light obliquely upward not orthogonal to the outgoing direction of the outgoing light ;
A first reflecting surface that is obliquely arranged with an angle with respect to an optical axis of the second outgoing light emitted from the first prism, and that reflects the second outgoing light; and the first reflective surface that is reflected by the first reflective surface. (2) a second reflecting surface that reflects the emitted light toward the emitting surface formed again on the first reflecting surface side, is reflected by the second reflecting surface, and is reflected from the emitting surface side to the other second contact A second prism in which the light emitted toward the eyeglass tube is a third outgoing light, and the optical axis direction of the third outgoing light is arranged obliquely at an angle with respect to the optical axis direction of the second outgoing light;
With
The first prism is built in a first housing, the second prism is built in a second housing, and the first housing and the second housing are located on the left and right sides of the first prism with respect to the first prism. It is connected to rotate around an axis located at the center between the optical axes of the second outgoing light, and further, the mirror is connected to the incident side of the first housing, and the first outgoing light of the first housing is connected. The first eyepiece tube is connected to the output side, and the left and right third output light beams are emitted from the second prism to the output side of the third housing from the second prism. A surgical microscope characterized in that it is connected to rotate about an axis located at the center between the optical axes.

2. The surgical microscope according to claim 1, wherein the first housing is connected to the mirror body so that the first prism rotates around an axis positioned at the center of the left and right optical axes of the objective optical system. .

A third prism is disposed between the first housing and the first eyepiece tube to reflect the first emitted light from the first prism and change the direction of the first emitted light to produce the fourth emitted light. In addition, the first housing and the first eyepiece tube are connected to rotate around an axis located at the center between the optical axes of the left and right fourth outgoing lights of the third prism. The surgical microscope according to claim 1 or 2.

The number of reflective surfaces that reflect the second outgoing light, including the semi-transmissive and semi-reflective surfaces of the first prism, and the number of reflective surfaces that reflect the second outgoing light of the second prism are odd or even. The surgical microscope according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the number is the same.