JP3831395B2 - Toner container - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a toner container for storing an electrostatic image developing toner for developing an electrostatic image formed on the surface of a photoreceptor in electrophotography or electrostatic recording.

  Conventionally, in an electrophotographic apparatus, an electrostatic recording apparatus, or the like, an electric or magnetic latent image is visualized with toner. For example, in electrophotography, an electrostatic charge image (latent image) is formed on a photoreceptor, and then the latent image is developed with toner to form a toner image. The toner image is usually transferred onto a transfer material such as paper and then fixed by a method such as heating. Toner used for electrostatic image development is generally colored particles in which a binder, a colorant, a charge control agent, and other additives are contained in a binder resin. There is a suspension polymerization method. In the pulverization method, a colorant, a charge control agent, an offset preventing agent and the like are melt-mixed in a thermoplastic resin and uniformly dispersed, and the resulting composition is pulverized and classified to produce a toner. According to the pulverization method, a toner having some excellent characteristics can be produced, but there is a limitation in the selection of the toner material. For example, the composition obtained by melt mixing must be capable of being pulverized and classified by economically usable equipment. From this requirement, the melt-mixed composition must be made sufficiently brittle. Therefore, when the above composition is actually pulverized into particles, a high-range particle size distribution is likely to be formed, and when attempting to obtain a copy image with good resolution and gradation, for example, the particle size Fine powders of 5 μm or less and coarse powders of 20 μm or more must be removed by classification, which has the disadvantage that the toner yield becomes very low. Further, in the pulverization method, it is difficult to uniformly disperse the colorant, the charge control agent, and the like in the thermoplastic resin. The uneven dispersion of the compounding agent adversely affects the fluidity, developability, durability, image quality and the like of the toner.

  In recent years, in order to overcome these problems in the pulverization method, a toner production method by a suspension polymerization method has been proposed and implemented. A technique for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image by a polymerization method is known. For example, toner particles are obtained by a suspension polymerization method. However, the toner particles obtained by the suspension polymerization method are spherical and have a drawback of poor cleaning properties. Development / transfer with a low image area ratio results in a small amount of residual toner, and poor cleaning does not pose a problem. However, images with a high image area ratio, such as photographic images, and untransferred images formed due to poor paper feed, etc. Toner may be generated on the photoconductor as untransferred toner, and if accumulated, the image may be soiled. In addition, the charging roller that contacts and charges the photosensitive member is contaminated, and the original charging ability cannot be exhibited. For this reason, a method for obtaining irregularly shaped toner particles by associating resin fine particles obtained by an emulsion polymerization method is disclosed (see Patent Document 1). However, in the toner particles obtained by the emulsion polymerization method, a large amount of the surfactant remains not only on the surface but also inside the particles even after the water washing step, and the environmental stability of the toner charging is impaired. The amount distribution is widened, and the background stain of the obtained image becomes poor. Further, the remaining surfactant contaminates the photoreceptor, the charging roller, the developing roller, etc., and the original charging ability cannot be exhibited.

  On the other hand, in a fixing process using a contact heating method performed using a heating member such as a heat roller, the toner particles are required to release from the heating member (hereinafter referred to as “offset resistance”). Here, the offset resistance can be improved by the presence of a release agent on the toner particle surface. On the other hand, Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose methods for improving offset resistance not only by containing resin fine particles in the toner particles but also by unevenly distributing the resin fine particles on the surface of the toner particles. Yes. However, the minimum fixing temperature is increased, and the low temperature fixing property, that is, the energy saving fixing property is not sufficient.

However, the method of obtaining irregular toner particles by associating resin fine particles obtained by the emulsion polymerization method causes the following problems. When releasing agent fine particles are associated with each other in order to improve offset resistance, the releasing agent fine particles are taken into the toner particles, and as a result, the offset resistance cannot be sufficiently improved. . Resin fine particles, release agent fine particles, colorant fine particles, etc. are randomly fused to constitute toner particles, so there is a variation in composition (content ratio of constituent components) and molecular weight of constituent resins among the obtained toner particles. As a result, the toner particles have different surface characteristics, and a stable image cannot be formed over a long period of time. Further, in a low-temperature fixing system requiring low-temperature fixing, fixing inhibition occurs due to resin fine particles unevenly distributed on the toner surface, and a fixing temperature range cannot be secured.
Japanese Patent No. 2537503 JP 2000-292773 A JP 2000-292978 A

  The subject of this invention is as follows. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first object of the present invention is to provide a toner that is compatible with a low-temperature fixing system while maintaining cleaning properties, has good offset resistance, and does not contaminate a fixing device and an image. A second object of the present invention is to provide a toner container that contains toner capable of forming a visible image having a sharp charge amount distribution and good sharpness over a long period of time.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors dissolved or dispersed a toner composition containing a modified polyester resin capable of reacting with active hydrogen in an organic solvent, and dissolved or dispersed the toner composition. In the method of obtaining toner particles by reacting a product with a crosslinking agent or an extender in an aqueous medium containing resin fine particles, it is important that the resin fine particles are unevenly distributed on the surface of the toner particles for particle size and shape control. In order to obtain a toner that satisfies low temperature fixing and has good offset resistance, it is important to remove the adhering resin fine particles from the toner surface and complete the present invention. Has been reached. That is, according to the present invention, a toner container comprising the following electrostatic charge image developing toner and a container for storing the toner is provided.
(1) Resin fine particles capable of forming an aqueous dispersion from a solution or dispersion formed by dissolving or dispersing a toner composition containing a toner binder comprising a modified polyester resin capable of reacting with active hydrogen in an organic solvent. In a toner obtained by reacting with a crosslinking agent and / or an extender in an aqueous medium containing the solvent, removing the solvent from the obtained dispersion, and washing and desorbing the resin fine particles adhering to the toner surface A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, wherein the residual ratio of the resin fine particles remaining on the toner particle surface measured by a gas chromatograph (mass spectrometry) to the toner particles is 2.5 wt% or less with respect to the toner particles;
A container for storing toner;
And a toner container containing toner.
(2) The toner binder contains an unmodified polyester resin together with the modified polyester resin, and the weight ratio of the modified polyester resin to the unmodified polyester resin is 5/95 to 80/20. The toner-containing toner container according to claim 1.
(3) The toner container according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the toner binder has an acid value of 1 to 30 mgKOH / g.
(4) The toner-containing toner container according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the toner binder has a glass transition point (Tg) of 50 to 70 ° C.
(5) The resin fine particles are made of at least one resin selected from vinyl resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, and polyester resins, according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Toner container with toner.
(6) The toner-containing toner container according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the resin fine particles have an average particle diameter of 5 to 2000 nm.
(7) The toner container according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the toner particles have a volume average particle diameter of 4 to 8 μm.
(8) The toner container according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the toner particles have a Dv / Dn of 1.25 or less.
(9) The toner-containing toner container according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the toner particles have an average circularity of 0.96 to 0.94.
(10) The toner container according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the step of removing the solvent from the dispersion is performed under reduced pressure and / or heating conditions.
(11) The toner-containing toner container according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the step of removing the solvent from the dispersion is performed by filtration.

  The toner of the present invention has good initial printing quality, excellent image quality stability in continuous printing, stable cleaning properties, and low temperature fixing in which filming contamination to a photoreceptor, a developing roller and the like is prevented. A toner container containing toner is obtained.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

(Residual rate of resin fine particles)
The resin fine particles in the toner of the present invention are added in the manufacturing process in order to control the toner shape (circularity, particle size distribution, etc.), which will be described later, but the residual ratio of the resin fine particles unevenly distributed on the toner surface to the toner particles is high. It is important to make it 2.5 wt% or less. When the residual ratio of resin fine particles exceeds 2.5 wt%, the resin fine particles inhibit the adhesiveness to the fixing paper, and the fixing minimum temperature rises. End up. Accordingly, since a sufficient fixing temperature range cannot be secured, there is a problem that fixing cannot be performed by a copying machine of a low-temperature fixing system, or the fixed image is peeled off when rubbed. In addition, the resin fine particles inhibit the triboelectric chargeability, resulting in poor charging of the toner, resulting in background smearing of the obtained image and toner scattering at the developing portion, causing toner contamination of each member / part. The residual ratio of the resin fine particles can be measured by analyzing a substance caused by the resin fine particles without using the toner particles with a pyrolysis gas chromatograph (mass spectrometry), and calculating from the peak area. The residual ratio of the resin fine particles is represented by the following formula.

  R = A / B × 100R: Residual ratio of resin fine particles A: Weight of resin fine particles on toner particles B: Weight of toner particles.

(Circularity and circularity distribution)
It is important that the toner in the present invention has a specific shape and shape distribution. An toner having an average circularity of 0.94 or less and an irregular shape that is too far from a spherical shape has satisfactory transferability and dust. A high-quality image with no image cannot be obtained. As a method for measuring the shape, an optical detection band method is suitable in which a suspension containing particles is passed through an imaging unit detection band on a flat plate, and a particle image is optically detected and analyzed by a CCD camera. . Toner having an average circularity of 0.96 to 0.94, which is a value obtained by dividing the perimeter of an equivalent circle having the same projected area obtained by this method by the perimeter of the actual particle, has a high density with a reproducibility of an appropriate density. It was found to be effective in forming a clear image. More preferably, particles having an average circularity of 0.955 to 0.945 and a circularity of less than 0.94 are 10% or less. Further, when the average circularity is 0.96 or more, in a system employing blade cleaning or the like, a cleaning failure occurs on the photosensitive member or the transfer belt, causing stain on the image. For example, development / transfer with a low image area ratio results in a small amount of residual toner and poor cleaning does not pose a problem, but images with a high image area ratio such as photographic images, and untransferred images due to poor paper feed, etc. The formed toner may be generated as a transfer residual toner on the photoconductor, and if accumulated, the image may be soiled. In addition, the charging roller that contacts and charges the photosensitive member is contaminated, and the original charging ability cannot be exhibited. This value can be measured as an average circularity by a flow type particle image analyzer FPIA-1000 (manufactured by Toa Medical Electronics Co., Ltd.). As a specific measuring method, 0.1 to 0.5 ml of a surfactant, preferably alkylbenzene sulfonate is added as a dispersant to 100 to 150 ml of water from which impure solids have been removed in advance, and further measurement is performed. Add about 0.1-0.5g of sample. The suspension in which the sample is dispersed is obtained by performing dispersion treatment for about 1 to 3 minutes with an ultrasonic disperser and measuring the shape and distribution of the toner with the above apparatus at a dispersion concentration of 3000 to 10,000 / μl. .

[Dv / Dn (ratio of volume average particle diameter / number average particle diameter)]
The toner has a volume average particle diameter (Dv) of 4 to 8 μm and a ratio (Dv / Dn) to the number average particle diameter (Dn) of 1.25 or less, preferably 1.10 to 1.25. The toner has excellent heat resistance, low-temperature fixability, and hot offset resistance, particularly excellent image gloss when used in full-color copiers, etc. Even if the balance is performed, the fluctuation of the toner particle diameter in the developer is reduced, and good and stable developability can be obtained even with long-term stirring in the developing device. Even when used as a one-component developer, even if the balance of the toner is performed, the fluctuation of the toner particle diameter is reduced, and the toner is filmed on the developing roller and the toner is made thin. The toner was not fused to a member such as a blade, and good and stable developability and images were obtained even when the developing device was used (stirred) for a long time. In general, it is said that the smaller the particle size of the toner, the more advantageous it is to obtain a high-resolution and high-quality image, but it is disadvantageous for transferability and cleaning properties. is there. Further, when the volume average particle diameter is smaller than the range of the present invention, in the case of the two-component developer, the toner is fused to the surface of the carrier during a long period of stirring in the developing device, and the charging ability of the carrier is reduced, or the one-component development is performed. When used as an agent, toner filming on the developing roller and toner fusion to a member such as a blade for thinning the toner are likely to occur. Further, these phenomena are the same for the toner having a fine powder content larger than the range of the present invention. On the contrary, when the particle diameter of the toner is larger than the range of the present invention, it becomes difficult to obtain a high resolution and high quality image, and when the balance of the toner in the developer is performed, In many cases, the variation of the particle size becomes large. It was also clarified that the same applies when the volume average particle diameter / number average particle diameter is larger than 1.25. Further, when the volume average particle size / number average particle size is smaller than 1.10, there are preferable aspects from the viewpoint of stabilizing the behavior of the toner and equalizing the charge amount, but the toner cannot be sufficiently charged. As a result, it became clear that the cleaning property may be deteriorated.

[Modified polyester resin capable of reacting with active hydrogen (MPE)]
Examples of the reactive modified polyester resin (RMPE) capable of reacting with active hydrogen include a polyester prepolymer (A) having an isocyanate group. Examples of the prepolymer (A) include a polycondensate of a polyol (PO) and a polycarboxylic acid (PC) and a polyisocyanate (PIC) reacted with a polyester having active hydrogen. Examples of the group containing active hydrogen in the polyester include a hydroxyl group (alcoholic hydroxyl group and phenolic hydroxyl group), an amino group, a carboxyl group, a mercapto group, and the like. Among these, an alcoholic hydroxyl group is preferable. Modified polyester (MPE) such as urea-modified polyester is easy to adjust the molecular weight of its polymer component, and is a dry toner, especially oil-less low-temperature fixing characteristics (extensive releasability without a mechanism for applying a release oil to a fixing heating medium) And fixing property). Particularly, a polyester prepolymer whose end is modified with urea can suppress adhesion to a heating medium for fixing while maintaining high fluidity and transparency in the fixing temperature range of the unmodified polyester resin itself. Examples of the polyol (PO) include diol (DIO) and trivalent or higher polyol (TO), and DIO alone or a mixture of DIO and a small amount of TO is preferable. Examples of the diol include alkylene glycol (ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, etc.); alkylene ether glycol (diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, Dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol, etc.); alicyclic diols (1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, etc.); bisphenols (bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, etc.) ); Adducts of alkylene oxides (ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, etc.) of the above alicyclic diols; Alkylene oxide (ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, etc.), etc. adducts. Among them, preferred are alkylene glycols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenols, and particularly preferred are alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenols and alkylene glycols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. It is a combined use. Examples of the trivalent or higher polyol (TO) include 3 to 8 or higher polyhydric aliphatic alcohols (glycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, etc.); trivalent or higher phenols (Tris) Phenol PA, phenol novolak, cresol novolak, etc.); alkylene oxide adducts of the above trivalent or more polyphenols.

  Examples of the polycarboxylic acid (PC) include dicarboxylic acid (DIC) and trivalent or higher polycarboxylic acid (TC), and DIC alone or a mixture of DIC and a small amount of TC is preferable. Dicarboxylic acids include alkylene dicarboxylic acids (succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, etc.); alkenylene dicarboxylic acids (maleic acid, fumaric acid, etc.); aromatic dicarboxylic acids (phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, etc.) ) And the like. Of these, preferred are alkenylene dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and aromatic dicarboxylic acids having 8 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of the trivalent or higher valent polycarboxylic acid include aromatic polycarboxylic acids having 9 to 20 carbon atoms (such as trimellitic acid and pyromellitic acid). In addition, as polycarboxylic acid, you may make it react with a polyol using the acid anhydride or lower alkyl ester (methyl ester, ethyl ester, isopropyl ester, etc.) of the above-mentioned thing. The ratio of the polyol (PO) and the polycarboxylic acid (PC) is usually 2/1 to 1/1, as the equivalent ratio [OH] / [COOH] of the hydroxyl group [OH] and the carboxyl group [COOH], preferably 1.5 / 1 to 1/1, more preferably 1.3 / 1 to 1.02 / 1.

  As polyisocyanate (PIC), aliphatic polyisocyanate (tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,6-diisocyanatomethylcaproate, etc.); alicyclic polyisocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate, cyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, etc.); aromatic Diisocyanates (tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, etc.); araliphatic diisocyanates (α, α, α ′, α′-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, etc.); isocyanurates; polyisocyanates such as phenol derivatives, oximes, caprolactam And a combination of two or more of these. The ratio of the polyisocyanate (PIC) is usually 5/1 to 1/1, preferably 4 /, as an equivalent ratio [NCO] / [OH] of the isocyanate group [NCO] and the hydroxyl group [OH] of the polyester having a hydroxyl group. 1 to 1.2 / 1, more preferably 2.5 / 1 to 1.5 / 1. When [NCO] / [OH] exceeds 5, low-temperature fixability deteriorates. When the molar ratio of [NCO] is less than 1, in the case of a urea-modified polyester, the urea content in the polyester becomes low and the hot offset resistance deteriorates. The content of the polyisocyanate (PIC) component in the polyester prepolymer (A) having an isocyanate group at the terminal is usually 0.5 to 40% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 2 to 20% by weight. %. If it is less than 0.5% by weight, the hot offset resistance deteriorates, and it is disadvantageous in terms of both heat-resistant storage stability and low-temperature fixability. On the other hand, if it exceeds 40% by weight, the low-temperature fixability deteriorates. The number of isocyanate groups contained per molecule in the polyester prepolymer (A) having an isocyanate group is usually 1 or more, preferably 1.5 to 3 on average, more preferably 1.8 to 2.5 on average. It is a piece. If it is less than 1 per molecule, the molecular weight of the modified polyester will be low, and the hot offset resistance will deteriorate.

  In the present invention, a urea-modified polyester that is preferably used as a toner binder can be obtained by a reaction between a polyester prepolymer (A) having an isocyanate group and an amine (B). As amines (B), diamine (B1), trivalent or higher polyamine (B2), aminoalcohol (B3), aminomercaptan (B4), amino acid (B5), and amino acids B1-B5 blocked (B6) etc. are mentioned. Examples of the diamine (B1) include aromatic diamines (phenylenediamine, diethyltoluenediamine, 4,4′diaminodiphenylmethane, etc.); alicyclic diamines (4,4′-diamino-3,3′dimethyldicyclohexylmethane, diaminecyclohexane, Isophorone diamine etc.); and aliphatic diamines (ethylene diamine, tetramethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine etc.) and the like. Examples of the trivalent or higher polyamine (B2) include diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine. Examples of amino alcohol (B3) include ethanolamine and hydroxyethylaniline. Examples of amino mercaptan (B4) include aminoethyl mercaptan and aminopropyl mercaptan. Examples of the amino acid (B5) include aminopropionic acid and aminocaproic acid. Examples of the compound (B6) in which the amino group of B1 to B5 is blocked include ketimine compounds and oxazolidone compounds obtained from the amines of B1 to B5 and ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, etc.). Among these amines (B), preferred are B1 and a mixture of B1 and a small amount of B2. Furthermore, the molecular weight of a modified polyester such as urea-modified polyester can be adjusted using an elongation terminator. Examples of the elongation terminator include monoamines (diethylamine, dibutylamine, butylamine, laurylamine, etc.), and those obtained by blocking them (ketimine compounds). The ratio of amines (B) is the equivalent ratio [NCO] / [NHx] of isocyanate groups [NCO] in the prepolymer (A) having isocyanate groups and amino groups [NHx] in amines (B). The ratio is usually 1/2 to 2/1, preferably 1.5 / 1 to 1 / 1.5, more preferably 1.2 / 1 to 1 / 1.2. When [NCO] / [NHx] exceeds 2 or less than 1/2, the molecular weight of a modified polyester such as urea-modified polyester (UMPE) becomes low, and the hot offset resistance deteriorates. In the present invention, the polyester modified with urea bonds (UMPE) may contain urethane bonds as well as urea bonds. The molar ratio of the urea bond content to the urethane bond content is usually 100/0 to 10/90, preferably 80/20 to 20/80, and more preferably 60/40 to 30/70. When the molar ratio of the urea bond is less than 10%, the hot offset resistance is deteriorated.

  As a crosslinking agent or an extender for the modified polyester used in the present invention, an active hydrogen compound capable of reacting with a reactive group such as an isocyanate group, preferably the amines (B) can be used.

  The modified polyester such as urea-modified polyester (UMPE) used as a toner binder in the present invention is produced by a one-shot method or a prepolymer method. The weight average molecular weight of the modified polyester such as urea-modified polyester is usually 10,000 or more, preferably 20,000 to 10,000,000, and more preferably 30,000 to 1,000,000. If it is less than 10,000, the hot offset resistance deteriorates. The number average molecular weight of the modified polyester such as urea-modified polyester is not particularly limited when the unmodified polyester (PE) described later is used, and may be a number average molecular weight that can be easily obtained to obtain the weight average molecular weight. . In the case of the modified polyester alone, the number average molecular weight is usually 20000 or less, preferably 1000 to 10000, and more preferably 2000 to 8000. When it exceeds 20000, the low-temperature fixability and the glossiness when used in a full-color apparatus are deteriorated.

[Unmodified polyester (PE)]
In the present invention, the modified polyester (MPE) can be used not only alone, but also with the MPE, unmodified polyester (PE) can be contained as a toner binder component. The combined use of PE improves low-temperature fixability and gloss when used in a full-color device, and is preferable to single use. Examples of PE include polycondensates of polyol (PO) and polycarboxylic acid (PC) similar to those used in the modified polyester such as UMPE, and preferred ones are the same as in the case of modified polyester. . In addition, PE may be modified not only with unmodified polyester but also with a chemical bond other than a urea bond, for example, with a urethane bond. It is preferable that MPE and PE are at least partially compatible in terms of low-temperature fixability and hot offset resistance. Therefore, a similar composition is preferable for the polyester component of MPE and PE. When PE is contained, the weight ratio of MPE to PE is usually 5/95 to 80/20, preferably 5/95 to 30/70, more preferably 5/95 to 25/75, and particularly preferably 7/93. ~ 20/80. If the weight ratio of MPE is less than 5%, the hot offset resistance deteriorates, and it is disadvantageous in terms of both heat-resistant storage stability and low-temperature fixability. The peak molecular weight of PE is usually 1000-30000, preferably 1500-10000, more preferably 2000-8000. If it is less than 1000, heat-resistant storage stability will deteriorate, and if it exceeds 10,000, low-temperature fixability will deteriorate. The hydroxyl value of PE is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 to 120, and particularly preferably 20 to 80. If it is less than 5, it is disadvantageous in terms of both heat-resistant storage stability and low-temperature fixability. The acid value of PE is usually 1-30, preferably 5-20. By having an acid value, it tends to be negatively charged.

In the present invention, the glass transition point (Tg) of the toner binder is usually 50 to 70 ° C., preferably 55 to 65 ° C. If it is less than 50 ° C., the heat resistant storage stability of the toner is deteriorated, and if it exceeds 70 ° C., the low-temperature fixability becomes insufficient. Due to the coexistence of the modified polyester resin, the dry toner of the present invention tends to have good heat-resistant storage stability even when the glass transition point is low, as compared with known polyester toners. As the storage elastic modulus of the toner binder, the temperature (TG ′) at which 10000 dyne / cm ² is obtained at a measurement frequency of 20 Hz is usually 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 110 to 200 ° C. If it is less than 100 ° C., the resistance to hot offset deteriorates. As the viscosity of the toner binder, the temperature (Tη) at 1000 poise at a measurement frequency of 20 Hz is usually 180 ° C. or lower, preferably 90 to 160 ° C. If it exceeds 180 ° C., the low-temperature fixability deteriorates. That is, TG ′ is preferably higher than Tη from the viewpoint of achieving both low temperature fixability and hot offset resistance. In other words, the difference between TG ′ and Tη (TG′−Tη) is preferably 0 ° C. or higher. More preferably, it is 10 degreeC or more, Most preferably, it is 20 degreeC or more. The upper limit of the difference is not particularly limited. Further, from the viewpoint of achieving both heat-resistant storage stability and low-temperature fixability, the difference between Tη and Tg is preferably 0 to 100 ° C. More preferably, it is 10-90 degreeC, Most preferably, it is 20-80 degreeC.

(Coloring agent)
As the colorant used in the present invention, all known dyes and pigments can be used. Examples of such materials include carbon black, nigrosine dye, iron black, naphthol yellow S, Hansa yellow (10G, 5G, G), cadmium yellow, yellow iron oxide, ocher, yellow lead, titanium yellow, poly Azo Yellow, Oil Yellow, Hansa Yellow (GR, A, RN, R), Pigment Yellow L, Benzidine Yellow (G, GR), Permanent Yellow (NCG), Vulcan Fast Yellow (5G, R), Tartrazine Lake, Quinoline Yellow Lake, Anthrazan Yellow BGL, Isoindolinone Yellow, Bengala, Red Dan, Lead Zhu, Cadmium Red, Cadmium Mercury Red, Antimon Zhu, Permanent Red 4R, Para Red, Faucet Red, Parachlor Ortho Nitroaniline Red, risor Fast Scarlet G, Brilliant Fast Scarlet, Brilliant Carmine BS, Permanent Red (F2R, F4R, FRL, FRLL, F4RH), Fast Scarlet VD, Belkan Fast Rubin B, Brilliant Scarlet G, Resol Rubin GX, Permanent Red F5R, Brilliant Carmine 6B, Pigment Scarlet 3B, Bordeaux 5B, Toluidine Maroon, Permanent Bordeaux F2K, Helio Bordeaux BL, Bordeaux 10B, Bon Maroon Light, Bon Maroon Medium, Eosin Lake, Rhodamine Lake B, Rhodamine Lake Y, Alizarin Lake, Thioindigo Red B, thioindigo maroon, oil red, quinacridone red, pyrazolone red, polyazo red, chrome -Million, Benzidine Orange, Perinone Orange, Oil Orange, Cobalt Blue, Cerulean Blue, Alkaline Blue Lake, Peacock Blue Lake, Victoria Blue Lake, Metal Free Phthalocyanine Blue, Phthalocyanine Blue, Fast Sky Blue, Indanthrene Blue (RS, BC) ), Indigo, Ultramarine Blue, Bituminous Blue, Anthraquinone Blue, Fast Violet B, Methyl Violet Lake, Cobalt Purple, Manganese Purple, Dioxane Violet, Anthraquinone Violet, Chrome Green, Zinc Green, Chrome Oxide, Pyridian, Emerald Green, Pigment Green B, Naphthol Green B, Green Gold, Acid Green Lake, Malachite Green Lake, Phthalocyanine Green, Ant Laquinone green, titanium oxide, zinc white, litbon and mixtures thereof can be used. The content of the colorant is usually 1 to 15% by weight, preferably 3 to 10% by weight, based on the toner.

  The colorant used in the present invention can also be used as a master batch combined with a resin. As the binder resin kneaded with the masterbatch production or masterbatch, in addition to the above-mentioned modified and unmodified polyester resins, styrene such as polystyrene, poly p-chlorostyrene and polyvinyltoluene, and polymers of substituted products thereof. Styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-propylene copolymer, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer Polymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-α -Methyl chloromethacrylate copolymer Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, styrene-malein Styrene copolymers such as acid ester copolymers; polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, epoxy resin, epoxy polyol resin, polyurethane, polyamide, polyvinyl butyral, poly Acrylic resin, rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin, paraffin wax, etc. wear. This master batch can be obtained by mixing and kneading a resin for a master batch and a colorant under a high shear force to obtain a master batch. At this time, an organic solvent can be used to enhance the interaction between the colorant and the resin. Also, a so-called flushing method called watering paste containing water of a colorant is mixed and kneaded together with a resin and an organic solvent, and the colorant is transferred to the resin side to remove moisture and organic solvent components. Since it can be used as it is, it does not need to be dried and is preferably used. For mixing and kneading, a high shear dispersion device such as a three-roll mill is preferably used.

(Release agent)
Further, the toner of the present invention may contain a wax together with a toner binder and a colorant. As the wax used in the present invention, known waxes can be used. Examples of such materials include polyolefin waxes (polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, etc.); long chain hydrocarbons (paraffin wax, sazol wax, etc.); carbonyl group-containing waxes, and the like. Of these, carbonyl group-containing waxes are preferred. Carbonyl group-containing waxes include polyalkanoic acid esters (carnauba wax, montan wax, trimethylolpropane tribehenate, pentaerythritol tetrabehenate, pentaerythritol diacetate dibehenate, glycerin tribehenate, 1,18 -Octadecanediol distearate, etc.); polyalkanol esters (tristearyl trimellitic acid, distearyl maleate, etc.); polyalkanoic acid amides (ethylene diamine dibehenyl amide, etc.); polyalkylamides (trimellitic acid tristearyl amide, etc.) And dialkyl ketones (such as distearyl ketone). Among these carbonyl group-containing waxes, polyalkanoic acid esters are preferred. The melting point of the wax of the present invention is usually 40 to 160 ° C, preferably 50 to 120 ° C, more preferably 60 to 90 ° C. A wax having a melting point of less than 40 ° C. has an adverse effect on heat resistant storage stability, and a wax having a melting point of more than 160 ° C. tends to cause a cold offset when fixing at a low temperature. Further, the melt viscosity of the wax is preferably 5 to 1000 cps, more preferably 10 to 100 cps as a measured value at a temperature 20 ° C. higher than the melting point. Waxes exceeding 1000 cps have poor effects for improving hot offset resistance and low-temperature fixability. The content of the wax in the toner is usually 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 3 to 30% by weight.

(Charge control agent)
The toner of the present invention may contain a charge control agent as necessary. Any known charge control agent can be used. Examples of such dyes include nigrosine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, chromium-containing metal complex dyes, molybdate chelate pigments, rhodamine dyes, alkoxy amines, quaternary ammonium salts (fluorine-modified quaternary ammonium salts). ), Alkylamide, phosphorus simple substance or compound, tungsten simple substance or compound, fluorine-based activator, salicylic acid metal salt, metal salt of salicylic acid derivative, and the like. Specifically, Nitronine-based dye Bontron 03, quaternary ammonium salt Bontron P-51, metal-containing azo dye Bontron S-34, oxynaphthoic acid metal complex E-82, salicylic acid metal complex E- 84, E-89 of a phenol-based condensate (manufactured by Orient Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), TP-302 of a quaternary ammonium salt molybdenum complex, TP-415 (manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), quaternary ammonium Copy charge PSY VP2038 of salt, copy blue PR of triphenylmethane derivative, copy charge of quaternary ammonium salt NEG VP2036, copy charge NX VP434 (manufactured by Hoechst), LRA-901, LR-147 which is a boron complex (Nippon Carlit), copper phthalocyanine, perylene, quinacridone Azo pigments, sulfonate group, carboxyl group, and polymer compounds having a functional group such as a quaternary ammonium salt. In the present invention, the amount of charge control agent used is determined by the toner production method including the type of binder resin, the presence or absence of additives used as necessary, and the dispersion method, and is uniquely limited. However, it is preferably used in the range of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. The range of 0.2 to 5 parts by weight is preferable. When the amount exceeds 10 parts by weight, the chargeability of the toner is too high, the effect of the main charge control agent is reduced, the electrostatic attractive force with the developing roller is increased, the flowability of the developer is reduced, and the image density is reduced. Incurs a decline. These charge control agents can be dissolved and dispersed after being melt-kneaded with a masterbatch and resin, and of course, they can be added directly when dissolved and dispersed in an organic solvent. May be.

(Resin fine particles)
As the resin fine particles used in the present invention, any resin can be used as long as it can form an aqueous dispersion, and it may be a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin. Examples of such resins include vinyl resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, silicon resins, phenol resins, melamine resins, urea resins, aniline resins, ionomer resins, and polycarbonate resins. Is mentioned. The resin fine particles may be a combination of two or more of the above resins. Among these, those made of a vinyl resin, a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, a polyester resin, and a resin using a combination thereof are preferable because an aqueous dispersion of fine spherical resin particles is easily obtained. The vinyl resin is a polymer obtained by homopolymerization or copolymerization of a vinyl monomer, such as a styrene- (meth) acrylate resin, a styrene-butadiene copolymer, a (meth) acrylic acid-acrylate polymer, Examples include styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, and the like. The average particle diameter of the resin fine particles is 5 to 2000 nm, preferably 20 to 300 nm.

(External additive)
As the external additive for assisting the fluidity, developability and chargeability of the colored resin particles obtained in the present invention, inorganic fine particles can be preferably used. The primary particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 5 mμ to 2 μm, and particularly preferably 5 mμ to 500 mμ. Moreover, it is preferable that the specific surface area by BET method is 20-500 m < ² > / g. The proportion of the inorganic fine particles used is preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight of the toner, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 2.0% by weight. Specific examples of the inorganic fine particles include, for example, silica, alumina, titanium oxide, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, strontium titanate, zinc oxide, tin oxide, quartz sand, clay, mica, wollastonite, diatomaceous earth. Examples include soil, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, pengala, antimony trioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride. In addition, polymer fine particles such as polystyrene obtained by soap-free emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization and dispersion polymerization, methacrylic acid ester and acrylic acid ester copolymer, polycondensation system such as silicone, benzoguanamine and nylon, thermosetting resin And polymer particles. Such external additives can be surface treated to increase hydrophobicity and prevent deterioration of flow characteristics and charging characteristics even under high humidity. For example, silane coupling agents, silylating agents, silane coupling agents having an alkyl fluoride group, organic titanate coupling agents, aluminum coupling agents, silicone oils, modified silicone oils and the like are preferable surface treatment agents. . Examples of the cleaning property improver for removing the developer after transfer remaining on the photoreceptor or the primary transfer medium include, for example, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, fatty acid metal salts such as stearic acid, such as polymethyl methacrylate fine particles, polystyrene fine particles, etc. And polymer fine particles produced by soap-free emulsion polymerization. The polymer fine particles preferably have a relatively narrow particle size distribution and a volume average particle size of 0.01 to 1 μm.

(Production method)
The toner binder can be produced by the following method. Polyol (PO) and polycarboxylic acid (PC) are heated to 150-280 ° C. in the presence of a known esterification catalyst such as tetrabutoxytitanate, dibutyltin oxide, etc., and the generated water is distilled off as necessary. Thus, a polyester having a hydroxyl group is obtained. Next, this is reacted with polyisocyanate (PIC) at 40 to 140 ° C. to obtain a prepolymer (A) having an isocyanate group. Further, this A is reacted with amines (B) at 0 to 140 ° C. to obtain a polyester modified with a urea bond. When reacting PIC and when reacting A and B, a solvent can be used if necessary. Usable solvents include aromatic solvents (toluene, xylene, etc.); ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, etc.); esters (ethyl acetate, etc.); amides (dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, etc.) and ethers And those inert to isocyanates such as tetrahydrofuran (such as tetrahydrofuran). When polyester (PE) that is not modified with a urea bond is used in combination, PE is produced in the same manner as the polyester having a hydroxyl group, and this is dissolved in the solution after completion of the UMPE reaction and mixed.

  The dry toner of the present invention can be produced by the following method, but is not limited thereto.

(Toner production method in aqueous medium)
The aqueous medium used in the present invention may be water alone, or a solvent miscible with water may be used in combination. Examples of the miscible solvent include alcohol (methanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, etc.), dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, cellosolves (methylcellosolve, etc.), lower ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.) and the like. The toner particles may be formed by reacting a dispersion made of a polyester prepolymer (A) having an isocyanate group in an aqueous medium with amines (B), or a modified polyester such as a urea-modified polyester manufactured in advance. It may be formed by reacting with. As a method for stably forming a dispersion comprising a modified polyester such as urea-modified polyester or prepolymer (A) in an aqueous medium, the composition of the toner raw material comprising the modified polyester or prepolymer (A) in the aqueous medium And a method of dispersing by shearing force. The prepolymer (A) and other toner components (hereinafter referred to as toner raw materials), a colorant, a colorant masterbatch, a release agent, a charge control agent, an unmodified polyester resin, etc. are dispersed in an aqueous medium. It may be mixed at the time of formation, but it is more preferable to mix the toner raw materials in advance and then add and disperse the mixture in the aqueous medium. In the present invention, other toner materials such as a colorant, a release agent, and a charge control agent do not necessarily have to be mixed when forming particles in an aqueous medium, but after the particles are formed. , May be added. For example, after forming particles containing no colorant, the colorant can be added by a known dyeing method.

  The dispersion method is not particularly limited, and known equipment such as a low-speed shear method, a high-speed shear method, a friction method, a high-pressure jet method, and an ultrasonic wave can be applied. In order to make the particle size of the dispersion 2 to 20 μm, a high-speed shearing type is preferable. When a high-speed shearing disperser is used, the number of rotations is not particularly limited, but is usually 1000 to 30000 rpm, preferably 5000 to 20000 rpm. The dispersion time is not particularly limited, but in the case of a batch method, it is usually 0.1 to 5 minutes. The temperature during dispersion is usually 0 to 150 ° C. (under pressure), preferably 40 to 98 ° C. Higher temperatures are preferred in that the dispersion of the modified polyester or prepolymer (A) has a low viscosity and is easily dispersed. The amount of the aqueous medium used is usually 50 to 2000 parts by weight, preferably 100 to 1000 parts by weight, based on 100 parts of the toner composition containing a modified polyester such as urea-modified polyester and the prepolymer (A). If the amount is less than 50 parts by weight, the dispersion state of the toner composition is poor, and toner particles having a predetermined particle diameter cannot be obtained. If it exceeds 20000 parts by weight, it is not economical. Moreover, a dispersing agent can also be used as needed. It is preferable to use a dispersant because the particle size distribution becomes sharp and the dispersion is stable.

  In the step of synthesizing a modified polyester such as urea-modified polyester from the polyester prepolymer (A), the amine (B) may be added and reacted before dispersing the toner composition in the aqueous medium. After the dispersion, an amine (B) may be added to cause a reaction from the particle interface. In this case, the modified polyester is preferentially produced on the surface of the toner to be produced, and a concentration gradient can be provided inside the particles. As a dispersant for emulsifying and dispersing the oily phase in which the toner composition is dispersed in a water-containing liquid, anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, and phosphate ester, alkyl Amine salt type such as amine salt, amino alcohol fatty acid derivative, polyamine fatty acid derivative, imidazoline, alkyltrimethylammonium salt, dialkyldimethylammonium salt, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salt, pyridinium salt, alkylisoquinolinium salt, benzethonium chloride, etc. Quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants such as fatty acid amide derivatives, polyhydric alcohol derivatives, such as alanine, dodecyldi (aminoethyl) glycine, di (octylaminoethyl) glycine and N-alkyl -N, amphoteric surfactants such as N- dimethyl ammonium betaine and the like.

  Further, by using a surfactant having a fluoroalkyl group, the effect can be obtained in a very small amount. Preferred anionic surfactants having a fluoroalkyl group include fluoroalkyl carboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and metal salts thereof, disodium perfluorooctanesulfonyl glutamate, 3- [omega-fluoroalkyl (C6-C11 ) Oxy] -1-alkyl (C3-C4) sodium sulfonate, 3- [omega-fluoroalkanoyl (C6-C8) -N-ethylamino] -1-propanesulfonic acid sodium, fluoroalkyl (C11-C20) carvone Acids and metal salts, perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (C7 to C13) and metal salts thereof, perfluoroalkyl (C4 to C12) sulfonic acids and metal salts thereof, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid diethanolamide, N-propyl-N- (2 Hydroxyethyl) -Fluorooctanesulfonamide, perfluoroalkyl (C6-C10) sulfonamidopropyltrimethylammonium salt, perfluoroalkyl (C6-C10) -N-ethylsulfonylglycine salt, monoperfluoroalkyl (C6-C16) ethyl phosphate, etc. Is mentioned. Product names include Surflon S-111, S-112, S-113 (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), Florard FC-93, FC-95, FC-98, FC-129 (Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.), Unidyne DS-101. DS-102 (Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd.), MegaFuck F-110, F-120, F-113, F-191, F-812, F-833 (Dainippon Ink Co., Ltd.), Xtop EF-102 , 103, 104, 105, 112, 123A, 123B, 306A, 501, 201, 204 (manufactured by Tochem Products), and Fgentent F-100, F150 (manufactured by Neos).

  In addition, as the cationic surfactant, aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts such as aliphatic primary, secondary or secondary amic acid, perfluoroalkyl (C 6 -C 10) sulfonamidopropyltrimethylammonium salt which right the fluoroalkyl group, Benzalkonium salts, benzethonium chloride, pyridinium salts, imidazolinium salts, trade names include Surflon S-121 (manufactured by Asahi Glass), Florard FC-135 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M), Unidyne DS-202 (manufactured by Daikin Industries) ), Megafuck F-150, F-824 (Dainippon Ink Co., Ltd.), Xtop EF-132 (Tochem Products Co., Ltd.), Footgent F-300 (Neos Co., Ltd.), and the like.

  Further, tricalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, colloidal silica, hydroxyapatite and the like can be used as an inorganic compound dispersant that is hardly soluble in water.

  Further, the dispersed droplets may be stabilized by a polymer protective colloid. For example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, α-cyanoacrylic acid, α-cyanomethacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid or maleic anhydride and other (meth) acrylic monomers containing hydroxyl groups Bodies such as β-hydroxyethyl acrylate, β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, β-hydroxypropyl acrylate, β-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, γ-hydroxypropyl acrylate, γ-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3-acrylate Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, diethylene glycol monoacrylate, diethylene glycol monomethacrylate, glycerol monoacrylate, glycerol monomethacrylate, N -Methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, etc., vinyl alcohol or ethers with vinyl alcohol, such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl propyl ether, etc., or esters of compounds containing vinyl alcohol and carboxyl groups, such as Pinyl acetate, pinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, etc., acrylamide, methacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide or their methylol compounds, acid chlorides such as acrylic acid chloride, methacrylic acid chloride, pinyl pyridine, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl imidazole, ethylene imine, etc. Homopolymers or copolymers such as those having nitrogen atoms or heterocyclic rings thereof, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, polymers Oxyethylene alkylamine, polyoxypropylene alkylamine, polyoxyethylene alkylamide, polyoxypropylene alkylamide, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl phenyl ester, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ester Polyoxyethylenes such as, celluloses such as methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and the like can be used.

  In addition, when an acid such as calcium phosphate salt or an alkali-soluble substance is used as the dispersion stabilizer, the calcium phosphate salt is removed from the fine particles by a method such as dissolving the calcium phosphate salt with an acid such as hydrochloric acid and washing with water. To do. It can also be removed by operations such as enzymatic degradation. When a dispersant is used, the dispersant may remain on the surface of the toner particles, but it is preferable from the charged surface of the toner that the dispersant is washed and removed after the elongation and / or crosslinking reaction.

  Furthermore, in order to lower the viscosity of the liquid containing the toner composition, a modified polyester such as urea-modified polyester or a solvent in which the prepolymer (A) is soluble can be used. The use of a solvent is preferable in that the particle size distribution becomes sharp. The solvent is preferably volatile with a boiling point of less than 100 ° C. from the viewpoint of easy removal. Examples of the solvent include toluene, xylene, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, chloroform, monochlorobenzene, dichloroethylidene, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, Methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and the like can be used alone or in combination of two or more. In particular, aromatic solvents such as toluene and xylene and halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride are preferred. The usage-amount of the solvent with respect to 100 parts of prepolymers (A) is 0-300 parts normally, Preferably it is 0-100 parts, More preferably, it is 25-70 parts. When a solvent is used, it is removed by heating under normal pressure or reduced pressure after elongation and / or crosslinking reaction.

  The elongation and / or crosslinking reaction time is selected depending on the reactivity of the prepolymer having active hydrogen such as polyester prepolymer (A) and the combination of the crosslinking agent or amines (B) as the elongation agent. 10 minutes to 40 hours, preferably 2 to 24 hours. The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 150 ° C, preferably 40 to 98 ° C. Moreover, a well-known catalyst can be used as needed. Specific examples include dibutyltin laurate and dioctyltin laurate. In order to remove the organic solvent from the obtained emulsified dispersion (dispersion), a method of gradually elevating the temperature of the entire system and completely removing the organic solvent in the droplets can be employed. Alternatively, the emulsified dispersion can be sprayed into a dry atmosphere to completely remove the water-insoluble organic solvent in the droplets to form toner fine particles, and the aqueous dispersant can be removed by evaporation together. . As a dry atmosphere in which the emulsified dispersion is sprayed, a gas obtained by heating air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide gas, combustion gas, or the like, in particular, various air currents heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the highest boiling solvent used is generally used. Sufficient quality can be obtained with a short treatment such as spray dryer, belt dryer or rotary kiln.

  When the particle size distribution at the time of emulsification dispersion is wide and washing and drying processes are performed while maintaining the particle size distribution, the particle size distribution can be adjusted by classifying into a desired particle size distribution. In the classification operation, the fine particle portion can be removed in the liquid by a cyclone, a decanter, centrifugation, or the like. Of course, the classification operation may be performed after obtaining the powder as a powder after drying. The unnecessary fine particles or coarse particles obtained can be returned to the kneading step and used for the formation of particles. At that time, fine particles or coarse particles may be wet. The dispersant used is preferably removed from the obtained dispersion as much as possible, but it is preferable to carry out it simultaneously with the classification operation described above. By mixing the resulting dried toner powder with dissimilar particles such as release agent fine particles, charge control fine particles, fluidizing agent fine particles, and colorant fine particles, or by giving mechanical impact force to the mixed powder By immobilizing and fusing on the surface, it is possible to prevent detachment of the foreign particles from the surface of the resulting composite particle. Specific means include a method of applying an impact force to the mixture by blades rotating at high speed, a method of injecting and accelerating the mixture in a high-speed air stream, and causing particles or composite particles to collide with an appropriate collision plate, etc. is there. As equipment, Ong mill (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd.), I-type mill (manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Co., Ltd.) has been modified to reduce the pulverization air pressure, hybridization system (manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), kryptron System (manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.), automatic mortar, etc.

(Carrier for two components)
When the toner of the present invention is used for a two-component developer, it may be used by mixing with a magnetic carrier. The carrier to toner content ratio in the developer is 1 to 10 weights of toner with respect to 100 parts by weight of carrier. Part is preferred. As the magnetic carrier, conventionally known ones such as iron powder, ferrite powder, magnetite powder, magnetic resin carrier having a particle diameter of about 20 to 200 μm can be used. Examples of the coating material include amino resins such as urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, benzoguanamine resin, urea resin, polyamide resin, and epoxy resin. Polyvinyl and polyvinylidene resins such as acrylic resins, polymethyl methacrylate resins, polyacrylonitrile resins, polyvinyl acetate resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, polyvinyl butyral resins, polystyrene resins and styrene acrylic copolymer resins, Halogenated olefin resins such as vinyl, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate resin and polybutylene terephthalate resin, polycarbonate resins, polyethylene resins, polyvinyl fluoride resins, polyvinylidene fluoride resins, polytrifluoroethylene resins, polyhexafluoro Propylene resin, copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and acrylic monomer, copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride And fluoro such as terpolymers of non-fluoride monomers including, and silicone resins. Moreover, you may contain electrically conductive powder etc. in coating resin as needed. As the conductive powder, metal powder, carbon black, titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide or the like can be used. These conductive powders preferably have an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less. When the average particle diameter is larger than 1 μm, it becomes difficult to control electric resistance. The toner of the present invention can also be used as a one-component magnetic toner that does not use a carrier or a non-magnetic toner.

  EXAMPLES The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Hereinafter, a part shows a weight part.

(Synthesis of organic fine particle emulsion)
Production Example 1
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, 683 parts of water, 11 parts of sodium salt of ethylene oxide methacrylate adduct sulfate (Eleminol RS-30: manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries), 138 parts of styrene, 138 parts of methacrylic acid, When 1 part of ammonium persulfate was charged and stirred at 400 rpm for 15 minutes, a white emulsion was obtained. The system was heated to raise the system temperature to 75 ° C. and reacted for 5 hours. Further, 30 parts of a 1% ammonium persulfate aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was aged at 75 ° C. for 5 hours, and an aqueous dispersion of a vinyl resin (styrene-methacrylic acid-methacrylic acid etherene oxide adduct sulfate sodium salt copolymer) [ A fine particle dispersion 1] was obtained. The volume average particle diameter of the [fine particle dispersion 1] measured by LA-920 was 0.14 μm. A portion of [Fine Particle Dispersion 1] was dried to isolate the resin component. The resin content Tg was 152 ° C.

(Preparation of aqueous phase)
Production Example 2
990 parts of water, 80 parts of [fine particle dispersion 1], 40 parts of 48.5% aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate (Eleminol MON-7: manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries) and 90 parts of ethyl acetate are mixed and stirred. A milky white liquid was obtained. This is designated as [Aqueous Phase 1].

(Synthesis of low molecular weight polyester)
Production Example 3
In a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser, stirrer and nitrogen inlet tube, 220 parts of bisphenol A ethylene oxide 2-mole adduct, 561 parts of bisphenol A propylene oxide 3-mole adduct, 218 parts of terephthalic acid, 48 parts of adipic acid and dibutyltin Add 2 parts of oxide, react for 8 hours at 230 ° C. under normal pressure, and further react for 5 hours under reduced pressure of 10-15 mmHg, then add 45 parts of trimellitic anhydride into the reaction vessel, and leave for 2 hours at 180 ° C. under normal pressure. The reaction yielded [low molecular weight polyester 1]. [Low molecular polyester 1] had a number average molecular weight of 2500, a weight average molecular weight of 6700, Tg of 43 ° C., and an acid value of 25.

(Prepolymer synthesis)
Production Example 4
In a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser, a stirrer and a nitrogen introduction pipe, 682 parts of bisphenol A ethylene oxide 2-mole adduct, 81 parts of bisphenol A propylene oxide 2-mole adduct, 283 parts of terephthalic acid, 22 parts of trimellitic anhydride and 2 parts of dibutyltin oxide was added, reacted at 230 ° C. under normal pressure for 8 hours, and further reacted for 5 hours at a reduced pressure of 10 to 15 mmHg to obtain [Intermediate Polyester 1]. [Intermediate Polyester 1] had a number average molecular weight of 2,100, a weight average molecular weight of 9,500, Tg of 55 ° C., an acid value of 0.5, and a hydroxyl value of 49. Next, 411 parts of [Intermediate polyester 1], 89 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and 500 parts of ethyl acetate are placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer and a nitrogen introduction tube, and reacted at 100 ° C. for 5 hours. 1] was obtained. [Prepolymer 1] had a free isocyanate weight% of 1.53%.

(Synthesis of ketimine)
Production Example 5
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, 170 parts of isophoronediamine and 75 parts of methyl ethyl ketone were charged and reacted at 50 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain [ketimine compound 1]. The amine value of [ketimine compound 1] was 418.

(Synthesis of master batch)
Production Example 6
Pigment carbon black (Cabot Corporation Legal 400R) 40 parts Binder resin: Polyester resin (Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd. RS-801 Acid value 10, Mw 20000 Tg, 64 ° C.) 60 parts Water 30 parts A mixture soaked with water in the aggregate was obtained. This was kneaded for 45 minutes with two rolls set at a roll surface temperature of 130 ° C., and pulverized to a size of 1 mmφ with a pulverizer to obtain [Masterbatch 1]. Next, using this master batch pigment, a toner was prepared by the following method.

(Create oil phase)
Production Example 7
In a container equipped with a stir bar and a thermometer, 378 parts of [Low molecular weight polyester 1], 110 parts of Carnauba WAX, 22 parts of CCA (salicylic acid metal complex E-84: Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.), 947 parts of ethyl acetate and 80 parts of stirring are added. The temperature was raised to 0 ° C., kept at 80 ° C. for 5 hours, and then cooled to 30 ° C. in 1 hour. Next, 500 parts of [Masterbatch 1] and 500 parts of ethyl acetate were charged in a container and mixed for 1 hour to obtain [Raw material solution 1]. [Raw material solution 1] 1324 parts are transferred to a container, and using a bead mill (Ultra Visco Mill, manufactured by Imex Co., Ltd.), a liquid feeding speed of 1 kg / hr, a disk peripheral speed of 6 m / sec, and 0.5 mm zirconia beads are 80% by volume. Carbon black and WAX were dispersed under conditions of filling and 3 passes. Next, 1324 parts of a 65% ethyl acetate solution of [low molecular weight polyester 1] was added, followed by one pass with a bead mill under the above conditions to obtain [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1]. The solid content concentration of [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1] (130 ° C., 30 minutes) was 50%.

(Emulsification ⇒ Solvent removal)
Example 1
[Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1] 648 parts, [Prepolymer 1] 154 parts, [Ketimine Compound 1] 6.6 parts in a container, and TK homomixer (made by Tokushu Kika) at 5,000 rpm for 1 minute After mixing, 1200 parts of [Aqueous phase 1] was added to the container, and mixed with a TK homomixer at 13,000 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain [Emulsion slurry 1]. [Emulsion slurry 1] was put into a container equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and after removing the solvent for 8 hours at 30 ° C., aging was performed at 45 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain [Dispersion slurry 1]. [Dispersion Slurry 1] had a volume average particle size of 5.95 μm and a number average particle size of 5.45 μm (measured with Multisizer II).

(Washing ⇒ drying)
[Emulsified slurry 1]
After filtering 100 parts under reduced pressure,

  (1): 100 parts of ion-exchanged water was added to the filter cake, mixed with a TK homomixer (10 minutes at 12,000 rpm), and then filtered.

  (2): 100 parts of 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the filter cake of (1), ultrasonic vibration was applied and mixed with a TK homomixer (30 minutes at 12,000 rpm), and then filtered under reduced pressure. . This ultrasonic alkali cleaning was performed again (two ultrasonic alkali cleanings).

  (3): 100 parts of 10% hydrochloric acid was added to the filter cake of (2), mixed with a TK homomixer (rotation speed: 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes), and then filtered.

  (4): Add 300 parts of ion-exchanged water to the filter cake of (3), mix with a TK homomixer (10 minutes at 12,000 rpm) and then filter twice to obtain [Filter cake 1]. It was. [Filter cake 1] was dried at 45 ° C. for 48 hours in a circulating drier, sieved with a mesh opening of 75 μm, volume average particle diameter Dv 6.03 μm, number average particle diameter Dn 5.52 μm, Dv / Dn 1.09 (multiple [Toner 1] having a resin fine particle residual ratio of 0.1 wt% was obtained.

Example 2
A volume average particle diameter Dv6.07 μm, a number average particle diameter Dn5.50 μm, Dv / Dn1.10, and a resin fine particle residual ratio 0 except that the ultrasonic alkaline cleaning in Example 1 was performed once. 5 wt% of [Toner 2] was obtained.

Example 3
A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 22 parts of CCA was not added when the oil phase was prepared in Example 1. To 100 parts of this toner, 0.5 part of CCA (salicylic acid metal complex E-84: Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added and subjected to CCA injection treatment with a Q mixer (manufactured by Mitsui Mine), and the volume average particle diameter Dv was 5.80 μm. [Toner 3] having an average particle diameter Dn of 5.17 μm, Dv / Dn of 1.12 and a resin fine particle residual ratio of 0.2 wt% was obtained.

(Synthesis of low molecular weight polyester)
Production Example 8
In a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser, a stirrer and a nitrogen introduction tube, 262 parts of bisphenol A ethylene oxide 2-mole adduct, 202 parts of bisphenol A propylene oxide 2-mole adduct, 236 parts of bisphenol A propylene oxide 3-mole adduct, terephthalate 266 parts of acid, 48 parts of adipic acid and 2 parts of dibutyltin oxide were reacted for 8 hours at 230 ° C. under normal pressure, and further reacted for 5 hours at a reduced pressure of 10 to 15 mmHg. Then, 34 parts of trimellitic anhydride was added to the reaction vessel. And reacted at 180 ° C. and normal pressure for 2 hours to obtain [Low molecular weight polyester 2]. [Low molecular polyester 2] had a number average molecular weight of 2390, a weight average molecular weight of 6010, Tg of 62 ° C., and an acid value of 20.7.

(Create oil phase)
Production Example 9
A container equipped with a stir bar and a thermometer was charged with 378 parts of [Low molecular weight polyester 2], 110 parts of Carnauba WAX, 22 parts of CCA (salicylic acid metal complex E-84: Orient Chemical Industry), and 947 parts of ethyl acetate. The temperature was raised to 0 ° C., kept at 80 ° C. for 5 hours, and then cooled to 30 ° C. over 1 hour. Next, 500 parts of [Masterbatch 1] and 500 parts of ethyl acetate were added to the container, and mixed for 1 hour to obtain [Raw material solution 2]. [Raw material solution 2] 1324 parts are transferred to a container, and using a bead mill (Ultra Visco Mill, manufactured by Imex Co., Ltd.), a liquid feeding speed of 1 kg / hr, a disk peripheral speed of 6 m / sec, and 0.5 mm zirconia beads are 80% by volume. Carbon black and WAX were dispersed under conditions of filling and 3 passes. Next, 1324 parts of a 65% ethyl acetate solution of [low molecular weight polyester 2] was added, followed by one pass with a bead mill under the above conditions to obtain [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 2]. The solid content concentration of [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 2] (130 ° C., 30 minutes) was 52%.

Example 4
The volume average was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1] was used instead of [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1] in Example 1, and ultrasonic washing was not applied twice, and the alkali was washed twice. [Toner 4] having a particle diameter Dv of 6.30 μm, a number average particle diameter Dn of 5.68 μm, Dv / Dn of 1.11, and a resin fine particle residual ratio of 1.4 wt% was obtained.

Example 5
The volume average particle diameter Dv is 6.42 μm, the number average particle diameter Dn is 5.44 μm, Dv / Dn 1.18, and the resin fine particles remain except that the ultrasonic wave in Example 4 is not applied and the alkali cleaning is performed once. [Toner 5] having a rate of 2.5 wt% was obtained.

(Synthesis of low molecular weight polyester)
Production Example 10
Into a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser, a stirrer, and a nitrogen inlet tube, 719 parts of bisphenol A propylene oxide 2-mol adduct, 274 parts of terephthalic acid, 48 parts of adipic acid and 2 parts of dibutyltin oxide were placed at 230 ° C. at normal pressure. The reaction was continued for 5 hours at a reduced pressure of 10 to 15 mmHg, and then 7 parts of trimellitic anhydride was added to the reaction vessel and reacted at 180 ° C. and normal pressure for 2 hours to obtain [low molecular weight polyester 3]. Obtained. [Low molecular polyester 3] had a number average molecular weight of 2290, a weight average molecular weight of 5750, a Tg of 65 ° C., and an acid value of 4.9.

(Create oil phase)
Production Example 11
In a container equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, 378 parts of [Low molecular weight polyester 3], 110 parts of Carnauba WAX, 22 parts of CCA (salicylic acid metal complex E-84: Orient Chemical Industry), and 947 parts of ethyl acetate were charged with stirring. The temperature was raised to 0 ° C., kept at 80 ° C. for 5 hours, and then cooled to 30 ° C. over 1 hour. Next, 500 parts of [Masterbatch 1] and 500 parts of ethyl acetate were added to the container and mixed for 1 hour to obtain [Raw material solution 3]. [Raw Material Solution 3] 1324 parts were transferred to a container, and using a bead mill (Ultra Visco Mill, manufactured by Imex Co., Ltd.), liquid feeding speed 1 kg / hr, disk peripheral speed 6 m / sec, 0.5 mm zirconia beads 80% by volume. Carbon black and WAX were dispersed under conditions of filling and 3 passes. Next, 1324 parts of a 65% ethyl acetate solution of [low molecular weight polyester 3] was added, followed by one pass with a bead mill under the above conditions to obtain [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 3]. The solid content concentration of [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 3] (130 ° C., 30 minutes) was 49%.

Example 6
Volume average was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 3] was used instead of [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1] in Example 1, and ultrasonic washing was not applied, and alkali washing was performed 4 times. [Toner 6] having a particle diameter Dv 7.05 μm, a number average particle diameter Dn 5.64 μm, Dv / Dn 1.25, and a resin fine particle residual ratio 1.5 wt% was obtained.

Example 7
Volume average was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 3] was used instead of [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1] in Example 1, and ultrasonic washing was not applied twice and alkali washing was performed twice. [Toner 7] having a particle diameter Dv 7.05 μm, a number average particle diameter Dn 5.64 μm, Dv / Dn 1.25, and a resin fine particle residual ratio 2.2 wt% was obtained.

(Synthesis of low molecular weight polyester)
Production Example 12
In a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer and a nitrogen introduction tube, 121 parts of bisphenol A ethylene oxide 2 mol adduct, 64 parts of bisphenol A propylene oxide 2 mol adduct, 527 parts of bisphenol A propylene oxide 3 mol adduct, terephthalate 246 parts of acid, 48 parts of adipic acid and 2 parts of dibutyltin oxide were reacted at ordinary pressure of 230 ° C. for 8 hours, and further reacted at a reduced pressure of 10 to 15 mmHg for 5 hours. Then, 42 parts of trimellitic anhydride was added to the reaction vessel. And reacted at 180 ° C. and normal pressure for 2 hours to obtain [Low molecular weight polyester 4]. [Low molecular polyester 4] had a number average molecular weight of 2500, a weight average molecular weight of 6190, Tg of 48 ° C., and an acid value of 25.2.

(Create oil phase)
Production Example 11
A container equipped with a stir bar and a thermometer was charged with 378 parts of [Low molecular weight polyester 4], 110 parts of Carnauba WAX, 22 parts of CCA (salicylic acid metal complex E-84: Orient Chemical Industry), and 947 parts of ethyl acetate. The temperature was raised to 0 ° C., kept at 80 ° C. for 5 hours, and then cooled to 30 ° C. over 1 hour. Next, 500 parts of [Masterbatch 1] and 500 parts of ethyl acetate were charged in a container and mixed for 1 hour to obtain [Raw material solution 4]. [Raw Material Solution 4] 1324 parts were transferred to a container, and using a bead mill (Ultra Visco Mill, manufactured by Imex Co., Ltd.), liquid feeding speed 1 kg / hr, disk peripheral speed 6 m / sec, 0.5 mm zirconia beads 80% by volume. Carbon black and WAX were dispersed under conditions of filling and 3 passes. Next, 1324 parts of a 65% ethyl acetate solution of [low molecular weight polyester 4] was added, followed by one pass with a bead mill under the above conditions to obtain [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 4]. The solid content concentration of [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 4] (130 ° C., 30 minutes) was 49%.

Example 8
The volume average particle diameter Dv is 4.80 μm and the number average particle diameter Dn4. Is the same as in Example 1 except that [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 4] is used instead of [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1] in Example 1. [Toner 8] having 00 μm, Dv / Dn 1.20, and resin fine particle residual ratio of 0.3 wt% was obtained.

Example 9
The volume average particle diameter was the same as in Example 9, except that [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 4] was used instead of [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1] in Example 1, and ultrasonic cleaning was performed once. [Toner 9] having a Dv of 5.11 μm, a number average particle diameter of Dn of 4.22 μm, a Dv / Dn of 1.21, and a resin fine particle residual ratio of 0.8 wt% was obtained.

Comparative Example 1
After adding 451 g of 0.1M-Na ₃ PO ₄ aqueous solution to 709 g of ion-exchanged water and heating to 60 ° C., the mixture was stirred at 12,000 rpm using a TK homomixer. To this, 68 g of 1.0 M CaCl ₂ aqueous solution was gradually added to obtain an aqueous medium containing Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ . 170 g of styrene, 30 g of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 10 g of Regal 400R, 60 g of paraffin wax (sp. 70 ° C.), 5 g of metal compound of di-tert-butylsalicylate, styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer (Mw 50,000, acid value) 10 mg of 20 mg KOH / g) was put into a TK homomixer, heated to 60 ° C., and uniformly dissolved and dispersed at 12,000 rpm. In this, 10 g of a polymerization initiator, 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), was dissolved to prepare a polymerizable monomer system. The polymerizable monomer system was put into the aqueous medium and stirred at 10,000 rpm for 20 minutes in a TK homomixer at 60 ° C. in an N 2 atmosphere to granulate the polymerizable monomer system. Then, after making it react with a paddle stirring blade for 3 hours at 60 degreeC, liquid temperature was made 80 degreeC and it was made to react for 10 hours. After completion of the polymerization reaction, the mixture was cooled, and hydrochloric acid was added to dissolve calcium phosphate, followed by filtration, washing with water, and drying to obtain a toner having a volume average particle size Dv of 6.30 μm, a number average particle size of Dn 5.65 μm, and Dv / Dn 1.12. 10].

Comparative Example 2
(Preparation of aqueous dispersion of wax particles) 28.5 g of New Coal 565C (manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.) in 500 ml of distilled water deaerated in a 4-head Kolben equipped with a 1000 ml stirrer, temperature sensor, nitrogen introduction tube and cooling tube Wax No. 1 (manufactured by Noda Wax Co., Ltd.) 185.5 g was added and the temperature was raised while stirring under a nitrogen stream. When the internal temperature was 85 ° C., a 5N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added and the temperature was raised to 75 ° C. as it was, followed by continuing heating and stirring as it was for 1 hour and cooling to room temperature to obtain [Wax Particle Aqueous Dispersion 1].

(Preparation of aqueous colorant dispersion)
After adding 100 g of carbon black (trade name: Mogal L, manufactured by Cabot Corporation) and 25 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate to 540 ml of distilled water and sufficiently stirring, a pressure disperser (MINI-LAB: manufactured by Lani Corporation) was used. Dispersion was performed to obtain [Colorant Dispersion Liquid I].

(Synthesis of aqueous binder fine particle dispersion)
A 1 L 4-head Kolben equipped with a stirrer, cooling tube, temperature sensor and nitrogen inlet tube is 480 ml of distilled water, 0.6 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 106.4 g of styrene, 43.2 g of n-butyl acrylate, 10.4 g of methacrylic acid. The mixture was heated to 70 ° C. under a nitrogen stream while stirring. Here, an initiator aqueous solution in which 2.1 g of potassium persulfate was dissolved in 120 ml of distilled water was added, and the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen stream to complete the polymerization, and then cooled to room temperature. A fine particle dispersion 1] was obtained. A 5 L 4-head Kolben equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a temperature sensor and a nitrogen inlet tube was used in 2400 ml of distilled water, 2.8 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 620 g of styrene, 128 g of n-butyl acrylate, 52 g of methacrylic acid and tert-dodecyl mercaptan 27 The temperature was raised to 70 ° C. under a nitrogen stream while adding 4 g and stirring. Here, an initiator aqueous solution in which 11.2 g of potassium persulfate was dissolved in 600 ml of distilled water was added, and the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen stream to complete the polymerization, and then cooled to room temperature. A fine particle dispersion 2] was obtained.

(Toner synthesis)
In a 1 L separable flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, and a temperature sensor, 47.6 g of [High molecular weight binder fine particle dispersion 1], 190.5 g of [Low molecular weight binder fine particle dispersion 2], [Wax particle aqueous dispersion 1] 7.7 g, [Colorant Dispersion I] 26.7 g and 252.5 ml of distilled water were added and mixed and stirred, and then adjusted to pH = 9.5 using a 5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Further, with stirring, a surfactant in which 50 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 600 ml of distilled water, 77 ml of isopropanol, and Fluorard FC-170C (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M: fluorinated nonionic surfactant) 10 mg in 10 ml of distilled water. Aqueous solutions were sequentially added, the internal temperature was raised to 85 ° C., the reaction was performed for 6 hours, and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction solution was adjusted to pH = 13 using 5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, filtered, resuspended in distilled water, filtered and resuspended repeatedly, washed, dried and [Toner 11] having an average particle diameter Dv of 6.52 μm, a number average particle diameter Dn of 5.31 μm and Dv / Dn of 1.23 was obtained.

Comparative Example 3
(Preparation of pigment dispersion)
A resin container was charged with 0.9 parts by weight of sodium n-dodecyl sulfate and 10 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water, and stirred to prepare an aqueous solution of sodium n-dodecyl sulfate. While stirring this aqueous solution, 1.2 parts by weight of carbon black: Legal 400R (manufactured by Cabot) was gradually added. After the addition, the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, and then a carbon black dispersion treatment was continuously performed for 20 hours using a sand grinder to obtain [Pigment dispersion (C-1)].

(Preparation of aqueous solution of surfactant)
By adding 0.055 part by weight of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 4 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water to a stainless steel pot and stirring the system at room temperature [Preparation Example (S-1) ] Was obtained. Further, 0.014 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant “New Coal 565C” (manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.) and 4 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water are charged in a stainless steel pot, and this system is stirred at room temperature, Preparation Example (S-2)] was obtained. Furthermore, 1 part by weight of a nonionic surfactant “FC-170C” (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M) and 1000 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water were charged into a glass beaker, and this system was stirred at room temperature to prepare [Preparation Example] (S-3)] was obtained.

(Preparation of aqueous solution of polymerization initiator)
By charging 200.7 parts by weight of potassium persulfate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a polymerization initiator and 12000 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water in a enamel pot and stirring this system at room temperature, [Preparation Example (P- 1)] was obtained. Further, 223.8 parts by weight of potassium persulfate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a polymerization initiator, and 12,000 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water were charged into a enamel pot, and this system was stirred at room temperature to obtain [Preparation Example ( P-2)].

(Preparation of aqueous solution of sodium chloride)
A salting-out agent of sodium chloride (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 5.36 parts by weight and ion-exchanged water 20 parts by weight were charged in a stainless steel pot, and this system was stirred at room temperature to obtain a [sodium chloride solution (N )].

(Manufacture of toner particles)
A reaction vessel having an internal volume of 100 L, which is provided with a temperature sensor, a cooling pipe, a nitrogen introducing device, and a stirring blade, and whose inner surface is subjected to glass lining treatment, is prepared in 4 L of [Preparation Example (S-1)] and [Preparation Example (S- 2)] 4 L was charged, and 44 L of ion-exchanged water was added while stirring the system at room temperature, and the system was heated. When the temperature of the system reached 70 ° C., [Preparation Example (P-1)] 12 L was added, and while controlling the temperature of the system at 72 ° C. ± 1 ° C., 12.1 kg of styrene and n-butyl acrylate 2 A monomer mixture (I) consisting of .88 kg, 1.04 kg of methacrylic acid and 9.02 g of t-dodecyl mercaptan was added, and stirring was performed for 6 hours while controlling the temperature of this system at 80 ° C. ± 1 ° C. It was. After cooling until the temperature of the system was 40 ° C. or lower, 4 L of [Preparation Example (S-1)] and 4 L of [Preparation Example (S-2)] were added to this system, and this system was heated. . When the temperature of the system reached 70 ° C. [Preparation Example (P-2)] 12 L was added, and further from 11 kg of styrene, 4 kg of n-butyl acrylate, 1.04 kg of methacrylic acid, and 548 g of t-dodecyl mercaptan. The monomer mixture (II) is added and stirred for 6 hours while controlling the temperature of the system at 75 ° C. ± 2 ° C., and further, 12% while controlling the temperature of the system at 80 ° C. ± 2 ° C. Stirring was performed over time. Stirring was stopped by cooling until the temperature of the system was 40 ° C or lower. A dispersion (composite latex (1-A)) of composite resin fine particles (A) having a high molecular weight resin as a core and a low molecular weight resin as a shell was obtained by removing the scale (foreign matter) by filtration using a pole filter. . The peak molecular weight of the high molecular weight resin (core) of the composite resin fine particles (A) is 29,000, the peak molecular weight of the low molecular weight resin (shell) is 12,000, and the weight average molecular weight of the composite resin fine particles (A) is 34,000. Met. The composite resin fine particles (A) had a weight average particle diameter of 150 nm, a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 58 ° C., and a softening point of 121 ° C.

  A reaction vessel having an internal volume of 100 L, equipped with a temperature sensor, a cooling pipe, a nitrogen introducing device, a comb-shaped baffle and a stirring blade (Faudler blade) and having an inner surface subjected to glass lining treatment, [Preparation Example (S-1)] 4 L and [Preparation Example (S-2)] was charged, and 44 L of ion-exchanged water was added while the system was stirred at room temperature, and the system was heated. When the temperature of the system reached 70 ° C., [Preparation Example (P-1)] 12 L was added, and further 11 kg of styrene, 4 kg of n-butyl acrylate, 1.04 kg of methacrylic acid, and 9.02 g of t-dodecyl mercaptan. A monomer mixture consisting of the following was added, stirred for 6 hours while controlling the temperature of the system at 72 ° C. ± 2 ° C., and further for 12 hours while controlling the temperature of the system at 80 ° C. ± 2 ° C. Stirring was performed over a period of time. Stirring was stopped by cooling until the temperature of the system was 40 ° C or lower. The scale (foreign matter) was removed by filtration using a pole filter to obtain a dispersion of resin fine particles (B) [latex (1-B)]. The resin fine particles (B) constituting the latex (1-B) had a peak molecular weight of 310,000 and a weight average molecular weight of 190,000. The resin fine particles (B) had a weight average particle diameter of 138 nm, a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 58 ° C., and a softening point of 126 ° C.

  In a 100 L stainless steel reaction kettle equipped with a temperature sensor, cooling pipe, nitrogen introducing device, comb baffle and stirring blade (anchor blade), 20 kg of [complex latex (1-A)] and [pigment dispersion ( C-1)] 0.4 kg and ion-exchanged water 20 kg were charged, and the system was stirred at room temperature. The temperature of the system is heated to 40 ° C., 20 L of a sodium chloride solution (N), 6 kg of isopropyl alcohol (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.), 1 wt. Of a nonionic surfactant “FC-170C” (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M) Part and 1000 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water were charged into a glass beaker, and this system was stirred at room temperature to obtain [Preparation Example (S-3)]. [Preparation Example (S-3)] 1 L was added in this order. The system was allowed to stand for 10 minutes and then heated, heated to 85 ° C. over 60 minutes, and stirred at 85 ° C. ± 2 ° C. for 1 hour, whereby composite resin fine particles (A) and colorant fine particles Was salted out / fused to form colored particles (core particles). Next, under a temperature condition of 85 ° C. ± 2 ° C., 5.2 kg of [Latex (1-B)] and a wax emulsion (a polypropylene emulsion having a number average molecular weight of 3,000, a number average primary particle size: 120 nm, a solid content concentration : 29.9 wt%) and 3.41 kg were added, and the mixture was further stirred at 85 ° C. ± 2 ° C. for 4.0 hours, whereby resin fine particles (B) and The polypropylene microparticles were deposited by salting out / fusion. After cooling until the temperature of the system reached 40 ° C. or less and stirring was stopped, aggregates were removed by filtration with a filter having an opening of 45 μm to obtain a dispersion of toner particles. The dispersion was then filtered under reduced pressure to obtain a wet cake (aggregate of toner particles), which was washed with ion-exchanged water. The washed wet cake was taken out from Nutsche and dried for 100 hours with a blow dryer at 40 ° C. to obtain an aggregate of block-like toner particles. Subsequently, this aggregate was pulverized with a Henschel pulverizer to obtain [Toner 12] having a volume average particle diameter Dv of 6.40 μm, a number average particle diameter of Dn of 5.30 μm, and Dv / Dn of 1.21.

Comparative Example 4
One part of polyvinyl alcohol ("PVA-235", manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 100 parts of water. This is designated as [Aqueous Phase 2]. In Example 1, [Toner 13] was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that [Water phase 2] was used instead of [Water phase 1].

Comparative Example 5
The volume average particle diameter Dv6.21 μm, the number average particle diameter Dn5.30 μm, Dv / Dn1.17, the resin fine particle residual ratio 3 except that the number of ultrasonic alkaline washings in Example 1 was 0. 5 wt% of [Toner 14] was obtained.

  To 100 parts of each toner obtained above, 0.7 part of hydrophobic silica and 0.3 part of hydrophobic titanium oxide were mixed with a Henschel mixer. The obtained toner physical property values are shown in Table 1. A developer composed of 5% by weight of toner subjected to external additive treatment and 95% by weight of a copper-zinc ferrite carrier coated with a silicone resin and having an average particle diameter of 40 μm can be prepared, and 45 sheets of A4 size paper can be printed per minute. Using Ricoh's imgio Neo 450, continuous printing was performed and evaluated according to the following criteria.

  (Evaluation item)

  (A) Particle size The particle size of the toner was measured with a particle size measuring device “Coulter Counter TAII” manufactured by Coulter Electronics Co., Ltd., with an aperture diameter of 100 μm. The volume average particle diameter and the number average particle diameter were determined by the particle size measuring instrument.

  (B) Charge amount 6 g of developer is weighed, charged into a metal cylinder that can be sealed, and blown to obtain the charge amount. The toner concentration is adjusted to 4.5 to 5.5 wt%.

(C) Fixing image Using a RICOH Imagio Neo 450 made of Ricoh, a solid image and a solid image on a transfer paper (Ricoh type 6200 and NBS Ricoh copy printing paper <135>), 1.0 ± 0.1 mg / Adjustment was made so that the toner of cm ² was developed, and adjustment was made so that the temperature of the fixing belt was variable, and the temperature at which no offset occurred on plain paper and the lower limit fixing temperature on thick paper were measured. The lower limit fixing temperature was determined as the fixing lower limit temperature at the fixing roll temperature at which the residual ratio of the image density after rubbing the obtained fixed image with a pad was 70% or more.

  (D) Circularity can be measured as an average circularity by a flow type particle image analyzer FPIA-1000 (manufactured by Toa Medical Electronics Co., Ltd.). As a specific measuring method, 0.1 to 0.5 ml of a surfactant, preferably alkylbenzene sulfonate is added as a dispersant to 100 to 150 ml of water from which impure solids have been removed in advance, and further measurement is performed. Add about 0.1-0.5g of sample. The suspension in which the sample is dispersed is obtained by performing dispersion treatment for about 1 to 3 minutes with an ultrasonic disperser and measuring the shape and distribution of the toner with the above apparatus at a dispersion concentration of 3000 to 10,000 / μl. .

  (E) Method for Measuring Residual Fine Particle Residue Rate Using styrene monomer, which is a thermal decomposition product of styrene acrylic resin fine particles in the toner, as a fingerprint component, 0.01 wt% styrene acrylic resin fine particles are added to the toner particles under the following conditions. Using a standard addition method of adding 10 wt%, 1.00 wt%, 3.00 wt%, 10.0 wt%, resin fine particles unevenly distributed on the toner surface were calculated and measured by the peak area of the styrene monomer.

Analytical instrument: Pyrolysis gas chromatograph (mass spectrometry) instrument; Shimadzu Corporation QR-5000 Nippon Analytical Industry JHP-3S
Thermal decomposition temperature: 590 ° C. × 12 seconds Column; DB-1 L = 30 m
I. D = 0.25mm
Film = 0.25 μm
Column temperature: 40 ° C. (holding 2 minutes) to (10 ° C./minute temperature increase) 300 ° C.
Vaporization chamber temperature: 300 ° C.

  In each item, an image chart having a 5% image area was continuously run up to 50000 sheets, and the evaluation described below was performed.

  (F) Image density After outputting a solid image, the image density was measured by X-Rite (manufactured by X-Rite). This was measured at five points for each color alone, and the average was obtained for each color.

  (G) The background-stained blank paper image is stopped during development, the developer on the photoconductor after development is transferred to tape, and the difference from the image density of the untransferred tape is measured by 938 Spectrodensitometer (manufactured by X-Rite) )

  (H) Cleaning property The transfer residual toner on the photosensitive member that has passed through the cleaning process is transferred to a white paper with a scotch tape (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.) and measured with a Macbeth reflection densitometer RD514. Those with 0.01 or less were evaluated as ◯ (good), and those exceeding it were evaluated as x (bad).

(I) Filming The presence or absence of toner filming on the developing roller or the photoreceptor was observed. ○ indicates no filming, Δ indicates filming on streaks, and × indicates filming as a whole.

  The toners 10 and 14 could not be continuously printed due to poor fixing, and the evaluation was stopped. For toners 11 and 12, a very small amount of fixing failure occurred, but after 10,000 sheets, continuous printing could not be performed due to deterioration of background contamination due to a decrease in charge, and evaluation was stopped. Since the particle size of the toner 13 could not be controlled and the scum was bad from the beginning, the evaluation was stopped.

Claims (11)

An aqueous medium containing resin fine particles capable of forming an aqueous dispersion of a solution or dispersion formed by dissolving or dispersing a toner composition containing a toner binder comprising a modified polyester resin capable of reacting with active hydrogen in an organic solvent In the toner obtained by reacting with a cross-linking agent and / or an extender, removing the solvent from the obtained dispersion, and washing and removing the resin fine particles adhering to the toner surface, a pyrolysis gas chromatograph ( A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, wherein a residual ratio of the resin fine particles remaining on the toner particle surface measured by a mass spectrometer is 2.5 wt% or less with respect to the toner particles;
A container for storing toner;
And a toner container containing toner.   The toner binder contains an unmodified polyester resin together with the modified polyester resin, and the weight ratio of the modified polyester resin to the unmodified polyester resin is 5/95 to 80/20. The toner container with toner according to claim 1.   3. The toner-containing toner container according to claim 1, wherein the toner binder has an acid value of 1 to 30 mg KOH / g. 4.   4. The toner container according to claim 1, wherein the toner binder has a glass transition point (Tg) of 50 to 70 ° C. 5.   5. The toner-containing toner according to claim 1, wherein the resin fine particles are made of at least one resin selected from vinyl resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, and polyester resins. container.   The toner-containing toner container according to claim 1, wherein the resin fine particles have an average particle diameter of 5 to 2000 nm.   The toner container according to claim 1, wherein the toner particles have a volume average particle diameter of 4 to 8 μm.   8. The toner-containing toner container according to claim 1, wherein Dv / Dn of the toner particles is 1.25 or less.   The toner-containing toner container according to claim 1, wherein the toner particles have an average circularity of 0.96 to 0.94.   The toner-containing toner container according to claim 1, wherein the step of removing the solvent from the dispersion is performed under reduced pressure and / or heating conditions.    The toner-containing toner container according to claim 1, wherein the step of removing the solvent from the dispersion is performed by filtration.