JP3810593B2 - Biomass carbonization apparatus and carbonization method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method for carbonizing combustible waste, in particular, biomass such as forested forests, straw, paper waste, and the like, and in particular, carbonizing the biomass to reuse or inactivate dioxins, etc. The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method for biomass which are suitable for carbonization of mountainous forests, agricultural land, villages, and other irregularly discharged waste discharged and accumulated in drainage canals and drainage stations. Moreover, this invention can be utilized also for carbonization of organic wastes, such as livestock droppings and a drainage machine deposit.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As for waste treatment, technology to replace incineration has been sought due to the problem of dioxins, and in large-scale treatment facilities in cities, gasification by partial combustion and high-temperature thermal decomposition by melting combustion are becoming mainstream.
[0003]
However, in a small processing apparatus, full gasification by partial combustion is difficult to apply on a facility scale. In particular, spilled garbage collected in drainage canals and drainage stations in rural villages, felled products, straws and stems and other biomass during harvesting are generated and transported irregularly and in large quantities during rainfall and harvesting operations. However, the processing amount is usually small. Therefore, it is not realistic to maintain a large-scale continuous treatment facility for waste treatment in such areas.
[0004]
On the other hand, in recent years, carbonization has attracted attention as a reusable form of combustible waste, and is used as a water purification material, a soil improvement material and the like in addition to solid fuel. Furthermore, unlike carbon, carbonized materials are easy to stock. Carbonization does not require as much energy and facilities as gasification, and is suitable for small processing and batch processing. The effect can also be expected for use in the rural village.
[0005]
Conventionally, charcoal has been used effectively as a resource for recycling thinned wood, waste wood, etc., but it is rare that biomass as a raw material can be obtained in a pure state due to modern lifestyles and modernization of agriculture and forestry. It has become. In particular, when carbonization is considered as a resource recycling method such as spilled waste and village waste, the generation of acid and dioxins generated from contaminants such as rope, mulch, and vinyl sheet pieces cannot be denied. For this reason, the carbonization technique which is mere incomplete incineration cannot be used as it is. Moreover, although animal dung, sludge, etc. were used by fermentation, the use as resources was not progressing.
[0006]
For this reason, application of external heating type carbonization equipment such as rotary kilns from the viewpoint of attaching high temperature treatment facilities such as catalytic cracking equipment, high temperature incinerators and melting furnaces to the carbonization furnace, and airtightening and heat reuse of the carbonization chamber Has been proposed. However, these are originally diverted from the municipal waste treatment method, and a large amount of continuous waste generation must be assumed.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described points, and is a biomass that becomes a combustible waste that is generated in large quantities irregularly on a small scale, for example, organic waste such as plant bodies, livestock dung, bottom mud, sludge, etc. Is a small-scale biomass that can prevent or control the release of dioxin harmful substances and can be used as a safe stockable fuel, water purification material, and soil-improving plant-based charcoal. An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a gas that self-combusts an air stream containing a volatile component discharged from the carbonization chamber at a lower portion of a batch type carbonization chamber that carbonizes biomass by heat generation in the room. A biomass carbonization device with a combustion chamber located in the upper part, with a temperature detection means that detects the gas combustion temperature in the gas combustion chamber, and combustion that supplies combustion air to each of the gas combustion chamber and the batch-type carbonization chamber An air supply means is arranged, and a damper mechanism is provided between the batch-type carbonization chamber and the gas combustion chamber to block an airflow flowing from the carbonization chamber into the gas combustion chamber, and the damper mechanism is controlled by the output of the temperature detection means. characterized by being configured to.
[0009]
By using a batch type carbonization chamber as described above, it is advantageous for carbonization treatment of biomass that occurs irregularly. In addition, since the carbonization apparatus has a two-stage configuration including a carbonization chamber and a gas combustion chamber, it is possible to increase the temperature of the gas combustion chamber in the subsequent stage, which is effective in suppressing discharge of harmful substances such as dioxins. Further, by disposing the gas combustion chamber at the top of the coking chamber at the bottom, the air flow containing a volatile component generated in the carbonization chamber requires no special induction drawing device for directing the gas combustion chamber, and the apparatus compact In addition, since the melt generated in the gas combustion chamber can be recovered under a natural flow, recovery is facilitated. In addition, a damper air supply means for supplying combustion air to each of the gas combustion chamber and the carbonization chamber is disposed, and a damper mechanism that can block an air flow flowing from the carbonization chamber to the gas combustion chamber between the carbonization chamber and the gas combustion chamber. Since the damper mechanism is controlled by the output of the temperature detection means and the air supplied to the carbonization chamber is controlled, carbonization of biomass can be performed efficiently.
[0012]
In addition, the invention according to claim 2 is configured such that in the biomass carbonization apparatus according to claim 1 , a watering device is provided in the carbonization chamber, and the watering device is controlled by the output of the temperature detection means. It is characterized by.
[0013]
As described above, the sprinkler is controlled by the output of the temperature detecting means provided in the gas combustion chamber, and watering is performed, so that the temperature of the carbonization chamber after the volatile components are eliminated can be effectively reduced. Carbonization can be performed more efficiently.
[0014]
The invention according to claim 3 includes a carbonization step for carbonizing biomass in a batch-type carbonization chamber, and a gas combustion step for self-combusting an air stream containing volatile components discharged from the carbonization step to the gas combustion chamber. A method of carbonizing biomass having a gas combustion process at a temperature raised to a predetermined value, and once the temperature of the gas combustion process can no longer maintain the predetermined temperature, the gas is discharged from a batch-type carbonization chamber. While blocking the airflow which leads to a combustion chamber, the combustion air in a carbonization process is reduced or interrupted, or the combustion temperature of the said carbonization process is lowered, and biomass carbonization is performed.
[0015]
It is desirable to separate and pretreat the carbonized raw material prior to the carbonization step in the carbonization furnace. For example, taking the pretreatment of waste accumulated in a drainage station as an example, first, separation of carbide raw materials and non-carbide raw materials, and then separation of organic wastes such as biomass and sediment. The biomass can be made uniform in size by crushing or the like. Moreover, about organic waste, after shaping | molding, it can use for carbonization. Specifically, the organic matter may be stored in a rack or the like and placed in a carbonization furnace. Biomass and organic matter may be in the carbonization chamber at the same time depending on their properties and quantity, or they can be carbonized separately.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a biomass carbonization apparatus according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the carbonization apparatus has a batch-type carbonization chamber 10 that carbonizes biomass by heat generated in the room at the bottom, and a gas combustion chamber 20 that self-combusts an airflow containing volatile components discharged from the carbonization chamber 10 at the top. It is the composition arranged in.
[0017]
The carbonization chamber 10 and the gas combustion chamber 20 are connected by a passage 30 through which an air flow containing volatile components discharged from the carbonization chamber 10 passes. A damper mechanism 31 is disposed in the passage 30. A watering device 11 is disposed in the upper part of the carbonization chamber 10, and a burner 12 is provided in the vicinity of the carry-in port 14 for carrying in biomass. The combustion chamber 10 is supplied with combustion air from a blower 13.
[0018]
The gas combustion chamber 20 is provided with a burner 21 and temperature detecting means 22 for detecting the gas combustion temperature. In addition, combustion air is supplied from the blower 23 to the gas combustion chamber 20. The gas combustion chamber 20 is provided with a chimney 24 for releasing combustion exhaust gas to the atmosphere.
[0019]
In the carbonization apparatus having the above configuration, the biomass is carried into the carbonization chamber 10 and the carbonization chamber 10 is filled with the biomass. A passage 30 connecting the carbonization chamber 10 and the gas combustion chamber 20 is opened by the damper mechanism 31. In this state, air is sent into the carbonization chamber 10 by the blower 13, and the biomass is ignited by the burner 12. Thereby, for example, woody biomass in the carbonization chamber 10 is combusted, and volatile components generated by thermal decomposition flow into the gas combustion chamber 20 where they are mixed with the air blown from the blower 23 and ignited by the burner 21. To burn.
[0020]
When the volatile component from the carbonization chamber 10 is exhausted, the passage 30 is closed by the damper mechanism 31, the carbonization chamber 10 and the gas combustion chamber 20 are shut off, the blower 13 is stopped, and the supply of air to the carbonization chamber 10 is stopped. . Thereby, carbonization of the biomass in the carbonization chamber 10 is formed. Moreover, in this carbonization apparatus, if discharge | emission of a volatile component from the carbonization chamber 10 is lose | eliminated, it will sprinkle into biomass with the water sprinkler 11, and will stop combustion.
[0021]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a temperature change in the carbonization chamber 10 and a temperature change in the gas combustion chamber 20 when a carbonization process is performed on a waste pallet made of wood with the carbonization apparatus. In FIG. 2, “a” indicates a temperature change in the gas combustion chamber 20, and “b” indicates a temperature change in the carbonization chamber 10. When the biomass in the carbonization chamber 10 is ignited, volatile components generated from the biomass flow into the gas combustion chamber 20. When the temperature of the gas combustion chamber 20 is raised to around 500 ° C. by preheating by the burner 21, gasification combustion starts naturally. Due to the gasification combustion of the waste pallet in the carbonization chamber 10, the temperature in the carbonization chamber 10 gradually rises to about 600 ° C., and the generated volatile components flow into the gas combustion chamber 20.
[0022]
The temperature in the gas combustion chamber 20 also rises to around 800 ° C. (maximum 912 ° C.) by ignition and combustion of volatile components. When the inflow of volatile components from the carbonization chamber 10 ceases, the temperature starts to decrease from around 800 ° C., so that the point c at which this temperature begins to decrease is regarded as the time when the volatile components are exhausted, and the blower 13 is stopped to enter the carbonization chamber 10. The supply of the combustion air is shut off and the passage 30 is closed by the damper mechanism 31. In this way, water is sprinkled from the sprinkler 11 after a predetermined time after combustion, and the carbonized waste pallet is cooled. Here, if the supply of combustion air is not shut off, the temperature in the carbonization chamber 10 rises as shown by the broken line d in FIG. 2, and the waste pallet burns to become ash.
[0023]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of a comparison of ignition loss between the above-mentioned waste pallet carbide (test charcoal) and commercially available barbecue charcoal (commercial charcoal). The ignition loss of the test charcoal is 94.85%, whereas that of the commercial charcoal is 96.22%. Compared with the commercial charcoal, it was confirmed that the test charcoal has no inferiority in terms of the ignition loss. .
[0024]
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another schematic configuration of the biomass carbonization apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 4, the bottom surface of the gas combustion chamber 20 is inclined downward toward the passage 30 connecting the gas combustion chamber 20 and the carbonization chamber 10. A dust receiver 15 is disposed below the passage 30. By comprising in this way, since the melt, slag, and soot from the gas combustion chamber 20 fall to the soot receiver 15, collection | recovery of a melt, slag, and soot becomes easy.
[0025]
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another schematic configuration of the biomass carbonization apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 5, the bottom surface of the gas combustion chamber 20 is inclined downward toward the chimney 24. Further, an extraction port 40 for taking out slag and dust and a dust receiver 41 are arranged below the chimney 24. By comprising in this way, since the melt, slag, and soot from the gas combustion chamber 20 fall in the soot receiver 41, collection | recovery of a melt, slag, and soot becomes easy.
[0026]
In the case of a normal incinerator, the fixed carbon is completely incinerated by post-combustion. However, in the carbonization apparatus of the above-described embodiment, the temperature detection means indicates that the volatile components of biomass in the carbonization chamber 10 have disappeared. 22, the passage 30 is closed by the damper mechanism 31 to shut off the carbonization chamber 10 and the gas combustion chamber 20, the blower 13 is stopped, the supply of combustion air into the carbonization chamber 10 is stopped, and the watering device 11 is further stopped. Water is sprayed and biomass combustion is automatically stopped.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the batch-type carbonization chamber for carbonizing biomass is disposed in the lower portion, and the gas combustion chamber for self-combusting the airflow containing the volatile components discharged from the carbonization chamber is provided. Since it is arranged at the top, the following excellent effects can be obtained.
[0028]
(1) By making a carbonization chamber into a batch type, it becomes advantageous for carbonization treatment of biomass generated irregularly.
[0029]
(2) Since the carbonization apparatus has a two-stage configuration including a carbonization chamber and a gas combustion chamber, it is possible to increase the temperature of the gas combustion chamber in the subsequent stage, and it is effective for suppressing emission of harmful substances such as dioxins.
[0030]
(3) By arranging the gas combustion chamber in the lower part and the gas combustion chamber in the upper part, no special incentive device is required to guide the air stream containing the volatile components generated in the carbonization chamber to the gas combustion chamber, and the device is made compact. In addition, since the melt generated in the gas combustion chamber can be recovered under a natural flow, recovery is facilitated.
[0031]
Also, place the combustion air supply means for supplying combustion air to each of the coking chamber and the gas combustion chamber, a damper mechanism that can block the air flow flowing into the gas combustion chamber from the coking chamber during the coking chamber and the gas combustion chamber Since the damper mechanism is controlled by the output of the temperature detection means provided in the gas combustion chamber and the air supplied to the carbonization chamber is controlled, the carbonization of biomass is efficiently performed in addition to the effects (1) to (3) above. The carbonization apparatus which can be performed well can be provided.
[0032]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the sprinkler is controlled by the output of the temperature detecting means provided in the gas combustion chamber, and the sprinkling is performed, so that the temperature of the carbonization chamber after the volatile components are eliminated can be effectively reduced. Therefore, the carbonization apparatus which can perform carbonization of biomass more efficiently can be provided.
[0033]
According to the invention described in claim 3, the temperature of the gas combustion process is heated to a predetermined value, the temperature of the gas combustion process once, when it becomes impossible to maintain the predetermined temperature, the carbonization chamber of a batch The flow of air to the gas combustion chamber is cut off, and the combustion air in the carbonization process is reduced or cut off, or the combustion temperature in the carbonization process is lowered to carbonize the biomass, thereby preventing or suppressing the release of dioxin harmful substances. On the other hand, it is possible to provide a biomass carbonization method capable of obtaining vegetable charcoal useful as a fuel, water purification material, and soil improvement material that can be safely stocked.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a biomass carbonization apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a temperature change in a carbonization chamber and a temperature change in a gas combustion chamber when the carbonization apparatus according to the present invention carbonizes a waste pallet.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a result of comparison of ignition loss between waste pallet carbide (test charcoal) obtained by the carbonization apparatus according to the present invention and commercially available barbecue charcoal (commercial charcoal).
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another schematic configuration of the biomass carbonization apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another schematic configuration of the biomass carbonization apparatus according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Carbonization chamber 11 Sprinkler 12 Burner 13 Blower 14 Carry-in inlet 15 Dust receiver 20 Gas combustion chamber 21 Burner 22 Temperature detection means 23 Blower 24 Chimney 25 Combustion chamber bottom surface 30 Passage 31 Damper mechanism 40 Extraction port 41 Dust receiver 41

Claims (3)

A biomass carbonization device in which a batch-type carbonization chamber that carbonizes biomass with heat generated in a room is disposed at the bottom, and a gas combustion chamber that self-combusts an airflow containing volatile components discharged from the carbonization chamber is disposed at the top ,
A temperature detecting means for detecting a gas combustion temperature in the gas combustion chamber;
Combustion air supply means for supplying combustion air to each of the gas combustion chamber and the batch type carbonization chamber is disposed,
A damper mechanism is provided between the batch-type carbonization chamber and the gas combustion chamber to block an airflow flowing from the carbonization chamber to the gas combustion chamber,
A biomass carbonization apparatus configured to control the damper mechanism by an output of the temperature detection means . The biomass carbonization apparatus according to claim 1 ,
A watering device is provided in the carbonization chamber,
A biomass carbonization apparatus configured to spray water by controlling the water spray apparatus according to an output of the temperature detection means. A carbonization method of biomass having a carbonization step of carbonizing biomass in a batch-type carbonization chamber, and a gas combustion step in which an air stream containing volatile components discharged from the carbonization step is guided to the gas combustion chamber and self-combusted,
When the temperature of the gas combustion process rises to a predetermined value and the temperature of the gas combustion process cannot once maintain the predetermined temperature, the air flow leading from the batch type carbonization chamber to the gas combustion chamber is shut off. In addition, a biomass carbonization method is characterized in that the combustion air in the carbonization step is reduced or blocked, or the combustion temperature in the carbonization step is lowered to carbonize the biomass.

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