JP3737455B2 - Displacement measuring device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides various displacements and various strains and stresses, such as structural displacement measurement, structural tilt measurement, ground surface displacement measurement, ground slope displacement measurement, tunnel top-end settlement measurement, and internal displacement measurement. The present invention relates to a displacement measuring apparatus that measures the above.
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a general measurement and measurement method in the fields of civil engineering, architecture, etc., measurement by so-called light wave rangefinder, measurement by level, convergence measure, and convergence (relative displacement) measurement by precision photogrammetry are generally known. ing. And these conventional measurement methods are used to measure the displacement of the inner wall surface of the tunnel.
[0002]
However, conventional equipment such as a light wave range finder is expensive, and a technique skilled in the operator is required to accurately and quickly perform the displacement measurement work using the conventional measurement technique.
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Thus, the present invention has been devised to address the above-described conventional problems, and various devices used for measurement and displacement measurement can also be used with inexpensive devices that are commercially available, and can be simplified by using them in combination. It is an object of the present invention to provide a displacement measuring apparatus that can perform measurement and displacement measurement work by work, and can quickly and accurately measure the displacement of various measurement objects without requiring a special technique.
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The displacement measuring device according to the present invention comprises:
A pair of straight raysIrradiate at intervals, said irradiationA pair of straight raysAmong them, at least one coordinate known point that is placed on the one side of the light beam so as not to fluctuate is set on the one side of the light beam, and on the other side of the light beam on the other side. Installed on the light beam so that it does not fluctuateat leastTwo pointsForm coordinates known pointThe reference plane was formed with at least the three known coordinate points, and the installation position, irradiation direction, and spacing between the light beams were fixed.A pair of known coordinate point forming devices;
DisplaceProvided on the measurement object, Displaced by the displacement of the measurement objectA plurality of displacement measurement points;
  For the measurement object provided with the coordinate known point and the displacement measurement point,Including the coordinate known points and displacement measurement points;A digital camera with a fixed focal length for changing the shooting position and taking multiple photos,
  An absolute coordinate measuring apparatus that processes a plurality of pieces of image data captured by a digital camera having a fixed focal length and measures absolute coordinates of the plurality of displacement measurement points;
It is characterized by having,
Or
A pair of straight raysIrradiate at intervals, said irradiationA pair of straight raysAmong them, at least one coordinate known point that is placed on the one side of the light beam so as not to fluctuate is set on the one side of the light beam, and on the other side of the light beam on the other side. Installed on the light beam so that it does not fluctuateat leastTwo pointsForm coordinates known pointThe reference plane was formed with at least the three known coordinate points, and the installation position, irradiation direction, and spacing between the light beams were fixed.A pair of known coordinate point forming devices;
DisplaceProvided on the measurement object, Displaced by the displacement of the measurement objectA plurality of displacement measurement points;
  For the measurement object provided with the known coordinate point and the displacement measurement point, Including the coordinate known point and the displacement measuring point,A digital camera with a fixed focal length for changing the shooting position and taking multiple photos,
  An absolute coordinate measuring apparatus that processes a plurality of pieces of image data captured by a digital camera having a fixed focal length and measures absolute coordinates of the plurality of displacement measurement points;
  With
Photography with a digital camera with a fixed focal length is continuously performed over time,
The absolute coordinate measuring apparatus is characterized by measuring the displacement of the displacement measuring point by a plurality of image data photographed at different times,
Or
A pair ofStraight aheadLaser beamIrradiate at intervals, said irradiationA pair ofStraight aheadLaser beamAmong them, at least one coordinate known point that is set on the laser beam on one side so as not to fluctuate on the laser beam on one side is arranged on the laser beam on the other side. Installed on the laser beam so that it does not fluctuateat leastTwo pointsForming a coordinate known point, at leastSaid3 known pointsA pair of known coordinate point forming devices in which the reference plane is formed with the fixed position of the installation position, the irradiation direction, and the distance between the light beams, and
DisplaceProvided on the measurement object, Displaced by the displacement of the measurement objectA plurality of displacement measurement points;
  For the measurement object provided with the coordinate known point and the displacement measurement point,Including the coordinate known points and displacement measurement points;A digital camera with a fixed focal length for changing the shooting position and taking multiple photos,
  An absolute coordinate measuring apparatus that processes a plurality of pieces of image data captured by a digital camera having a fixed focal length and measures absolute coordinates of the plurality of displacement measurement points;
With
Photography with a digital camera with a fixed focal length is continuously performed over time,
The absolute coordinate measuring apparatus measures the displacement of the displacement measuring point from a plurality of image data photographed at different times.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the drawings.
[0003]
FIG. 1 shows a displacement measuring device for measuring the inclination of a structure 1 having a predetermined rectangular shape or the displacement of a side wall or the like of the structure 1.
[0004]
Laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 are fixed and installed at a predetermined interval below one side wall 2 of the structure 1, and the irradiation direction is from the lower side to the upper side of the structure 1, Moreover, it is set as the irradiation direction so that the laser beam 4 irradiated from both laser irradiation apparatuses 3 and 3 may become parallel.
[0005]
Here, it is necessary that the installation position and the irradiation direction of the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 are immovable. Therefore, the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 are placed on the lower end portion of the one side wall 2 of the structure 1 which is assumed to be relatively unchanged. 3 will be installed.
[0006]
In this irradiation direction, a target point (coordinate known point) 5 for receiving the irradiated laser beam 4 is provided. In FIG. 1, the tip of the laser beam 4 irradiated from the pair of laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 is provided. 4 points are provided for convenience in the rear end portion. And it is necessary that these mark points 5 do not fluctuate.
[0007]
Here, four reference points 5 are provided, but if there are at least three points, a reference plane as a reference can be determined.
[0008]
That is, two points P₁(X₁, Y₁, Z₁), P₂(X₂, Y₂, Z₂) And a plane representing a plane parallel to the direction of the vector R (l, m, n) is
[0009]
[Expression 1]
It is represented by
[0010]
[Expression 2]
Now point P₁And point P₂Obviously, if at least three points are provided on the vector R, the plane determined by these three points will be the same plane as the equation (3).
[0011]
After the reference plane is determined as described above, a plurality of displacement measurement points 6 are installed on one side wall 2 of the structure 1 that is the measurement object.
[0012]
The displacement measurement point 6 may be used as the displacement measurement point 6 by using a window frame corner portion or the like on the one side wall 2 of the structure 1, or a new marker or the like may be attached to the one side wall 2 as the displacement measurement point 6. I do not care. Displacement measurement points 6 are provided at six locations on one side wall 2 of the structure 1 of this embodiment shown in FIG.
[0013]
By the way, in photogrammetry, it is extremely important to determine a plane serving as a reference.
[0014]
This is because, when there is no reference plane, the relative positional relationship between the plurality of displacement measurement points 6 and 6 to be measured can be recognized, but each displacement measurement point 6 or displacement measurement point can be recognized. This is because the absolute positional relationship (absolute coordinates) between 6 and 6 cannot be recognized.
[0015]
After a plurality of displacement measurement points 6 are set as described above, a plurality of photographs are taken by shifting the shooting position with the digital camera 7 which is focused and fixed in focus. In this embodiment, the photographing position is shifted and three times of photography are performed.
[0016]
Also, this photography is performed a plurality of times over time at different times.
[0017]
And this photography is performed toward a predetermined measurement object (one side wall 2 of the structure 1 in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1), and is installed at the above-mentioned mark 5 and a plurality of locations. This is performed including the displacement measurement point 6.
[0018]
Thus, after taking a picture, a plurality of photographed video data is taken into an image processing device (absolute coordinate measuring device) and processed by a computer to measure the absolute coordinates (relative value relationship) of the displacement measuring points 6 at the plurality of locations. Good.
[0019]
[Equation 3]
Here, ci is the focal length of photograph i.
[0020]
Here, since each photo can be regarded as having an internal orientation element common to all photos, photo orientation is performed simultaneously on a plurality of photos.
[0021]
This method uses external orientation elements
[0022]
[Expression 4]
Is different for each photo, but the other 8 internal orientation elements
[0023]
[Equation 5]
Is analyzed as being the same in all photos.
[0024]
Here, the collinear conditional expressions represented by the equations (1) to (8) are nonlinear with respect to the unknowns. Therefore, in the analysis, the unknown is decomposed into an approximate value and a minute correction amount, the nonlinear equation is linearized, and a solution is obtained by iterative calculation.
[0025]
The absolute coordinate data for the plurality of displacement measurement points 6 thus determined is analyzed, and how much the displacement has been detected can be confirmed accurately and quickly on the screen.
[0026]
Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 will be described.
[0027]
FIG. 2 shows an example in which the displacement measurement for a predetermined ground surface 8 is performed by the displacement measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
[0028]
The laser irradiating devices 3 and 3 are fixed and installed at a lower position on the lower surface of the predetermined ground surface 8, and the laser beam 4 is irradiated in a substantially horizontal direction.
[0029]
Thus, in this irradiation direction, a mark 5 for receiving the irradiated laser beam 4 is provided. In FIG. 2, as in FIG. 1, the tip of the laser beam 4 irradiated from each laser irradiation device 3 and 3 and Four points are provided on the rear end portion for convenience.
[0030]
The four points 5 are on the same plane, and a reference plane is thereby determined.
After the reference plane is determined as described above, a plurality of displacement measurement points 6 are installed on the ground surface 8 that is the measurement object.
[0031]
Thereafter, the photographing position is shifted by the digital camera 7 which is focused by manual focusing or the like and fixed in focus, and a photograph is taken. Then, the photograph is taken every other day, for example, every few days or every few weeks.
[0032]
Then, a plurality of photographed video data is taken into an image processing apparatus, and computer processing is performed to measure absolute coordinates of the displacement measurement points 6 at the plurality of locations.
[0033]
Thereby, various displacements of the ground surface 8 such as displacement, depression, and protrusion of the ground surface 8 to be measured can be measured.
[0034]
Next, FIG. 3 shows another embodiment.
[0035]
The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is an example in which the displacement measuring device according to the present invention is applied to the slope 9 of a predetermined ground.
[0036]
The laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 are fixedly installed at a side position of the predetermined ground slope 9 with a predetermined interval, and a pair of laser beams 4 and 4 are irradiated in the lateral direction.
[0037]
Thus, in this irradiation direction, a mark 5 for receiving the irradiated laser beam 4 is provided. In FIG. 3, the laser beam 4 irradiated from each of the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 is the same as in FIGS. The reference points 5 are conveniently provided at the front end portion and the rear end portion.
[0038]
A plane serving as a reference is determined by the four points 5.
After the reference plane is determined as described above, a plurality of displacement measurement points 6 are installed on the slope 9 which is a measurement object.
[0039]
Thereafter, the position is shifted by the digital camera 7 which is focused by manual focusing or the like, and the focal point is fixed, and the photograph of the slope 9 is taken by shifting the time.
[0040]
Then, the captured multiple video data is taken into an image processing apparatus, and computer processing is performed to measure the absolute coordinates of the displacement measurement points 6 at the plurality of locations.
[0041]
Thereby, various displacements such as deviation, depression, and protrusion of the slope 9 to be measured can be measured.
[0042]
Next, FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention.
[0043]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, as can be understood from FIG. 4, various management in the existing tunnel 10 or the excavated tunnel 10 can be performed.
[0044]
For example, it is possible to measure the displacement of various parts such as the top end of the tunnel 10 in service, the inner sky displacement left oblique, the inner air displacement right oblique, the upper half inner space displacement, the lower half inner space displacement.
[0045]
As shown in FIG. 4, at the entrance of the tunnel 10, a pair of laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 are fixedly installed below both ends of the tunnel 10. Then, a pair of laser beams 4 and 4 are irradiated in the horizontal direction.
[0046]
Thus, in this irradiation direction, a plurality of (at least three) mark points 5 for receiving the irradiated laser beam 4 are provided. In FIG. 4, the tip portion of the laser beam 4 irradiated from each of the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 is provided. The rear end portion is provided with six reference points 5 for convenience.
[0047]
The six reference points 5 are on the same plane, and the reference plane is thereby determined.
After the reference plane is determined as described above, a plurality of displacement measurement points 6 are installed on the inner wall of the tunnel 10 that is the measurement object.
[0048]
Thereafter, the position is shifted by the digital camera 7 which is focused and the focus is fixed, and a photograph is taken in the tunnel 10 including the reference point 5 and the plurality of displacement measurement points 6 at different times.
[0049]
Then, a plurality of photographed video data is taken into an image processing apparatus, and computer processing is performed to measure the absolute coordinates of the displacement measurement points 6 installed at the plurality of locations.
[0050]
As a result, various displacements can be measured, such as the fall of the top of the tunnel 10 to be measured, the inner air displacement left oblique, the inner air displacement right oblique, the upper half inner air displacement, the lower half inner air displacement. That is, the absolute displacement (Δx, Δy, Δz) of each coordinate component of the gauge point 6 in FIGS. 6 and 7 can be measured.
[0051]
5 and 6 measure various displacements of the tunnel 10 during excavation, and accurate and safe tunnel excavation can be realized by the apparatus according to the present invention.
[0052]
That is, at the entrance of the tunnel 10 in the middle of excavation, the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 are fixedly installed below both ends of the tunnel 10. Then, a pair of laser beams 4 and 4 are irradiated in the horizontal direction.
[0053]
In this irradiation direction, a plurality of (at least three) marks 5 for receiving the irradiated laser beam 4 are provided. In FIG. 5, the tip of the laser beam 4 irradiated from each of the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 is provided. 4 points are provided for convenience in the rear end portion.
[0054]
The four points 5 are on the same plane, and a reference plane is thereby determined.
After the reference plane is determined as described above, a plurality of displacement measurement points 6 are installed on the inner wall of the tunnel 10 during excavation, which is a measurement object.
[0055]
Thereafter, the position is shifted by the digital camera 7 which is focused and fixed in focus, and the inside of the tunnel 10 in the middle of excavation including the gauge point 5 and the plurality of displacement measurement points 6 is taken at different times.
[0056]
Then, a plurality of photographed video data is taken into an image processing apparatus, and computer processing is performed to measure the absolute coordinates of the displacement measurement points 6 installed at the plurality of locations.
[0057]
As a result, various displacements can be measured, such as the fall of the top end of the tunnel 10 to be measured, inner space displacement left oblique, inner air displacement right oblique, upper half inner space displacement, lower half inner space displacement.
7 and 8 show an example in which the apparatus according to the present invention is applied to the finished shape management of the excavated tunnel 10. That is, it is necessary to measure and manage whether the construction section 18 of the excavated tunnel 10 satisfies the design section 16, and the measurement management is performed by the displacement measuring apparatus of the present invention.
[0058]
The hatched portion in FIGS. 7 and 8 is an insufficiently excavated portion 17 (generally referred to as “atari”), and the insufficiently excavated portion 17 needs to be removed before the construction of the secondary lining concrete. There is.
[0059]
Thus, at the entrance of the tunnel 10 excavated, the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 are fixedly installed below both ends of the tunnel 10. Then, a pair of laser beams 4 and 4 are irradiated in the horizontal direction.
[0060]
In this irradiation direction, a plurality of (at least three) mark points 5 for receiving the irradiated laser beam 4 are provided. In FIG. 7, the tip portion of the laser beam 4 irradiated from each of the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 is provided. The rear end portion is provided with six reference points 5 for convenience.
[0061]
The six reference points 5 are on the same plane, and the reference plane is thereby determined.
After the reference plane is determined as described above, a plurality of displacement measurement points 6 are installed on the inner wall of the construction section 18 of the excavated tunnel 10 that is the measurement object.
[0062]
Thereafter, the position is shifted by the digital camera 7 which is focused and fixed in focus, and the time is shifted to take a picture of the tunnel 10 in the middle of excavation including the gauge point 5 and the plurality of displacement measurement points 6.
[0063]
Then, a plurality of photographed video data is taken into an image processing apparatus, and computer processing is performed to measure the absolute coordinates of the displacement measurement points 6 installed at the plurality of locations.
[0064]
Thereby, the insufficiently excavated portion 17 of the construction section 18 with respect to the design section 16 becomes clear.
[0065]
FIG. 9 shows the case where the present invention is applied when a bridge is constructed by a so-called cantilever projecting method.
[0066]
That is, in the bridge construction in which the girder portion is constructed by dividing it into a plurality of blocks, such as a cantilever projecting method as shown in FIG. That is, because the construction method for overhanging and forming the new placement block 20, it hangs down at the tip. Therefore, it is necessary to place the new placement block 20 with an inclination on the upper side in advance, and this management is referred to as management of the amount of overturn of the new placement block 20.
[0067]
In this case, the pair of laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 are fixedly installed on the pier portion 19 that is stationary. Then, if three or more gauge points 5 that form the reference plane are installed in the placement completion portion, the three-dimensional coordinates of the plurality of displacement measurement points 6 on the new placement block 20 that becomes the measurement points are measured. Can be done.
[0068]
That is, a pair of laser beams 4 and 4 are irradiated in the horizontal direction.
[0069]
In this irradiation direction, a plurality of (at least three) mark points 5 for receiving the irradiated laser beam 4 are provided on the new placement block 20, and in FIG. The reference points 5 are conveniently provided at the front end portion and the rear end portion of the laser beam 4 thus formed.
[0070]
The six reference points 5 are on the same plane, and the reference plane is thereby determined.
After the reference plane is determined as described above, a plurality of displacement measurement points 6 are installed on the overhanging new placement block 20 that is the measurement object.
[0071]
Thereafter, the position is shifted by the digital camera 7 which is focused and fixed in focus, and the new placement block 20 including the reference point 5 and the plurality of displacement measurement points 6 is photographed at different times.
[0072]
Then, a plurality of photographed video data is taken into an image processing apparatus, and computer processing is performed to measure the absolute coordinates of the displacement measurement points 6 installed at the plurality of locations.
[0073]
Thereby, the amount by which the new placing block 20 is lifted can be accurately recognized.
[0074]
FIG. 10 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to the behavior measurement of the so-called retaining wall 21.
[0075]
As shown in FIG. 10, in excavation in the excavation work, the behavior of the retaining wall body 21 constructed in advance is measured, and the stability of the retaining wall body 21 and the degree of influence on adjacent structures such as a private house 22 are observed. However, it is necessary to perform construction.
[0076]
In this case, the pair of laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 are fixedly installed on the cut corner portion 23 or the like with small deformation. If three or more reference points 5 that form a reference plane are provided in the vicinity of the cut corner portion 23, a plurality of displacement measurements are performed on the wall surface of the retaining wall body 21 serving as a measurement point, particularly on the intermediate wall surface. The three-dimensional coordinates of the point 6 can be measured.
[0077]
That is, a pair of laser beams 4 and 4 are irradiated from the installed laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 in the horizontal direction.
[0078]
Thus, in this irradiation direction, a plurality (at least three points) of the target points 5 for receiving the irradiated laser beam 4 are provided on the wall surface in the vicinity of the cut corner portion 23 of the retaining wall body 21. Four points 5 are conveniently provided at the front and rear end portions of the laser beam 4 irradiated from the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3.
[0079]
The four points 5 are on the same plane, and a reference plane is thereby determined.
After the reference plane is determined as described above, a plurality of displacement measurement points 6 are installed on the wall surface of the retaining wall body 21 that is the measurement object.
[0080]
Thereafter, the position is shifted by the digital camera 7 that is focused and fixed in focus, and the time is shifted to take a picture of the retaining wall body 21 including the reference point 5 and the plurality of displacement measuring points 6.
[0081]
Then, a plurality of photographed video data is taken into an image processing apparatus, and computer processing is performed to measure the absolute coordinates of the displacement measurement points 6 installed at the plurality of locations.
[0082]
Thereby, the absolute displacement behavior of the mountain retaining wall body 21, in particular, the middle wall portion having a large deformation amount can be measured.
[0083]
FIG. 11 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to deformation measurement of a so-called shield segment 24. In shield tunnel construction, it is necessary to measure how the segment 24 assembled in the shield machine 25 is deformed by earth pressure. There is. This is because, as shown in FIG. 12, when the vertical earth pressure is large, the segment is deformed as indicated by a wavy ellipse.
[0084]
At this time, the laser beam is irradiated toward the tip of the shield machine 25 from behind the shield machine 25 where the deformation has converged, and the absolute displacement behavior of the segment located near the back of the shield machine 25 is measured to evaluate how much the circle is distorted. Then, it is verified whether the earth pressure acting is as expected.
[0085]
FIGS. 13 to 14 show examples in which the present invention is applied to deformation measurement during excavation of a circular shaft or a rectangular shaft.
[0086]
In the above-mentioned embodiment, it is an application example in a tunnel type horizontal shaft constructed in the horizontal direction, but this embodiment shows an application example to a circular shaft or a rectangular shaft drilled in a so-called vertical direction. .
[0087]
Thus, in this embodiment, it is possible to measure the absolute displacement of the excavated inner air surface regardless of the excavation direction of the mine. Although not shown here, the present invention can be easily applied to an inclined shaft (an inclined shaft).
[0088]
Fig. 15 shows an example of application to the measurement of crustal behavior such as gravity and rock fill dams. For gravity concrete dams and rock fill dams, measurement of the behavior of the crumb itself during full water and before and after a major earthquake is measured. It is important to evaluate the stability and soundness of the corpse itself.
[0089]
In this case, a laser irradiation device is installed in the laying body in the vicinity of the rock formation where the displacement is small and immovable, and the absolute displacement of the displacement measuring point 6 arranged in the laying body can be measured in three-dimensional coordinates.
[0090]
Next, the present invention will be described with reference to a flow. First, the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 are installed at predetermined locations, that is, coordinate known points (step 100).
Then, when irradiating laser beams from the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3, at least three reference points 5 for receiving the laser beams 4 are set (step 102). This determines a reference plane.
[0091]
Further, a plurality of measurement points 6 to be surveyed are installed (step 104).
[0092]
Thereafter, the position is shifted by the digital camera 7 focused with manual focus, and a plurality of photographs are taken (step 106).
[0093]
Then, a plurality of photographed video data is taken into an image processing apparatus, and computer processing is performed to analyze the absolute coordinates of the displacement measurement points 6 at the plurality of locations (step 108), and calculate and measure (step 110).
[0094]
Further, when continuously measuring over time (YES in step 112), it is confirmed whether or not the installation position and irradiation angle of the laser irradiation devices 3 and 3 have moved. (YES), the laser irradiating devices 3 and 3 are set again at known coordinate points (step 100), and if they do not move (NO at step 114), the position is shifted by the digital camera 7 focused at the manual focus. Return to the step of taking a plurality of pictures.
[0095]
Next, FIG. 17, FIG. 18, FIG. 19, and FIG.
[0096]
The mark 5 is formed using this jig, that is, the mark forming tool 11.
[0097]
A gage forming tool 11 shown in FIG. 17 is attached to a mounting portion 12 attached to an inner wall of a tunnel 10 or the like, a mounting rod 13 extending from one end side of the mounting portion 12, and a mounting rod 13 movably attached. And a gage portion 14.
[0098]
A so-called target is formed in the gauge point portion 14, and the center of the target is configured as an aiming point 29.
[0099]
Here, when a steel support or a lock bolt washer installed on the inner wall of the tunnel 10 can be used, it can be easily attached and detached by using a magnet for the mounting portion 12, and the work can be speeded up. It is practical.
[0100]
Further, when there is no steel bracket such as a steel support or a lock bolt washer in the vicinity of the installation location of the mark forming tool 11, as shown in FIG. 18, a fixing bracket 26 having an internal thread portion is provided on the tunnel wall surface. What is necessary is just to screw the attachment part 12 embed | buried and formed as a male screw part in the said female screw part after that.
[0101]
Further, the gage forming tool 11 shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 is provided with a transmission type gage portion 15 on the opposite side of the gage portion 14, and is located on the rear end side (back side) like a tunnel, for example. When it is desired to sequentially provide the reference points 5, the transmission type mark portion 15 can be installed toward the inner side of the tunnel even after the reference points 5 on the entrance side of the tunnel are determined, and the reference points 5 can be sequentially determined.
[0102]
That is, in the case of the transmission type mark portion 15, the laser beam 4 is irradiated to the rear end portion side (back side) of the tunnel through the aiming point 29 which is the center of the target, and thus the tunnel rear end portion side. In the (back side), the gauge points 5 can be sequentially installed.
[0103]
In addition, the mark part 14 is formed as a reflection type mark part 14 instead of a transmission type, and when using the mark part 14, the mark 5 cannot be formed toward the back side. However, the gauge part 14 has a simple structure and can be created at a low cost.
[0104]
FIG. 20 shows an example in which a CCD is attached as a light receiving element 27 to a target portion 14 when a target 5 is determined by receiving a light beam having straightness, for example, a laser beam 4.
[0105]
Thus, the present apparatus is configured such that the light amount reaches a peak when the laser beam 4 is irradiated to the center position of the CCD, and can be finely adjusted while checking the situation on the monitor 28.
[0106]
Here, the fine adjustment may be configured manually, or may be configured with a control device so that it can be automatically performed.
[0107]
In the present invention, the light beam is not limited to the laser beam 4, and any light beam may be used as long as it has linearity. Moreover, it may be a light beam having each color such as red, white, green and blue, or may be an LED beam.
【The invention's effect】
Thus, the present invention has the above configuration.
[0108]
If the displacement measuring apparatus according to the present invention is used, various kinds of equipment used for measurement can be commercially available inexpensive equipment, and by combining them, it is a simple surveying work and does not require any special technique. It has an excellent effect that it can accurately measure the displacement of various objects to be measured.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration in which the present invention is used for displacement measurement of a structure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration in which the present invention is used for measuring the displacement of the ground surface.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration in which the present invention is used for measuring a displacement of a ground slope.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration in which the present invention is used for measuring a displacement of an existing tunnel.
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration in which the present invention is used for measuring a displacement of a tunnel under excavation.
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration for measuring various displacements of a tunnel.
FIG. 7 is a configuration explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration for performing shape management of a tunnel excavated according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an insufficient excavation portion of a tunnel.
FIG. 9 is a configuration explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration in which the present invention is applied to bridge construction.
FIG. 10 is a configuration explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration in which the present invention is applied to mountain retaining wall behavior measurement.
FIG. 11 is a configuration explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration in which the present invention is applied to measurement of deformation of a shield segment.
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a deformation state of a segment when the vertical earth pressure is large.
FIG. 13 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing a configuration in which the present invention is applied to deformation measurement during excavation of a circular shaft.
FIG. 14 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing a configuration in which the present invention is applied to deformation measurement during excavation of a rectangular shaft.
FIG. 15 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing a configuration in which the present invention is applied to a body motion measurement such as a gravity type or a rock fill dam.
FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a schematic configuration of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a configuration explanatory diagram (part 1) illustrating a schematic configuration of a gage forming tool.
FIG. 18 is a configuration explanatory diagram (part 2) illustrating a schematic configuration of the gauge forming tool.
FIG. 19 is a configuration explanatory diagram (part 3) illustrating a schematic configuration of the gauge forming tool;
FIG. 20 is a configuration explanatory diagram (part 4) illustrating a schematic configuration of a gage forming tool.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 structure
2 One side wall
3 Laser irradiation equipment
4 Laser beam
5 mark
6 Displacement measurement points
7 Digital camera
8 Ground surface
9 Slope
10 Tunnel
11 Marking tool
12 Mounting part
13 Mounting rod
14 Marking part
15 Transmission type mark part
16 Design cross section
17 Insufficient excavation
18 Construction section
19 Pier
20 New blocks
21 mountain retaining wall
22 private house
23 Cutting corner
24 segments
25 Shield machine
26 Fixing bracket
27 Light receiving element
28 Monitor
29 Aiming point

Claims (3)

A pair of rectilinear light beams are irradiated at an interval, and the pair of rectilinear light beams that are radiated are placed on the one side light beam so as to be aligned with the one side light beam and do not fluctuate. as to the at least one point coordinate known point of, on the other side of the beam, is placed in accordance with the rays of said other side, and to form a coordinate known point of at least two points and do not change, at least A pair of known coordinate point forming devices in which a reference plane is formed with the three known coordinate points, the installation position, the irradiation direction, and the distance between the light beams being fixed and immovable ;
Provided the measurement object to be displaced, and a plurality of displacement measuring point which is displaced by the displacement of the measurement object,
Per the coordinate known point and the measuring object displacement measuring point is provided, the coordinates contained a known point and displacement measurement points, and the digital camera with a fixed focal length of plural photographed by changing the shooting position,
An absolute coordinate measuring apparatus that processes a plurality of pieces of image data captured by a digital camera having a fixed focal length and measures absolute coordinates of the plurality of displacement measurement points;
A displacement measuring apparatus comprising: A pair of rectilinear light beams are irradiated at an interval, and the pair of rectilinear light beams that are radiated are placed on the one side light beam so as to be aligned with the one side light beam and do not fluctuate. as to the at least one point coordinate known point of, on the other side of the beam, is placed in accordance with the rays of said other side, and to form a coordinate known point of at least two points and do not change, at least A pair of known coordinate point forming devices in which a reference plane is formed with the three known coordinate points, the installation position, the irradiation direction, and the distance between the light beams being fixed and immovable ;
Provided the measurement object to be displaced, and a plurality of displacement measuring point which is displaced by the displacement of the measurement object,
For the measurement object provided with the coordinate known point and the displacement measurement point, including the coordinate known point and the displacement measurement point, a digital camera with a fixed focal length for photographing a plurality of images by changing the photographing position;
An absolute coordinate measuring apparatus that processes a plurality of pieces of image data captured by a digital camera having a fixed focal length and measures absolute coordinates of the plurality of displacement measurement points;
With
Photography with a digital camera with a fixed focal length is continuously performed over time,
The absolute coordinate measuring apparatus measures the displacement of the displacement measuring point from a plurality of image data photographed at different times. A pair of rectilinear laser beams are irradiated at an interval, and among the irradiated pair of rectilinear laser beams , the laser beam on one side is installed in accordance with the laser beam on one side and does not vary At least one coordinate known point thus formed is set on the laser beam on the other side in accordance with the laser beam on the other side, and at least two coordinate known points are formed so as not to fluctuate. a pair of coordinates known point forming apparatus the reference plane is formed, the installation position, in which the spacing between the illumination direction and the light beam to the fixed immobile coordinates known point of the three points,
Provided the measurement object to be displaced, and a plurality of displacement measuring point which is displaced by the displacement of the measurement object,
Per the coordinate known point and the measuring object displacement measuring point is provided, the coordinates contained a known point and displacement measurement points, and the digital camera with a fixed focal length of plural photographed by changing the shooting position,
An absolute coordinate measuring apparatus that processes a plurality of pieces of image data captured by a digital camera having a fixed focal length and measures absolute coordinates of the plurality of displacement measurement points;
With
Photography with a digital camera with a fixed focal length is continuously performed over time,
The absolute coordinate measuring apparatus measures the displacement of the displacement measuring point from a plurality of image data photographed at different times.