JP3719817B2 - Absorbent article manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a manufacturing method and an apparatus for manufacturing an absorbent article used as, for example, a sanitary napkin, a pad for incontinence, a surgical pad, and the like, and more particularly, to provide excellent fit and absorbability and prevent liquid leakage. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an absorbent article and an apparatus for manufacturing the same, which can manufacture an absorbent article having a three-dimensional shape capable of being manufactured with high productivity.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-121271 discloses a method for manufacturing an absorbent article, in which a part of an absorbent body used as a sanitary napkin is three-dimensionalized to improve the fit and absorbability of the mounting portion. And a manufacturing apparatus thereof has been proposed.
[0003]
This device passes the sheet-like pulp between a compression roll for forming a concave space on the roll surface and a receiving roll for formation arranged at a predetermined distance with respect to the compression roll for molding. A three-dimensional shape corresponding to the concave space is formed in a part of the absorber.
[0004]
However, in the manufacturing method described in the above-mentioned publication, after the absorbent body is three-dimensionally molded, the topsheet and the backsheet are bonded together so as to sandwich the absorbent body. Wrinkles and slack may occur. In particular, when the surface sheet is wrinkled or slackened, the feeling of wearing becomes worse and liquid leakage tends to occur.
[0005]
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to produce an absorbent article having a three-dimensional shape with good productivity, which is free from wrinkles and sag on the top sheet and the back sheet, and has excellent fit and absorbency and can prevent liquid leakage. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an absorbent article and a manufacturing apparatus therefor.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a liquid-permeable surface sheet and a liquid-impermeable surface sheet are formed on the skin contact surface. A method for manufacturing an absorbent article in which a liquid-retaining absorbent layer is interposed between backside sheets, in which a concave space for forming the protruding portion and a ridge for forming the concave portion are formed. Between the first roll and a second roll disposed at a predetermined distance from the first roll, the absorbent layer is transported together with the top sheet, and the absorbent layer and the top sheet are moved to the first roll. By pressing with the roll and the second roll, a part of the absorbent layer and the topsheet is formed into a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the concave space, and the protruding portion is formed, and the absorbent layer and the topsheet After forming the recess according to the protrusion By providing a method of manufacturing an absorbent article is characterized in that the pasted the back sheet on the back surface of the absorbent layer is obtained by achieving the above object.
[0007]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing an absorbent article according to the first aspect, a pair of endless belts driven by a plurality of rollers are disposed above and below the first roll and the second roll, respectively. The above object is achieved by providing a method for producing an absorbent article, wherein the absorbent layer and the topsheet are pressed from above and below by a pair of endless belts.
[0008]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing an absorbent article according to the first aspect, a pair of endless belts that press both side edges of the topsheet from above and below between the first roll and the second roll. The above object is achieved by providing a method for manufacturing an absorbent article, wherein the first roll and the second roll are disposed so as to be positioned on both side portions in the axial direction of the first roll and the second roll. It is.
[0009]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing an absorbent article according to the first aspect, an annular portion for holding the top sheet with the second roll is provided on both side portions in the axial direction of the first roll. The above object is achieved by providing a method of manufacturing an absorbent article characterized by the above.
[0010]
The invention according to claim 5 includes a compression molding mechanism having a first roll and a second roll, and a liquid-retaining absorbent layer and a liquid-permeable layer conveyed between the first roll and the second roll. After the surface sheet is pressed by the first roll and the second roll to form a three-dimensional protruding portion on the skin contact surface and a concave portion on the outer periphery of the protruding portion, the absorbent layer An absorbent article manufacturing apparatus in which a liquid-impermeable back sheet is pasted on the back surface of the first roll, and a concave space for forming the protruding portion into a three-dimensional shape on the surface of the first roll; The above object is achieved by providing an apparatus for manufacturing an absorbent article, characterized in that a ridge for forming the recess is formed.
[0011]
The invention according to claim 6 is the manufacturing apparatus for absorbent articles according to claim 5, wherein the bottom surface of the concave space is lower than the surface of the first roll. By providing this, the above-mentioned object is achieved.
[0012]
The invention described in claim 7 is the absorbent article manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the first roll includes the convex strip portion, the concave space portion excluding the convex strip portion, and the roll surface. The above object is achieved by providing an absorbent article manufacturing apparatus characterized by being divided into constituent parts.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a specific method for manufacturing an absorbent article to which the present invention is applied and an embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
This embodiment is an example in which the present invention is applied to a method and a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a sanitary napkin.
[0014]
1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a manufacturing apparatus for absorbent articles, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a compression molding mechanism, FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part at the position AA in FIG. 2, and FIG. The top view of the absorbent article manufactured by the method, FIG. 5 is the BB sectional drawing of FIG.
In FIG. 5, in order to make the three-dimensional shape formed in the absorbent layer clear, the top sheet, the absorbent layer, and the back sheet are integrally displayed without being distinguished.
[0015]
First, the structure of an absorbent article manufactured by the method of the present invention and the manufacturing apparatus thereof will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the absorbent article 1 has an absorbent layer (not shown) sandwiched between the top sheet 2 and the back sheet 3 from above and below, and the peripheral portion of the absorbent layer is hot. It is formed by bonding and fixing the top sheet 2 and the back sheet 3 by an adhesive means such as a melt. About this structure, it is the same structure as a conventionally well-known sanitary napkin. The materials used for the top sheet 2, the back sheet 3 and the absorbent layer are the same as those conventionally known.
[0016]
And especially in the absorbent article 1 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG.4 and FIG.5, the protrusion part 4 which consists of three-dimensional shapes, and this protrusion part 4 on the skin contact surface 2a of this absorbent article 1 A recess 5 is formed so as to surround the outer periphery of the. The protruding portion 4 has a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the curve of the body in the longitudinal direction at the central portion in the width direction of the absorbent article 1 so as to enhance the fit of the wearer and the absorbability of menstrual fluid. It is formed as a strip.
[0017]
And the protrusion part 4a, 4b which protrudes further in the center part of the said protrusion part 4 over the longitudinal direction is formed. Of these ridges 4a and 4b, the ridge 4a formed from the longitudinal center position of the absorbent article 1 to the front end 1a side is made bulky in accordance with the crotch portion. Moreover, the protrusion part 4b formed ranging from the longitudinal center position of the absorbent article 1 to the rear end part 1b side is made into the shape matched with the curved surface of the body from the thigh to the buttocks. Further, both side portions 4c in the longitudinal direction of the projecting portion 4 have a gentle curve in accordance with the thigh so that a feeling of use at the time of wearing is good.
[0018]
By making the protruding portion 4 into a three-dimensional shape that matches the curve of the body described above, the protruding portion 4 fits the local area, improving the fit of the wearer, and the absorption capacity of menstrual fluid is remarkably increased. improves.
[0019]
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the recess 5 formed on the outer periphery of the protruding portion 4 is formed as a groove having a substantially U-shaped cross section at a position one step lower than the skin contact surface 2a. Yes. Of the recesses 5, the recesses 5 a formed on the front end 1 a side of the absorbent article 1 function to dampen the liquid flowing from the projecting portion 4 to the front end 1 a. Similarly, the recessed part 5b formed in the rear end part 1b side of the absorbent article 1 functions to dampen the liquid flowing from the projecting part 4 to the rear end part 1b. Further, the concave portion 5c formed in the other portion is configured to dampen the liquid flowing from the protruding portion 4 to the side portion 4c.
[0020]
By forming the concave portion 5 on the outer periphery of the protruding portion 4, the menstrual fluid flowing from the protruding portion 4 can be reliably trapped in the concave portion 5. Leakage and back leakage can be reliably prevented.
[0021]
Next, the manufacturing apparatus which manufactures the absorbent article 1 of the said structure is demonstrated.
As shown in FIG. 1, the manufacturing apparatus includes a compression molding mechanism 8 having a first roll 6 and a second roll 7, and holds liquid transported between the first roll 6 and the second roll 7. The protruding portion 4 having a three-dimensional shape on the skin contact surface 2a and the protruding portion are pressed by the first absorbing layer 9 and the liquid-permeable surface sheet 2 by the first roll 6 and the second roll 7. After the recess 5 is formed on the outer periphery of the portion 4, the liquid-impermeable back sheet 3 is attached to the back surface of the absorption layer 9.
[0022]
The absorbent layer 9 is continuously conveyed to the compression molding mechanism 8 at a predetermined interval in a state where the outer periphery is cut into a final product shape. Since the absorption layer 9 has the protruding portion 4 having the above-described three-dimensional shape formed at the center thereof, the absorption layer 9 has a thickness at least equal to or greater than the thickness of the protruding portion 4.
[0023]
The top sheet 2 is continuously supplied by the guide roller 11 to the upper surface of the absorbent layer 9. Similarly, the waterproof paper 10 is continuously supplied to the lower surface of the absorbent layer 9 by the guide roller 12. Therefore, the surface sheet 2 and the waterproof paper 10 are supplied to the upper and lower surfaces of the absorbent layer 9 before being conveyed to the compression molding mechanism 8 described later.
[0024]
And the absorption layer 9 pinched | interposed by the said surface sheet 2 and the said waterproof paper 10 is three-dimensionalized by the compression molding mechanism part 8 arrange | positioned at the next process. Thereafter, the back sheet 3 is supplied to the back side of the waterproof paper 10 by the guide roll 13, and after the top sheet 2 and the back sheet 3 are bonded to each other at the outer periphery, the absorbent sheet is trimmed to a predetermined shape. 4 is manufactured.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 1, the first roll 6 constituting the compression molding mechanism unit 8 is disposed on the side where the topsheet 2 is provided, and is a compression molding roll that three-dimensionalizes the absorbent layer 9. Yes. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the first roll 6 is formed with a concave space portion 14 for forming the protruding portion 4 into a three-dimensional shape and a ridge portion 15 for forming the concave portion 5. Yes.
[0026]
The concave space portion 14 is used to form the protruding portion 4 into a three-dimensional shape, and is formed as a concave portion obtained by inverting the outer shape of the protruding portion 4. Further, since the concave space portion 14 causes the protruding portion 4 to be three-dimensionally formed, the bottom surface of the concave space portion 14 is positioned lower than the roll surface 6 a of the first roll 6.
[0027]
The ridge portion 15 is for forming a recess 5 formed on the outer periphery of the protruding portion 4, and is also formed as a ridge in which the shape of the recess 5 is inverted, protruding from the roll surface 6a. ing. And at the front-end | tip of the said protruding item | line part 15, in order to escape the air in the concave-shaped space part 14 at the time of compression molding, or not generate | occur | produce a wrinkle at the time of shaping | molding, or to give the three-dimensional effect of the groove | channel after shaping | molding A plurality of grooves 16 are formed at predetermined intervals.
[0028]
The groove 16 has a groove depth shallower than the height H dimension of the ridge 15. The depth of the groove 16 is preferably 0.1 to 1 mm. If it is less than 0.1 mm, the three-dimensionalization of the groove is not clear, and if it is more than 1 mm, the topsheet 2 is easily broken. More preferably, 0.3 to 0.5 mm is good.
[0029]
On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the second roll 7 is disposed so as to face the first roll 6 with a predetermined distance so as to sandwich the absorbent layer 9. It is considered to be a compression receiving roll when making it into a normal state. And since this 2nd roll 7 functions as a receiving roll of the said 1st roll 6, it is set as the normal roll which does not have an unevenness | corrugation in the roll surface 7a.
[0030]
Next, the manufacturing method of the absorbent article 1 of this embodiment is demonstrated.
First, as shown in FIG. 1, the absorbent layer 9 is continuously conveyed to the compression molding mechanism 8 at a predetermined interval. Next, after the waterproof paper 10 is supplied to the lower surface of the absorbent layer 9, the topsheet 2 is supplied to the upper surface of the absorbent layer 9. As a result, the absorbent layer 9 is sandwiched between the top sheet 2 and the waterproof paper 10.
[0031]
Next, the absorbent layer 9 sandwiched between the top sheet 2 and the waterproof paper 10 is conveyed and pressed between the first roll 6 and the second roll 7 constituting the compression molding mechanism 8. As a result, a protruding portion 4 having a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the concave space portion 14 formed on the first roll 6 is formed on the skin contact surface side of the absorbent layer 9 and formed on the first roll 6. A concave portion 5 corresponding to the projected ridge portion 15 is formed on the outer periphery of the protruding portion 4.
[0032]
Further, the flat portion of the absorbent layer 9 excluding the portion where the projecting portion 4 and the recessed portion 5 are formed is compressed by the roll surfaces 6a and 7a of the first roll 6 and the second roll 7 so that the thickness thereof is thin. Become. The thickness of the portion can be set to a desired thickness by adjusting the distance between the first roll 6 and the second roll 7 facing each other.
[0033]
In the compression molding mechanism 8, when the absorbent layer 9 is three-dimensionalized, the topsheet 2 is also three-dimensionalized simultaneously with the absorbent layer 9. Compared with the method of pasting together, the generation of wrinkles and slack is eliminated.
[0034]
And after the said absorption layer 9 is three-dimensionalized, the back surface sheet 3 supplied from the lower part is bonded together to the said waterproof paper 10, and the said surface sheet 2 and the back surface sheet 3 adhere | attach such as hot melt in the outer periphery Bonded and fixed by means. Thereafter, the absorbent layer 9 is sent to the next step and trimmed into a predetermined shape, whereby the absorbent article 1 manufactured by the method of the present invention is manufactured.
[0035]
As mentioned above, this invention is not restrict | limited to embodiment mentioned above, A change is possible suitably, unless it deviates from the summary of this invention.
For example, in order to improve the moldability of the recess 5, the ridge 15 formed on the first roll 6 may be heated by a heater or the like. If the said protruding item | line part 15 is heated, the moldability of the recessed part 5 formed in the said absorption layer 9 will improve. Moreover, when heating the said protruding item | line part 15, it is preferable to make this protruding item | line part 15 and the other part containing the said concave space part 14 into raw materials, such as a different heat insulating material.
[0036]
In the above-described embodiment, the second roll 7 is a flat roll having no irregularities. However, in order to assist the formability of the three-dimensional shape by the first roll 6, the concave shape is formed on the roll surface 7 a of the second roll 7. You may make it form the convex part according to the space part 14. FIG.
[0037]
Moreover, the said 1st roll 6 may be divided | segmented into the convex part 15 and the part which comprises the concave space part 14 and this roll surface 6a except this convex part 15, as shown in FIG. That is, the first roll 6 is halved around the axis, and one of the halves is further divided into two in the circumferential direction. And the hole which fits the convex part 15 and the concave space part 14 is formed in the 1st roll piece part 17 arrange | positioned among the roll piece parts 17 and 18 divided into two at the roll surface side. On the other hand, the ridge 15 is formed on the second roll piece 18 disposed below the first roll piece 17. The concave space portion 14 is configured by a member independent of the first roll piece portion 17 and the second roll piece portion 18.
[0038]
If the 1st roll 6 is divided | segmented as mentioned above, when changing the shape of the protrusion part 4 and the recessed part 5 which are formed in the said absorbent article 1 to arbitrary shapes, the said recessed space part 14 and a 1st roll piece It can be easily changed by simply replacing the parts of the part 17 and the second roll piece 18.
[0039]
Moreover, in this invention, when forming the protrusion part 4 by the compression molding mechanism part 8 which consists of the said 1st roll 6 and the said 2nd roll 7, it does not generate | occur | produce a wrinkle, a twist, etc. on the surface sheet 2. FIG. Therefore, it is preferable that the top sheet 2 and / or the absorption layer 3 is pressed from the vertical direction.
[0040]
For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a pair of endless belts 20, 20 driven by a plurality of rollers 19 are placed up and down on the front and rear sides of the compression molding mechanism 8 composed of the first roll 6 and the second roll 7. The absorbent layer 9 and the topsheet 2 are pressed from above and below by the pair of endless belts 20 and 20.
[0041]
The endless belt 20 is guided by a plurality of rollers 19 so that a part of the endless belt 20 runs in parallel with the topsheet 2 or the waterproof paper 10. Of the plurality of rollers 19, the black and white rollers are the driving rollers, and the other rollers are simply rotating guide rollers. Further, the endless belt 20 has a belt width equal to or greater than the width of the topsheet 2 in order to hold the topsheet 2 and the absorbent layer 9 together.
[0042]
The pair of endless belts 20 and 20 arranged above and below press the topsheet 2 and the absorbent layer 9 so as to sandwich the topsheet 2 and the absorbent layer 9 from above and below. ing. For this reason, when the protruding portion 4 is formed on the skin contact surface by the first roll 6 and the second roll 7, the top sheet 2 and the absorbent layer 9 are formed on the first roll 6 and the second roll 7. The pair of endless belts 20, 20 arranged at the front and rear are pressed down. Therefore, wrinkles, kinks, etc. do not occur in the manufactured absorbent article 1.
[0043]
In addition, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, a pair of endless belts 21, 21 that press both side edges of the topsheet 2 from above and below between the first roll 6 and the second roll 7, The first roll 6 and the second roll 7 are arranged so as to be located on both side portions in the axial direction.
[0044]
The endless belt 21 is provided between the first roll 6 and the second roll 7 so that a part of the belt is parallel to the topsheet 2 and avoids a region where the protruding portion 4 is formed. It is guided by a plurality of rollers (not shown) so as to be located on both side portions in the axial direction of the first roll 6 and the second roll 7 that face both side edges of the topsheet 2. The endless belt 21 travels with the top sheet 2 by a plurality of rollers. If an endless belt 21 having a low friction coefficient is used, the endless belt 21 may be fixed without running.
[0045]
As described above, the pair of endless belts 21 and 21 that press the both side edges of the topsheet 2 from above and below are disposed between the first roll 6 and the second roll 7, so that the first roll When the protruding portion 4 is formed by the 6 and the second roll 7, the top sheet 2 is held by the pair of endless belts 21 and 21. As a result, when the protruding portion 4 is formed by the first roll 6 and the second roll 7, the topsheet 2 is held in a stretched state in the peripheral portion where the protruding portion 4 is formed. As a result, wrinkles, kinks, and the like are not generated in the manufactured absorbent article 1.
[0046]
In addition to this, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, annular portions 22 and 22 for holding the top sheet 2 by the second roll 7 are provided on both side portions in the axial direction of the first roll 6. .
[0047]
The annular portions 22 and 22 are formed as annular bodies having a diameter larger than the roll diameter of the first roll 6. Further, the annular portions 22 and 22 are provided at positions facing both side edges of the topsheet 2 avoiding a region where the protruding portion 4 is formed. In addition, you may make it wind the heat resistant rubber etc. on the surface of these annular parts 22 and 22 in order to prevent the tear of the surface sheet 2.
[0048]
As described above, the annular portions 22 and 22 that hold the top sheet 2 with the second roll 7 are provided on both side portions in the axial direction of the first roll 6. The top sheet 2 is pressed by the annular portions 22 and 22. As a result, when the protruding portion 4 is formed by the first roll 6 and the second roll 7, the surface sheet 2 is held in a stretched state in the peripheral portion where the protruding portion 4 is formed. As a result, wrinkles, kinks, and the like are not generated in the manufactured absorbent article 1.
[0049]
In addition, among the above-mentioned, between the 1st roll 6 and the 2nd roll 7, a pair of endless belts 21 and 21 which hold down the both-sides edge part of the surface sheet 2 from an up-down direction are this 1st roll 6 and 2nd roll 7. It is more effective to arrange them so as to be located on both side portions in the axial direction.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, the top sheet and the back sheet are free from wrinkles and slack, and have a three-dimensional shape that is excellent in fit and absorbency and can prevent liquid leakage. The manufacturing method of the absorbent article which can manufacture an active article with sufficient productivity, and its manufacturing apparatus can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an absorbent article manufacturing apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
2 is a perspective view showing a compression molding mechanism of the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part at the position AA in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of an absorbent article manufactured by the method of the present invention.
5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a compression molding mechanism portion in which a first roll is divided.
FIG. 7 shows that a pair of endless belts driven by a plurality of rollers are arranged vertically on the front and rear sides of the first roll and the second roll, respectively, and the absorbent layer and the surface sheet are pressed from above and below by the pair of endless belts. It is a principal part side view which shows the example made.
FIG. 8 shows a pair of endless belts that press both side edges of the topsheet from the up and down direction between the first roll and the second roll, and are positioned on both side parts in the axial direction of the first roll and the second roll. The example arrange | positioned in this way is shown, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a front view.
FIG. 9 is a front view showing an example in which an annular portion that presses the topsheet with a second roll is provided on both side portions in the axial direction of the first roll.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Absorbent article 2 Top sheet 3 Back sheet 4 Projection part 5 Concave part 6 First roll 7 Second roll 8 Compression molding mechanism part 9 Absorbing layer 14 Concave space part 15 Convex part 20, 21 Endless belt 22 Ring part

Claims (7)

Liquid retention between a liquid-permeable top sheet and a liquid-impermeable back sheet, in which a three-dimensional protruding portion is formed on the skin contact surface and a concave portion is formed on the outer periphery of the protruding portion. A first roll formed with a concave space portion for forming the protruding portion and a convex portion for forming the concave portion, and the first roll. The absorbent layer is transported together with the top sheet between the second roll and a second roll disposed at a predetermined distance from the roll, and the absorbent layer and the top sheet are conveyed by the first roll and the second roll. By pressing, a part of the absorbent layer and the topsheet is formed into a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the concave space, and the protruding portion is formed, and the absorbent layer and the topsheet are formed according to the ridges. After forming the recess, the back surface of the absorption layer Method of manufacturing an absorbent article which is characterized in that so as to paste the face sheets. A pair of endless belts driven by a plurality of rollers are arranged above and below each of the first roll and the second roll, and the absorbent layer and the top sheet are pressed from above and below by the pair of endless belts. The manufacturing method of the absorbent article of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. Between the first roll and the second roll, a pair of endless belts that press both side edges of the topsheet from above and below are positioned on both side parts in the axial direction of the first roll and the second roll. The method for producing an absorbent article according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent article is arranged as described above. The method for manufacturing an absorbent article according to claim 1, wherein an annular portion for holding the top sheet by the second roll is provided on both side portions in the axial direction of the first roll. A compression molding mechanism having a first roll and a second roll, and a liquid-retaining absorbent layer and a liquid-permeable surface sheet conveyed between the first roll and the second roll. And by pressing with the second roll to form a three-dimensional projecting portion on the skin contact surface and a recess on the outer periphery of the projecting portion, and then the liquid impervious to the back surface of the absorbent layer An absorbent article manufacturing apparatus in which a back sheet is attached,
An apparatus for manufacturing an absorbent article, wherein the surface of the first roll is formed with a concave space portion for forming the protruding portion into a three-dimensional shape and a ridge portion for forming the concave portion. 6. The absorbent article manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a bottom surface of the concave space is lower than a surface of the first roll. The said 1st roll is divided | segmented into the said protruding item | line part, the said recessed space part except this protruding item | line part, and the part which comprises the said roll surface, The absorptivity of Claim 5 or 6 characterized by the above-mentioned. Article manufacturing equipment.

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