JP3781490B2

JP3781490B2 - Method for detecting damaged part of impermeable sheet and water stop method using impermeable sheet

Info

Publication number: JP3781490B2
Application number: JP28444596A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 克己水野; 晃生土岐; 誠一成島; 修高橋; 光雄川口; 朋樹栗本
Original assignee: Okumura Corp; Toda Corp
Current assignee: Okumura Corp; Toda Corp
Priority date: 1996-10-25
Filing date: 1996-10-25
Publication date: 2006-05-31
Anticipated expiration: 2016-10-25
Also published as: JPH10128268A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は遮水シートの欠損箇所検知方法に関し、池又は、廃棄物処分場に敷設されて廃棄物から生じる汚水の漏出を防止する遮水シートの、欠損箇所を検知するための遮水シートの破損部検知方法及び遮水シートを用いた止水工法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
産業廃棄物や一般廃棄物を投棄する例えば埋立型の廃棄物処分場では、該処分場から漏出する汚水が地下に浸透して環境汚染を引き起こすことを防止するため、処分場の底面に遮水工事を実施することが義務付けられている。かかる遮水工事として、確実性、安全性、施工性、経済性等の観点から、軟質の合成樹脂系あるいはゴム系の遮水シートを敷設する方法が採用されている。そして、これらの遮水シートは、広大な面積を有する廃棄物処分場の底面を一枚の遮水シートによって一度に覆うことは施工上困難なため、複数に分割したものを、現場において、溶着や接着剤を介した圧着等によりその端部を接合一体化することにより、当該遮水シートによって廃棄物処分場の底面全域を覆うように敷設する工法が採用されている。
【０００３】
遮水シ−トには軟質の合成樹脂系、ゴム系のシートのみを敷設する以外に、米国特許第４、５０１，７８８号等に開示されるように、二枚の柔軟なシートの間にベントナイト等の膨潤性のある粘土層やまたは吸水性樹脂を封入したシ−トが採用されている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記複数に分割した遮水シートを現場において接合一体化する方法は、接合不良を生じる場合があり、この接合不良による欠損箇所から汚水が外部に漏出する恐れがあるという問題があった。また池の貯水が完了した後又は廃棄物の埋め立て作業中あるいは埋め立て完了後に遮水シ−トが破損し欠損箇所から汚水が外部に漏出する恐れがあるという問題も生じていた。かかる欠損箇所を検知すべく種々の方法が提案されており、従来は真空、加圧、電気的な検知システムが提案されている。
【０００５】
しかしこれらの方法では、現場において簡易かつ迅速に欠損箇所を検知し特定することができないという問題があった。またその検知測定方法は電気的又は機械的なものによるもので、電気の場合はその検出システム及び検知した情報を伝えるコ−ドの切断、漏電、腐食、水等による電気的なショ−トから正確な情報を長期的に得ることができなかった。またたとえ検知することができても、その補修に関しては検知後すなわち汚染水が外部に流出したあとにセメント等のグラウト注入等により漏水部分の補修を行っていた。また補修するためにセメント等のグラウトを注入した場合、注入した空間部はすべて固化するため、次に固化した区間において漏水が起こった場合は、検知システムが作動しない状況になるという難点があった。
【０００６】
そこで、この発明は、かかる従来の問題点に着目してなされたもので、現場において簡易、迅速かつ容易に検知作業を行なうことができるとともに、欠損箇所を精度良く瞬時に検知、特定することができる遮水シートの破損部検出方法を提供すること及び破損状態を検知後すなわち汚染水が外部に流出する前に破損箇所を止水することができ、なおかつ、同一区間が再度漏水しても何度も破損箇所を検知することができる止水工法を提供することを目的とするものである。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明は、上記目的を達成するため、鋭意検討した結果、二重構造の遮水シート内部を多数の区画に分割し、各々の区画内にスラリー状の止水材を充填する着想を得た。
【０００８】
すなわち、この発明に係る遮水シートの破損部検出方法は、下層シートと上層シートとからなる二重構造の遮水シート内部を多数の区画に分割して池又は廃棄物処分場等の止水施工面に敷設するとともに、各々の区画内と地上の止水材供給源とを連結してスラリー状の止水材を充填し、遮水シートの破損によって生じる止水材の漏水を止水材供給源における止水材のレベル変化により検知可能としたことを特徴とする遮水シートの破損部検出方法である。
【０００９】
また、この発明に係る遮水シートを用いた止水工法は、下層シートと上層シートとからなる二重構造の遮水シート内部を多数の区画に分割して池又は廃棄物処分場等の止水施工面に敷設するとともに、各々の区画内と地上の止水材供給源とを連結してスラリー状の止水材を充填し、地上部との高低差による圧力またはポンプなどの強制加圧力により常に各区画内に止水材を補給可能となし、遮水シートの破損時、止水材が遮水シートまたは地盤に浸透して止水層を形成するようにした遮水シートを用いた止水工法である。
【００１０】
さらにまた、他の止水工法として、下層シートと上層シートとからなる二重構造の遮水シート内部を多数の区画に分割して池又は廃棄物処分場等の止水施工面に敷設するとともに、各々の区画内と地上の止水材供給源とを連結してスラリー状の止水材を充填するとともに、別途各々の区画内と地上の真空ポンプとを連結し、各区画内の空気と水を真空ポンプで吸引することにより、スラリ−状止水材の含水比を低下させ、濃度を高めて流動性を止めるようにした止水工法とすることもできる。
【００１１】
下層シートと上層シートとからなる二重構造の遮水シート内部を多数の区画に分割する方法としては、下層シートと上層シートを分割すべき多数の区画の周囲において圧着接合することによって多数の区画に分割したり、二重構造の遮水シート内部に天地の空いた多数の空隙構造からなる多隔壁資材を敷設することによって多数の区画に分割することができる。
【００１２】
多数に分割された各々の区画内には、多隔壁資材、砕石、レンガ、ブロック、ブロック状発泡プラスチック品等の充填材を充填することが望ましい。充填材としては熱可塑性プラスチック又はアルミ板、ステンレス板、鉄板等を凹凸状、波板状、筒状等の立体状に成形加工したものを任意の高さに積層して使用することもできる。熱可塑性プラスチックとしては、アイオノマ−、アミノポリアクリルアミド、イサブチレン無水マレイン酸コポリマ−、ＡＡＳ、ＡＥＳ、ＡＳ、ＡＢＡ、ＡＣＳ、ＭＢＳ、エチレン塩化ビニルコポリマ−、高密度ポリエチレン等が使用できる。
【００１３】
止水材としては、モンモリロナイト属のベントナイト、バイデライト、ノントロナイト、サポナイト、ヘクトライトやホルマイト属のアタパルジャイト、セピオライト、バ−ミキュライト、イライト、カオリンナイト、ハロイサイト、ギブサイト、ヘマタイト、アロフェン、イモゴライト、雲母粘土鉱物、合成ベントナイト、ゼオライト、タルク、緑泥岩、カルサイト、クロライトなどの粘土鉱物の天然品や合成品又は吸水性樹脂を用いることができる。
【００１４】
水１００部に対して止水材または止水材混合物を３部から５００部添加混合し、透水係数１×１０^-5から１０^-8の不透水性のスラリ−状とした止水材は、本発明の止水材として好ましく使用することができる。
【００１５】
プロピレングリコ−ル、ポリエチレングリコ−ルを止水材または止水材混合物に対し、０．１部から５００部添加混合することによって凍結防止剤として使用したり、水に代わる止水材の分散材として使用することができる。
【００１６】
止水材に対する混合材としては、分散材、ＰＨ調整材、防腐材、凍結防止材などを適宜使用することができ、各々水１００部に対して０．０１部から５０部の範囲で、単独または混合して添加する。
【００１７】
止水材の粘性を下げて流動性を持たせる目的からは、ポリカルボン酸系化合物、トリポリリン酸系化合物、スルホンソ−ダ、フミン酸ソ−ダ、リグニンスルホン酸ソ−ダ系化合物、フミン酸ソ−ダの複合系化合物、ヘキサミタリン酸ソ−ダ、重炭酸ソ−ダ、硝酸ナトリウム、塩化ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、硝酸アンモニウム、塩化アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、硝酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、硝酸バリウム、塩化バリウム、硫酸バリウム、炭酸バリウム、又はポリカルボン酸、ポリアクリル酸塩、ジイソブチレンとマレン酸との共重合物塩、ポリスチレンスルホン酸塩、ナフタリレンススルホン酸塩のホルマリン縮合物、リグニンスルホン酸、メラミンスルホン酸の単独又はこれらの任意の組み合わせを用いることができる。
【００１８】
ＰＨ調整材としては、炭酸ソ−ダ、炭酸ガス、希硫酸、硫酸、苛性ソ−ダまたは重曹を上げることができ、防腐剤としては界面活性剤、有機アミン系化合物を上げることができる。
【００１９】
下層シート及び上層シートの材料としては、綿、麻、ポリエチレン、ポリアミド、ポリプロピレン、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、ナイロン、ポリエステル、ポリアクリル等の不織布又は織物、エチレンプムピレンジモノマ−の繊維複合シ−ト、ポリオレフィン系エラストマ−の合成ゴムシ−ト又はポリ塩化ビニルの繊維複合シ−ト、高密度ポリエチレンシ−ト、低密度ポリエチレンシ−ト、塩素化ポリエチレンシ−ト、ポリウレタンシ−ト、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体シ−ト等の合成樹脂系などが採用できる。
【００２０】
なお、遮水シートを用いた止水工法に用いる止水材としては、ベントナイトが最適である。ベントナイトは水和すると膨潤して極めて不透水性の高い材質となる性質をもち、このため軟質の合成樹脂系、ゴム系遮水シートと異なり、遮水シートが破損しても、ベントナイトが膨潤し空隙を埋め防水機能を持つことが知られている。またベントナイトは水を吸水し膨張した時の液性限界が高いため、ベントナイトの上の保護層の荷重、貯水している水の重量等積載荷重により、破断した穴をベントナイトが流動化し、塞ぎ、自己防水層復元機能をもつことが知られている。しかしベントナイトは上下から又は左右両サイドからコンクリ−ト又は土で拘束（固定）された中で、はじめて防水機能、自己防水層復元機能を発揮し、ベントナイトの下の基盤が空隙の大きい砕石、石、砂層があると、ベントナイトが水によって長期的に渡って希釈（溶解）して流亡し、ベントナイトの層がなくなり、防水機能を発揮しなくなる危険がある。この発明では、ベントナイトをスラリ−又は泥水化することによりそのスラリ−又は泥水化したベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水を高低差の圧力又はポンプ圧によって遮水シートの各区画内に供給することで防水機能を常に持たせているものである。
【００２１】
ベントナイトは他の粘土粒子を分散させることは周知の事実であり、ベントナイトの中のナトリウムイオンを携えたモンモリロナイトが他の粘土鉱物粒子、たとえばカオリナイト粒子などに吸着することにより、静電気的反発力（電気２重層の重なりによる反発力）が増大し、分散、再配向して沈着し透水性を抑制することが知られている。これらベントナイトが持つ機能によりベントナイト等の泥水又はスラリ−状の止水材が浸透した地盤は不透水化し、ベントナイト等の泥水又はスラリ−状の止水材は土粒子に付着し薄くて強い泥膜（マッドケーキ）を作り、泥膜を形成することにより止水壁を作り、止水材自身の流亡を自ら止め止水材の垂れ流しを防止するものである。
【００２２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明の実施の形態について図面を用いて詳細に説明する。
【００２３】
図１は、この発明にかかる遮水シートの破損部検出方法及び止水方法を採用しつつ底面全域に遮水シートを敷設した池または廃棄物処分場の一例を示す略示断面図である。すなわち、池または廃棄物処分場は、例えば山間部等における広大な敷地を凹状に掘削形成したもので、廃棄物が投入される凹部の底面をあらかじめ整地転圧して防水基盤１となし、その上に、遮水シート２を敷設し、保護層３を積層し、しかる後にて廃棄物を投棄して埋め立てて行くものである。
【００２４】
遮水シート２は下層シート２ａと上層シート２ｂとからなる二重構造をしており、内部を多数の区画に分割して各々の区画内と地上の止水材供給源とを連結してスラリー状の止水材を充填して防水層４を形成している。地上の止水材供給源には、泥水タンク５、流量計６、ポンプ７、電磁弁８、液面計９などが設置され、各々の区画内とは連通管１０を介して連結される。この連通管は、各区画内においては、有孔プラスチック管等の可撓性有孔管とし、区画内全体にスラリー状の止水材が充填されるようにする。また、各区画内には砕石、レンガ、ブロック、ブロック状発泡プラスチック品等の充填材１１を充填するか、あるいは熱可塑性プラスチック又はアルミ板、ステンレス板、鉄板等を凹凸状、波板状、筒状等の立体状に成形加工した充填材１２を敷設する。
【００２５】
下層シート及び上層シートは、例えば軟質の合成樹脂あるいはゴム系のシート材料で製作されるものであるが、一枚ものとして広大な廃棄物処分場の全底面領域を一度に覆うことは施工上困難であるため、作業現場において、施工に適した所定の大きさの単位シ−トを、例えば溶着や接着剤を介した圧着により、その端部を接合部として互いに重ね合わせて接合し、廃棄物処分場の底面を覆い得る大きさに一体化するものとする。
【００２６】
これらの施工が終われば、あらかじめ地上部にてスラリー状の止水材、例えばベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水をミキサ−で作液し、地上部に設置した泥水タンク５に貯蔵する。次に、ポンプ７にてあらかじめ計算された空隙量に対して、流量計６にてベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水の流量を測定しながら充填を開始する。所定の量になった時点で電磁弁８を閉める。この時点で、遮水シート２に破損箇所があった場合は、ベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水が流出するため、直ちに目視により確認がなされ修復をおこなう。すべてのシ−トの接合部の修復が終り、または破損が無いことが確認がなされた後、遮水シ−ト２上部に保護層３を積層し、この後電磁弁８を解放し、漏水検知を開始する。漏水の検知はベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水の液面の変動を液面計９によって測定することによってできる。液面計９にはベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水が空気と接触し乾燥し流動化を損なわないようにオイル等で封印しておくのが好ましい。また微量な漏水を検知するために液面計の管径を細くする。このオイル等で封印の行われた液面差を毎日又は決められた日に目視計測することにより漏水の発生を検知する。またレベルセンサ−を設置しておけば自動的に警告を発し漏水を知らせることができる。ある一定以上の漏水が発生した場合、レベルセンサ−によって検知してベントナイト泥水タンク９に接続された電磁弁を解放することにより、ベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水の補給を開始することができる。
【００２７】
なお、ポンプ、電磁弁等を使用せず、地上部との高低差に圧力を利用してスラリー状の止水材を遮水シートの各区画内に充填・補給することもできる。
【００２８】
このように遮水シートを区画分割して、各区画内にスラリー状の止水材を地上の止水材供給源と連結して充填しておけば、遮水シートの破損によって生じる止水材の漏水を止水材供給源における止水材のレベル変化により検知可能であり、多数の区画に分割されることにより破損箇所を容易に特定することができる。また、常に充填・補給可能としておけば、遮水シートの破損時、止水材が遮水シートまたは地盤に浸透して止水層を形成するので、廃棄物処分場からの汚水の漏出はもちろん、止水材自身の流亡も阻止され止水材の垂れ流しも防止できる。
【００２９】
図２に示した例は、スラリー状止水材の含水比を低下させ得るようにした施工例で、スラリー状止水材例えばベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水の逸泥が長期化される場合は、あらかじめ別途各区画内と地上の真空ポンプ１３とを連結して敷設した通気管１４を介して各区画内の空気及び水を吸引することによって、ベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水に含まれる含水比を低下させベントナイトの流動化を止めるようにしたものである。通気管１４はベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水自体を吸引しないように、不織布、濾紙、網、等を介在させることが好ましい。
【００３０】
また通気管１４を通して炭酸ガス等を吹き込みベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水を凝集させてから、再度真空ポンプにて通気管内部の空気を吸引しベントナイトスラリ−又はベントナイト泥水に含まれる含水比を低下させベントナイトの流動化を止めることもできる。
【００３１】
図３ないし図８は、遮水シートの各区画内に充填される充填材の例と、区画を構成する隔壁例を示したもので、図３では各区画内において充填された砕石、レンガ、ブロック、ブロック状発泡プラスチック品等の充填材１１を示している。また、図４では隔壁１５によって区画された内部に砕石、レンガ、ブロック、ブロック状発泡プラスチック品等の充填材１１が充填された例を示している。図５では隔壁１５によって区画された内部に熱可塑性プラスチック又はアルミ板、ステンレス板、鉄板等を凹凸状に成形した充填材１２が敷設されている。また、図６では隔壁１５によって区画された内部に熱可塑性プラスチック又はアルミ板、ステンレス板、鉄板等を波板状に成形した充填材１２が敷設されている。さらに図７では、隔壁１５によって区画された内部に熱可塑性プラスチック又はアルミ板、ステンレス板、鉄板等によって成形した多隔壁資材が充填材１２として敷設されている。また、図８では熱可塑性プラスチック又はアルミ板、ステンレス板、鉄板等を筒状に成形した充填材１２が敷設されている。
【００３２】
【発明の効果】
以上詳細に説明したように、この発明による池又は廃棄物処分場等の止水施工面に敷設される遮水シートの破損部検出方法によれば、遮水シートの破損個所から止水材が流出した量により漏水が起きた現象を地上部で定量的に見ることができ、また、止水材は多数の区画に分割された中に充填されているため、区画されることにより破損箇所を容易に特定することができる。
【００３３】
また、各区画における破損箇所はスラリー状止水材によって補修されるので、廃棄物処分場における汚水の漏出を防止することができ、また、止水材自体の漏出も防止することができる。
【００３４】
従って、この発明に係る遮水シートの破損部検出方法及び遮水シートを用いた止水工法を利用すれば、現場において簡易、迅速かつ容易に検知作業を行なうことができるとともに、欠損箇所を精度良く瞬時に検知、特定することができ破損状態を検知後すなわち汚染水が外部に流出する前に破損箇所を止水することができ、さらに同一区間が再度漏水しても何度も破損箇所を検知することができる。また、補修に要した分のベントナイト等の泥水又はスラリ−状の止水材は、地上部で任意の時に作液しかつ補給でき、またあらかじめタンク等にて貯蔵することもできる。従って廃棄物処分場における汚水の漏出管理に用いた場合、廃棄物処分場の安全性及び信頼性を長期的に渡って向上することができる遮水シートの破損部検出方法を及び遮水シートを用いた止水工法を提供し得たのである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明に係る遮水シートの破損部検出方法及び止水方法を廃棄物処分場に採用した一例を示す概略断面図
【図２】この発明に係る遮水シートの破損部検出方法及び止水方法の他例を示す概略断面図
【図３】この発明で使用する遮水シートの内部構造例の一例を示す。
【図４】この発明で使用する遮水シートの内部構造例の他例を示す。
【図５】同遮水シートの内部構造例の他の例を示す。
【図６】同遮水シートの内部構造例のさらに他の例を示す。
【図７】同遮水シートの内部構造例のさらにまた他の例を示す。
【図８】同遮水シートの内部構造例のまたさらに他の例を示す。
【符号の説明】
１…遮水シート２ａ…下層シート２ｂ…上層シート
５…泥水タンク１０…連通管１１、１２…充填材
１３…真空ポンプ１４…通気管[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for detecting a defect portion of a water shielding sheet, and relates to a water shielding sheet for detecting a defect portion of a water shielding sheet that is laid in a pond or a waste disposal site and prevents leakage of wastewater from waste. It is related with the water stop construction method using a damaged part detection method and a water-proof sheet.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in a landfill-type waste disposal site where industrial waste and general waste are dumped, in order to prevent sewage leaking from the disposal site from penetrating underground and causing environmental pollution, It is obliged to carry out construction. As such a water-blocking work, a method of laying a soft synthetic resin-based or rubber-based water-blocking sheet is employed from the viewpoints of certainty, safety, workability, economy, and the like. And since these water-impervious sheets are difficult in construction to cover the bottom surface of a waste disposal site having a large area with a single water-impervious sheet at a time, it is necessary to weld a plurality of divided sheets at the site. A method of laying so as to cover the entire bottom surface of the waste disposal site with the water shielding sheet is adopted by joining and integrating the end portions thereof by pressure bonding or adhesive bonding.
[0003]
In addition to laying only soft synthetic resin and rubber sheets on the water shielding sheet, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,501,788, etc., between two flexible sheets, A swellable clay layer such as bentonite or a sheet encapsulating a water-absorbing resin is employed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the method of joining and integrating the plurality of the water shielding sheets in the field may cause poor bonding, and there is a problem that sewage may leak to the outside from a defective portion due to the poor bonding. In addition, there has been a problem that the water shielding sheet may be damaged after the pond water storage is completed, or during or after the landfill of the waste, and the sewage may leak out from the defective portion. Various methods have been proposed to detect such defects, and conventionally, vacuum, pressurization, and electrical detection systems have been proposed.
[0005]
However, these methods have a problem in that it is not possible to detect and identify a missing part simply and quickly on site. The detection and measurement method is based on electrical or mechanical methods. In the case of electricity, the detection system and the electrical short circuit due to cutting of the code that conveys the detected information, electrical leakage, corrosion, water, etc. Accurate information could not be obtained in the long term. Even if it can be detected, the leaked part was repaired by grout injection such as cement after the detection, that is, after the contaminated water flowed outside. In addition, when grout such as cement is injected for repair, all the injected space is solidified, so if water leaks in the next solidified section, the detection system will not work. .
[0006]
Therefore, the present invention has been made paying attention to such conventional problems, and can perform detection work simply, quickly and easily in the field, and can detect and identify a defective portion instantly with high accuracy. To provide a method for detecting breakage of a water shielding sheet that can be performed and to stop the breakage point after detecting the breakage state, that is, before contaminated water flows out, and even if the same section leaks again. It aims at providing the water stop construction method which can detect a broken part once again.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has been intensively studied. As a result, the inside of the double-layer water-proof sheet is divided into a large number of compartments, and the idea of filling each of the compartments with a slurry water-proof material has been obtained. .
[0008]
That is, the method for detecting a breakage portion of the water shielding sheet according to the present invention includes dividing the interior of the double-layer water shielding sheet composed of the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet into a number of sections, and stopping water in a pond or a waste disposal site. In addition to laying on the construction surface and connecting each of the compartments and the above-mentioned water-stopping material supply source to fill the slurry-like water-stopping material, the water-stopping material leaks due to breakage of the water shielding sheet It is a method for detecting a damaged portion of a water shielding sheet, which can be detected by a change in the level of a water stop material in a supply source.
[0009]
In addition, the waterproofing method using the waterproof sheet according to the present invention divides the interior of the double-layered waterproof sheet composed of the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet into a number of sections to stop the water in the pond or the waste disposal site. In addition to laying on the water construction surface, connecting each of the compartments with the above-mentioned water-stopping material supply source and filling with slurry-like water-stopping material, pressure due to the height difference from the above-ground part or forced pressurizing force such as a pump With the use of a water-insulating sheet, it is possible to always supply a water-stopping material to each compartment, and when the water-insulating sheet breaks, the water-insulating material penetrates into the water-insulating sheet or the ground to form a water-stopping layer. It is a still water construction method.
[0010]
Furthermore, as another waterproofing method, the inside of the double-layered water shielding sheet consisting of a lower layer sheet and an upper layer sheet is divided into a number of sections and laid on the surface of the water stoppage such as a pond or a waste disposal site. In addition, each of the compartments and the above-mentioned water-stopping material supply source are connected to be filled with a slurry-like water-stopping material, and each of the compartments and the above-described vacuum pump are connected to each other. By sucking water with a vacuum pump, the water content ratio of the slurry-like water-stopping material can be reduced, and the concentration can be increased to stop the fluidity.
[0011]
As a method of dividing the inside of the double-layer water-proof sheet composed of the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet into a plurality of sections, a plurality of sections are formed by pressure bonding around the plurality of sections to be divided into the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet. It is possible to divide into a plurality of sections by laying a multi-partition material consisting of a large number of open spaces in the double-layer water-proof sheet.
[0012]
It is desirable to fill each compartment divided into a large number with a filler such as multi-partition material, crushed stone, brick, block, block-shaped foamed plastic article. As the filler, a thermoplastic or aluminum plate, stainless steel plate, iron plate or the like formed into a three-dimensional shape such as an uneven shape, a corrugated plate shape, a cylindrical shape, etc., can be laminated at an arbitrary height. As the thermoplastic, ionomer, aminopolyacrylamide, isabtyrene maleic anhydride copolymer, AAS, AES, AS, ABA, ACS, MBS, ethylene vinyl chloride copolymer, high density polyethylene, and the like can be used.
[0013]
As the waterstop material, montmorillonite genus bentonite, beidellite, nontronite, saponite, hectorite and holmite attapulgite, sepiolite, vermiculite, illite, kaolinite, halloysite, gibbsite, hematite, allophane, imogolite, mica clay Natural products or synthetic products of clay minerals such as mineral, synthetic bentonite, zeolite, talc, chlorite, calcite, chlorite, or water-absorbing resin can be used.
[0014]
A water-stopping material having a water permeability of 1 × 10 ⁻⁵ to 10 ⁻⁸ and having a water permeability of 1 × 10 ⁻⁵ to 10 ⁻⁸ is obtained by mixing 3 to 500 parts of a water-stopping material or a water-stopping material mixture with 100 parts of water. It can be preferably used as the waterstop material of the present invention.
[0015]
Propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol can be used as an antifreeze agent by adding and mixing 0.1 to 500 parts of waterstop material or waterstop material mixture, or a waterstop material dispersion material instead of water Can be used as
[0016]
As the mixed material for the water-stopping material, a dispersing material, a pH adjusting material, an antiseptic material, an anti-freezing material and the like can be used as appropriate, each in the range of 0.01 part to 50 parts per 100 parts of water. Or mix and add.
[0017]
For the purpose of lowering the viscosity of the water-stopping material and providing fluidity, polycarboxylic acid compounds, tripolyphosphate compounds, sulfosoda, humic acid soda, lignin sulfonic acid soda compounds, humic acid soda -Da complex compounds, hexamitaric acid soda, sodium bicarbonate, sodium nitrate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate , Calcium carbonate, barium nitrate, barium chloride, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, or polycarboxylic acid, polyacrylate, diisobutylene and maleic acid copolymer salt, polystyrene sulfonate, naphthalylene sulfonate formalin Condensate, lignin sulfonic acid, melamine It can be used alone or in any combination of these acids.
[0018]
Examples of the pH adjusting material include soda carbonate, carbon dioxide, dilute sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid, caustic soda or sodium bicarbonate, and examples of the preservative include surfactants and organic amine compounds.
[0019]
The material of the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet is cotton, hemp, polyethylene, polyamide, polypropylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, nylon, polyester, polyacryl, etc. non-woven fabric or woven fabric, ethylene pumpi diene monomer fiber composite sheet Polyolefin elastomer synthetic rubber sheet or polyvinyl chloride fiber composite sheet, high density polyethylene sheet, low density polyethylene sheet, chlorinated polyethylene sheet, polyurethane sheet, ethylene vinyl acetate Synthetic resin systems such as copolymer sheets can be employed.
[0020]
In addition, bentonite is the most suitable as a water stop material used for the water stop construction method using a water shielding sheet. Bentonite has the property that it swells when hydrated, resulting in a material with extremely high water impermeability.Therefore, unlike soft synthetic resin and rubber water shielding sheets, bentonite swells even if the water shielding sheet breaks. It is known to fill the air gap and have a waterproof function. Also, bentonite has a high liquid limit when it absorbs water and expands, so the bentonite fluidizes and closes the broken hole due to the load of the protective layer on the bentonite, the weight of the water stored, etc. It is known to have a self-waterproof layer restoration function. However, when bentonite is constrained (fixed) by concrete or soil from above and below or from both the left and right sides, it exhibits a waterproof function and a self-waterproof layer restoration function for the first time. If there is a sand layer, bentonite will be diluted (dissolved) with water for a long time and run away, and there is a risk that the bentonite layer will disappear and the waterproof function will not be exhibited. In this invention, the bentonite is made into a slurry or muddy water, and the slurry or muddy bentonite slurry or bentonite muddy water is supplied into each section of the water-impervious sheet by the pressure difference or pump pressure. Is always given.
[0021]
It is a well-known fact that bentonite disperses other clay particles. When montmorillonite with sodium ions in bentonite is adsorbed to other clay mineral particles, such as kaolinite particles, electrostatic repulsion ( It is known that the repulsive force due to the overlap of the electric double layer is increased, and dispersed and reoriented to be deposited to suppress water permeability. Due to the function of these bentonites, the ground in which muddy water such as bentonite or slurry-like waterstop material has permeated has become impermeable, and muddy water such as bentonite or slurry-like waterstop material adheres to soil particles and is a thin and strong mud film. (Mud cake) is made, a water barrier is made by forming a mud film, and the runoff of the water-stopping material itself is stopped to prevent the water-stopping material from flowing down.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0023]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a pond or a waste disposal site in which a water shielding sheet is laid on the entire bottom surface while employing the method for detecting a damaged portion of a water shielding sheet and a water stopping method according to the present invention. That is, a pond or a waste disposal site is formed by, for example, excavating and forming a vast site in a mountainous area or the like into a concave shape. Further, the water shielding sheet 2 is laid, the protective layer 3 is laminated, and then the waste is dumped and landfilled.
[0024]
The water-impervious sheet 2 has a double structure composed of a lower layer sheet 2a and an upper layer sheet 2b. The interior is divided into a plurality of sections, and the interior of each section and the ground water-stopping material supply source are connected to form a slurry. The waterproof layer 4 is formed by filling a water-stop material. A muddy water tank 5, a flow meter 6, a pump 7, a solenoid valve 8, a liquid level meter 9, and the like are installed in the water-stopping material supply source on the ground, and are connected to each compartment through a communication pipe 10. The communication pipe is a flexible perforated pipe such as a perforated plastic pipe in each section so that the entire section is filled with a slurry-like water-stopping material. Each section is filled with a filler 11 such as crushed stone, brick, block, block-shaped foamed plastic, or the like, or thermoplastic plastic, aluminum plate, stainless steel plate, iron plate or the like is uneven, corrugated, cylindrical The filler 12 molded into a three-dimensional shape such as a shape is laid.
[0025]
The lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet are made of, for example, a soft synthetic resin or a rubber-based sheet material. However, it is difficult in terms of construction to cover the entire bottom area of a vast waste disposal site as a single sheet. Therefore, at the work site, unit sheets of a predetermined size suitable for construction are bonded to each other with the ends thereof being joined together by, for example, welding or crimping via an adhesive, and waste. It shall be integrated into a size that can cover the bottom of the disposal site.
[0026]
When these constructions are completed, a slurry-like water-stopping material, for example, bentonite slurry or bentonite mud is made in advance by a mixer and stored in a mud tank 5 installed on the ground. Next, filling is started while the flow rate of the bentonite slurry or bentonite mud water is measured by the flow meter 6 with respect to the gap amount calculated in advance by the pump 7. When the predetermined amount is reached, the solenoid valve 8 is closed. At this time, if there is a breakage in the water-impervious sheet 2, the bentonite slurry or bentonite mud flows out, so it is immediately confirmed by visual inspection and repaired. After repairing the joints of all the sheets or confirming that there is no damage, a protective layer 3 is laminated on the top of the water shielding sheet 2, and then the solenoid valve 8 is released to leak water. Start detection. The leakage of water can be detected by measuring the fluctuation in the liquid level of the bentonite slurry or bentonite mud with the liquid level gauge 9. The liquid level gauge 9 is preferably sealed with oil or the like so that the bentonite slurry or bentonite mud comes into contact with the air and dries to prevent fluidization. Also, in order to detect a small amount of water leakage, the pipe diameter of the liquid level gauge is reduced. The occurrence of water leakage is detected by visually measuring the liquid level difference sealed with oil or the like every day or on a predetermined day. In addition, if a level sensor is installed, a warning can be automatically issued to notify water leakage. When water leakage of a certain level or more occurs, replenishment of bentonite slurry or bentonite mud water can be started by releasing a solenoid valve connected to the bentonite mud water tank 9 as detected by a level sensor.
[0027]
In addition, without using a pump, a solenoid valve, etc., it is also possible to fill and replenish the slurry-like water-stopping material in each section of the water-impervious sheet by using pressure for the height difference from the ground part.
[0028]
In this way, if the water-blocking sheet is divided into sections and the slurry-like water-stopping material is connected and filled with the water-stopping material supply source on the ground, the water-stopping material generated by the breakage of the water-blocking sheet. The water leakage can be detected by the level change of the water stop material in the water stop material supply source, and the broken portion can be easily identified by being divided into a large number of sections. In addition, if it can be always filled and replenished, when the water shielding sheet breaks, the water blocking material penetrates the water blocking sheet or the ground to form a water blocking layer, so of course leakage of sewage from the waste disposal site Also, the water-stopping material itself can be prevented from flowing out and the water-stopping material can be prevented from dripping.
[0029]
The example shown in FIG. 2 is a construction example in which the water content ratio of the slurry water-stopping material can be lowered, and when the slurry water-stopping material, for example, bentonite slurry or bentonite mud water loss is prolonged, The moisture content contained in the bentonite slurry or bentonite mud is reduced by sucking the air and water in each compartment through a vent pipe 14 that is separately laid and connected to the vacuum pump 13 on the ground. And bentonite fluidization is stopped. The vent pipe 14 preferably has a non-woven fabric, a filter paper, a net or the like interposed so as not to suck bentonite slurry or bentonite mud water itself.
[0030]
Also, carbon dioxide gas or the like is blown through the vent pipe 14 to agglomerate bentonite slurry or bentonite mud, and then the air inside the vent pipe is sucked again by a vacuum pump to reduce the water content contained in the bentonite slurry or bentonite mud. Can also be stopped.
[0031]
FIG. 3 to FIG. 8 show examples of the filler filled in each section of the water-impervious sheet and examples of partition walls constituting the section. In FIG. 3, crushed stones, bricks filled in each section, A filler 11 such as a block or a block-like foamed plastic article is shown. FIG. 4 shows an example in which a filler 11 such as a crushed stone, a brick, a block, or a block-like foamed plastic product is filled in the interior partitioned by the partition wall 15. In FIG. 5, a filler 12 in which a thermoplastic plastic, an aluminum plate, a stainless steel plate, an iron plate or the like is formed in a concavo-convex shape is laid inside the partition wall 15. In FIG. 6, a filler 12 formed by corrugating a thermoplastic plastic, an aluminum plate, a stainless steel plate, an iron plate, or the like is laid inside the partition wall 15. Further, in FIG. 7, a multi-partition material molded by a thermoplastic plastic, an aluminum plate, a stainless steel plate, an iron plate, or the like is laid as the filler 12 inside the compartment partitioned by the partition 15. Moreover, in FIG. 8, the filler 12 which shape | molded the thermoplastic plastic or the aluminum board, the stainless steel board, the iron plate, etc. in the cylinder shape is laid.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the method for detecting a damaged portion of a waterproof sheet laid on a waterproofing construction surface such as a pond or a waste disposal site according to the present invention, the waterproof material is provided from the damaged part of the waterproof sheet. The phenomenon of water leakage due to the amount of the spilled water can be seen quantitatively on the ground, and the water-stopping material is packed in a number of sections, so that the breakage points can be detected by partitioning. Can be easily identified.
[0033]
Moreover, since the damaged part in each division is repaired with the slurry-like water stop material, the leakage of the sewage in the waste disposal site can be prevented, and the water stop material itself can also be prevented from leaking.
[0034]
Therefore, if the method for detecting a damaged portion of the impermeable sheet and the waterproofing method using the impermeable sheet according to the present invention are utilized, the detection operation can be performed easily, quickly and easily at the site, and the defective portion can be accurately detected. It is possible to detect and identify well and instantly, stop the damaged part after detecting the damaged state, that is, before the contaminated water flows out, and even if the same section leaks again, Can be detected. In addition, muddy water such as bentonite or slurry-like water-stopping material required for repairing can be made and replenished at any time on the ground, and can also be stored in advance in a tank or the like. Therefore, when used for the management of sewage leakage at a waste disposal site, there is a method for detecting a damaged part of a water shielding sheet and a water shielding sheet that can improve the safety and reliability of the waste disposal site over the long term. The water stop method used could be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example in which a method for detecting a damaged portion of a water shielding sheet and a water stopping method according to the present invention are adopted in a waste disposal site. FIG. 2 is a method for detecting a damaged portion of a water shielding sheet according to the present invention. And FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the water stop method.
FIG. 4 shows another example of the internal structure example of the water shielding sheet used in the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows another example of the internal structure of the water shielding sheet.
FIG. 6 shows still another example of the internal structure of the water shielding sheet.
FIG. 7 shows still another example of the internal structure of the water shielding sheet.
FIG. 8 shows still another example of an internal structure example of the water shielding sheet.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Water shielding sheet 2a ... Lower layer sheet 2b ... Upper layer sheet 5 ... Muddy water tank 10 ... Communication pipe 11, 12 ... Filler 13 ... Vacuum pump 14 ... Ventilation pipe

Claims

By crimping and joining the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet around a plurality of sections to be divided, the inside of the double-layer water shielding sheet composed of the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet is divided into a plurality of sections, and the water shielding sheet is ponded. Or, laying on the waterstop construction surface of a waste disposal site, etc., and connecting each of the compartments with the groundwater supply source on the ground to fill the slurry waterstop, resulting in damage to the water shielding sheet A method for detecting a damaged portion of a water shielding sheet, wherein leakage of the water stopping material can be detected by a change in the level of the water stopping material in the water stopping material supply source.

By laying a multi-partition material consisting of a large number of hollow structures inside the double-layer water-proof sheet consisting of a lower layer sheet and an upper layer sheet, the interior of the water-proof sheet is divided into a number of compartments, The sheet is laid on the water-stopping surface of the pond or waste disposal site, etc., and the water-stopping material supply source on the ground is connected to each compartment and filled with a slurry-like water-stopping material. A method for detecting a damaged portion of a water shielding sheet, wherein leakage of the water blocking material caused by breakage can be detected by a change in the level of the water blocking material in the water blocking material supply source.

By crimping and joining the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet around a plurality of sections to be divided, the inside of the double-layer water shielding sheet composed of the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet is divided into a plurality of sections, and the water shielding sheet is ponded. Or lay it on the water stoppage construction surface of a waste disposal site, etc., connect each of the compartments and the water supply source on the ground, and fill it with a slurry water stop material. It is always possible to refill the water-blocking material in each section by pressure or forced pressure such as a pump, and when the water-blocking sheet breaks, the water-blocking material will permeate the water-blocking sheet or the ground to form a water blocking layer Water-stop method using a water-proof sheet.

By laying a multi-partition material consisting of a large number of hollow structures inside the double-layer water-proof sheet consisting of a lower layer sheet and an upper layer sheet, the interior of the water-proof sheet is divided into a number of compartments, The sheet is laid on the surface of the water stoppage such as a pond or a waste disposal site, and the inside of each section is connected to the water supply source on the ground and filled with a slurry water stop material. It is always possible to replenish a water-stopping material in each section by the pressure due to the height difference or the forced pressure of the pump, etc., and when the water-proof sheet breaks, the water-proof material penetrates the water-proof sheet or the ground and forms a water blocking layer A water-stop method using a water-proof sheet designed to be formed.

The double-layered water-insulating sheet consisting of a lower layer sheet and an upper layer sheet is divided into a number of sections and laid on the water-stopping construction surface of a pond or a waste disposal site. By connecting the material supply source and filling the slurry-like water stop material, separately connecting the inside of each compartment and the vacuum pump on the ground, and sucking the air and water in each compartment with a vacuum pump, A water-stop method using a water-blocking sheet characterized in that the water content ratio of a slurry-like water-stopping material is reduced and the concentration is increased to stop fluidity.

By crimping and joining the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet around a plurality of sections to be divided, the inside of the double-layer water shielding sheet composed of the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet is divided into a plurality of sections, and the water shielding sheet is ponded. Or laying on the water stoppage construction surface of a waste disposal site, etc., and connecting each of the compartments with the above-mentioned waterstop supply source to fill the slurry waterstop, It is characterized by connecting the ground vacuum pump and sucking the air and water in each compartment with the vacuum pump, thereby reducing the water content ratio of the slurry-like water stopping material and increasing the concentration to stop the fluidity. Water stop method using a water shielding sheet.

By laying a multi-partition material consisting of a large number of void structures inside the double-layer water-impervious sheet consisting of a lower layer sheet and an upper-layer sheet, the interior of the water-impervious sheet is divided into a number of compartments, In addition to laying the sheet on the water-stopping construction surface of a pond or a waste disposal site, etc., each of the compartments and the ground water-stopping material supply source are connected and filled with a slurry-like water-stopping material. By connecting the vacuum pumps in the compartment and the ground, and sucking air and water in each compartment with the vacuum pump, the water content ratio of the slurry-like water-stopping material is lowered and the fluidity is stopped by increasing the concentration. Water-stop method using a water shielding sheet characterized by

The method for detecting a damaged portion of a water shielding sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a filler such as a multi-partition material, crushed stone, brick, block, block-shaped foamed plastic product or the like is filled in each of the divided sections.

The water stop construction method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein a filler such as a multi-partition material, crushed stone, brick, block, block-shaped foamed plastic product or the like is filled in each of the divided sections.

In each section divided into a large number, a thermoplastic or aluminum plate, stainless steel plate, iron plate, etc., is laminated to a desired height with a three-dimensional shape such as rugged, corrugated, cylindrical, etc. The method for detecting a damaged portion of a water shielding sheet according to claim 1 or 2 .

In each section divided into a large number, a thermoplastic or aluminum plate, stainless steel plate, iron plate, etc., is laminated to a desired height with a three-dimensional shape such as rugged, corrugated, cylindrical, etc. The water stop construction method according to any one of claims 3 to 7 .

The water-stopping material is montmorillonite bentonite, beidellite, nontronite, saponite, hectorite or holmite attapulgite, sepiolite, vermiculite, illite, kaolinite, halloysite, gibbsite, hematite, allophane, imogolite, mica clay mineral The method for detecting a damaged portion of a water shielding sheet according to claim 1 or 2, which is a natural product or synthetic product of clay minerals such as synthetic bentonite, zeolite, talc, chlorite, calcite, chlorite, or a water absorbent resin.

The water-stopping material is montmorillonite bentonite, beidellite, nontronite, saponite, hectorite or holmite attapulgite, sepiolite, vermiculite, illite, kaolinite, halloysite, gibbsite, hematite, allophane, imogolite, mica clay mineral The waterstop method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, which is a natural product or synthetic product of clay minerals such as synthetic bentonite, zeolite, talc, chlorite, calcite and chlorite, or a water-absorbing resin.

A water-stopping material having a water permeability of 1 × 10 ⁻⁵ to 10 ^{−8 in} a water-impermeable slurry is used by adding 3 to 500 parts of a water-stopping material or a water-stopping material mixture to 100 parts of water. The method for detecting a damaged portion of a water shielding sheet according to claim 1 .

A water-stopping material having a water permeability of 1 × 10 ⁻⁵ to 10 ^{−8 in} a water-impermeable slurry is used by adding 3 to 500 parts of a water-stopping material or a water-stopping material mixture to 100 parts of water. The water stop construction method in any one of Claims 3-7 .

The method for detecting a damaged portion of a water shielding sheet according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol are added and mixed in an amount of 0.1 to 500 parts to the water-stopping material or water-stopping material mixture.

The waterproofing method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol are added and mixed in an amount of 0.1 to 500 parts to the waterproofing material or the waterproofing material mixture.

A double-layer water-proof sheet comprising a lower layer sheet and an upper layer sheet, the water-proof sheet is divided into a plurality of sections, and the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet are pressure-bonded around the divided sections. In addition to laying a water-blocking sheet in which a large number of bags are formed on a water-stopping construction surface such as a pond or a waste disposal site, a slurry-like stop is formed in the bag via a communication pipe connected to each bag. A method for detecting a breakage portion of a water shielding sheet, characterized by making it possible to detect a leakage of the water blocking material caused by breakage of the water shielding sheet by filling the water material through a change in the level of the water blocking material through a communication pipe. .

A double-layer water-proof sheet comprising a lower layer sheet and an upper layer sheet, the water-proof sheet is divided into a plurality of sections, and the lower layer sheet and the upper layer sheet are pressure-bonded around the divided sections. In addition to laying a water-blocking sheet in which a large number of bags are formed on a water-stopping construction surface such as a pond or a waste disposal site, a slurry-like stop is formed in the bag via a communication pipe connected to each bag. The water-insulating sheet is characterized by being able to refill the water-stopping material at all times by pressure due to the height difference from the ground part or forced pressure when the water-stopping material leaks due to breakage of the water-proofing sheet. Water stop method using