JP3745990B2

JP3745990B2 - Go frame material, structure using the same, and construction method thereof

Info

Publication number: JP3745990B2
Application number: JP2001260444A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 耕一多田
Original assignee: サン商工株式会社
Priority date: 2000-09-01
Filing date: 2001-08-29
Publication date: 2006-02-15
Anticipated expiration: 2021-08-29
Also published as: JP2002146747A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は土石等を囲繞して護岸や堤防、道路、住宅地等の法面、護床工、魚礁等に使用され、又、立体状又は箱状等に組み立てることにより家庭用のガーデニング資材等に使用される囲繞枠材及びそれを用いた構築物、並びにその施工方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、構築物の１種である護岸等の法面の斜面の安定を図る手段として、コンクリート製法枠等が使用されてきた。
しかしながら、近年、護岸による河川域での自然の消滅などが問題視されるようになってきており、草本類やコケ類等の自然生物の発生を可能とする護岸が研究されている。このような護岸においては、護岸の法面に草本類やコケ類等の自然生物を発生させるため、鉄線籠や鋳田籠等により法面に砕石を固定させ、固定した砕石間に土砂を堆積させることにより、草本類やコケ類等の自然生物の発生が促されるように構成されている。
【０００３】
また、土石囲繞枠材は、護岸に限らず、堤防、道路、住宅地等の法面や、護床工、魚礁等においても広く使用されている。
【０００４】
従来の土石囲繞枠材としては、特開平８−２７７５８号公報（以下、イ号公報と呼ぶ）に「剛製の柱材が四隅に配置され、各柱材の端部を連結する横材とで主枠体が形成され、主枠体の各面にスクリーン材が配置されて成る枠組みの中に石材が詰め込まれ、隣り合う枠組みはガセットプレート等を用いて連結される剛製枠において、枠組みのうち少なくとも隣り合う枠組と連結される面のスクリーン材は、内部に詰め込まれた石材のはみ出しを吸収可能な寸法だけ内側へ凹んだ逆はらみ形状に形成されていることを特徴とする石詰め用剛製枠」が開示されている。
【０００５】
また、特開平１０−２７３９０９号公報（以下、ロ号公報と呼ぶ）には「柱材と、同柱材の左右の端部を接続する水平材と、柱材の前後の端部を接続するつなぎ材とで直方体形状の骨格が作られ、その骨格の各面にスクリーン材が設けられた枠構造体ユニットが、河川又は山の谷部を横断する配置で水平方向及び垂直方向に隣接するもの同士を連結して設置され、その各枠構造体ユニットの中に石材が充填されて成る石詰め堰堤において、透水率の低い透水板が枠構造体ユニットの内部に水の流れ方向に対して垂直又は少し傾斜した配置で設けられていることを特徴とする、枠構造の石詰め堰堤」が開示されている。
【０００６】
また、特開平１１−１１７２５５号公報（以下、ハ号公報と呼ぶ）には「棒鋼を格子状に接合したものからなる底面金鋼、複数の側面金網および蓋面金網を、箱形に組み立てたものからなる鋼製籠枠において、前記側面金網の側面側端部棒鋼に鋼管を固定し、前記鋼管は、前記側面金網の側面側端部同士を連結して箱形に組み立てたときに連結部で互いに重なり合わないように互いに位置をずらして、且つ、管軸が同軸となるように設けられており、前記側面金網を箱形に組み立て、管軸が同軸となっている前記鋼管に結合棒を挿入して結合することにより前記側面金網の側面側端部同士が連結されてなることを特徴とする鋼製籠枠」が開示されている。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら上記従来の技術では、以下のような課題を有していた。
（１）イ号公報及びロ号公報並びにハ号公報に記載の技術は、枠組みの形状が固定されており、現場の形状に合わせて施工することが困難である。従って、河川中流域から上流域の法面を形成する場合のように、施工現場に障害物が多く曲面状の法面を形成する必要がある場合、現場の状況に適合して変形させることが困難である。
（２）イ号公報及びロ号公報に記載の技術は、ガゼットプレートや受け金具等の剛製枠を連結する連結材を必要とするため、施工作業が繁雑となると同時に、連結部の強度を強くすることが困難である。
（３）イ号公報及びロ号公報に記載の技術は、枠組みが施工前に形成されており、連結材がなくとも石材等を充填させることができるため、施工時に、一部の連結部に連結材を取り付け忘れる可能性がある。また、法面のように積み重ねて施工された場合、連結材の取り付け忘れを施工後に検査することが困難であり、完成検査ができず安全性に欠ける。
（４）ハ号公報に記載の技術は、底面金網、側面金網、蓋面金網で箱形に組み立てられるので、内部に充填された石材や土砂等により歪や破損が生じ易く、歪や破損が生じた鋼製籠枠を並設するのは困難であり、施工性に劣る。
（５）ハ号公報に記載の技術は、部材点数が多く、格子状の棒鋼同士の当接部等溶接箇所が多く、生産性に劣る。
（６）ハ号公報に記載の技術は、丸鋼管が鋼製籠枠の平面部と面一に配設されていないため、段積みができず、運搬時や収納時に場所を取る。
（７）ハ号公報に記載の技術は、嵌め込み部材を底面側金網に垂直に溶接しなければならず、更に自立用棒鋼を嵌め込み部材に嵌め込んで側面金網が垂直に自立できるように、自立用棒鋼を側面側金網に溶接しなければならないので、生産性に劣る。
【０００８】
本発明は上記従来の課題を解決するもので、施工現場の状況に合わせて施工することが可能であり、少ない部材点数で生産性に優れるとともに在庫管理が容易であり、施工時に作業者が各部材を連結し忘れることがなく、施工精度に優れるとともに短時間で施工することができ、かつ規格化が容易で保管性や搬送性に優れた土石等の囲繞枠材を提供すること、及び様々な形状に構築することができるので汎用性に優れ、少ない連結部材で強度が強く耐久性に優れた構築物を提供すること、並びに１〜２人の少人数で短時間で施工することができ、省力化に優れ、施工ミスが少なく、工期を著しく短縮できる構築物の施工方法を提供することを目的とする。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために本発明の囲繞枠材及びそれを用いた構築物、並びにその施工方法は、以下の構成を有している。
【００１０】
本発明の請求項１に記載の囲繞枠材は、正方形のパネル本体と、前記パネル本体の各々の辺が、一端側から順に分割域Ｒ１〜Ｒ８の８分割された分割域を有し、前記各辺の２個の前記分割域に形設又は配設された継手と、を備え、各辺の前記継手が、４辺の内第１の辺ではＲ１，Ｒ５の分割域に、第２の辺ではＲ２，Ｒ６の分割域に、第３の辺ではＲ３，Ｒ７の分割域に、第４の辺ではＲ４，Ｒ８の分割域に形設又は配設され、かつ、前記継手が前記辺の長さ方向と平行に中央部に貫通孔を有し、前記貫通孔が同軸に形成されている構成を有している。
【００１１】
この構成により、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）囲繞枠材の各々の継手は各々の辺の外周部の異なる分割域に形設又は配設されているので、囲繞枠材を連結させる場合に継手同士が重なり合わずに貫通孔を同軸に配置することが容易であり、これらの貫通孔に棒状又は管状の挿設部材を挿設することにより、上下左右に無限に囲繞枠材を連結させていくことができる。
（２）パネル本体は正方形であり、囲繞枠材の形状は、上下左右を逆にしても、継手が形設又は配設されている分割域が変わるだけなので、施工する際に、配設方向を気にする必要がなく、施工性に優れるとともに施工ミスを防止することができる。
（３）囲繞枠材の各々の継手は各々の辺において、異なる分割域に形設又は配設されているので、囲繞枠材の配置の仕方は、４辺の何れか一辺を所定の位置に配置する場合と裏表を逆にして４辺の何れか一辺を所定の位置に配置する場合の８通りがあり、他の囲繞枠材に連結させる継手を適宜選択することができるので、施工性に優れる。
（４）１種類の囲繞枠材の各々の外周部の継手を連結させていくことによって構築物を構築していくことができるので、囲繞枠材は１種類のみを生産すればよく生産性に優れるとともに在庫管理が容易である。
（５）永久的な土木構築物を一種類の囲繞枠材と継手の貫通孔に挿入して上下左右を連結させる挿設部材だけで施工でき、部品点数が従来のものと比べ著しく少ないので生産性に優れる。
（６）一種類の囲繞枠材を辺の位置を変えるだけで、継手を介して無限に連設できるので、土木の設計の自在性に優れるだけでなく、施工が極めて容易で施工性、作業性に優れる。
（７）囲繞枠材の４辺の互いに位置の異なる分割域に継手を各々有しているので、１つの囲繞枠材の上下左右前後に他の囲繞枠材を挿設部材で連結し、各種構築物を建造できる。
（８）継手は、１辺につき２分割域ずつにある程度離れて形設又は配設されているので、囲繞枠材同士を連結させる際に、重なり合わない継手が配設された辺をすぐに見つけることができ、施工性に優れ、また、２分割域の継手で連結させるので、囲繞枠材同士を強固に連結させることができる。
（９）継手は、各々の辺において互いに同数の２つの分割域に略均等に形設又は配設されているので、各々の辺を連結させた場合に連結強度の偏りがなく、構築物を構成した場合に各々の継手に荷重が略均等にかかり、耐久性に優れるとともに、大きな石等の衝突等の衝撃耐えることができ耐衝撃性や安全性に優れる。
（１０）２つの分割域の継手で連結させるので、囲繞枠材同士を強固に連結させることができ、継手間の連結強度が大きく耐震性に優れる。
【００１２】
ここで、各囲繞枠材は鋳鉄等の鋳物の鋳造物、ステンレス等の耐腐食性鋼材やコンクリート、ＦＲＰ、ＦＲＴＰ、合成樹脂やフィラーとの複合樹脂、アルミニウム等で作製される。特に、鋳造物で一体に成型すると規格化、標準化を行うことが容易であり、高品質のものを低原価で量産できるので好ましい。また、鋳鉄の鋳造物で一体に成型した場合、機械的強度に優れるだけでなく水中での酸化が遅く耐久性が著しく向上し、半永久的に使用することができる。
【００１３】
パネル本体としては、構築物の枠内に石材や土嚢を充填する場合には、開口幅が１０〜２００ｍｍ、好ましくは５０〜１５０ｍｍ程度の、格子状、多孔板状等の開口部を形成すると、重量を軽減化できるだけでなく、省資源化を図ることができる。法面などにおいて土砂を内部に充填する場合には、パネル本体は開口のない平板状、若しくは水抜き穴が１乃至複数形設された板状に形成される。
また、パネル本体の大きさは囲繞枠材の用途や充填される石材や土壌によって適宜選択され、１辺の長さが２００〜３６００ｍｍ、好ましくは４００〜９００ｍｍのものが用いられる。１辺の長さが４００ｍｍより小さい場合は、家庭用や公園や学校等の公共施設等の小口に好適に使用される。４００〜９００ｍｍのものは河川、法面等の土留工や擁壁、漁礁に好適に使用できる。３６００ｍｍを越えると輸送面で問題があるが、大型漁礁等に好適に使用できる。なお、１辺の長さが２００ｍｍより小さい囲繞枠材は、樹脂成形して家庭用等のガーデニング資材等として用いることもできる。
【００１４】
継手はパネル本体の各辺の外周部に延設して形成又は配設固定されることが好ましい。継手が形設又は配設される分割域としては、例えば、各辺の分割域が４分割（分割域Ｒ１〜Ｒ４）されている場合は１辺につき１分割域ずつ（例えば、第１の辺は分割域Ｒ１に、第２の辺は分割域Ｒ２に、第３の辺は分割域Ｒ３に、第４の辺は分割域Ｒ４に）形設又は配設され、５分割や６分割されている場合は何れか１辺に２つ若しくは３つ（６分割）他の３辺に１つずつ形設又は配設というように、分割の数を増やすにつれ適宜各辺に増やして形設又は配設される。
継手のパネル本体の辺方向の長さは、軽量化を図るため強度の許す限り短くすることが好ましいが、分割域と略同様の長さであってもよい。また、継手は、１つの辺において、１分割域に複数形設又は配設してもよい。例えば、第１の辺の分割域Ｒ１に２つの継手を形設又は配設してもよい。このとき、分割域Ｒ１の両端部側に幅の狭い例えばリング状等の継手を２つ形設又は配設してもよい。これにより、強度を維持したまま軽量化を図ることができる。
継手の貫通孔の形状としては、円形や楕円形等の円筒状又は多角形（正三角形や正四角形、正六角形等）筒状に形成される。貫通孔を円筒状に形成した場合は、挿設部材の形状としては円柱状とすることがより好ましい。施工作業時に、一旦、各々の継手を挿設部材を挿設させ各囲繞枠材同士を連結させた後、施工現場の形状に合わせて各囲繞枠材の連結角度を自在に調整することが可能であるからである。
尚、魚礁や魚道等の構築に使用する場合のように、最初から構築する構築物の形状が長方形等に決まっている場合には、継手の形状として楕円筒状や方形筒状とし、挿設部材の形状として楕円柱状や方形柱状としてもよい。
【００１５】
挿設部材の形状としては、円柱状又は多角形（正三角形や正四角形、正六角形等）柱状に形成される。断面形状が三角形、四角形、六角形等多角形形状として、それに合わせて継手の貫通孔の形状を三角形、四角形、六角形等多角形形状としてもよい。これにより、連結する２つの囲繞枠材の連結角度を種々に設定して固定して構築できるため、施工現場の形状に合わせて自在に調整でき、その連結を強固にすることができる。また、挿設部材の一端部に外形を貫通孔の内径より大きく形成した抜け止め部を設けてもよい。これにより、挿設部材を貫通孔に挿設した後、抜け落ちることを防止することができる。なお、このとき、挿設部材を挿入する継手の貫通孔の開口縁部に、切欠きや段差等を設けてもよい。これにより、挿設部材を継手の貫通孔に挿設した際に、抜け止め部が貫通孔から突出することを防ぐことができる。
また、挿設部材の材質としては、ステンレス鋼や丸鋼、異形鉄筋等が用いられる。挿設部材の長さとしては、パネル本体の一辺と略同一の長さ、パネル本体の一辺の２倍に継手の幅を足した長さ、継手の幅の略２倍の長さ等が用いられ、構築物の形状や囲繞枠材の配設位置等によって適宜選択される。なお、連結する２つの囲繞枠材の同軸に配設された各々の継手が隣接し、各々の貫通孔が連通して配設される場合は、継手の幅の略２倍の長さの挿設部材を連通した２つの貫通孔に挿設することができ、この場合、挿設部材が短くてよいためコストを低減できる。
【００１８】
本発明の請求項２に記載の囲繞枠材は、正方形のパネル本体と、前記パネル本体の各々の辺が、一端側から順に分割域Ｒ’１〜Ｒ’３，あそび分割域，分割域Ｒ’４〜Ｒ’６に分割された分割域を有し、前記各辺の２個の前記分割域に形設又は配設された継手と、を備え、各辺の前記継手が、４辺の内第１の辺ではＲ’１，Ｒ’６の分割域に、第２の辺ではＲ’２，Ｒ’５の分割域に、第３の辺ではＲ’２，Ｒ’５の分割域に、第４の辺ではＲ’３，Ｒ’４の分割域に形設又は配設され、かつ、前記継手が前記辺の長さ方向と平行に中央部に貫通孔を有し、前記貫通孔が同軸に形成されている構成を有している。
【００１９】
この構成により、請求項１の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）あそび分割域を有し、囲繞枠材の各々の辺について、継手が辺の両端部側に各々１つ形設又は配設されるので、囲繞枠材同士の連結が辺の両端部側において行われ、少ない継手であっても連結を強固にすることができ、辺の中央部にのみ継手が形設又は配設されその部分において連結強度が低下することを防ぐことができる。
（２）囲繞枠材の各々の辺について、辺の中央に対して対称に継手が形設又は配設され、あそび分割域の両側が各々３つの分割域に分割され、囲繞枠材の４辺の内、あそび分割域の両側の３つの分割域の内の中央の分割域に継手を有しているものが２つあり、これらが対向する辺に配設されていないので、囲繞枠材を連結させる際に連結する辺の継手同士を必ず近接させるようにして連結することができ、隣接させた継手の貫通孔を連通させることができるので継手の貫通孔に挿通させる挿設部材として挿通孔の約２倍程度の長さを有するものだけで連結できる。
（３）継手の貫通孔に挿通させる挿設部材として挿通孔の約２倍程度の長さを有するものだけで連結でき、囲繞枠材の１辺の長さを有するものを使用する必要がないので、長さを短くでき搬送性に優れ、コストの低減となるとともに施工作業を容易に行うことができ、また、施工作業の際、１種類の挿設部材のみを用意すればよいので、施工作業やその準備を容易に行うことができる。
（４）囲繞枠材の各々の辺について、辺の中央に対して対称に継手が形設又は配設されているので、施工作業の際作業者が容易に継手の位置を認識でき、容易に構築することができる。
ここで、あそび分割域はパネル本体の辺の長さの１／２〜１／１０程度の長さを有することが好ましい。これにより、囲繞枠材同士の連結が辺の両端部側において行われ、少ない継手であっても連結を強固にすることができ、かつ、継手の長さを十分にとることができるので、連結強度が低下することがない。
【００２２】
本発明の請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項２に記載の囲繞枠材であって、前記あそび分割域が、前記貫通孔に挿設される挿設部材の長さ以上の長さを有する構成を有している。
【００２３】
この構成により、請求項２の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）あそび分割域の長さが貫通孔に挿設される挿設部材の長さと同じであるので、２つの囲繞枠材を連結する際にあそび分割域両側の隣接した分割域に継手が形設又は配設されている場合、挿設部材を継手の貫通孔に内側から、すなわちあそび分割域側から挿入することができ、囲繞枠材を上下左右等に複数連結した場合に、辺の端部側の貫通孔が他の囲繞枠材や挿設部材によって塞がれ、そこから挿設部材を挿入できない場合であっても、あそび分割域側から挿入することができるので、施工性及び作業性に優れる。
なお、このとき用いられる挿設部材は、例えば、継手の貫通孔の２倍程度の長さを有するものであり、隣接した２つの継手の連通した貫通孔に挿入し連挿して連結することができるものを用いる。したがって、このとき、あそび分割域の長さは継手の貫通孔の２倍程度の長さ、すなわち継手の長さの２倍程度となる。
【００２４】
本発明の請求項４に記載の発明は、請求項１乃至３の内何れか一項に記載の囲繞枠材であって、前記継手が、前記パネル本体の平面部と面一に延設され、又は配設固定された管体で形成され前記パネル本体の平面部と面一に形成されている構成を有している。
【００２５】
この構成により、請求項１乃至３の内何れか一項の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）継手の厚み（最大外径）はパネル本体と略同一の厚みに形成されているので、搬送時や保管時にパネル本体の平面部の上面や下面に凹凸部がないので段積みしても収納効率や搬送効率に優れる。鋳鉄製の場合は、横滑りがないので段積み作業性や搬送時の安全性や搬送性に優れる。
【００２８】
本発明の請求項５に記載の発明は請求項１乃至４の内何れか一項に記載の囲繞枠材であって、前記パネル本体の所定部に開口部が形成されている構成を有している。
【００２９】
この構成により、請求項１乃至４の内何れか一項の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）雨などによって構築物内部に進入する水を外部に排出し、構築物内に水が溜まることを防止することができる。
（２）囲繞枠材で護岸を構築した場合は、開口部が形成されているので、この開口部に水生生物の生息が可能であると共に、護岸の水はけもよくなる。更に、大きな岩石を構築物内に充填するだけで、岩石間に土砂がたまり、草木類が生え自然の河川に近い護岸とすることもできる。
（３）囲繞枠材で内部に水質浄化材が充填された水質浄化ブロックを構築した場合は、開口部を介して水質の浄化が行われる。
（４）囲繞枠材を階段状に構築する際に、水平に配設された１つの囲繞枠材の開口部に他の囲繞枠材の継手を差し込んで垂直に配設することができるので、囲繞枠材を用いた階段状の構築物を４５°以上の傾斜面に構築することができ、種々の傾斜角度の傾斜面に対応できる。
ここで、開口部の形状は、三角形や四角形等の多角形や丸形、楕円形、星形、円弧状や直線状のスリット状等に形成される。
また、囲繞枠材を階段状に構築する際に水平に配設された囲繞枠材に垂直に他の囲繞枠材を配設し開口部に継手を挿し込むことができるように、開口部を囲繞枠材の辺と同方向に長尺に囲繞枠材の略中央に設けることが好ましい。また、このとき、開口部の幅を継手の厚みよりも大きくしてもよい。これにより、垂直に配設する囲繞枠材の位置にある程度の自由度を持たせることができる。
【００３０】
本発明の請求項６に記載の発明は請求項１乃至５の内何れか一項に記載の囲繞枠材であって、前記パネル本体の所定部に係止部が配設されている構成を有している。
【００３１】
この構成により、請求項１乃至５の何れか一項の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）係止部を備えているので、ネットや金網等の網状体や植生マット等を直接又は番線等で容易に配設することができる。
（２）囲繞枠材でブロック体を構築し内部に浄化材を充填させた場合は開口部に金網等の網状体を配設することによって、浄化材が抜脱するのを防止することができる。
（３）囲繞枠材で、漁礁ブロックを構築し内部に小魚のみが出入りできるようにする場合は、開口部に開口径が所望の小魚より若干大きい金網等の網状体を配設することにより、小魚のみが出入りすることができ、天敵から身を守らせることができる。
ここで、係止部の形状は、Ｔ型状やＬ型状、レ型状等に形成される。
また、係止部は、パネル本体に開口部が形成されている場合は、開口部の縁部に配設してもよい。
【００３２】
本発明の請求項７に記載の発明は請求項１乃至６の内何れか一項に記載の囲繞枠材であって、前記パネル本体の辺の一角部を基点として周縁部に沿って刻印又は印字された目盛りを備えている構成を有している。
【００３３】
この構成により、請求項１乃至６の内何れか一項の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）下方の囲繞枠材の上方に他の囲繞枠材を所定の距離ずらして連結させ階段状の構築物を構築する際に、どの程度ずらせば構築される階段状構築物の所望の傾斜角度が得られるかが一目でわかるので、施工性に優れる。
ここで、目盛りとしては、刻印又は印字された角度（度）や法（割、分）等が用いられる。
【００３４】
本発明の請求項８に記載の発明は請求項１乃至７の内何れか一項に記載の囲繞枠材であって、前記囲繞枠材は鋳鉄の鋳造物により一体成型されている構成を有している。
【００３５】
この構成により、請求項１乃至７の内何れか一項の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）各囲繞枠材の継手はパネル本体と一体であるため、連結強度が強い。
（２）鋳鉄等の鋳物の鋳造物で一体に成型するため、囲繞枠材の耐久性が著しく向上し、半永久的に使用することができる。
（３）鋳鉄等の鋳物の鋳造物で一体に成型するため、規格化されやすく、機械的強度に優れ、従来のものに対し大幅に軽量化できるので、現場での搬送性や作業性を向上させることができる。
（４）鋳鉄製なので、河川や湖沼、海岸等に設置しても水質を汚染することがなく安全性に優れる。
【００３６】
本発明の請求項９に記載の構築物は、請求項１乃至８の内何れか一項に記載された囲繞枠材と、前記囲繞枠材の２以上を前記継手の前記貫通孔が同軸になるように前記継手を介して直線状や曲線状又は直交状に配列され、同軸に設置された前記貫通孔に挿設された挿設部材と、を備えている構成を有している。
【００３７】
この構成により、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）囲繞枠材のパネル本体は正方形であるので、各囲繞枠材のどの継手同士を連結させても、すなわち継手の組み合わせ方に関わらず、構築物は同様の形状に構築することができ、施工性に優れるととも施工ミスを減少させることができる。
（２）１種類の囲繞枠材と挿設部材のみで構築物を構築することが可能であり、部材点数が少ないので施工性に優れる。
（３）複数の囲繞枠材を所定の組み合わせで連結し、方形若しくは平行四辺形の四辺形状、略円形状、階段状の構築物を形成することができる。形成された構築物の枠内に石材を充填することにより法面や護岸、護床工、魚礁等の構築物を構築することができ、又、樹脂成形した囲繞枠材を箱状等に連結して家庭用のガーデニング資材等の構築物を構築することができる。また、構築物の前後左右に新たに囲繞枠材を連結するだけで構築物を延設することができ施工現場の奥行きや長さに合わせて自在に長短の構築物を施工することができる。更に、連結させる囲繞枠材の辺と辺を互いに上下左右にずらして連結させ階段状に施工することにより、施工現場の傾斜に構築物の形状を自由に合わせることができる。
（４）囲繞枠材で護岸を形成する場合は、複数の構築物の一部分を直線状に又はクランク状に石材を充填しない部分とすることにより魚道とすることもできる。ここで、構築物としては、護岸の他、道路や河川の法面や、護床工、漁礁、魚道、砂防ダム、海岸線における土石や砂の流出防止堤防、湖沼や河川の小魚保護用漁礁等があげられる。
挿設部材としては、ステンレス鋼や丸鋼、異形鉄筋等が用いられる。
また、挿設部材の形状としては、円柱状又は多角形（正三角形や正四角形、正六角形等）柱状に形成されるが、円柱状とすることがより好ましい。施工作業時に、一旦、各々の継手を挿設部材を挿設させ各囲繞枠材同士を連結させた後、施工現場の形状に合わせて各囲繞枠材の連結角度を自在に調整することが可能であるからである。
また、挿設部材の長さとしては、パネル本体の一辺と略同一の長さ、パネル本体の一辺の２倍に継手の幅を足した長さ、継手の約２倍の長さ等が用いられ、構築物の形状や囲繞枠材の配設位置、連結する継手の位置関係等によって適宜選択される。
【００３８】
本発明の請求項１０に記載の構築物の施工方法は、請求項１乃至８の内何れか一項に記載の囲繞枠材の２以上を継手の貫通孔が同軸になるように配置する囲繞枠材配置工程と、前記囲繞枠材配置工程で配置された前記囲繞枠材の前記継手の前記貫通孔に挿設部材を挿設する挿設工程と、を備えている構成を有している。
【００３９】
この構成により、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）各囲繞枠材の継手の貫通孔を同軸で配置し、挿設部材を継手の貫通孔に挿設させることにより各囲繞枠材を連結する。従って、施工時に構築物を組み立てる場合、各囲繞枠材を連結して枠の形とするためには連結する各辺の継手に挿設部材を各々確実に挿設しなければならないため、施工時に作業者が囲繞枠材を連結し忘れることがない。従って、完成した構築物の各囲繞枠材は確実に連結されており、構築物で護岸や法面を形成するときに、施工ミスが発生することを防止することができる。
（２）構築物を分解した囲繞枠材の状態で施工現場に運搬し、施工現場において枠組立体を組み立てるため、運搬が容易である。特に、水害や斜面崩壊等の災害時において、現場に運搬するのが容易であり、現場で素早く構築物を組み立て、土石や土嚢を充填して災害の拡大防止や災害復旧を図ることが可能であり、災害時の緊急対応処置時の使用に適する。
（３）配置工程と挿設工程の繰り返しにより、構築物を施工していくので、施工作業に熟練性を要さず、１〜２人で施工していくことができ省力性に優れる。
（４）囲繞枠材配置工程で、囲繞枠材を目的の構築物の形状に配置し、挿設工程で挿設部材を継手の貫通孔に挿設し、更に、囲繞枠材内部に土石等を充填してならすことで容易に法面や護床、漁礁等を建造できる。
【００４０】
【発明の実施の形態】
（実施の形態１）
本発明の実施の形態１における囲繞枠材について、以下図面を参照しながら説明する。
【００４１】
図１は本発明の実施の形態１における囲繞枠材の斜視図であり、図２はその正面図である。
図１及び図２において、１は各辺に継手を有する正方形のパネルからなり鋳鉄の鋳造物で一体に成型された本発明の実施の形態１における囲繞枠材、２は囲繞枠材１の正方形のパネル本体、３はパネル本体２に形設された格子、４は格子３の開口部、５，６，７，８はパネル本体２の第１乃至第４の辺、５ａ，５ｂは第１の辺５に沿って形設された第１の継手、６ａ，６ｂは第２の辺６に沿って形設された第２の継手、７ａ，７ｂは第３の辺７に沿って形設された第３の継手、８ａ，８ｂは第４の辺８に沿って形設された第４の継手である。第１の継手５ａ，５ｂ，第２の継手６ａ，６ｂ，第３の継手７ａ，７ｂ，第４の継手８ａ，８ｂ（以下、この継手の群を第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂという）はパネル本体２の辺の長さの約１／８若しくはそれよりも若干短めの長さで囲繞枠材１の外辺部に延設して形設されている。９は第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂの中心部の長手方向に平行に形成された円筒状の貫通孔、１０は所定の開口部４の縁部（内壁）に形設され植生マットや金網等の網状体を係止するＴ型状の係止部、１１はパネル本体２の表裏面（上下面）の各辺の周縁部に沿って刻印又は印字された角度（度）や法（割、分）表示からなる目盛りである。
【００４２】
囲繞枠材１はステンレス等の耐腐食性鋼材やアルミニウム、コンクリート、ＦＲＰ、ＦＲＴＰ、合成樹脂やフィラーとの複合樹脂等で作製される場合もある。また、第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂは一体形成、又は別個形成する場合もあり、又長手方向に直交に分割された筒状体を用いる場合もある。また、第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂの厚み（最大外径）はパネル本体２と略同一の厚みに形成されている。これにより搬送時や保管時に凹凸部がないので段積みしても収納効率に優れるとともに、安定して段積みができるので荷崩れが起きにくく搬送時の安全性や搬送性に優れる。開口部４は円弧状や直線状等のスリットや円形状や線状模様の開口部を設ける場合もある。これらの形状の開口部を組み合わせ所定の模様を形成することによって、意匠性を向上させることができる。また、開口部４の開口径は、囲繞枠材１に囲繞させる土石や浄化材の大きさ、魚の種類等によって適宜選択される。また、土砂等を囲繞させる場合は、土砂等が漏れるのを防止するため、開口部４を設けず、パネル本体２を平板状に形成する場合もある。
係止部１０はＬ型状やレ型状、鈎型状等に形成される場合もある。
目盛り１１は、各々の目盛り１１の対向する辺の一角部を基点とし、その辺に対する角度や法を表している。
【００４３】
次に、第１乃至第４の継手の各辺における形設位置について説明する。
図３（ａ）は図２のＡ−Ａ線矢視平面図であり、図３（ｂ）は図２のＢ−Ｂ線矢視側面図であり、図３（ｃ）は図２のＣ−Ｃ線矢視底面図であり、図３（ｄ）は図２のＤ−Ｄ線矢視側面図である。
図３において、１は本実施の形態１における囲繞枠材、５，６，７，８は第１乃至第４の辺、５ａ〜８ｂは第１乃至第４の継手であり、これらは図１及び図２と同様のものであるので同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
Ｒ１〜Ｒ８は各々の第１乃至第４の辺が左端又は上端から順に８分割された分割域である。
図３に示すように、第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂの形設されている分割域は各々の辺毎に異なり、第１の継手５ａ，５ｂは第１の辺５の分割域Ｒ１，Ｒ５に形設され、第２の継手６ａ，６ｂは第２の辺６の分割域Ｒ２，Ｒ６に形設され、第３の継手７ａ，７ｂは第３の辺７の分割域Ｒ３，Ｒ７に形設され、第４の継手８ａ，８ｂは第４の辺８の分割域Ｒ４，Ｒ８に形設され各々異なった分割域に形成されている。
【００４４】
以上のように構成された本実施の形態１における囲繞枠材の施工方法について、以下図面を用いて説明する。
【００４５】
図４は本発明の実施の形態１における囲繞枠材同士を連結させた状態を示す斜視図である。
図４において、Ｐ１,Ｐ２は図１乃至図３の囲繞枠材１と同様のものであり、囲繞枠材Ｐ２は囲繞枠材Ｐ１を９０°回転させて配設されている。１２ａは外径が第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂの円筒状の内壁の径と略同一もしくはそれより若干小さめで長さがパネル本体２の辺の長さと略同一のステンレス鋼や丸鋼、異形鉄筋等で形成された挿設部材、αは囲繞枠材Ｐ１と囲繞枠材Ｐ２との開角度である。
まず、囲繞枠材Ｐ１の第２の継手６ａ，６ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ２の第１の継手５ａ，５ｂを各々の貫通孔９を同軸にして配置する（配置工程）。次いで、挿設部材１２ａを同軸にして配置された囲繞枠材Ｐ１の第２の継手６ａ，６ｂ，囲繞枠材Ｐ２の第１の継手５ａ，５ｂの貫通孔９に挿設する（挿設工程）。これにより、囲繞枠材Ｐ１と囲繞枠材Ｐ２とが、開角度αが調節自在の状態で連結される。次いで、開角度αを所望の角度にし、挿設部材１２ａが挿設された所定の継手と挿設部材１２ａとの間隙に釘や楔（図示せず）等を打ち込んで挿設部材１２ａを固定する。これにより、開角度αも所望の角度で固定される。
尚、本実施の形態１においては、囲繞枠材Ｐ１の第２の継手６ａ，６ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ２の第１の継手５ａ，５ｂを連結させたが、互いの継手同士が重なり合わず貫通孔９を同軸に配置することができればよく、第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂから適宜選択して連結してもよい。例えば、囲繞枠材Ｐ１の第２の継手６ａ，６ｂと連結可能な囲繞枠材Ｐ２の継手としては、第１の継手５ａ，５ｂ、第３の継手７ａ，７ｂ、第４の継手８ａ，８ｂ、上下又は左右を逆にした第１の継手５ａ，５ｂ、第２の継手６ａ，６ｂ、第４の継手８ａ，８ｂ等がある。尚、階段状の構築物を構築する場合は連結させる囲繞枠材を互いに前後にずらして継手同士を重なり合わないようにさせて連結させる場合もある。
また、本実施の形態１においては、第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂの貫通孔９は円筒状に形成されていることとしたが、多角筒状（三角筒状、六角筒状等）に形成する場合もある。この多角筒状の形状に合わせて挿設部材１２ａを多角筒状に形成することにより、開角度αを所定角度毎に保持することができる。
以上のようにして、囲繞枠材１を上下左右に逐次連設させていくことにより、平面状や階段状等の所望の形状の構築物を形成していく。
【００４６】
以上のように、本実施の形態１の囲繞枠材は構成されているので、以下の作用を有する。
（１）囲繞枠材１の第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂは分割域Ｒ１〜Ｒ８の各々異なった分割域に形設されているので、連結させる各囲繞枠材１の継手同士を重なり合わずに貫通孔９を同軸にして配置することが容易であり、挿設部材１２ａを用いることにより上下左右方向に無限に囲繞枠材１を連結させていくことができる。
（２）連結される継手は、囲繞枠材一体毎に、第１の継手５ａ，５ｂと第２の継手６ａ，６ｂと第３の継手７ａ，７ｂと第４の継手８ａ，８ｂと第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂの左右又は上下を逆にしたものとの８パターンから適宜選択されるので施工性に優れるとともに汎用性に優れる。
（３）第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂは各々の辺の１／８以下に形成されており、かつ、各々の辺において異なる分割域に形設されているので、１つの挿設部材１２ａで４体の囲繞枠材１を十字状に連結させることもできる。
（４）各囲繞枠材１の継手同士の貫通孔９を同軸にして配置する配置工程と、挿設部材を貫通孔９を同軸にして配置された継手に挿設する挿設工程だけで囲繞枠材を連結させていくことができるので、施工性に優れるとともに挿設部材を挿入しないと各囲繞部材が連結して自立しないので施工ミスを極めて少なくすることができる。
（５）各囲繞枠材１同士を連結させるには挿設部材を挿設しなければならず、仮止め等の中途半端な状態がないので、施工ミスのチェックが容易である。
（６）囲繞枠材１のパネル本体２は正方形であるので、どの継手同士を連結させても、継手の配置（組み合わせ）が変化することを除いては構築物を同様の形状に構築することができ、施工性に優れる。
（７）囲繞枠材１の各継手を連結させていくだけで、大小の立方体状や直方体状、壁面形状、階段状等の様々な形状に構築することができ、これらの構築物を護岸や漁礁、浄化材が充填される浄化材ブロック等の様々な用途に用いることができ汎用性に優れる。
（８）１種類の囲繞枠材１と１種類の挿設部材のみを使用して所望の構築物を形成していくことができるので、部材点数が少なく生産性に優れるとともに在庫管理が容易である。
（９）係止部１０に金網等の網状体や植生マット等を囲繞枠材の開口部４に係止又は番線等で係止して配設することにより、内容物の脱落を防止したり、稚魚の育成や草木の育成、構築物の意匠性を向上させたりすることができる。
（１０）囲繞枠材１で護岸を構築した場合は、開口部４が形成されているので、この開口部４に水生生物の生息が可能であると共に、護岸の水はけを向上させる。更に、大きな岩石を構築物内に充填するだけで、岩石間に土砂がたまり、草木類が生え自然の河川に近い護岸とすることもできる。
（１１）囲繞枠材１で内部に水質浄化材が充填された水質浄化ブロックを構築した場合は、開口部４から汚水が流入し浄化が行われる。
（１２）囲繞枠材１を上下方向に少しずらして連結させ階段状の構築物を建造する際に、ずらすことによる角度が目盛り１１により一目でわかるので、同じ目盛りで施工するだけで設計通りの階段状構築物が建造でき施工性に優れる。
【００４７】
（実施の形態２）
次に、実施の形態１の囲繞枠材を用いた本実施の形態２における構築物の施工方法について、以下図面を用いて説明する。
図５〜図７は実施の形態２における構築物の構築方法を表す斜視図である。
図５〜図７において、Ｐ３〜Ｐ２２は実施の形態１のＰ１，Ｐ２と同様の囲繞枠材、Ｓ１（図７）は内部に水質浄化材を充填させる水質浄化ブロックや漁礁として使用される囲繞枠材Ｐ３〜Ｐ２２が連結された構築物、１２ｂ〜１２ｉ，１３ａ〜１３ｄ，１４ａ〜１４ｃは外径が第１乃至第４の継手５ａ〜８ｂの貫通孔９の内径と略同一もしくはそれより若干小さめのステンレス鋼や丸鋼、異形鉄筋等の挿設部材であり、挿設部材１２ｂ〜１２ｉの長さはパネル本体２の一辺の長さと略同一に形成され、挿設部材１３ａ〜１３ｄの長さは２体の囲繞枠材１を並設したときの両側部の辺間の距離（囲繞部材の一辺の長さの２倍と継手の高さとの和の長さと略同一が少し短め）と略同一に形成され、挿設部材１４ａ〜１４ｃの長さは２体の囲繞枠材１を並設したときの両側部の継手の端部間の距離（パネル本体２の壱辺の長さ）と略同一に形成されている。
【００４８】
まず、図５に示すように、実施の形態１と同様にして互いに隣接する辺に形設された継手（ここでは、囲繞枠材Ｐ３の第２の継手６ａ，６ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ４の第４の継手８ａ，８ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ５の第１の継手５ａ，５ｂ）の貫通孔９を同軸にして配置し、囲繞枠材Ｐ３，Ｐ４，Ｐ５をＴ字状に立設させる。次いで、これらの同軸にして配置された各継手の貫通孔９に挿設部材１２ｂを挿設させる。これにより、囲繞枠材Ｐ３，Ｐ４，Ｐ５はＴ字状に端部同士が連結された状態となる。ここで、直線状に配置する囲繞枠材Ｐ３，Ｐ４，Ｐ５の継手の組み合わせは、連結させる囲繞枠材Ｐ３，Ｐ４，Ｐ５の継手同士が重なり合わず貫通孔９を同軸で配置することが可能であれば、どの継手でも使用することができる。例えば、この場合の継手の組み合わせとして、囲繞枠材Ｐ３の第１の継手５ａ，５ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ４の第２の継手６ａ，６ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ５の第３の継手７ａ，７ｂの組み合わせや、囲繞枠材Ｐ３を上下逆にした（第１の辺５を下にした）第２の継手６ａ，６ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ４の第２の継手６ａ，６ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ５の第４の継手８ａ，８ｂの組み合わせ等が用いられる。
【００４９】
同様にして、図６に示すように、囲繞枠材Ｐ５の第２の継手７ａ，７ｂと
囲繞枠材Ｐ６，Ｐ７，Ｐ８の互いに重なり合わない継手の貫通孔９を同軸にして配置し、これらに挿設部材１２ｃを挿設する。次いで、囲繞枠材Ｐ８の第４の継手７ａ，７ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ９、Ｐ１０の互いに重なり合わない継手の筒状部９を同軸にして配置しこれらに挿設部材１２ｄを挿設する。
【００５０】
次いで、図７に示すように、構築物Ｓ１の底部となる囲繞枠材Ｐ１１，Ｐ１２，Ｐ１３（図示せず），Ｐ１４、側壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ１５，Ｐ１６，Ｐ１７，Ｐ１８、上壁となるＰ１９，Ｐ２０，Ｐ２１，Ｐ２２を互いに継手が重なり合わない向きに配置し、各々の貫通孔９に各々の挿設部材１２ｅ〜１２ｌ，１２ｍ，１２ｎ（底辺なので図示せず），１３ａ〜１３ｃ，１３ｄ（底辺なので図示せず），１４ａ〜１４ｃ，１４ｄ（底辺なので図示せず）を挿設して構築物Ｓ１を構築する。
尚、本実施の形態２においては、３種類の長さの挿設部材を用いたが、挿設部材１２ｂ〜１２ｉと同一長さの種類のみを用いても同様に実施可能である。挿設部材１３ａ〜１３ｄは２乃至複数の囲繞枠材を連結したとき（図７では２個の囲繞枠材）のパネル本体（継手を含まない）の一端部から他端部までの長さ、挿設部材１４ａ〜１４ｄは２乃至複数の囲繞枠材を連結したとき（図７では２個の囲繞枠材）の一端部の継手から他端部の継手までの長さに形成している。挿設部材１３や１４のように長いものを用いることにより施工時に容易に直線を出すことができるとともに短い挿設部材１２（パネル本体の長さ）を減らし搬送作業の作業性を高めることができる。
【００５１】
以上のように構成された本発明の実施の形態２の構築物によれば、実施の形態１の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）各囲繞枠材１の継手同士の貫通孔９を同軸にして配置する配置工程と、挿設部材を貫通孔９を同軸にして配置された継手に挿設する挿設工程を繰り返すだけで、構築物Ｓ１を構築することができるので、施工性に優れるとともに施工ミスを極めて少なくすることができる。
（２）三種類の長さの挿設部材１２ｂ〜１２ｉ，１３ａ〜１３ｄ，１４ａ〜１４ｃを使用しているので、連結させる囲繞枠材の数や位置によって、挿設部材を適宜選択して使用することができ、施工性に優れる。
（３）木炭等の水質浄化材を充填させて海や河川等に沈水させることにより、構築物Ｓ１を該河川などを浄化させる水質浄化ブロックとして使用することができる。
（４）構築物Ｓ１をそのまま海や河川等に沈水させることにより、構築物Ｓ１を漁礁として使用することができる。尚、構築物Ｓ１の内部に充填させる水質浄化材が開口部４の開口径より小さく、構築物Ｓ１内から抜脱するおそれがある場合は、係止部１０に番線等で金網等の網状体を係止させて開口部４を覆って用いる。
【００５２】
（実施の形態３）
次に、実施の形態１の囲繞枠材を用いた本実施の形態３における構築物の施工方法について、以下図面を参照しながら説明する。
図８は実施の形態３における高さ方向に直線状に伸べる擁壁や護岸等の構築物の正面模式図であり、図９は図８のＡ−Ａ線における矢視断面模式図であり、図１０は図８のＢ−Ｂ線における矢視断面模式図である。
図８〜図１０において、Ｓ２は施工現場の傾斜面（図示せず）に合わせて施工された護岸である構築物、Ｐ３１〜Ｐ３５は実施の形態１のＰ１，Ｐ２と同様の囲繞枠材、３６は各囲繞枠材Ｐ３１〜Ｐ３５を連結するために各々の継手に挿設された挿設部材である。
尚、連結させる囲繞枠材の継手を挿設部材により連結させる方法は実施の形態２と同様なので、挿設部材の挿設方法の説明は省略する。
まず、囲繞枠材Ｐ３１，Ｐ３１’，Ｐ３１”を連結させ構築物Ｓ２の１段目を構築する。このとき、図１０に示すように、施工現場の傾斜面の横方向の湾曲に合わせて囲繞枠材Ｐ３１’同士の開角度β及び囲繞枠材Ｐ３１”同士の開角度θを調節する。次いで、１段目の囲繞枠材Ｐ３１の上部に２段目の囲繞枠材Ｐ３２を連結させ構築物Ｓ２の２段目を構築する。次いで、石材や土砂等を１段目まで充填させる。この際、石材や土砂を２段目まで充填させると、２段目に連結された囲繞枠材Ｐ３２が外側へ圧迫・固定され３段目の囲繞枠材Ｐ３３の連結が困難になってしまう。そこで、石材や土砂は構築された段数より１段低い段数まで充填させる（例えば、２段目まで構築したら１段目まで充填させる）ようにすることで、最上段の囲繞枠材Ｐ３１をある程度柔軟に動かすことができ、次の段の連結を容易にすることができる。同様にして、３段目の囲繞枠材Ｐ３３まで連結させ構築物Ｓ２の３段目を構築し、次いで、２段目まで充填し、４段目の囲繞枠材Ｐ３４まで連結させ構築物Ｓ２を構築したら３段目まで充填する。
以上のような動作を所望の高さ（段数）まで繰り返し、最上段の囲繞枠材まで土砂や石材を充填させ、構築物Ｓ２（護岸）が傾斜面に施工される。
尚、構築物Ｓ２が施工される前に、傾斜面に合わせて構築物Ｓ２全体を所望の角度に傾斜するように構築物Ｓ２の最下部の後部側が当接する地表面を掘削する。
【００５３】
以上のように構成された本発明の実施の形態３の構築物によれば、実施の形態１の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）開角度β，θを調整するだけで、施工現場の傾斜面の横方向の湾曲に合わせて構築物Ｓ２（護岸）を形成することができるので、施工性に優れるとともに汎用性に優れる。
【００５４】
（実施の形態４）
次に、実施の形態１の囲繞枠材を用いた本実施の形態４における法面等の階段状に構築された構築物の施工方法について、以下図面を参照しながら説明する。
図１１は実施の形態４における構築物の正面模式図であり、図１２はその側面模式図であり、図１３は図１２のＣ部の要部拡大側面図である。
図１１〜図１３において、Ｓ３は施工現場の傾斜面（図示せず）に合わせて階段状に形成された法面である構築物、Ｐ４１〜Ｐ４４は実施の形態１のＰ１，Ｐ２と同様の囲繞枠材、４５は各囲繞枠材Ｐ４１〜Ｐ４４を連結するために各々の継手に挿設された挿設部材である。尚、図１１及び図１２において、挿設部材４５は、構築物Ｓ３の２段目までしか図示していないが、囲繞枠材同士の連結部（継手）には挿設部材が適宜挿設される。また、各囲繞枠材の継手を挿設部材により連結させる方法は実施の形態２と同様なので、挿設部材の挿設方法の説明は省略する。
まず、構築物Ｓ３の１段目の底壁及び前壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ４１，側壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ４１’，上壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ４１”を連結させ構築物Ｓ３の１段目を施工する。次いで、囲繞枠材Ｐ４１’の上部の継手及び囲繞枠材Ｐ４１”の側部の継手に構築物Ｓ３の２段目以降の側壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ４２の下部の継手を連結させる。このとき、囲繞枠材Ｐ４１’の目盛り１１（図１参照）の所定の目盛りに所望の傾斜角度に応じて囲繞枠材Ｐ４２の前端部を合わせて後方にずらして連結させる。次いで、構築物Ｓ３の２段目以降の前壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ４３の下端部を囲繞枠材Ｐ４１”の上面に当接させて囲繞枠材Ｐ４３の側部の継手を囲繞枠材Ｐ４２の前部の継手に連結させる。次いで、構築物Ｓ３の２段目以降の上壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ４４の前端部を囲繞枠材Ｐ４３の後面に当接させて囲繞枠材Ｐ４４の側部の継手を囲繞枠材Ｐ４２の上部の継手に連結させる。これで、構築物Ｓ３の２段目が構築される。
以上のような動作を所望の高さ（段数）まで繰り返し、最上段の囲繞枠材まで土砂や石材を充填させ、階段状の構築物Ｓ３（護岸）が傾斜面に施工される。
【００５５】
以上のように構成された本発明の実施の形態４の構築物によれば、実施の形態１の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）下方に位置する囲繞枠材の上方に他の囲繞枠材を所定の目盛り１１に合わせて所定の距離ずつずらしながら連結させることにより、階段状の構築物Ｓ３を容易に施工することができ、施工性に優れる。
【００５６】
（実施の形態５）
次に、実施の形態１の囲繞枠材を用いた本実施の形態５における構築物の施工方法について、以下図面を参照しながら説明する。
図１４は実施の形態５における護岸等の構築物の斜視模式図である。
図１４において、Ｓ４は施工現場の傾斜面（図示せず）に合わせて階段状に形成された護岸である構築物である。本実施の形態５の構築物Ｓ４が、実施の形態４の構築物Ｓ３と異なる点は、上壁及び底壁となる囲繞枠材を備えておらず全体として湾曲させている点である。Ｐ５１〜Ｐ５３は実施の形態１のＰ１，Ｐ２と同様の囲繞枠材である。
尚、各囲繞枠材の継手を挿設部材により連結させる方法は実施の形態２と同様なので、挿設部材及びその挿設方法の説明は省略する。
まず、構築物Ｓ４の１段目を囲繞枠材Ｐ５１で傾斜面の湾曲に合わせて構築し、内部に土砂や石材（図示せず）を充填する。この際、互いに４体の連結された囲繞枠材Ｐ５１からなる枠体は上壁及び底壁を有していないので、平面視でひし形状に歪ませることができ、傾斜面の湾曲に対応させることができる。
次いで、１段目の上方に、傾斜面に合わせてずらしながら２段目（囲繞枠材Ｐ５２）、３段目（囲繞枠材Ｐ５３）と段積みする。
以上のような動作を所望の高さ（段数）まで繰り返し、階段状で湾曲した構築物Ｓ４（護岸）が湾曲した傾斜面に施工される。
尚、構築物Ｓ４を１段構築する毎に上面に金網等の網状体を設け内部の土砂や石材が流出することを防止したり、植生マットを設け自然と一体化させる場合もある。
【００５７】
以上のように構成された本発明の実施の形態５の構築物によれば、実施の形態１の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）自在に湾曲させて構築することができるので、様々な湾曲面を有する傾斜面に対応させることができるので汎用性に優れ、各囲繞枠材を連結させ、段積みしていくだけなので熟練性を要さず施工性に優れる。
【００５８】
（実施の形態６）
次に、実施の形態１の囲繞枠材を用いた本実施の形態６における構築物の施工方法について、以下図面を参照しながら説明する。
図１５は実施の形態６における高さ方向に直線状に伸べる擁壁や護岸等の構築物の断面模式図である。
図１５において、Ｓ２’は施工現場の傾斜面（図示せず）に合わせて施工された護岸である構築物、Ｐ３１，Ｐ３１’，Ｐ３１”は実施の形態３で説明したものと同様の囲繞枠材、Ｐ３２’，Ｐ３２”はＰ３１’やＰ３１”とともに正三角形を形成して連結された囲繞枠材である。尚、本実施の形態６は、実施の形態３の変形例であり、実施の形態３の構築物において、開角度β及びθを６０°として、湾曲部分の囲繞枠材を正三角形状に連結したもの、すなわち連結角度θが変更可能に連結されていたＰ３１’同士、及び連結角度βが変更可能に連結されていたＰ３１”同士を囲繞枠材Ｐ３２’、Ｐ３２”で固定したものであり、その構築方法については実施の形態３と同様であるので説明を省略する。
【００５９】
以上のように構成された本発明の実施の形態６の構築物によれば、実施の形態３の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）湾曲部分の囲繞枠材を正三角形状に連結しているので、構築物の湾曲部分の固定をより強固にすることができる。
【００６０】
（実施の形態７）
本発明の実施の形態７における囲繞枠材について、以下図面を参照しながら説明する。
【００６１】
図１６は本発明の実施の形態７における囲繞枠材の斜視図であり、図１７はその正面図である。
図１６及び図１７において、１０１は各辺に継手を有する正方形のパネルからなり鋳鉄の鋳造物で一体に成型された本発明の実施の形態７における囲繞枠材、１０２は囲繞枠材１０１の正方形のパネル本体、１０３はパネル本体１０２に形設された格子、１０４は格子１０３の開口部、１０５，１０６，１０７，１０８はパネル本体１０２の第１乃至第４の辺、１０５ａ，１０５ｂは第１の辺１０５に沿って形設された第１の継手、１０６ａ，１０６ｂは第２の辺１０６に沿って形設された第２の継手、１０７ａ，１０７ｂは第３の辺１０７に沿って形設された第３の継手、１０８ａ，１０８ｂは第４の辺１０８に沿って形設された第４の継手である。第１の継手１０５ａ，１０５ｂ，第２の継手１０６ａ，１０６ｂ，第３の継手１０７ａ，１０７ｂ，第４の継手１０８ａ，１０８ｂ（以下、この継手の群を第１乃至第４の継手１０５ａ〜１０８ｂという）はパネル本体１０２の辺の長さの１／８程度の長さに形設されている。尚、長さは１／８程度に限定されるものではなく、機械的強度が許せば１／５０程度でもよい。また、１／２４程度のものを１乃至３つ設けてもよい。また、第１乃至４の継手１０５ａ〜１０８ｂは、パネル本体１０２と同様の厚みを有し、パネル本体１０２の外周部に形設されている。これにより、囲繞枠材１０１を積み重ねて倉庫等に保管する際に、上面及び下面側に凹凸がなく安定するため安全性に優れ、また、凹凸がないので段積みしても収納効率や搬送効率に優れる。１０９は第１乃至第４の継手１０５ａ〜１０８ｂの中心部の長手方向に平行に形成された円筒状や三角、四角等の多角形筒状の貫通孔、１１０は所定の開口部１０４の内壁に形設され植生マットや金網等の網状体を係止するＴ型状の係止部である。
【００６２】
次に、第１乃至第４の継手の各辺における形設位置について説明する。
図１８（ａ）は図１７のＡ−Ａ線矢視平面図であり、図１８（ｂ）は図１７のＢ−Ｂ線矢視側面図であり、図１８（ｃ）は図１７のＣ−Ｃ線矢視底面図であり、図１８（ｄ）は図１７のＤ−Ｄ線矢視側面図である。
図１８において、１０１は本実施の形態７における囲繞枠材、１０５，１０６，１０７，１０８は第１乃至第４の辺、１０５ａ〜１０８ｂは第１乃至第４の継手であり、これらは図１及び図２と同様のものであるので同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
Ｒ’Ａは各々の第１乃至第４の辺の中央に配設されたあそび分割域、Ｒ’１〜Ｒ’６は各々の第１乃至第４の辺のあそび分割域Ｒ’Ａの両側が各々等分に３分割ずつ計６分割された分割域である。
図１８に示すように、第１の継手１０５ａ，１０５ｂは第１の辺１０５の分割域Ｒ’１，Ｒ’６に形設され、第２の継手１０６ａ，１０６ｂは第２の辺１０６の分割域Ｒ’２，Ｒ’５に形設され、第３の継手１０７ａ，１０７ｂは第３の辺１０７の分割域Ｒ’２，Ｒ’５に形設され、第４の継手１０８ａ，１０８ｂは第４の辺１０８の分割域Ｒ’３，Ｒ’４に形設されている。第１乃至４の継手１０５ａ〜１０８ｂは、各々、各辺に辺の中央部に対して対称に形設されている。これにより、第１乃至４の辺１０５〜１０８について、囲繞枠材を裏返した場合であっても、各々の辺について継手の位置は変らないため、作業者が認識しやすく作業性を向上させることができる。
また、第２の継手１０６ａ，１０６ｂと第３の継手１０７ａ，１０７ｂとは同様の形設された分割域は同様であるが、これは１つの辺に対応する辺を囲繞枠材の４辺の内少なくとも２辺とすることで、選択できる辺を多くして作業性を向上させるためである。すなわち、第１の辺１０５は、連結する他の囲繞枠材の第２の辺１０６又は第３の辺１０７と当接されて連結すれば継手同士が同軸になり、その上、継手同士が隣接し、各々の貫通孔が連通するため、貫通孔の長さの２倍程度の長さを有する挿設部材を連挿して連結することができる。同様に、第２の辺１０６は、第１の辺１０５、第４の辺１０８と当接させ連結することができ、第３の辺１０７は、第１の辺１０５、第４の辺１０８と当接させ連結することができ、第４の辺１０８は、第２の辺１０６、第３の辺１０７と当接させ連結することができるので、各々の辺について少なくとも２つ対応する辺が存在し、選択できる辺が多く施工の際の作業性を向上させることができる。
【００６３】
以上のように構成された本実施の形態７における囲繞枠材の施工方法について、以下図面を用いて説明する。
【００６４】
図１９は本発明の実施の形態７における囲繞枠材同士を連結させた状態を示す斜視図である。
図１９において、Ｐ１０１,Ｐ１０２は図１６乃至図１８の囲繞枠材１０１と同様のものである。１１２ａ，１１２ｂは外径が第１乃至第４の継手１０５ａ〜１０８ｂの円筒状の内壁の径と略同一もしくはそれより若干小さめで長さが継手の長さの２倍と略同一のステンレス鋼や丸鋼、異形鉄筋等の挿設部材、αは囲繞枠材Ｐ１０１と囲繞枠材Ｐ１０２との開角度である。挿設部材１１２ａ，１１２ｂは一端部に貫通孔の内径より大きな外径を有する抜け止め部１１３を有している。これにより、挿設部材を継手の貫通孔に挿設する際に、挿設部材が抜け落ちることがない。また、抜け止め部１１３を貫通孔に打ち込んで固定すれば抜け落ちることがなく、更に強固に固定することができる。なお、このとき、抜け止め部を貫通孔から少し突出する程度に形成するか、又は挿設部材を挿入する継手の貫通孔の開口部に切欠きや段差を設ける等して抜け止め部が貫通孔から突出しないようにして、抜け止め部が他の貫通孔を塞ぐ等して囲繞枠材の連結を妨げることがないようにすることが好ましい。また、挿設部材の他端部に端部に向かって外径を小さくした挿設部１１４を形成してもよい。これにより、挿設部材の外径が貫通孔の内径と略同一であっても容易に挿設することができる。また、挿設部材が挿設された継手と挿設部材との間隙に釘や楔等を打ち込んで挿設部材を固定してもよい。
まず、囲繞枠材Ｐ１０１の第２の継手１０６ａ，１０６ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ１０２の第１の継手１０５ａ，１０５ｂを各々の貫通孔１０９を同軸にして配置する（配置工程）。次いで、挿設部材１１２ａ，１１２ｂを各々、同軸にして配置された囲繞枠材Ｐ１０１の第２の継手１０６ａと囲繞枠材Ｐ１０２の第１の継手１０５ａの貫通孔１０９と、囲繞枠材Ｐ１０１の第２の継手１０６ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ１０２の第１の継手１０５ｂの貫通孔１０９に挿設する（挿設工程）。これにより、囲繞枠材Ｐ１０１と囲繞枠材Ｐ１０２とが、開角度αが調節自在の状態で連結される。次いで、開角度αを所望の角度にし、挿設部材１１２ａの抜け止め部１１３を打ち込んで挿設部材１１２ａを固定する。これにより、開角度αも所望の値で固定される。
尚、本実施の形態１においては、囲繞枠材Ｐ１０１の第２の継手１０６ａ，１０６ｂと囲繞枠材Ｐ１０２の第１の継手１０５ａ，１０５ｂを連結させた（貫通孔１０９を同軸にして配置させた）が、互いの継手同士が重なり合わず貫通孔を同軸に配置することができればよく、第１乃至第４の継手１０５ａ〜１０８ｂから適宜選択して連結される。例えば、囲繞枠材Ｐ１０１の第２の継手１０６ａ，１０６ｂと連結可能な囲繞枠材Ｐ１０２の継手としては、第１の継手１０５ａ，１０５ｂ、第４の継手１０８ａ，１０８ｂ、上下又は左右を逆にした第１の継手１０５ｂ，１０５ａ、第４の継手１０８ｂ，１０８ａ等がある。尚、階段状の構築物を構築する場合は連結させる囲繞枠材を互いに前後にずらして継手同士を重なり合わないようにさせて連結させる場合もある。
また、本実施の形態７においては、第１乃至第４の継手１０５ａ〜１０８ｂの貫通孔１０９は円筒状に形成されていることとしたが、多角筒状（三角筒状、六角筒状等）に形成する場合もある。この多角筒状の形状に合わせて挿設部材１１２ａを多角筒状に形成することにより、開角度αを所定角度毎に保持することができる。
以上のようにして、囲繞枠材１０１を逐次連設させていくことにより、立方体状や直方体状、階段状等の所望の形状の構築物を形成していく。
【００６５】
図２０は本実施の形態７における囲繞枠材を連結させた構築物の斜視図である。
図２０において、Ｐ１０３〜Ｐ１２２は図１９のＰ１０１，Ｐ１０２と同様の囲繞枠材、Ｓ５は内部に水質浄化材を充填させる水質浄化ブロックや漁礁として使用される囲繞枠材Ｐ１０３〜Ｐ１２２が連結された構築物、１１２は外径が第１乃至第４の継手１０５ａ〜１０８ｂの貫通孔１０９の内径と略同一もしくはそれより若干小さめで、長さが継手の貫通孔の２倍と略同一のステンレス鋼や丸鋼、異形鉄筋等の挿設部材である。
図２０に示すように、構築物Ｓ５の底部となる囲繞枠材Ｐ１１１，Ｐ１１２，Ｐ１１３（図示せず），Ｐ１１４、側壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ１０３，Ｐ１０４，Ｐ１０５，Ｐ１０６，Ｐ１１５，Ｐ１１６，Ｐ１１７，Ｐ１１８、上壁となるＰ１１９，Ｐ１２０，Ｐ１２１，Ｐ１２２を互いに継手が重なり合わない向きに配置し、各々の貫通孔１０９に各々の挿設部材１１２を挿設して構築物Ｓ５を構築する。尚、構築物Ｓ５は、実施の形態２の構築物Ｓ１と異なり、内部に囲繞枠体が配設されておらず内部が区切られていない。このため、構築物の強度は低下するが、施工後に構築物に土圧がかからないような場所に施工する場合は施工に必要なコストを減少させることができ有効である。このように、施工後に自動車やトラック等が通行し、高い土圧が構築物にかかる場合は、構築物の内部に区切りを設け強度を高くして構築し、土圧がかからない場合は内部の区切りの数を減少させる等してコストの減少を図ることが好ましい。
尚、本実施の形態７においては、１種類の長さ（継手の貫通孔の２倍の長さ）の挿設部材１１２を用いたので、施工作業の際に挿設部材として種々の長さを有するものを適宜選択する必要がなく、作業が容易である。
以上のように、図１９に示す方法により、囲繞枠材１０１を逐次連設させていくことにより、一例として図２０に示すような直方体状の構築物を形成することができる。
【００６６】
以上のように、本実施の形態７の囲繞枠材は構成されているので、実施の形態１の作用に加え以下の作用を有する。
（１）１種類の囲繞枠材１０１と１種類の挿設部材１１２を使用して所望の構築物を形成していくことができ、施工作業の際に長いものや短いもの等、挿設部材１１２を適宜選択する必要がなく、作業が容易であり、また部材種類が少なく生産性に優れるとともに在庫管理が容易である。
（２）囲繞枠材１０１の各々の辺について、辺の中央に対して対称に継手が形設又は配設されているので、施工作業の際作業者が容易に認識でき、容易に構築することができ、作業性に優れる。
【００６７】
（実施の形態８）
次に、実施の形態７の囲繞枠材を用いた本実施の形態８における法面等の階段状に構築された構築物の施工方法について、以下図面を参照しながら説明する。尚、本実施の形態８の構築物は、実施の形態７で説明した囲繞枠材を用いて、実施の形態４で説明したような階段状に構築された構築物と同様に施工したものである。
図２１は本実施の形態８における構築物の要部斜視図である。
図２１において、Ｓ６は施工現場の傾斜面（図示せず）に合わせて階段状に形成された法面である構築物、Ｐ１４１〜Ｐ１４３，Ｐ１４１’〜Ｐ１４３’，Ｐ１４１”〜Ｐ１４３”は実施の形態７のＰ１０１，Ｐ１０２と同様の囲繞枠材、１４５は各囲繞枠材Ｐ１４２’，Ｐ１４３’の下部に形設された継手、１４６は囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１”，Ｐ１４２”の開口部である。
【００６８】
以上のように構成された本実施の形態８の構築物について、その施工方法について説明する。
まず、構築物Ｓ６の１段目の前壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１’，側壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１、上壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１”を連結させ構築物Ｓ６の１段目を施工する。次いで、囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１の上部の継手及び囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１”の側部の継手に構築物Ｓ６の２段目の側壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ１４２の下部の継手を連結させる。このとき用いられる挿設部材は、継手の貫通孔の長さの３倍程度かそれ以上の長さを有するものを用いることが好ましい。これにより、隣接した各々の貫通孔が連通した３つの継手を１つの挿設部材を連挿して連結することができる。次いで、構築物Ｓ６の２段目の前壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ１４２’の下端部の継手１４５を囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１”の開口部１４６に挿入させて囲繞枠材１４２’の側端部の継手を囲繞枠材Ｐ１４２の前端部の継手に連結させる。次いで、構築物Ｓ６の２段目の上壁となる囲繞枠材Ｐ１４２”の前端部の継手を囲繞枠材Ｐ１４２’の上端部の継手に連結し、囲繞枠材Ｐ１４２”の側端部の継手を囲繞枠材Ｐ１４２の上端部の継手に連結させる。これで、構築物Ｓ６の２段目が構築される。同様にして２段目の上に３段目を構築し、構築物Ｓ６を構築する。
なお、本実施の形態８においては、構築物Ｓ６は３段目までしか図示していないが、以上のような動作を所望の高さ（数段）まで繰り返し、最上段の囲繞枠材まで土砂や石材を充填させ、階段状の構築物（護岸）を傾斜面に施工してもよい。
【００６９】
以上のように本発明の実施の形態８の構築物は、実施の形態４の構築物と異なり、実施の形態７の囲繞枠材を用い、又、垂直に配設された囲繞枠材Ｐ１４２’，Ｐ１４３’の下部の継手１４５は、水平に配設された他の囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１”，Ｐ１４２”の開口部１４６に挿し込まれているため、実施の形態４及び７の作用に加え、以下のような作用が得られる。
（１）下方に位置する囲繞枠材の上方に他の囲繞枠材を囲繞枠材の辺の略半分ずつずらしながら連結させることにより、階段状の構築物Ｓ６を容易に施工することができ、施工性に優れる。
（２）階段状に形成された構築物の階段上面において、垂直に配設された囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１’〜Ｐ１４３’の上部の継手が突出することがなく、施工作業中の安全性に優れるとともに、施工後に構築物上を通行する際の安全性に優れる。
（３）垂直に配設された囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１’〜Ｐ１４３’は、その下部に水平に配設された囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１”〜Ｐ１４３”の開口部１４６に挿し込まれ、開口部１４６は垂直に配設された囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１’〜Ｐ１４３’の継手１４５の厚みより大きな幅を有しているので、垂直に配設された囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１’〜Ｐ１４３’は水平に配設された囲繞枠材Ｐ１４１”〜Ｐ１４３”に対してその位置をある程度自由に変更することができ、階段状に形成された構築物の傾斜角度の自由度に優れる。
【００７０】
（実施の形態９）
次に、実施の形態７の囲繞枠材を用いた本実施の形態９における構築物の施工方法について、以下図面を参照しながら説明する。
図２２は実施の形態９における護岸等の構築物の斜視模式図であり、図２３は実施の形態９における護岸等の構築物の要部上面図であり、図２４は図２３のＥ−Ｅ線の矢視断面図である。なお、図２３は、図２２に示す階段状に形成された構築物の最上段の要部上面図である。
図２２〜図２４において、Ｓ７は施工現場の傾斜面（図示せず）に合わせて階段状に形成された構築物の護岸である。本実施の形態９の構築物Ｓ７が、実施の形態８の構築物Ｓ６と異なる点は、上壁及び底壁となる囲繞枠材を備えておらず全体として湾曲させている点、及び、上壁及び底壁の替わりにネットを用いて構築物内部に土砂や石材を封入している点である。Ｐ１５１〜Ｐ１５３は実施の形態７のＰ１０１，Ｐ１０２と同様の囲繞枠材、１５４は階段状に構築された構築物Ｓ７の上面及び底面に敷設されたネットである。また、１０２はパネル本体、１１０は係止部であり、これらは実施の形態７において説明したものと同様であるので同一の符号を付けて説明を省略する。
ネット１５４の素材としては、金属製やカーボン繊維等の強度を有するものが用いられる。また、ネット１５４は、開口幅が１０〜２００ｍｍ、好ましくは５０〜１５０ｍｍ程度に形成される。これにより、構築物の内部に土砂や石材等を封入することができる。
尚、各囲繞枠材の継手を挿設部材により連結させる方法は実施の形態７と同様であり、また、構築物の構築方法は実施の形態５と同様であるので、説明を省略する。また、ネット１５４は、構築物Ｓ７の上面及び底面側に敷設され、囲繞枠体のパネル本体１０２に配設された係止部１１０に係止することで固定される。尚、構築物Ｓ７を１段構築する毎に上面及び底面にネット１５４を敷設しすることもできる。これにより、構築物Ｓ７の内部の土砂や石材が流出することを確実に防止することができる。特に、河川の流域に構築物Ｓ７を構築した際に、河川の増水等で構築物Ｓ７の底面側の地盤が沈下又は流動等した場合であっても、底面に敷設されたネット１５４により、構築物Ｓ７内部の土砂や石材が流出することを防止することができる。
【００７１】
以上のように構成された本発明の実施の形態９の構築物は、実施の形態５と異なり、上面及び底面にネットを配設しているので、実施の形態５及び７の作用に加え、以下のような作用を有する。
（１）構築物を施工場所の形状等により湾曲させて構築した場合に構築物の上面及び底面に囲繞枠体を配設できない場合であっても、構築物の上面及び底面に囲繞枠体の替わりにネットを敷設することで構築物内部の土砂や石材が流出することを防止することができる。
【００７２】
また、以上のように、実施の形態１乃至９おいては、鋳鉄等により形成された土石等の囲繞枠材及びそれを用いた構築物並びにその施工方法について説明したが、本発明の囲繞枠材をＰＥ、ＰＰ、ＦＰＲ等の合成樹脂等により小型に形成し、家庭用のガーデニング資材等に使用することもでき、組み立て用の椅子や作業台として使用することもできる。
【００７３】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明の囲繞枠材及びそれを用いた構築物、並びにその施工方法によれば、以下ような有利な効果が得られる。
【００７４】
請求項１に記載の発明によれば、以下の効果を有する。
（１）囲繞枠材の各々の継手は各々の辺の外周部の異なる分割域に形設又は配設されているので、囲繞枠材を連結させる場合に継手同士が重なり合わずに貫通孔を同軸に配置することが容易であり、これらの貫通孔に棒状又は管状の挿設部材を挿設することにより、上下左右に無限に囲繞枠材を連結させていくことができる。
（２）パネル本体は正方形であり、囲繞枠材の形状は、上下左右を逆にしても、継手が形設又は配設されている分割域が変わるだけなので、施工する際に、配設方向を気にする必要がなく、施工性に優れるとともに施工ミスを防止することができる。
（３）囲繞枠材の各々の継手は各々の辺において、異なる分割域に形設又は配設されているので、囲繞枠材の配置の仕方は、４辺の何れか一辺を所定の位置に配置する場合と裏表を逆にして４辺の何れか一辺を所定の位置に配置する場合の８通りがあり、他の囲繞枠材に連結させる継手を適宜選択することができるので、施工性に優れる。
（４）１種類の囲繞枠材の各々の外周部の継手を連結させていくことによって構築物を構築していくことができるので、囲繞枠材は１種類のみを生産すればよく生産性に優れるとともに在庫管理が容易である。
（５）永久的な土木構築物を一種類の囲繞枠材と継手の貫通孔に挿入して上下左右を連結させる挿設部材だけで施工でき、部品点数が従来のものと比べ著しく少ないので生産性に優れる。
（６）一種類の囲繞枠材を辺の位置を変えるだけで、継手を介して無限に連設できるので、土木の設計の自在性に優れるだけでなく、施工が極めて容易で施工性、作業性に優れる。
（７）囲繞枠材の４辺の互いに位置の異なる分割域に継手を各々有しているので、１つの囲繞枠材の上下左右前後に他の囲繞枠材を挿設部材で連結し、各種構築物を建造できる。
（８）継手は、１辺につき２分割域ずつにある程度離れて形設又は配設されているので、囲繞枠材同士を連結させる際に、重なり合わない継手が配設された辺をすぐに見つけることができ、施工性に優れ、また、２分割域の継手で連結させるので、囲繞枠材同士を強固に連結させることができる。
（９）継手は、各々の辺において互いに同数の２つの分割域に略均等に形設又は配設されているので、各々の辺を連結させた場合に連結強度の偏りがなく、構築物を構成した場合に各々の継手に荷重が略均等にかかり、耐久性に優れるとともに、大きな石等の衝突等の衝撃耐えることができ耐衝撃性や安全性に優れる。
（１０）２つの分割域の継手で連結させるので、囲繞枠材同士を強固に連結させることができ、継手間の連結強度が大きく耐震性に優れる。
【００７６】
請求項２に記載の発明によれば、請求項１の効果に加え、以下の効果を有する。
（１）あそび分割域を有し、囲繞枠材の各々の辺について、継手が辺の両端部側に各々１つ形設又は配設されるので、囲繞枠材同士の連結が辺の両端部側において行われ、少ない継手であっても連結を強固にすることができ、辺の中央部にのみ継手が形設又は配設されその部分において連結強度が低下することを防ぐことができる。
（２）囲繞枠材の各々の辺について、辺の中央に対して対称に継手が形設又は配設され、あそび分割域の両側が各々３つの分割域に分割され、囲繞枠材の４辺の内、あそび分割域の両側の３つの分割域の内の中央の分割域に継手を有しているものが２つあり、これらが対向する辺に配設されていないので、囲繞枠材を連結させる際に連結する辺の継手同士を必ず近接させるようにして連結することができ、隣接させた継手の貫通孔を連通させることができるので継手の貫通孔に挿通させる挿設部材として挿通孔の約２倍程度の長さを有するものだけで連結できる。
（３）継手の貫通孔に挿通させる挿設部材として挿通孔の約２倍程度の長さを有するものだけで連結でき、囲繞枠材の１辺の長さを有するものを使用する必要がないので、長さを短くでき搬送性に優れ、コストの低減となるとともに施工作業を容易に行うことができ、また、施工作業の際、１種類の挿設部材のみを用意すればよいので、施工作業やその準備を容易に行うことができる。
（４）囲繞枠材の各々の辺について、辺の中央に対して対称に継手が形設又は配設されているので、施工作業の際作業者が容易に継手の位置を認識でき、容易に構築することができる。
【００７８】
請求項３に記載の発明によれば、請求項２の効果に加え、以下の効果を有する。
（１）あそび分割域の長さが貫通孔に挿設される挿設部材の長さと同じ又はそれ以上であるので、２つの囲繞枠材を連結する際にあそび分割域両側の隣接した分割域に継手が形設又は配設されている場合、挿設部材を継手の貫通孔に内側から、すなわちあそび分割域側から挿入することができ、囲繞枠材を上下左右等に複数連結した場合に、辺の端部側の貫通孔が他の囲繞枠材や挿設部材によって塞がれ、そこから挿設部材を挿入できない場合であっても、あそび分割域側から挿入することができるので、施工性及び作業性に優れる。
【００７９】
請求項４に記載の発明によれば、請求項１乃至３の内いずれか一項の効果に加え、以下の効果を有する。
（１）継手の厚み（最大外径）はパネル本体と略同一の厚みに形成されているので、搬送時や保管時にパネル本体の平面部の上面や下面に凹凸部がないので段積みしても収納効率や搬送効率に優れる。鋳鉄製の場合は、横滑りがないので段積み作業性や搬送時の安全性や搬送性に優れる。
【００８１】
請求項５に記載の発明によれば、請求項１乃至４の内何れか一項の効果に加え、以下の効果を有する。
（１）雨などによって構築物内部に進入する水を外部に排出し、構築物内に水が溜まることを防止することができる。
（２）囲繞枠材で護岸を構築した場合は、開口部が形成されているので、この開口部に水生生物の生息が可能であると共に、護岸の水はけもよくなる。更に、大きな岩石を構築物内に充填するだけで、岩石間に土砂がたまり、草木類が生え自然の河川に近い護岸とすることもできる。
（３）囲繞枠材で内部に水質浄化材が充填された水質浄化ブロックを構築した場合は、開口部を介して水質の浄化が行われる。
（４）囲繞枠材を階段状に構築する際に、水平に配設された１つの囲繞枠材の開口部に他の囲繞枠材の継手を差し込んで垂直に配設することができるので、囲繞枠材を用いた階段状の構築物を４５°以上の傾斜面に構築することができ、種々の傾斜角度の傾斜面に対応できる。
【００８２】
請求項６に記載の発明によれば、請求項１乃至５の内何れか一項の効果に加え、以下の効果を有する。
（１）係止部を備えているので、ネットや金網等の網状体や植生マット等を直接又は番線等で容易に配設することができる。
（２）囲繞枠材でブロック体を構築し内部に浄化材を充填させた場合は開口部に金網等の網状体を配設することによって、浄化材が抜脱するのを防止することができる。
（３）囲繞枠材で、漁礁ブロックを構築し内部に小魚のみが出入りできるようにする場合は、開口部に開口径が所望の小魚より若干大きい金網等の網状体を配設することにより、小魚のみが出入りすることができ、天敵から身を守らせることができる。
【００８３】
請求項７に記載の発明によれば、請求項１乃至６の内何れか一項の効果に加え、以下の効果を有する。
（１）下方の囲繞枠材の上方に他の囲繞枠材を所定の距離ずらして連結させ階段状の構築物を構築する際に、どの程度ずらせば構築される階段状構築物の所望の傾斜角度が得られるかが一目でわかるので、施工性に優れる。
【００８４】
請求項８に記載の発明によれば、請求項１乃至７の内何れか一項の効果に加え、以下の効果を有する。
（１）各囲繞枠材の継手はパネル本体と一体であるため、連結強度が強い。
（２）鋳鉄等の鋳物の鋳造物で一体に成型するため、囲繞枠材の耐久性が著しく向上し、半永久的に使用することができる。
（３）鋳鉄等の鋳物の鋳造物で一体に成型するため、規格化されやすく、機械的強度に優れ、従来のものに対し大幅に軽量化できるので、現場での搬送性や作業性を向上させることができる。
（４）鋳鉄製なので、河川や湖沼、海岸等に設置しても水質を汚染することがなく安全性に優れる。
【００８５】
請求項９に記載の発明によれば、以下の効果を有する。
（１）囲繞枠材のパネル本体は正方形であるので、各囲繞枠材のどの継手同士を連結させても、すなわち継手の組み合わせ方に関わらず、構築物は同様の形状に構築することができ、施工性に優れるとともに施工ミスを減少させることができる。
（２）１種類の囲繞枠材と挿設部材のみで構築物を構築することが可能であり、部材点数が少ないので施工性に優れる。
（３）複数の囲繞枠材を所定の組み合わせで連結し、方形若しくは平行四辺形の四辺形状、略円形状、階段状の構築物を形成することができる。形成された構築物の枠内に石材を充填することにより法面や護岸、護床工、魚礁等の構築物を構築することができ、又、樹脂成形した囲繞枠材を箱状等に連結して家庭用のガーデニング資材等の構築物を構築することができる。また、構築物の前後左右に新たに囲繞枠材を連結するだけで構築物を延設することができ施工現場の奥行きや長さに合わせて自在に長短の構築物を施工することができる。更に、連結させる囲繞枠材の辺と辺を互いに上下左右にずらして連結させ階段状に施工することにより、施工現場の傾斜に構築物の形状を自由に合わせることができる。
（４）囲繞枠材で護岸を形成する場合は、複数の構築物の一部分を直線状に又はクランク状に石材を充填しない部分とすることにより魚道とすることもできる。
【００８６】
請求項１０に記載の発明によれば、以下の効果を有する。
（１）各囲繞枠材の継手の貫通孔を同軸で配置し、挿設部材を継手の貫通孔に挿設させることにより各囲繞枠材を連結する。従って、施工時に構築物を組み立てる場合、各囲繞枠材を連結して枠の形とするためには連結する各辺の継手に挿設部材を各々確実に挿設しなければならないため、施工時に作業者が囲繞枠材を連結し忘れることがない。従って、完成した構築物の各囲繞枠材は確実に連結されており、構築物で護岸や法面を形成するときに、施工ミスが発生することを防止することができる。
（２）構築物を分解した囲繞枠材の状態で施工現場に運搬し、施工現場において枠組立体を組み立てるため、運搬が容易である。特に、水害や斜面崩壊等の災害時において、現場に運搬するのが容易であり、現場で素早く構築物を組み立て、土石や土嚢を充填して災害の拡大防止や災害復旧を図ることが可能であり、災害時の緊急対応処置時の使用に適する。
（３）配置工程と挿設工程の繰り返しにより、構築物を施工していくので、施工作業に熟練性を要さず、１〜２人で施工していくことができ省力性に優れる。
（４）囲繞枠材配置工程で、囲繞枠材を目的の構築物の形状に配置し、挿設工程で挿設部材を継手の貫通孔に挿設し、更に、囲繞枠材内部に土石等を充填してならすことで容易に法面や護床、漁礁等を建造できる。
【００８７】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施の形態１における囲繞枠材の斜視図
【図２】本発明の実施の形態１における囲繞枠材の正面図
【図３】（ａ）図２のＡ−Ａ線矢視平面図
（ｂ）図２のＢ−Ｂ線矢視側面図
（ｃ）図２のＣ−Ｃ線矢視底面図
（ｄ）図２のＤ−Ｄ線矢視側面図
【図４】本発明の実施の形態１における囲繞枠材同士を連結させた状態を示す斜視図
【図５】本発明の実施の形態２における構築物の構築方法を表す斜視図
【図６】本発明の実施の形態２における構築物の構築方法を表す斜視図
【図７】本発明の実施の形態２における構築物の構築方法を表す斜視図
【図８】本発明の実施の形態３における構築物の正面模式図
【図９】図８のＡ−Ａ線における矢視断面模式図
【図１０】図８のＢ−Ｂ線における矢視断面模式図
【図１１】本発明の実施の形態４における構築物の正面模式図
【図１２】本発明の実施の形態４における構築物の側面模式図
【図１３】図１２のＣ部の要部拡大側面図
【図１４】本発明の実施の形態５における構築物の斜視側面図
【図１５】実施の形態６における高さ方向に直線状に伸べる擁壁や護岸等の構築物の断面模式図
【図１６】実施の形態１における囲繞枠材の斜視図
【図１７】実施の形態１における囲繞枠材の正面図
【図１８】（ａ）図１７のＡ−Ａ線矢視平面図（ｂ）図１７のＢ−Ｂ線矢視側面図（ｃ）図１７のＣ−Ｃ線矢視底面図（ｄ）図１７のＤ−Ｄ線矢視側面図
【図１９】実施の形態７における囲繞枠材同士を連結させた状態を示す斜視図
【図２０】実施の形態７における囲繞枠材を連結させた構築物の斜視図
【図２１】実施の形態８における構築物の要部斜視図
【図２２】実施の形態９における護岸等の構築物の斜視模式図
【図２３】実施の形態９における護岸等の構築物の要部上面図
【図２４】図２３のＥ−Ｅ線の矢視断面図
【符号の説明】
１囲繞枠材
２パネル本体
３格子
４開口部
５第１の辺
５ａ，５ｂ第１の継手
６第２の辺
６ａ，６ｂ第２の継手
７第３の辺
７ａ，７ｂ第３の継手
８第４の辺
８ａ，８ｂ第４の継手
９貫通孔
１０係止部
１１目盛り
１２ａ〜１２ｉ，１３ａ〜１３ｄ，１４ａ〜１４ｃ，３６，４５挿設部材
Ｐ１〜Ｐ２２，Ｐ３１〜Ｐ３５，Ｐ４１〜Ｐ４４，Ｐ５１〜Ｐ５３囲繞枠材
Ｓ１本発明の実施の形態２における構築物
Ｓ２本発明の実施の形態３における構築物
Ｓ３本発明の実施の形態４における構築物
Ｓ４本発明の実施の形態５における構築物
Ｓ２’ 本発明の実施の形態６における構築物
Ｐ３２’，Ｐ３２” 囲繞枠材
１０１囲繞枠材
１０２パネル本体
１０３格子
１０４開口部
１０５第１の辺
１０５ａ，１０５ｂ第１の継手
１０６第２の辺
１０６ａ，１０６ｂ第２の継手
１０７第３の辺
１０７ａ，１０７ｂ第３の継手
１０８第４の辺
１０８ａ，１０８ｂ第４の継手
１０９貫通孔
１１０係止部
１１２ａ，１１２ｂ挿設部材
１１３抜け止め部
１１４挿設部
Ｐ１０１,Ｐ１０２囲繞枠材
Ｓ５本発明の実施の形態７における構築物
Ｐ１０３〜Ｐ１２２囲繞枠材
Ｓ６本発明の実施の形態８における構築物
Ｐ１４１〜Ｐ１４３囲繞枠材
１４５継手
１４６開口部
Ｓ７本発明の実施の形態９における構築物
Ｐ１５１〜Ｐ１５３囲繞枠材
１５４ネット[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is used for slopes such as revetments, embankments, roads, residential areas, floor protection works, fish reefs, etc. by surrounding earth and stones, etc. The present invention relates to a go frame material used in construction, a structure using the same, and a construction method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a concrete manufacturing method frame or the like has been used as means for stabilizing the slope of a slope such as a revetment, which is a kind of structure.
However, in recent years, the disappearance of nature in river areas due to revetment has become a problem, and revetments that enable the generation of natural organisms such as herbs and mosses have been studied. In such a revetment, in order to generate natural creatures such as herbs and mosses on the slope of the revetment, crushed stones are fixed on the slope with an iron wire fence or a casta fence, and sediment is deposited between the fixed crushed stones. Thus, the generation of natural organisms such as herbs and moss is promoted.
[0003]
In addition, the debris go frame material is widely used not only for revetment but also for slopes such as embankments, roads and residential areas, floor protection works, fish reefs and the like.
[0004]
As a conventional debris go frame material, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-27758 (hereinafter referred to as “i” publication) describes that “a rigid column material is arranged at four corners and connects the end portions of each column material; In a rigid frame in which a main frame is formed, stones are packed into a frame formed by arranging screen materials on each side of the main frame, and adjacent frames are connected using a gusset plate or the like. The screen material of the surface to be connected to at least the adjacent frame is formed in a reverse curving shape that is recessed inward by a dimension capable of absorbing the protrusion of the stone packed inside. A “rigid frame” is disclosed.
[0005]
In addition, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-273909 (hereinafter referred to as “B”) discloses “a column member, a horizontal member that connects left and right ends of the column member, and front and rear ends of the column member. A frame structure unit in which a rectangular parallelepiped skeleton is made with a connecting material, and a screen material is provided on each side of the skeleton, adjacent to the river or mountain valley in the horizontal and vertical directions In a stone-filled dam, which is installed by connecting them together and filled with stone in each frame structure unit, a low-permeability permeable plate is perpendicular to the water flow direction inside the frame structure unit. Or, a stone-filled dam with a frame structure, which is provided in a slightly inclined arrangement, is disclosed.
[0006]
In addition, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-117255 (hereinafter referred to as C) discloses that a bottom metal plate made of steel bars joined in a lattice shape, a plurality of side surface metal meshes and a cover surface metal mesh are assembled in a box shape. In a steel frame made of steel, a steel pipe is fixed to the side end steel bar of the side metal mesh, and the steel pipe is connected to the side end of the side metal mesh when assembled into a box shape. The pipes are provided so that they are displaced from each other so that they do not overlap with each other, and the pipe axis is coaxial, the side wire mesh is assembled into a box shape, and the steel pipe is coaxial with the pipe axis. A steel sash frame characterized in that the side end portions of the side wire mesh are connected by inserting and connecting the steel side frames is disclosed.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above conventional techniques have the following problems.
(1) In the techniques described in A, B, and C, the shape of the frame is fixed, and it is difficult to construct it according to the shape of the site. Therefore, when it is necessary to form a curved slope with many obstacles at the construction site, as in the case of forming a slope in the upstream from the middle river basin, it can be deformed according to the situation at the site. Have difficulty.
(2) The technology described in the Gazettes A and B requires a connecting material for connecting rigid frames such as gusset plates and metal fittings, so that the construction work becomes complicated and at the same time the strength of the connecting part is increased. It is difficult to strengthen.
(3) The technology described in the Gazettes A and B has a framework formed before construction and can be filled with stones etc. even without a coupling material. There is a possibility of forgetting to attach the connecting material. Moreover, when it is constructed by stacking like a slope, it is difficult to inspect forgetting to attach the connecting material after the construction, and the completion inspection cannot be performed, resulting in lack of safety.
(4) Since the technology described in the publication No. C is assembled in a box shape with a bottom wire mesh, a side wire mesh, and a cover wire mesh, distortion and breakage are likely to occur due to stones or earth and sand filled in the interior. It is difficult to arrange the steel steel frames that are produced in parallel, and the workability is poor.
(5) The technology described in the publication No. C has a large number of members, has many welded portions such as contact portions between lattice-shaped steel bars, and is inferior in productivity.
(6) Since the round steel pipe is not arrange | positioned flush with the plane part of the steel steel frame, the technique described in the publication No. C cannot be stacked and takes a place during transportation and storage.
(7) The technology described in the publication No. C has to be welded so that the fitting member must be welded vertically to the bottom side metal mesh, and further, the self-supporting steel bar can be fitted to the fitting member so that the side wire mesh can stand vertically. The steel bar must be welded to the side wire mesh, resulting in poor productivity.
[0008]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, can be constructed according to the situation of the construction site, is excellent in productivity with a small number of members and is easy to manage the inventory. Providing go frame materials such as debris that are easy to standardize, have excellent storage and transportability, and have excellent construction accuracy and can be constructed in a short time without forgetting to connect the members. Since it can be constructed in a simple shape, it is excellent in versatility, can provide a construction with high strength and durability with few connecting members, and can be constructed in a short time with a small number of 1-2 people, An object is to provide a construction method that is excellent in labor saving, has few construction errors, and can significantly shorten the construction period.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the frame material of the present invention, the structure using the frame material, and the construction method thereof have the following configurations.
[0010]
    The surrounding frame material according to claim 1 of the present invention is a square panel body, and each side of the panel body has:It has divided areas divided into eight divided areas R1 to R8 in order from one end side,Each sideTwoJoint formed or arranged in the divided areaWhen,WithThe joint on each side is divided into R1, R5 divided areas on the first side of the four sides, R2, R6 divided areas on the second side, R3, R7 divided areas on the third side, On the fourth side, it is shaped or arranged in the divided areas of R4 and R8,And the said joint has a through-hole in the center part in parallel with the length direction of the said side, and has the structure by which the said through-hole is formed coaxially.
[0011]
  With this configuration, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since each joint of the surrounding frame material is formed or disposed in a different divided region of the outer peripheral portion of each side, when connecting the surrounding frame material, the joints do not overlap each other and the through holes are formed. It is easy to arrange them coaxially, and by inserting rod-like or tubular insertion members into these through holes, it is possible to connect the surrounding frame material infinitely vertically and horizontally.
(2) The panel body is square, and the shape of the surrounding frame material can be changed in the direction of installation because it only changes the divided area where the joint is formed or arranged, even if upside down and left and right are reversed. There is no need to worry about, and it is excellent in workability and can prevent construction mistakes.
(3) Since each joint of the surrounding frame material is formed or arranged in different divided areas on each side, the way of arranging the surrounding frame material is to place any one of the four sides at a predetermined position. There are 8 ways to arrange and one side of 4 sides in the predetermined position with the front and back reversed, and it is possible to appropriately select the joint to be connected to other surrounding frame material, so it is easy to work Excellent.
(4) Since it is possible to construct a structure by connecting joints on the outer periphery of each kind of go frame material, only one type of go frame material needs to be produced, and the productivity is excellent. At the same time, inventory management is easy.
(5) It can be constructed with only one insertion frame that connects the top, bottom, left and right by inserting a permanent civil engineering structure into one type of go frame material and joint through-hole, and the number of parts is significantly less than conventional ones. Excellent.
(6) Since only one type of go frame material can be connected indefinitely via a joint by simply changing the position of the side, not only is it possible to design civil engineering, but construction is extremely easy and workability is improved. Excellent in properties.
(7) Since the joints are respectively provided in the divided areas having different positions on the four sides of the go frame material, the other go frame materials are connected to the upper, lower, left and right and front and rear of the single go frame material by the insertion members, You can build structures.
(8) Since the joints are formed or arranged at some distance in two divided areas per side, when connecting the surrounding frame materials, the side where the non-overlapping joints are arranged is immediately It can be found, is excellent in workability, and is connected by a joint in a two-divided region, so that the surrounding frame members can be firmly connected.
(9) Since the joints are formed or arranged substantially equally in two divided areas of the same number on each side, there is no bias in connection strength when the sides are connected, and the structure is constructed. In this case, the load is applied to each joint substantially evenly, and the durability is excellent, and the impact such as a collision with a large stone can be withstood, and the impact resistance and safety are excellent.
(10) Since the joints in the two divided regions are connected, the surrounding frame members can be firmly connected to each other, the connection strength between the joints is large, and the earthquake resistance is excellent.
[0012]
Here, each go frame material is made of a cast product such as cast iron, a corrosion-resistant steel material such as stainless steel, concrete, FRP, FRTP, a composite resin with synthetic resin or filler, aluminum, or the like. In particular, it is preferable to integrally mold with a casting because it is easy to standardize and standardize, and high quality products can be mass-produced at low cost. Further, when it is integrally molded with a cast iron casting, not only is it excellent in mechanical strength, but also the oxidation in water is slow and the durability is remarkably improved, so that it can be used semipermanently.
[0013]
As a panel body, when a stone or sandbag is filled in the frame of a structure, an opening width of 10 to 200 mm, preferably about 50 to 150 mm, such as a lattice shape or a perforated plate shape is formed. As well as alleviating the problem, resource saving can be achieved. When earth and sand are filled in the slope or the like, the panel body is formed into a flat plate shape without an opening or a plate shape having one or more drain holes.
Moreover, the magnitude | size of a panel main body is suitably selected by the use of the surrounding frame material, the stone material and soil with which it fills, and the length of 1 side is 200-3600 mm, Preferably the thing of 400-900 mm is used. When the length of one side is smaller than 400 mm, it is suitably used for small openings in homes, public facilities such as parks and schools. The thing of 400-900 mm can be used conveniently for earth retaining works, retaining walls, and fishing reefs such as rivers and slopes. If it exceeds 3600 mm, there is a problem in terms of transportation, but it can be suitably used for large reefs and the like. In addition, the surrounding frame material whose length of one side is smaller than 200 mm can be resin-molded and used as a gardening material or the like for home use.
[0014]
It is preferable that the joint is formed or disposed and fixed so as to extend to the outer peripheral portion of each side of the panel body. As the divided areas where the joint is formed or arranged, for example, when the divided areas of each side are divided into four (divided areas R1 to R4), one divided area per side (for example, the first side) Is formed or arranged in the divided area R1, the second side in the divided area R2, the third side in the divided area R3, and the fourth side in the divided area R4). If there are two or three on one side (6 divisions), one on each of the other three sides, such as forming or arranging, as the number of divisions increases, each side is appropriately increased in shape or arrangement. Established.
The length in the side direction of the panel body of the joint is preferably as short as possible to reduce the weight, but may be substantially the same length as the divided area. Further, a plurality of joints may be formed or arranged in one divided area on one side. For example, two joints may be formed or arranged in the division area R1 on the first side. At this time, two narrow joints, such as a ring shape, may be formed or disposed on both ends of the divided region R1. Thereby, weight reduction can be achieved, maintaining intensity | strength.
As a shape of the through hole of the joint, it is formed in a cylindrical shape such as a circle or an ellipse, or a polygonal shape (regular triangle, regular square, regular hexagon, etc.). When the through hole is formed in a cylindrical shape, the shape of the insertion member is more preferably a columnar shape. At the time of construction work, once each joint frame is inserted into each joint and the surrounding frame materials are connected to each other, the connection angle of each surrounding frame material can be freely adjusted according to the shape of the construction site. Because.
If the shape of the structure to be constructed is determined to be rectangular, such as when used for construction of fish reefs, fishways, etc., the shape of the joint is an elliptical cylinder or a rectangular cylinder, and the insertion member The shape may be an elliptical columnar shape or a rectangular columnar shape.
[0015]
The shape of the insertion member is formed in a columnar shape or a polygonal shape (such as a regular triangle, a regular square, or a regular hexagon). The cross-sectional shape may be a polygonal shape such as a triangle, a quadrangle, or a hexagon, and the shape of the through hole of the joint may be a polygonal shape such as a triangle, a quadrangle, or a hexagon. Thereby, since the connection angle of the two surrounding frame members to be connected can be variously set and fixed, it can be freely adjusted according to the shape of the construction site, and the connection can be strengthened. Moreover, you may provide the retaining part which formed the outer shape larger than the internal diameter of a through-hole in the one end part of the insertion member. Thereby, it can prevent falling after inserting the insertion member in the through hole. At this time, a notch, a step, or the like may be provided at the opening edge of the through hole of the joint into which the insertion member is inserted. Thereby, when the insertion member is inserted into the through hole of the joint, it is possible to prevent the retaining portion from protruding from the through hole.
Moreover, as a material of the insertion member, stainless steel, round steel, deformed reinforcing bar, or the like is used. The length of the insertion member is approximately the same length as one side of the panel body, a length obtained by adding the width of the joint to twice the side of the panel body, a length approximately twice the width of the joint, etc. It is appropriately selected depending on the shape of the structure, the arrangement position of the surrounding frame material, and the like. In addition, when the joints arranged coaxially of the two surrounding frame members to be connected are adjacent to each other and the respective through-holes are arranged to communicate with each other, the insertion is approximately twice as long as the width of the joint. The installation member can be inserted into two through holes that communicate with each other. In this case, the insertion member may be short, so that the cost can be reduced.
[0018]
    The surrounding frame material according to claim 2 of the present invention is a square panel main body, and each side of the panel main body is divided into divided areas R′1 to R′3, play divided areas, divided areas R in order from one end side. And a joint formed or arranged in the two divided areas on each side, and the joint on each side has four sides. The first side is divided into R′1, R′6 divided areas, the second side is divided into R′2, R′5 divided areas, and the third side is divided into R′2, R′5 divided areas. In addition, the fourth side is formed or arranged in a divided region of R′3 and R′4, and the joint has a through hole in a central portion parallel to the length direction of the side, It has the structure by which the hole is formed coaxially.
[0019]
  With this configuration, the following operation is obtained in addition to the operation of the first aspect.
(1) Since there is a play division area, and for each side of the surrounding frame material, one joint is formed or arranged on each end side of the side, so that the connection between the surrounding frame materials is the both end portions of the side Even if there are few joints, the connection can be strengthened, and the joint can be formed or disposed only at the central part of the side and the connection strength can be prevented from being lowered at that part.
(2) For each side of the go frame material, a joint is formed or arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the side, and both sides of the play divided area are divided into 3 divided areas, and 4 sides of the go frame material Of these, there are two things that have joints in the central divided area among the three divided areas on both sides of the play divided area, and these are not arranged on opposite sides. When connecting, the joints on the sides to be connected can be connected so as to be close to each other, and the through holes of the adjacent joints can be communicated with each other, so that the insertion hole is inserted as an insertion member to be inserted into the through hole of the joint Only those having a length of about twice as long can be connected.
(3) As an insertion member to be inserted into the through hole of the joint, it can be connected only by a member having a length of about twice the insertion hole, and it is not necessary to use a member having the length of one side of the surrounding frame member. Therefore, the length can be shortened, the transportability is excellent, the cost can be reduced and the construction work can be easily performed, and only one type of insertion member needs to be prepared during the construction work. Work and preparation can be performed easily.
(4) For each side of the go frame material, the joint is formed or arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the side, so that the worker can easily recognize the position of the joint during construction work, and easily Can be built.
    Here, the play divided area preferably has a length of about 1/2 to 1/10 of the length of the side of the panel body. As a result, the connection between the surrounding frame members is performed on both end sides of the side, and even if there are few joints, the connection can be strengthened and the length of the joint can be sufficiently taken. Strength does not decrease.
[0022]
  Invention of Claim 3 of this invention is an enclosure frame material of Claim 2, Comprising: The said play division | segmentation area | region has the length more than the length of the insertion member inserted in the said through-hole. It has the composition which has.
[0023]
  With this configuration, the following operation is obtained in addition to the operation of the second aspect.
(1) Since the length of the play divided area is the same as the length of the insertion member inserted into the through hole, when connecting the two surrounding frame members, the joint is connected to the adjacent divided areas on both sides of the play divided area. When it is formed or arranged, the insertion member can be inserted into the through hole of the joint from the inside, that is, from the play division area side. Even if the through hole on the end side is blocked by another surrounding frame material or an insertion member, and the insertion member cannot be inserted from there, it can be inserted from the play divided area side, so that the workability and Excellent workability.
In addition, the insertion member used at this time has a length about twice as long as the through hole of the joint, for example, and can be inserted into the through hole where two adjacent joints communicate with each other to be connected and connected. Use what you can. Therefore, at this time, the length of the play division area is about twice the length of the through hole of the joint, that is, about twice the length of the joint.
[0024]
  Invention of Claim 4 of this invention is an enclosure frame material as described in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3, Comprising: The said joint is extended in the plane part of the said panel main body, and the same plane. Alternatively, it has a configuration in which it is formed of a tube body that is disposed and fixed and is flush with the flat portion of the panel body.
[0025]
  With this configuration, in addition to the operation of any one of claims 1 to 3, the following operation can be obtained.
(1) Since the joint thickness (maximum outer diameter) is almost the same as that of the panel body, there are no irregularities on the upper and lower surfaces of the flat surface of the panel body during transportation and storage. Also excellent in storage efficiency and transport efficiency. In the case of cast iron, there is no skid, so it is excellent in stacking workability, safety during transport and transportability.
[0028]
  Claims of the invention5The invention described in claim 1 to claims 1 to4It is an enclosure frame material as described in any one of these, Comprising: It has the structure by which the opening part is formed in the predetermined part of the said panel main body.
[0029]
  With this configuration, claims 1 to4In addition to the action of any one of the following, the following action is obtained.
(1) Water entering the structure due to rain or the like can be discharged to the outside, and water can be prevented from accumulating in the structure.
(2) When a revetment is constructed with a go frame material, an opening is formed, so that aquatic organisms can inhabit the opening and drainage of the revetment is improved. Furthermore, just by filling a large rock into the structure, sediment can be accumulated between the rocks, and vegetation grows to form a revetment close to a natural river.
(3) In the case where a water purification block having a water purification material filled therein with a go frame material is constructed, the water quality is purified through the opening.
(4) When constructing a go frame material in a staircase shape, a joint of another go frame material can be inserted vertically into an opening of one go frame material arranged horizontally, A step-like structure using a surrounding frame material can be constructed on an inclined surface of 45 ° or more, and can correspond to inclined surfaces having various inclination angles.
  Here, the shape of the opening is formed in a polygon such as a triangle or a quadrangle, a circle, an ellipse, a star, an arc, a straight slit, or the like.
  In addition, when constructing the frame material in a staircase shape, the opening portion should be arranged so that another frame material can be arranged vertically and the joint can be inserted into the opening portion. It is preferable to provide it at the approximate center of the surrounding frame material in the same direction as the side of the surrounding frame material. At this time, the width of the opening may be larger than the thickness of the joint. Thereby, a certain degree of freedom can be given to the position of the surrounding frame material arrange | positioned vertically.
[0030]
  Claims of the invention6The invention described in claim 1 to claims 1 to5It is an enclosure frame material as described in any one of these, Comprising: It has the structure by which the latching | locking part is arrange | positioned by the predetermined part of the said panel main body.
[0031]
  With this configuration, claims 1 to5In addition to the action of any one of the following, the following action is obtained.
(1) Since the locking portion is provided, a net-like body such as a net or a wire net, a vegetation mat, or the like can be easily arranged directly or with a wire.
(2) When the block body is constructed with the surrounding frame material and the inside is filled with the purifying material, it is possible to prevent the purifying material from being pulled out by disposing a net-like body such as a wire net in the opening. .
(3) When a reef block is constructed with a go frame material so that only small fish can enter and exit, a net such as a wire net whose opening diameter is slightly larger than the desired small fish is disposed in the opening. Thus, only small fish can enter and exit, and can protect themselves from natural enemies.
  Here, the shape of the locking portion is formed in a T shape, an L shape, a ret shape, or the like.
  Moreover, when the opening part is formed in the panel main body, you may arrange | position a latching | locking part in the edge part of an opening part.
[0032]
  Claims of the invention7The invention described in claim 1 to claims 1 to6It is an enclosure frame material as described in any one of these, Comprising: Of the said panel main bodyScales stamped or printed along the peripheral edge with the corner of the side as the starting pointIt has the structure provided with.
[0033]
  With this configuration, claims 1 to6In addition to the action of any one of the following actions, the following actions are obtained.
(1) When constructing a stair-like structure by connecting another go-frame material to a position above the lower go-frame material by shifting a predetermined distance, a desired inclination angle of the stair-like structure to be constructed Since it can be seen at a glance whether it can be obtained, it is excellent in workability.
  here,scaleFor example, a stamped or printed angle (degree), a method (split, minute) or the like is used.
[0034]
  Claims of the invention8The invention described in claim 1 to claims 1 to7It is an enclosure frame material as described in any one of these, Comprising: The said enclosure frame material has the structure integrally molded by the casting of cast iron.
[0035]
  With this configuration, claims 1 to7In addition to the action of any one of the following actions, the following actions are obtained.
(1) Since the joint of each go frame material is integral with the panel body, the connection strength is strong.
(2) Since the casting is integrally formed of a casting of cast iron or the like, the durability of the surrounding frame material is remarkably improved and can be used semipermanently.
(3) Since it is integrally molded from cast iron and other cast products, it is easy to standardize, has excellent mechanical strength, and can be significantly lighter than conventional ones, improving on-site transportability and workability. Can be made.
(4) Since it is made of cast iron, it does not contaminate water quality even when installed on rivers, lakes, coasts, etc., and is excellent in safety.
[0036]
  Claims of the invention9The construct according to claim 1 to claim 1.8The enclosure frame material according to any one of the above and the enclosure frame material are arranged linearly, curvedly, or orthogonally through the joint so that the through hole of the joint is coaxial. And an insertion member that is inserted into the through hole that is installed coaxially.
[0037]
With this configuration, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since the panel main body of the go frame material is square, any joint of each go frame material can be connected to each other, that is, regardless of how the joints are combined, the structure can be constructed in the same shape, It is excellent in workability and can reduce construction errors.
(2) It is possible to construct a structure with only one type of frame material and insertion member, and since the number of members is small, it is excellent in workability.
(3) A plurality of surrounding frame members can be connected in a predetermined combination to form a square or parallelogram quadrilateral, substantially circular, or stepped structure. It is possible to construct slopes, revetments, revetments, fish reefs, and other structures by filling stones into the frame of the formed structure. Constructions such as household gardening materials can be constructed. Moreover, a structure can be extended only by newly connecting a surrounding frame material to the front, back, left, and right of the structure, and a long and short structure can be constructed freely according to the depth and length of the construction site. Furthermore, the shape of the structure can be freely adjusted to the slope of the construction site by connecting the sides of the surrounding frame material to be connected to each other by shifting them vertically and horizontally and constructing them in a staircase shape.
(4) When a revetment is formed with a go frame material, it is also possible to make a fishway by setting a part of a plurality of structures as a portion not filled with stone material in a straight line or crank shape. In addition to revetments, the structures include roads and river slopes, floor protection, fishing reefs, fishways, sabo dams, embankments to prevent debris and sand from leaking along the coastline, fishing reefs for protecting small fish in lakes and rivers, etc. Can be given.
As the insertion member, stainless steel, round steel, deformed reinforcing bar or the like is used.
Further, the shape of the insertion member is formed in a columnar shape or a polygonal shape (such as a regular triangle, a regular square, or a regular hexagon), and is preferably a columnar shape. At the time of construction work, once each joint frame is inserted into each joint and the surrounding frame materials are connected to each other, the connection angle of each surrounding frame material can be freely adjusted according to the shape of the construction site. Because.
In addition, the length of the insertion member is approximately the same length as one side of the panel body, the length obtained by adding the width of the joint to twice the side of the panel body, the length approximately twice as long as the joint, etc. It is appropriately selected depending on the shape of the structure, the arrangement position of the surrounding frame material, the positional relationship of the joints to be connected, and the like.
[0038]
  Claims of the invention10The construction method of the structure described in claim 1 to claim 18An enclosure frame material arrangement step in which two or more enclosure frame members according to any one of the above are arranged so that the through-holes of the joints are coaxial, and the enclosure frame material arranged in the enclosure frame material arrangement step An insertion step of inserting an insertion member into the through hole of the joint.
[0039]
With this configuration, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The through holes of the joints of the surrounding frame members are arranged coaxially, and the surrounding frame members are connected by inserting the insertion members into the through holes of the joints. Therefore, when assembling a structure at the time of construction, in order to connect the surrounding frame materials to form a frame, the insertion members must be securely inserted into the joints on each side to be connected. The person never forgets to connect the go frame material. Therefore, the surrounding frame members of the completed structure are securely connected, and it is possible to prevent a construction error from occurring when forming a seawall or a slope with the structure.
(2) Since the structure is transported to the construction site in the state of the surrounding frame material and the frame assembly is assembled at the construction site, transportation is easy. In particular, in the event of a disaster such as a flood or slope failure, it is easy to transport to the site, and it is possible to assemble the structure quickly on the site and fill the earth and sandbags to prevent the disaster from expanding and to recover from the disaster. Suitable for use in emergency response procedures in the event of a disaster.
(3) Since the construction is performed by repeating the placement process and the insertion process, the construction work does not require skill, and can be performed by one or two people, and is excellent in labor saving.
(4) In the surrounding frame material arranging step, the surrounding frame material is arranged in the shape of the target structure, the inserting member is inserted into the through hole of the joint in the inserting step, and further, debris and the like are placed inside the surrounding frame material. By filling it, you can easily build slopes, floor protection, fishing reefs, etc.
[0040]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Embodiment 1)
The surrounding frame material according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0041]
  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a surrounding frame material according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view thereof.
  1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a go frame material according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, which is formed of a square panel having a joint on each side and is integrally formed of cast iron, and 2 is a square of the go frame material 1. 3 is a grid formed in the panel body 2, 4 is an opening of the grid 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are first to fourth sides of the panel body 2, and 5a and 5b are first. The first joint formed along the side 5, 6 a, 6 b formed the second joint formed along the second side 6, 7 a, 7 b formed along the third side 7 The third joints 8 a and 8 b formed are fourth joints formed along the fourth side 8. 1st joint 5a, 5b, 2nd joint 6a, 6b, 3rd joint 7a, 7b, 4th joint 8a, 8b (Hereinafter, this group of joints is called 1st thru | or 4th joint 5a-8b. ) Is formed to extend to the outer side of the surrounding frame member 1 with a length of about 1/8 of the side of the panel body 2 or slightly shorter than that. 9 is a cylindrical through-hole formed in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the central part of the first to fourth joints 5a to 8b, and 10 is formed on the edge (inner wall) of a predetermined opening 4 to form a vegetation mat or A T-shaped locking portion for locking a mesh body such as a wire mesh, 11 is an angle (degree) or a method (in degrees) or stamped or printed along the peripheral edge of each side of the front and back surfaces (upper and lower surfaces) of the panel body 2 Percent, minute) displayscaleIt is.
[0042]
  The go frame material 1 may be made of a corrosion resistant steel material such as stainless steel, aluminum, concrete, FRP, FRTP, a composite resin with a synthetic resin or a filler, or the like. Moreover, the 1st thru | or 4th coupling 5a-8b may be formed integrally or separately, and the cylindrical body divided | segmented orthogonally to the longitudinal direction may be used. Further, the thickness (maximum outer diameter) of the first to fourth joints 5 a to 8 b is formed to be substantially the same as that of the panel body 2. As a result, since there is no uneven portion during transport or storage, the storage efficiency is excellent even when stacked, and the stacking can be performed stably, so that the collapse of the load is unlikely to occur and the safety and transportability during transport are excellent. The opening 4 may be provided with a slit having a circular arc shape or a straight shape, or an opening having a circular shape or a linear pattern. The design can be improved by combining the openings of these shapes to form a predetermined pattern. In addition, the opening diameter of the opening 4 is appropriately selected depending on the size of the earth and stone to be surrounded by the surrounding frame material 1, the size of the purification material, the type of fish, and the like. Moreover, when surrounding earth and sand etc., in order to prevent earth and sand etc. leaking, the opening part 4 is not provided but the panel main body 2 may be formed in flat form.
  The locking portion 10 may be formed in an L shape, a ret shape, a saddle shape, or the like.
  The scale 11 isEachscaleA corner of 11 opposite sides is used as a base point, and an angle and a method for the side are shown.
[0043]
Next, the forming positions on each side of the first to fourth joints will be described.
3A is a plan view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2, FIG. 3B is a side view taken along the line BB in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3C is a view taken along the line C in FIG. FIG. 3C is a bottom view taken along line C, and FIG. 3D is a side view taken along line DD in FIG.
In FIG. 3, 1 is the surrounding frame material in the first embodiment, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are first to fourth sides, 5a to 8b are first to fourth joints, and these are shown in FIG. And since it is the same as that of FIG. 2, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
R1 to R8 are divided areas in which each of the first to fourth sides is divided into eight in order from the left end or the upper end.
As shown in FIG. 3, the divided areas formed by the first to fourth joints 5 a to 8 b are different for each side, and the first joints 5 a and 5 b are divided areas R <b> 1 of the first side 5. , R5, the second joints 6a, 6b are formed in the divided areas R2, R6 of the second side 6, and the third joints 7a, 7b are divided in the divided areas R3, R7 of the third side 7. The fourth joints 8a and 8b are formed in the divided areas R4 and R8 of the fourth side 8 and are formed in different divided areas.
[0044]
The construction method of the surrounding frame material in Embodiment 1 configured as described above will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0045]
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which the surrounding frame members in Embodiment 1 of the present invention are connected to each other.
4, P1 and P2 are the same as the surrounding frame material 1 of FIGS. 1 to 3, and the surrounding frame material P2 is disposed by rotating the surrounding frame material P1 by 90 °. 12a is a stainless steel or round steel whose outer diameter is substantially the same as or slightly smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical inner wall of the first to fourth joints 5a to 8b and whose length is substantially the same as the side length of the panel body 2. The insertion member formed of a deformed reinforcing bar or the like, α is an open angle between the surrounding frame material P1 and the surrounding frame material P2.
First, the second joints 6a and 6b of the surrounding frame member P1 and the first joints 5a and 5b of the surrounding frame member P2 are disposed with the respective through holes 9 being coaxial (arrangement step). Next, the insertion member 12a is inserted into the through holes 9 of the second joints 6a and 6b of the surrounding frame member P1 and the first joints 5a and 5b of the surrounding frame member P2 which are arranged coaxially (insertion step). ). Thereby, the surrounding frame material P1 and the surrounding frame material P2 are connected in a state in which the opening angle α is adjustable. Next, the opening angle α is set to a desired angle, and a nail, a wedge (not shown) or the like is driven into a gap between a predetermined joint into which the insertion member 12a is inserted and the insertion member 12a to fix the insertion member 12a. To do. Thereby, the opening angle α is also fixed at a desired angle.
In the first embodiment, the second joints 6a and 6b of the surrounding frame member P1 and the first joints 5a and 5b of the surrounding frame member P2 are connected, but the joints do not overlap each other and pass through. It is only necessary that the holes 9 can be arranged coaxially, and the holes 9 may be appropriately selected from the first to fourth joints 5a to 8b and connected. For example, the joints of the surrounding frame material P2 that can be connected to the second joints 6a and 6b of the surrounding frame material P1 include the first joints 5a and 5b, the third joints 7a and 7b, and the fourth joints 8a and 8b. There are first joints 5a, 5b, second joints 6a, 6b, fourth joints 8a, 8b, etc., which are upside down or left and right. When building a staircase structure, the surrounding frame members to be connected may be connected to each other by shifting them forward and backward so that the joints do not overlap each other.
In the first embodiment, the through-holes 9 of the first to fourth joints 5a to 8b are formed in a cylindrical shape, but a polygonal cylindrical shape (triangular cylindrical shape, hexagonal cylindrical shape, etc.). In some cases, it is formed. By forming the insertion member 12a in a polygonal cylinder shape in accordance with this polygonal cylindrical shape, the opening angle α can be held at every predetermined angle.
As described above, by sequentially connecting the surrounding frame materials 1 vertically and horizontally, a structure having a desired shape such as a planar shape or a staircase shape is formed.
[0046]
  As described above, the surrounding frame material according to the first embodiment is configured, and thus has the following effects.
(1) Since the first to fourth joints 5a to 8b of the surrounding frame member 1 are formed in different divided regions of the divided regions R1 to R8, the joints of the surrounding frame members 1 to be connected overlap each other. It is easy to arrange the through holes 9 coaxially without matching, and the surrounding frame material 1 can be connected infinitely in the vertical and horizontal directions by using the insertion member 12a.
(2) The joints to be connected are the first joints 5a and 5b, the second joints 6a and 6b, the third joints 7a and 7b, the fourth joints 8a and 8b, and the first joint for each enclosure frame material. Thru | or the 4th coupling 5a-8b, since it is suitably selected from 8 patterns with what turned right and left or upside down, it is excellent in workability and versatility.
(3) Since the first to fourth joints 5a to 8b are formed in 1/8 or less of each side and are formed in different divided areas on each side, one insertion member It is also possible to connect the four surrounding frame members 1 in a cross shape with 12a.
(4) Surrounding only by an arranging step of arranging the through holes 9 between the joints of the surrounding frame members 1 coaxially and an inserting step of inserting the inserting member into the joint arranged with the through holes 9 coaxial. Since the frame members can be connected, the workability is excellent and the surrounding members are connected and do not stand alone unless the insertion member is inserted, so that construction errors can be extremely reduced.
(5) An insertion member must be inserted to connect the surrounding frame members 1 to each other, and since there is no halfway state such as temporary fixing, it is easy to check for construction errors.
(6) Since the panel body 2 of the surrounding frame material 1 is square, the construction can be constructed in the same shape except that any joints are connected to each other except that the arrangement (combination) of the joints is changed. It is possible and excellent in workability.
(7) Just by connecting the joints of the go frame material 1, it can be constructed in various shapes such as large and small cubes, rectangular parallelepipeds, wall shapes, staircases, etc. It can be used for various purposes such as a purification material block filled with a purification material, and is excellent in versatility.
(8) Since it is possible to form a desired structure using only one type of go frame material 1 and one type of insertion member, the number of members is small, the productivity is excellent, and inventory management is easy. .
(9) By disposing a mesh body such as a wire mesh or a vegetation mat on the locking portion 10 by locking or locking the opening 4 of the surrounding frame material with a wire or the like, the contents can be prevented from dropping off. , Rearing of fry, vegetation, and design of the structure can be improved.
(10) When the revetment is constructed with the go frame material 1, since the opening 4 is formed, aquatic organisms can inhabit the opening 4 and drainage of the revetment is improved. Furthermore, just by filling a large rock into the structure, sediment can be accumulated between the rocks, and vegetation grows to form a revetment close to a natural river.
(11) When the water purification block in which the water purification material is filled with the surrounding frame material 1 is constructed, sewage flows from the opening 4 and purification is performed.
(12) When constructing a staircase structure by connecting the frame material 1 with a slight shift in the vertical direction, the angle by shifting isscale11 so you can see at a glancescaleBy simply constructing with, you can build a staircase structure as designed, and it has excellent workability.
[0047]
(Embodiment 2)
Next, the construction method of the structure in this Embodiment 2 using the go frame material of Embodiment 1 is demonstrated below using drawing.
5 to 7 are perspective views showing the construction method of the construction in the second embodiment.
5 to 7, P3 to P22 are the same frame materials as P1 and P2 in the first embodiment, and S1 (FIG. 7) is a water purification block for filling the inside with a water purification material or a fishing reef. The structures 12b to 12i, 13a to 13d, and 14a to 14c in which the frame members P3 to P22 are connected have outer diameters substantially equal to or slightly smaller than the inner diameters of the through holes 9 of the first to fourth joints 5a to 8b. Stainless steel, round steel, deformed reinforcing bars, etc., and the lengths of the insertion members 12b to 12i are substantially the same as the length of one side of the panel body 2, and the lengths of the insertion members 13a to 13d. Is the distance between the sides of the two sides when the two body frame members 1 are juxtaposed (approximately the same length as the sum of the length of one side of the surrounding member and the height of the joint is slightly shorter). The length of each of the insertion members 14a to 14c is the same as that of the two surrounding frames. It is made substantially equal to the distance between the ends of both sides of the joint when the 1 juxtaposed (the length of the panel body 2 Ichi sides).
[0048]
First, as shown in FIG. 5, joints formed on adjacent sides (here, the second joints 6a and 6b of the surrounding frame member P3 and the first of the surrounding frame member P4) as in the first embodiment. The joints 8a and 8b of No. 4 and the through holes 9 of the first joints 5a and 5b) of the surrounding frame member P5 are arranged coaxially, and the surrounding frame members P3, P4 and P5 are erected in a T shape. Next, the insertion member 12b is inserted into the through holes 9 of the joints arranged coaxially. Thereby, the surrounding frame materials P3, P4, and P5 will be in the state where the edge parts were connected in T shape. Here, the combination of the joints of the surrounding frame members P3, P4, and P5 arranged in a straight line allows the through holes 9 to be arranged coaxially without coupling the joints of the surrounding frame members P3, P4, and P5 to be connected. Any joint can be used. For example, as a combination of the joints in this case, a combination of the first joints 5a and 5b of the surrounding frame member P3, the second joints 6a and 6b of the surrounding frame member P4, and the third joints 7a and 7b of the surrounding frame member P5. Or, the second joints 6a and 6b of the surrounding frame member P3 and the second joints 6a and 6b of the surrounding frame member P4 and the fourth of the surrounding frame member P5 are turned upside down. A combination of the joints 8a and 8b is used.
[0049]
Similarly, as shown in FIG. 6, the second joints 7a and 7b of the surrounding frame member P5 and
The through-holes 9 of the joints of the surrounding frame materials P6, P7, and P8 that do not overlap each other are arranged coaxially, and the insertion member 12c is inserted into these. Subsequently, the fourth joints 7a and 7b of the surrounding frame member P8 and the tubular portions 9 of the joints of the surrounding frame members P9 and P10 that do not overlap with each other are arranged coaxially, and the insertion member 12d is inserted therein.
[0050]
Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the surrounding frame materials P11, P12, P13 (not shown) and P14 which are the bottom of the structure S1, the surrounding frame materials P15, P16, P17 and P18 which are the side walls, and P19 which is the upper wall. , P20, P21, P22 are arranged in such a direction that the joints do not overlap with each other, and each insertion member 12e-12l, 12m, 12n (not shown because it is the bottom), 13a-13c, 13d ( 14a to 14c, 14d (not shown) because they are the bottom side, and the construction S1 is constructed.
In the second embodiment, three types of lengths of insertion members are used. However, the present invention can be similarly implemented by using only the same length types as the insertion members 12b to 12i. The insertion members 13a to 13d have a length from one end portion to the other end portion of the panel body (not including a joint) when two or more surrounding frame members are connected (two surrounding frame members in FIG. 7), The insertion members 14a to 14d are formed to have a length from a joint at one end to a joint at the other end when two or more surrounding frame members are connected (two surrounding frame members in FIG. 7). By using a long member such as the insertion member 13 or 14, a straight line can be easily drawn at the time of construction, and the short insertion member 12 (the length of the panel body) can be reduced to improve the workability of the conveyance work. .
[0051]
According to the structure of the second embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the following action is obtained in addition to the action of the first embodiment.
(1) It only repeats the arrangement | positioning process which arrange | positions the through-hole 9 of the joints of each surrounding frame material 1 coaxially, and the insertion process which inserts an insertion member in the coupling arrange | positioned with the through-hole 9 coaxially. Thus, since the construction S1 can be constructed, it is excellent in workability and construction errors can be extremely reduced.
(2) Since the insertion members 12b to 12i, 13a to 13d, and 14a to 14c of three types of length are used, the insertion member is appropriately selected and used depending on the number and position of surrounding frame members to be connected. It can be done and has excellent workability.
(3) The structure S1 can be used as a water purification block for purifying the river or the like by filling a water quality purification material such as charcoal and submerging it in the sea or river.
(4) The structure S1 can be used as a fishing reef by submerging the structure S1 as it is in the sea or a river. If the water purification material to be filled in the structure S1 is smaller than the opening diameter of the opening 4 and there is a risk of being pulled out of the structure S1, a mesh body such as a wire mesh is engaged with the locking part 10 with a wire or the like. The opening 4 is used while being stopped.
[0052]
(Embodiment 3)
Next, the construction method of the structure in this Embodiment 3 using the go frame material of Embodiment 1 is demonstrated below, referring drawings.
FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a structure such as a retaining wall or a revetment that extends linearly in the height direction in the third embodiment, and FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.
8-10, S2 is the structure which is a revetment constructed according to the inclined surface (not shown) of a construction site, P31-P35 is the surrounding frame material similar to P1, P2 of Embodiment 1, 36 Is an insertion member inserted into each joint in order to connect the surrounding frame members P31 to P35.
In addition, since the method of connecting the joint of the surrounding frame material to connect with an insertion member is the same as that of Embodiment 2, description of the insertion method of an insertion member is abbreviate | omitted.
First, the surrounding frame materials P31, P31 ′, and P31 ″ are connected to construct the first stage of the construction S2. At this time, as shown in FIG. 10, the surrounding frame is matched with the lateral curvature of the inclined surface of the construction site. The opening angle β between the materials P31 ′ and the opening angle θ between the surrounding frame materials P31 ″ are adjusted. Next, the second stage frame material P32 is connected to the upper part of the first stage frame material P31 to construct the second stage of the structure S2. Next, stones and earth and sand are filled up to the first level. At this time, if stones and earth and sand are filled up to the second level, the surrounding frame material P32 connected to the second level is pressed and fixed to the outside, and it becomes difficult to connect the third level surrounding frame material P33. Therefore, by filling stones and earth and sand up to the number of stages one level lower than the number of constructed stages (for example, filling up to the first stage after construction up to the second stage), the uppermost frame material P31 is somewhat flexible. The next stage can be easily connected. In the same manner, when the third stage of the building frame P33 is connected to the third stage of the frame frame P33, and then the second stage is filled and connected to the fourth stage of the frame frame material P34 to construct the structure S2. Fill up to the third stage.
The above operation is repeated to a desired height (the number of steps), and the uppermost enclosure frame material is filled with earth and sand or stone, and the structure S2 (bank protection) is constructed on the inclined surface.
In addition, before construction S2 is constructed, the ground surface with which the rear side of the lowest part of construction S2 contacts is excavated so that the whole structure S2 may incline to a desired angle according to the inclined surface.
[0053]
According to the structure of the third embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the following operation is obtained in addition to the operation of the first embodiment.
(1) Since the structure S2 (bank revetment) can be formed by adjusting the open angles β and θ in accordance with the lateral curvature of the inclined surface at the construction site, it is excellent in workability and versatility.
[0054]
    (Embodiment 4)
  Next, a construction method for a structure constructed in a stepped shape such as a slope in the fourth embodiment using the go frame material of the first embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings.
  FIG. 11 is a schematic front view of the structure according to the fourth embodiment, FIG. 12 is a schematic side view thereof, and FIG. 13 is an enlarged side view of a main part of C part in FIG.
  11 to 13, S3 is a structure that is a slope formed in a stepped manner in accordance with an inclined surface (not shown) of the construction site, and P41 to P44 are the same enclosures as P1 and P2 of the first embodiment. A frame member 45 is an insertion member inserted in each joint to connect the surrounding frame members P41 to P44. 11 and 12, the insertion member 45 is shown only up to the second stage of the structure S3, but the insertion member is appropriately inserted in the connecting portion (joint) between the surrounding frame members. . Moreover, since the method of connecting the joints of the surrounding frame members by the insertion member is the same as that of the second embodiment, description of the insertion method of the insertion member is omitted.
  First, the first frame of the structure S3 is constructed by connecting the surrounding frame material P41 as the bottom wall and the front wall of the building S3, the surrounding frame material P41 ′ as the side wall, and the surrounding frame material P41 ″ as the upper wall. Next, the lower joint of the surrounding frame member P42 which becomes the second and subsequent side walls of the structure S3 is connected to the upper joint of the surrounding frame member P41 ′ and the side joint of the surrounding frame member P41 ″. At this time, the surrounding frame material P41 'scaleThe front end portion of the surrounding frame member P42 is aligned with a predetermined scale of 11 (see FIG. 1) according to a desired inclination angle, and is connected to the rear side by shifting backward. Next, the lower end portion of the surrounding frame material P43, which is the front wall of the second and subsequent stages of the structure S3, is brought into contact with the upper surface of the surrounding frame material P41 ″ so that the joint on the side of the surrounding frame material P43 is in front of the surrounding frame material P42. Next, the front end portion of the surrounding frame material P44, which is the upper wall of the second and subsequent stages of the structure S3, is brought into contact with the rear surface of the surrounding frame material P43, and the side joint of the surrounding frame material P44 is connected. It connects with the joint of the upper part of the surrounding frame material P42, and the 2nd step | level of the structure S3 is constructed | assembled by this.
  The above operation is repeated to a desired height (the number of steps), and the uppermost enclosure frame material is filled with earth and sand or stone, and the step-like structure S3 (bank protection) is constructed on the inclined surface.
[0055]
  According to the structure of the fourth embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the following action is obtained in addition to the action of the first embodiment.
(1) A predetermined other frame material is placed above the frame material located below.On scale 11By connecting them while shifting them by a predetermined distance, the step-like structure S3 can be easily constructed, and the workability is excellent.
[0056]
(Embodiment 5)
Next, a construction method for a structure in the fifth embodiment using the go frame material of the first embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view of a structure such as a seawall in the fifth embodiment.
In FIG. 14, S4 is a structure which is a revetment formed in a staircase shape according to an inclined surface (not shown) of the construction site. The structure S4 of the fifth embodiment is different from the structure S3 of the fourth embodiment in that the structure S4 is curved as a whole without the surrounding frame material serving as the upper wall and the bottom wall. P51 to P53 are the same frame materials as P1 and P2 of the first embodiment.
In addition, since the method of connecting the joint of each surrounding frame material with an insertion member is the same as that of Embodiment 2, description of an insertion member and its insertion method is abbreviate | omitted.
First, the first stage of the construction S4 is constructed with the surrounding frame material P51 in accordance with the curvature of the inclined surface, and the inside is filled with earth and sand or stone (not shown). At this time, since the frame body composed of the four surrounding frame members P51 connected to each other does not have the upper wall and the bottom wall, the frame body can be distorted into a rhombus shape in plan view, corresponding to the curvature of the inclined surface. be able to.
Next, the second stage (go frame material P52) and the third stage (go frame material P53) are stacked on the first stage while shifting along the inclined surface.
The above operation is repeated to a desired height (the number of steps), and a step-shaped curved structure S4 (bank protection) is applied to the curved inclined surface.
In some cases, each time the structure S4 is constructed in one stage, a net-like body such as a wire net is provided on the upper surface to prevent the earth and sand and stones from flowing out, or a vegetation mat is provided to be integrated with nature.
[0057]
According to the structure of the fifth embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the following operation is obtained in addition to the operation of the first embodiment.
(1) Since it can be freely curved and constructed, it can be used for inclined surfaces with various curved surfaces, so it is highly versatile, and it is skilled because it only connects and stacks each frame material. It is excellent in workability without the need for properties.
[0058]
(Embodiment 6)
Next, the construction method of the structure in this Embodiment 6 using the go frame material of Embodiment 1 is demonstrated below, referring drawings.
FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure such as a retaining wall or a revetment that extends linearly in the height direction in the sixth embodiment.
In FIG. 15, S2 ′ is a structure which is a revetment constructed in accordance with an inclined surface (not shown) at the construction site, and P31, P31 ′, and P31 ″ are enclosure frames similar to those described in the third embodiment. , P32 ′ and P32 ″ are enclosure frame members connected in a regular triangle together with P31 ′ and P31 ″. The sixth embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment, and is the same as the third embodiment. 3 in which the open angles β and θ are 60 °, and the surrounding frame material of the curved portion is connected in an equilateral triangle, that is, the P31 ′s that are connected so that the connection angle θ can be changed, and the connection angle β Are fixed together with surrounding frame members P32 ′ and P32 ″, and the construction method is the same as that of the third embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
[0059]
According to the structure of the sixth embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the following actions are obtained in addition to the actions of the third embodiment.
(1) Since the surrounding frame material of the curved portion is connected in an equilateral triangle shape, the curved portion of the structure can be more firmly fixed.
[0060]
(Embodiment 7)
The surrounding frame material according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0061]
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an enclosure frame member according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention, and FIG. 17 is a front view thereof.
16 and 17, reference numeral 101 denotes a go frame material according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention, which is formed of a square panel having a joint on each side, and is integrally molded from cast iron, and 102 is a square of the go frame material 101. Panel body 103, a grid formed on the panel body 102, 104 an opening of the grid 103, 105, 106, 107, and 108 are first to fourth sides of the panel body 102, and 105 a and 105 b are first panels. The first joint 106a, 106b is formed along the second side 106, the second joint 106a, 106b is formed along the second side 106, and the 107a, 107b is formed along the third side 107. The third joints 108 a and 108 b formed are fourth joints formed along the fourth side 108. 1st joint 105a, 105b, 2nd joint 106a, 106b, 3rd joint 107a, 107b, 4th joint 108a, 108b (Hereinafter, this group of joints is called 1st thru | or 4th joint 105a-108b. ) Is formed to have a length of about 1/8 of the side length of the panel main body 102. The length is not limited to about 1/8, and may be about 1/50 if mechanical strength permits. Further, one to three of about 1/24 may be provided. The first to fourth joints 105 a to 108 b have the same thickness as the panel main body 102 and are formed on the outer peripheral portion of the panel main body 102. As a result, when the Go frame material 101 is stacked and stored in a warehouse or the like, the upper surface and the lower surface side have no irregularities and are stable so that they are excellent in safety. Excellent. Reference numeral 109 denotes a cylindrical, triangular, square, or other polygonal cylindrical through-hole formed in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the central portion of the first to fourth joints 105 a to 108 b, and 110 denotes a predetermined opening 104 on the inner wall It is a T-shaped locking portion that is formed and locks a net-like body such as a vegetation mat or a wire net.
[0062]
Next, the forming positions on each side of the first to fourth joints will be described.
18A is a plan view taken along line AA in FIG. 17, FIG. 18B is a side view taken along line BB in FIG. 17, and FIG. 18C is C in FIG. FIG. 18C is a bottom view taken along line C, and FIG. 18D is a side view taken along line DD in FIG.
In FIG. 18, reference numeral 101 denotes an enclosure frame material according to the seventh embodiment, 105, 106, 107, 108 are first to fourth sides, and 105a to 108b are first to fourth joints, which are shown in FIG. And since it is the same as that of FIG. 2, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
R′A is a play division arranged at the center of each of the first to fourth sides, and R′1 to R′6 are both sides of the play divisions R′A of each of the first to fourth sides. Is a divided area that is divided into three equal parts, for a total of six parts.
As shown in FIG. 18, the first joints 105 a and 105 b are formed in the divided areas R ′ 1 and R ′ 6 of the first side 105, and the second joints 106 a and 106 b are divided of the second side 106. The third joints 107a and 107b are formed in the divided areas R′2 and R′5 of the third side 107, and the fourth joints 108a and 108b are formed in the regions R′2 and R′5. 4 are formed in the divided areas R ′ 3 and R ′ 4 of the four sides 108. The first to fourth joints 105a to 108b are respectively formed symmetrically with respect to the central portion of each side. Thereby, even if the surrounding frame material is turned upside down for the first to fourth sides 105 to 108, the position of the joint does not change for each side, so that the operator can easily recognize and improve workability. Can do.
Further, the second joints 106a and 106b and the third joints 107a and 107b have the same divided areas, but this corresponds to the side corresponding to one side of the four sides of the surrounding frame material. This is to increase workability by increasing the number of sides that can be selected by using at least two sides. That is, if the first side 105 is in contact with and connected to the second side 106 or the third side 107 of another surrounding frame member to be connected, the joints are coaxial, and the joints are adjacent to each other. And since each through-hole communicates, the insertion member which has about twice the length of the through-hole can be connected and connected. Similarly, the second side 106 can be in contact with and connected to the first side 105 and the fourth side 108, and the third side 107 can be connected to the first side 105, the fourth side 108, and the fourth side 108. Since the fourth side 108 can be brought into contact with and connected to the second side 106 and the third side 107, there is at least two corresponding sides for each side. In addition, there are many sides that can be selected, and the workability during construction can be improved.
[0063]
The construction method of the surrounding frame material in the seventh embodiment configured as described above will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0064]
FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a state in which the surrounding frame members in Embodiment 7 of the present invention are connected to each other.
In FIG. 19, P101 and P102 are the same as the surrounding frame material 101 of FIGS. 112a and 112b are stainless steels whose outer diameters are substantially the same as or slightly smaller than the diameters of the cylindrical inner walls of the first to fourth joints 105a to 108b, and whose length is almost the same as twice the length of the joints. Insertion members such as round steel and deformed reinforcing bars, α is an open angle between the surrounding frame material P101 and the surrounding frame material P102. The insertion members 112a and 112b have a retaining portion 113 having an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the through hole at one end. Thereby, when inserting the insertion member into the through hole of the joint, the insertion member does not fall off. Further, if the retaining portion 113 is driven into the through hole and fixed, it will not fall out and can be fixed more firmly. At this time, the retaining portion is formed so as to slightly protrude from the through hole, or the retaining portion penetrates by providing a notch or a step in the opening of the through hole of the joint into which the insertion member is inserted. It is preferable not to protrude from the hole so that the retaining portion does not interfere with the connection of the surrounding frame material by blocking other through holes. Moreover, you may form the insertion part 114 which made the outer diameter small toward the edge part in the other end part of the insertion member. Thereby, even if the outer diameter of the insertion member is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the through hole, the insertion member can be easily inserted. Alternatively, the insertion member may be fixed by driving a nail or a wedge into the gap between the joint where the insertion member is inserted and the insertion member.
First, the second joints 106a and 106b of the surrounding frame member P101 and the first joints 105a and 105b of the surrounding frame member P102 are disposed with the respective through holes 109 being coaxial (arrangement step). Next, the insertion members 112a and 112b are arranged coaxially, and the second joint 106a of the surrounding frame member P101, the through hole 109 of the first joint 105a of the surrounding frame member P102, and the first joint 105a of the surrounding frame member P101. The second joint 106b and the through-hole 109 of the first joint 105b of the surrounding frame material P102 are inserted (insertion step). Thereby, the surrounding frame material P101 and the surrounding frame material P102 are connected in a state where the opening angle α is adjustable. Next, the opening angle α is set to a desired angle, and the retaining member 113 of the insertion member 112a is driven to fix the insertion member 112a. Thereby, the opening angle α is also fixed at a desired value.
In the first embodiment, the second joints 106a and 106b of the surrounding frame member P101 are connected to the first joints 105a and 105b of the surrounding frame member P102 (the through holes 109 are arranged coaxially). However, it is only necessary that the through-holes can be coaxially arranged without overlapping each other, and the first through fourth joints 105a to 108b are appropriately selected and connected. For example, as a joint of the surrounding frame material P102 that can be connected to the second joints 106a and 106b of the surrounding frame material P101, the first joints 105a and 105b, the fourth joints 108a and 108b, upside down or left and right are reversed. There are first joints 105b and 105a, fourth joints 108b and 108a, and the like. When building a staircase structure, the surrounding frame members to be connected may be connected to each other by shifting them forward and backward so that the joints do not overlap each other.
In the seventh embodiment, the through hole 109 of the first to fourth joints 105a to 108b is formed in a cylindrical shape, but is a polygonal cylinder (triangular cylinder, hexagonal cylinder, etc.). In some cases, it is formed. By forming the insertion member 112a in a polygonal cylinder shape in conformity with the polygonal cylinder shape, the opening angle α can be held at every predetermined angle.
As described above, by sequentially arranging the surrounding frame members 101, a structure having a desired shape such as a cubic shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, or a staircase shape is formed.
[0065]
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a structure in which go frames are connected in the seventh embodiment.
In FIG. 20, P103 to P122 are surrounding frame members similar to P101 and P102 of FIG. 19, and S5 is connected to a water purification block for filling the inside with a water purification material or a surrounding frame material P103 to P122 used as a fishing reef. The structure 112 is made of stainless steel whose outer diameter is substantially the same as or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole 109 of the first to fourth joints 105a to 108b, and whose length is approximately the same as twice the through hole of the joint. Insertion members such as round steel and deformed steel bars.
As shown in FIG. 20, the surrounding frame materials P111, P112, P113 (not shown) and P114 which are the bottom of the structure S5, and the surrounding frame materials P103, P104, P105, P106, P115, P116, P117 and P118 which are the side walls. Then, P119, P120, P121, and P122 serving as the upper walls are arranged in such a direction that the joints do not overlap each other, and each insertion member 112 is inserted into each through-hole 109 to construct the structure S5. Note that, unlike the structure S1 of the second embodiment, the structure S5 is not provided with an enclosure frame inside and is not partitioned. For this reason, although the strength of the structure is lowered, it is effective to reduce the cost required for construction when construction is performed in a place where earth pressure is not applied to the construction after construction. In this way, if a car or truck passes after construction and a high earth pressure is applied to the structure, it is built with a partition inside the structure to increase the strength, and if earth pressure is not applied, the number of the inside breaks It is preferable to reduce the cost, for example, by reducing.
In the seventh embodiment, since the insertion member 112 having one kind of length (twice the length of the through hole of the joint) is used, various lengths can be used as the insertion member during construction work. It is not necessary to appropriately select those having the above, and the operation is easy.
As described above, a rectangular parallelepiped structure as shown in FIG. 20 can be formed as an example by sequentially connecting the surrounding frame members 101 by the method shown in FIG.
[0066]
As described above, the surrounding frame material of the seventh embodiment is configured, and thus has the following actions in addition to the actions of the first embodiment.
(1) A desired structure can be formed using one type of surrounding frame material 101 and one type of insertion member 112, and the insertion member 112 such as a long one or a short one during construction work. Is not necessary to be selected as appropriate, the operation is easy, the number of member types is small, the productivity is excellent, and the inventory management is easy.
(2) For each side of the go frame material 101, the joint is formed or arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the side, so that the worker can easily recognize and construct it easily during the construction work. And workability is excellent.
[0067]
(Embodiment 8)
Next, a construction method for a structure constructed in a stepped shape such as a slope in the eighth embodiment using the go frame material of the seventh embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings. The structure of the eighth embodiment is constructed in the same manner as the structure constructed in a staircase shape as described in the fourth embodiment using the surrounding frame material described in the seventh embodiment.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of main parts of the structure according to the eighth embodiment.
In FIG. 21, S6 is a structure which is a slope formed in a stepped manner in accordance with an inclined surface (not shown) at the construction site, P141 to P143, P141 ′ to P143 ′, and P141 ″ to P143 ″ are embodiments. 7 is similar to P101 and P102, 145 is a joint formed at the lower part of each of the surrounding frame materials P142 ′ and P143 ′, and 146 is an opening of the surrounding frame materials P141 ″ and P142 ″.
[0068]
About the structure of this Embodiment 8 comprised as mentioned above, the construction method is demonstrated.
First, the first frame of the structure S6 is constructed by connecting the surrounding frame material P141 ′ serving as the first front wall of the structure S6, the surrounding frame material P141 serving as the side wall, and the surrounding frame material P141 ″ serving as the upper wall. The lower joint of the surrounding frame member P142 which is the second side wall of the structure S6 is connected to the upper joint of the surrounding frame member P141 and the joint of the side portion of the surrounding frame member P141 ″. The insertion member used at this time preferably has a length of about three times the length of the through hole of the joint or more. Thereby, the three joints which each adjacent through-hole connected can be connected by inserting one insertion member. Next, the joint 145 at the lower end of the surrounding frame member P142 ′, which is the front wall of the second stage of the structure S6, is inserted into the opening 146 of the surrounding frame member P141 ″, and the joint at the side end of the surrounding frame member 142 ′ is inserted. The joint is connected to the joint at the front end of the surrounding frame member P142. Next, the joint at the front end of the surrounding frame member P142 "which is the second upper wall of the structure S6 is connected to the joint at the upper end of the surrounding frame member P142 '. The joint at the side end portion of the surrounding frame material P142 ″ is connected to the joint at the upper end portion of the surrounding frame material P142. Thus, the second stage of the construction S6 is constructed. A stage is constructed and a construct S6 is constructed.
In the eighth embodiment, the structure S6 is only shown up to the third level, but the above operation is repeated to a desired height (several levels), and the top frame frame material is filled with earth and sand. A stone material may be filled and a stair-like structure (bank protection) may be constructed on an inclined surface.
[0069]
As described above, unlike the structure of the fourth embodiment, the structure of the eighth embodiment of the present invention uses the surrounding frame material of the seventh embodiment, and the surrounding frame materials P142 ′ and P143 arranged vertically. Since the lower joint 145 is inserted into the openings 146 of other surrounding frame members P141 ″ and P142 ″ arranged horizontally, in addition to the operations of the fourth and seventh embodiments, the following The effect is obtained.
(1) A step-like structure S6 can be easily constructed by connecting another go frame material to the upper side of the go frame material positioned below while shifting the half of the sides of the go frame material by about half. Excellent in properties.
(2) On the top of the staircase of the structure formed in a staircase shape, the upper joints of the surrounding frame members P141 ′ to P143 ′ do not protrude, and are excellent in safety during construction work, Excellent safety when passing over structures after construction.
(3) The surrounding frame members P141 ′ to P143 ′ arranged vertically are inserted into the openings 146 of the surrounding frame materials P141 ″ to P143 ″ arranged horizontally below the opening frame 146, and the opening 146 is vertical. Since the surrounding frame members P141 ′ to P143 ′ disposed in the vertical direction have a width larger than the thickness of the joint 145 of the surrounding frame members P141 ′ to P143 ′, the vertically disposed surrounding frame members P141 ′ to P143 ′ are horizontally disposed The positions of the frame members P141 ″ to P143 ″ can be freely changed to some extent, and the degree of freedom of the inclination angle of the structure formed in a step shape is excellent.
[0070]
(Embodiment 9)
Next, the construction method of the structure in this Embodiment 9 using the go frame material of Embodiment 7 is demonstrated below, referring drawings.
FIG. 22 is a schematic perspective view of a structure such as a seawall in the ninth embodiment, FIG. 23 is a top view of the main part of the structure such as a seawall in the ninth embodiment, and FIG. It is arrow sectional drawing. FIG. 23 is a top view of the main part of the uppermost stage of the structure formed in the staircase shape shown in FIG.
22 to 24, S7 is a revetment of a structure formed in a step shape according to an inclined surface (not shown) of the construction site. The structure S7 of the ninth embodiment is different from the structure S6 of the eighth embodiment in that it does not include the surrounding frame material to be the upper wall and the bottom wall and is curved as a whole, and the upper wall and It is the point that earth and sand and stone materials are enclosed inside the structure using a net instead of the bottom wall. P151 to P153 are surrounding frame members similar to P101 and P102 of the seventh embodiment, and 154 is a net laid on the top and bottom surfaces of the structure S7 constructed in a staircase shape. Reference numeral 102 denotes a panel body, and reference numeral 110 denotes a locking portion. These are the same as those described in the seventh embodiment, and thus the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
As a material of the net 154, a material having strength such as metal or carbon fiber is used. The net 154 has an opening width of 10 to 200 mm, preferably about 50 to 150 mm. Thereby, earth and sand, stones, etc. can be enclosed inside a structure.
Note that the method of connecting the joints of the surrounding frame members with the insertion member is the same as in the seventh embodiment, and the construction method of the structure is the same as in the fifth embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted. In addition, the net 154 is laid on the upper surface and the bottom surface side of the structure S7, and is fixed by being locked to the locking portion 110 disposed on the panel body 102 of the surrounding frame body. In addition, the net 154 can be laid on the upper surface and the bottom surface every time the structure S7 is constructed in one stage. Thereby, it is possible to reliably prevent the earth and sand and stones inside the structure S7 from flowing out. In particular, when the structure S7 is constructed in the river basin, even if the ground on the bottom side of the structure S7 sinks or flows due to an increase in river water, etc., the net 154 laid on the bottom causes the inside of the structure S7 to It is possible to prevent the earth and sand and stones from flowing out.
[0071]
The structure of the ninth embodiment of the present invention configured as described above differs from the fifth embodiment in that nets are arranged on the upper surface and the bottom surface, so in addition to the functions of the fifth and seventh embodiments, the following It has the following actions.
(1) When the structure is constructed by bending according to the shape of the construction site, etc., even if it is not possible to dispose the surrounding frame on the top and bottom surfaces of the structure, a net is used instead of the surrounding frame on the top and bottom surfaces of the structure. It is possible to prevent the earth and sand and stones inside the structure from flowing out.
[0072]
In addition, as described above, in Embodiments 1 to 9, the description has been given of the surrounding frame material such as debris formed of cast iron and the like, the structure using the same, and the construction method thereof. Can be made small using a synthetic resin such as PE, PP, FPR, etc., and can be used as a gardening material for home use, or can be used as an assembly chair or work table.
[0073]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the surrounding frame material of the present invention, the structure using the same, and the construction method thereof, the following advantageous effects can be obtained.
[0074]
  According to invention of Claim 1, it has the following effects.
(1) Since each joint of the surrounding frame material is formed or disposed in a different divided region of the outer peripheral portion of each side, when connecting the surrounding frame material, the joints do not overlap each other and the through holes are formed. It is easy to arrange them coaxially, and by inserting rod-like or tubular insertion members into these through holes, it is possible to connect the surrounding frame material infinitely vertically and horizontally.
(2) The panel body is square, and the shape of the surrounding frame material can be changed in the direction of installation because it only changes the divided area where the joint is formed or arranged, even if upside down and left and right are reversed. There is no need to worry about, and it is excellent in workability and can prevent construction mistakes.
(3) Since each joint of the surrounding frame material is formed or arranged in different divided areas on each side, the way of arranging the surrounding frame material is to place any one of the four sides at a predetermined position. There are 8 ways to arrange and one side of 4 sides in the predetermined position with the front and back reversed, and it is possible to appropriately select the joint to be connected to other surrounding frame material, so it is easy to work Excellent.
(4) Since it is possible to construct a structure by connecting joints on the outer periphery of each kind of go frame material, only one type of go frame material needs to be produced, and the productivity is excellent. At the same time, inventory management is easy.
(5) It can be constructed with only one insertion frame that connects the top, bottom, left and right by inserting a permanent civil engineering structure into one type of go frame material and joint through-hole, and the number of parts is significantly less than conventional ones. Excellent.
(6) Since only one type of go frame material can be connected indefinitely via a joint by simply changing the position of the side, not only is it possible to design civil engineering, but construction is extremely easy and workability is improved. Excellent in properties.
(7) Since the joints are respectively provided in the divided areas having different positions on the four sides of the go frame material, the other go frame materials are connected to the upper, lower, left and right and front and rear of the single go frame material by the insertion members, You can build structures.
(8) Since the joints are formed or arranged at some distance in two divided areas per side, when connecting the surrounding frame materials, the side where the non-overlapping joints are arranged is immediately It can be found, is excellent in workability, and is connected by a joint in a two-divided region, so that the surrounding frame members can be firmly connected.
(9) Since the joints are formed or arranged substantially equally in two divided areas of the same number on each side, there is no bias in connection strength when the sides are connected, and the structure is constructed. In this case, the load is applied to each joint substantially evenly, and the durability is excellent, and the impact such as a collision with a large stone can be withstood, and the impact resistance and safety are excellent.
(10) Since the joints in the two divided regions are connected, the surrounding frame members can be firmly connected to each other, the connection strength between the joints is large, and the earthquake resistance is excellent.
[0076]
  According to invention of Claim 2, in addition to the effect of Claim 1, it has the following effects.
(1) Since there is a play division area, and for each side of the surrounding frame material, one joint is formed or arranged on each end side of the side, so that the connection between the surrounding frame materials is the both end portions of the side Even if there are few joints, the connection can be strengthened, and the joint can be formed or disposed only at the central part of the side and the connection strength can be prevented from being lowered at that part.
(2) For each side of the go frame material, a joint is formed or arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the side, and both sides of the play divided area are divided into 3 divided areas, and 4 sides of the go frame material Of these, there are two things that have joints in the central divided area among the three divided areas on both sides of the play divided area, and these are not arranged on opposite sides. When connecting, the joints on the sides to be connected can be connected so as to be close to each other, and the through holes of the adjacent joints can be communicated with each other, so that the insertion hole is inserted as an insertion member to be inserted into the through hole of the joint Only those having a length of about twice as long can be connected.
(3) As an insertion member to be inserted into the through hole of the joint, it can be connected only by a member having a length of about twice the insertion hole, and it is not necessary to use a member having the length of one side of the surrounding frame member. Therefore, the length can be shortened, the transportability is excellent, the cost can be reduced and the construction work can be easily performed, and only one type of insertion member needs to be prepared during the construction work. Work and preparation can be performed easily.
(4) For each side of the go frame material, the joint is formed or arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the side, so that the worker can easily recognize the position of the joint during construction work, and easily Can be built.
[0078]
  According to invention of Claim 3, in addition to the effect of Claim 2, it has the following effects.
(1) Since the length of the play division area is equal to or longer than the length of the insertion member inserted in the through hole, adjacent division areas on both sides of the play division area when connecting the two surrounding frame members When a joint is formed or disposed on the joint, the insertion member can be inserted into the through hole of the joint from the inside, that is, from the play divided area side, and when multiple surrounding frame members are connected vertically, horizontally, etc. Even if the through hole on the edge side of the side is blocked by another surrounding frame material or an insertion member, and the insertion member cannot be inserted from there, it can be inserted from the play divided area side, Excellent workability and workability.
[0079]
  According to invention of Claim 4, in addition to the effect of any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3, it has the following effects.
(1) Since the joint thickness (maximum outer diameter) is almost the same as that of the panel body, there are no irregularities on the upper and lower surfaces of the flat surface of the panel body during transportation and storage. Also excellent in storage efficiency and transport efficiency. In the case of cast iron, there is no skid, so it is excellent in stacking workability, safety during transport and transportability.
[0081]
  Claim5According to the invention described in claim 1, the claims 1 to4In addition to any one of the effects, the following effects are obtained.
(1) Water entering the structure due to rain or the like can be discharged to the outside, and water can be prevented from accumulating in the structure.
(2) When a revetment is constructed with a go frame material, an opening is formed, so that aquatic organisms can inhabit the opening and drainage of the revetment is improved. Furthermore, just by filling a large rock into the structure, sediment can be accumulated between the rocks, and vegetation grows to form a revetment close to a natural river.
(3) In the case where a water purification block having a water purification material filled therein with a go frame material is constructed, the water quality is purified through the opening.
(4) When constructing a go frame material in a staircase shape, a joint of another go frame material can be inserted vertically into an opening of one go frame material arranged horizontally, A step-like structure using a surrounding frame material can be constructed on an inclined surface of 45 ° or more, and can correspond to inclined surfaces having various inclination angles.
[0082]
  Claim6According to the invention described in claim 1, the claims 1 to5In addition to any one of the effects, the following effects are obtained.
(1) Since the locking portion is provided, a net-like body such as a net or a wire net, a vegetation mat, or the like can be easily arranged directly or with a wire.
(2) When the block body is constructed with the surrounding frame material and the inside is filled with the purifying material, it is possible to prevent the purifying material from being pulled out by disposing a net-like body such as a wire net in the opening. .
(3) When a reef block is constructed with a go frame material so that only small fish can enter and exit, a net such as a wire net whose opening diameter is slightly larger than the desired small fish is disposed in the opening. Thus, only small fish can enter and exit, and can protect themselves from natural enemies.
[0083]
  Claim7According to the invention described in claim 1, the claims 1 to6In addition to any one of the effects, the following effects are obtained.
(1) When constructing a stair-like structure by connecting another go-frame material to a position above the lower go-frame material by shifting a predetermined distance, a desired inclination angle of the stair-like structure to be constructed Since it can be seen at a glance whether it can be obtained, it is excellent in workability.
[0084]
  Claim8According to the invention described in claim 1, the claims 1 to7In addition to any one of the effects, the following effects are obtained.
(1) Since the joint of each go frame material is integral with the panel body, the connection strength is strong.
(2) Since the casting is integrally formed of a casting of cast iron or the like, the durability of the surrounding frame material is remarkably improved and can be used semipermanently.
(3) Since it is integrally molded from cast iron and other cast products, it is easy to standardize, has excellent mechanical strength, and can be significantly lighter than conventional ones, improving on-site transportability and workability. Can be made.
(4) Since it is made of cast iron, it does not contaminate water quality even when installed on rivers, lakes, coasts, etc., and is excellent in safety.
[0085]
  Claim9According to the invention described in the above, the following effects are obtained.
(1) Since the panel main body of the go frame material is square, any joint of each go frame material can be connected to each other, that is, regardless of how the joints are combined, the structure can be constructed in the same shape, With excellent workabilityInConstruction errors can be reduced.
(2) It is possible to construct a structure with only one type of frame material and insertion member, and since the number of members is small, it is excellent in workability.
(3) A plurality of surrounding frame members can be connected in a predetermined combination to form a square or parallelogram quadrilateral, substantially circular, or stepped structure. It is possible to construct slopes, revetments, revetments, fish reefs, and other structures by filling stones into the frame of the formed structure. Constructions such as household gardening materials can be constructed. Moreover, a structure can be extended only by newly connecting a surrounding frame material to the front, back, left, and right of the structure, and a long and short structure can be constructed freely according to the depth and length of the construction site. Furthermore, the shape of the structure can be freely adjusted to the slope of the construction site by connecting the sides of the surrounding frame material to be connected to each other by shifting them vertically and horizontally and constructing them in a staircase shape.
(4) When a revetment is formed with a go frame material, it is also possible to make a fishway by setting a part of a plurality of structures as a portion not filled with stone material in a straight line or crank shape.
[0086]
  Claim10According to the invention described in the above, the following effects are obtained.
(1) The through holes of the joints of the surrounding frame members are arranged coaxially, and the surrounding frame members are connected by inserting the insertion members into the through holes of the joints. Therefore, when assembling a structure at the time of construction, in order to connect the surrounding frame materials to form a frame, the insertion members must be securely inserted into the joints on each side to be connected. The person never forgets to connect the go frame material. Therefore, the surrounding frame members of the completed structure are securely connected, and it is possible to prevent a construction error from occurring when forming a seawall or a slope with the structure.
(2) Since the structure is transported to the construction site in the state of the surrounding frame material and the frame assembly is assembled at the construction site, transportation is easy. In particular, in the event of a disaster such as a flood or slope failure, it is easy to transport to the site, and it is possible to assemble the structure quickly on the site and fill the earth and sandbags to prevent the disaster from expanding and to recover from the disaster. Suitable for use in emergency response procedures in the event of a disaster.
(3) Since the construction is performed by repeating the placement process and the insertion process, the construction work does not require skill, and can be performed by one or two people, and is excellent in labor saving.
(4) In the surrounding frame material arranging step, the surrounding frame material is arranged in the shape of the target structure, the inserting member is inserted into the through hole of the joint in the inserting step, and further, debris and the like are placed inside the surrounding frame material. By filling it, you can easily build slopes, floor protection, fishing reefs, etc.
[0087]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a surrounding frame material according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of an enclosure frame material according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
3A is a plan view taken along line AA in FIG.
(B) Side view taken along line BB in FIG.
(C) Bottom view taken along line CC in FIG.
(D) Side view taken along line DD in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which the surrounding frame members are connected to each other in the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a construction method for a construct according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a construction method for a construct according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating a construction method for a construct according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a structure according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
10 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.
FIG. 11 is a schematic front view of a structure according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of a construct according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
13 is an enlarged side view of a main part of part C in FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a perspective side view of a structure according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure such as a retaining wall or a revetment that extends linearly in the height direction in the sixth embodiment.
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the go frame material in the first embodiment.
FIG. 17 is a front view of the go frame material according to the first embodiment.
18 (a) is a plan view taken along line AA in FIG. 17; (b) is a side view taken along line BB in FIG. 17; (c) is a bottom view taken along line CC in FIG. 17 DD line side view
FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a state in which the surrounding frame members in Embodiment 7 are connected to each other;
20 is a perspective view of a structure in which go frames are connected in Embodiment 7. FIG.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of main parts of a structure according to an eighth embodiment.
22 is a schematic perspective view of a structure such as a revetment in Embodiment 9. FIG.
FIG. 23 is a top view of an essential part of a structure such as a seawall in the ninth embodiment.
24 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
    1 Go frame material
  2 Panel body
  3 lattice
  4 openings
  5 First side
  5a, 5b first joint
  6 Second side
  6a, 6b second joint
  7 Third side
  7a, 7b Third joint
  8th side
  8a, 8b Fourth joint
  9 Through hole
  10 Locking part
  11scale
  12a-12i, 13a-13d, 14a-14c, 36, 45 Insertion member
  P1-P22, P31-P35, P41-P44, P51-P53 Go frame material
  S1 Construct in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  S2 Construct in Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  S3 Construct in Embodiment 4 of the present invention
  S4 Construct in Embodiment 5 of the present invention
  S2 'Construct in Embodiment 6 of the present invention
  P32 ', P32 "Go frame material
  101 Go frame material
  102 Panel body
  103 lattice
  104 opening
  105 First side
  105a, 105b first joint
  106 Second side
  106a, 106b second joint
  107 Third side
  107a, 107b third joint
  108 4th side
  108a, 108b Fourth joint
  109 Through hole
  110 Locking part
  112a, 112b Insertion member
  113 Retaining part
  114 Insertion part
  P101, P102 Go frame material
  S5 Construct in Embodiment 7 of the present invention
  P103-P122 Go frame material
  S6 Construct in Embodiment 8 of the present invention
  P141-P143 Go frame material
  145 Fitting
  146 opening
  S7 Construct in Embodiment 9 of the present invention
  P151-P153 Go frame material
  154 Net

Claims

A square panel body,
Each side of the panel body has a divided area divided into eight divided areas R1 to R8 in order from one end side , and a joint formed or disposed in the two divided areas on each side ; With
The joint on each side is divided into R1, R5 divided areas on the first side of the four sides, R2, R6 divided areas on the second side, R3, R7 divided areas on the third side, The fourth side is formed or arranged in a divided region of R4 and R8, and the joint has a through hole in the center parallel to the length direction of the side , and the through hole is formed coaxially. Go frame material characterized by that.

A square panel body,
Each side of the panel body has a divided area divided into divided areas R′1 to R′3, play divided areas, and divided areas R′4 to R′6 in order from one end side . shape into two of the divided areas設又comprises a disposed a joint, a
The joints on each side are divided into R′1, R′6 divided areas on the first side of the four sides, R′2, R′5 divided areas on the second side, and on the third side. R′2 and R′5 are divided or arranged on the fourth side in the R′3 and R′4 divided areas, and the joint is centered parallel to the length direction of the sides. An enclosure frame material comprising a through hole in a portion, wherein the through hole is formed coaxially.

The surrounding frame material according to claim 2 , wherein the play divided area has a length equal to or longer than a length of an insertion member inserted into the through hole.

Claims wherein the joint is extended to the flat portion flush with the panel body, or disposed are formed in the fixed tubular body, characterized in that it is formed in the flat portion flush with the panel body The go frame material according to any one of 1 to 3 .

The surrounding frame material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein an opening is formed in a predetermined portion of the panel main body.

The enclosure frame material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein a locking portion is disposed at a predetermined portion of the panel main body.

The surrounding frame material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , further comprising a scale that is stamped or printed along a peripheral portion with a corner portion of the side of the panel body as a base point .

The enclosure frame material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the enclosure frame material is integrally formed of a cast iron casting.

The enclosure frame member according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and two or more of the enclosure frame member are linear or curved via the joint so that the through hole of the joint is coaxial. Alternatively, the structure includes: an insertion member that is arranged orthogonally and is inserted into the through hole that is coaxially installed.

An enclosure frame member arrangement step in which two or more enclosure frame members according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are arranged so that a through hole of a joint is coaxial, and the enclosure frame member arrangement step is arranged. An installation step of inserting an insertion member into the through hole of the joint of the surrounding frame member.