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JP3601142B2 - Starting method of power converter for photovoltaic power generation - Google Patents

Starting method of power converter for photovoltaic power generation Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3601142B2
JP3601142B2 JP31358195A JP31358195A JP3601142B2 JP 3601142 B2 JP3601142 B2 JP 3601142B2 JP 31358195 A JP31358195 A JP 31358195A JP 31358195 A JP31358195 A JP 31358195A JP 3601142 B2 JP3601142 B2 JP 3601142B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
solar cell
power
voltage
set value
output
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP31358195A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH09135575A (en
Inventor
克利 山中
沢  俊裕
澄利 園田
常生 久米
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Yaskawa Electric Corp
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Yaskawa Electric Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Voltage And Current In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、太陽光発電用電力変換装の起動方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、太陽光発電用インバータの起動判断は、太陽電池の出力電圧を監視して太陽電池の出力電圧が基準値以上になると、電力変換装置を起動する(以下従来技術1という)。
例えば、特開昭60−69720にあるように太陽電池の出力を短絡して短絡電流を監視し、太陽電池の短絡電流が基準値以上になると電力変換装置を起動する(従来技術2)方法で行っていた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
太陽電池はその特性から、日射量によって発電電力が大きく変動する。太陽電池から出力電力を有効に取り出すには、太陽電池の発電電力が小さくても電力を取り出すことが望ましい。従って、電力変換装置が停止している状態で、夜から朝になるように日射量が少ない方から次第に増えていくような場合には、太陽電池の発電電力の増加を的確にとらえ電力変換装置を起動することが、太陽電池から有効に電力を取り出すことになる。
電力変換装置の起動判断で、太陽電池の出力電圧を監視し、太陽電池の発電電力を推定する従来技術1の方法では、低日射時に太陽電池から電流を取らなければ太陽電池の出力電圧はすぐ上昇し、電流を取ると出力電圧がすぐに下降してしまうといった太陽電池の特性があるため、太陽電池の発電電力の推定は困難となり、電力変換装置の起動時にチャタリングを起こしやすい。また、前記太陽電池の短絡電流やダミー負荷の電力を監視する従来技術2の方法では、太陽電池の発電電力を比較的容易に推定、計測できるが、短絡や負荷接続によって太陽電池の出力電力を損失として消費しているため、この間は太陽電池が発電している電力の利用ができないという問題があった。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記問題を解決するために、本発明は、太陽電池の出力電圧を昇圧する昇圧回路を備え、太陽電池の発電電力を交流電力に変換する電力変換装置の起動方法において、前記太陽電池の出力電圧が第1の電圧設定値以上になると、制御電源を系統電源から得て、前記昇圧回路を起動し、前記太陽電池の出力電圧が前記第1の電圧設定値よりも大きい第2の電圧設定値になるように前記昇圧回路を電圧制御し、前記電圧制御中に前記太陽電池の出力電流が第1の電流設定値を超えると、前記電力変換装置のインバータを起動させるものである。
また、太陽電池の出力電圧を昇圧する昇圧回路を備え、太陽電池の発電電力を交流電力に変換する電力変換装置の起動方法において、前記太陽電池の出力電圧が第1の電圧設定値以上になると、制御電源を系統電源から得て、前記昇圧回路を起動し、前記太陽電池の出力電流が、第1の電流設定値になるように前記昇圧回路を電流制御し、前記電流制御中に前記太陽電池の出力電圧が前記第1の電圧設定値より大きい第2の電圧設定値を超えると、前記電力変換装置のインバータを起動させるものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例を図に基づいて説明する。
図1が本発明の実施例、図2が本発明の第1の実施例の動作フローチャートである。図中1は太陽電池、2は昇圧チョッパ、3はチョッパ出力コンデンサ、4,8は逆流防止用ダイオード、5はインバータ、6は系統電源、7は整流ブリッジダイオード、9は平滑コンデンサ、10は制御電源及び制御回路、11は電流検出器である。
太陽電池1の出力電圧Vsolaは、昇圧チョッパ2へ入力される。昇圧チョッパ2は、太陽電池1の出力電圧を昇圧し、昇圧チョッパ2の出力端子間には、チョッパ出力電圧を平滑化するチョッパ出力コンデンサ3が接続される。チョッパ出力コンデンサ3で平滑された電圧は、インバータ5へ入力され、インバータ5の出力端子は系統電源6と整流ブリッジダイオード7の入力端子に並列接続される。この整流ブリッジダイオード7の出力は、逆流防止ダイオード8を介して、前記チョッパ出力コンデンサ3の両端と制御電源・制御回路10へ供給される。制御電源・制御回路10には、太陽電池の出力電圧、出力電流およびチョッパ出力コンデンサ3の両端子電圧が入力される。
【0006】
次に本発明の第1の実施例の動作を図2に基づいて説明する。
明け方に太陽が登り始め太陽電池に日が射し、太陽電池の出力電圧(Vsola)がある基準値(第1の電圧設定値Vss)を超える(図2のステップ110)と、制御電源がON(図2のステップ120)となって系統側の整流回路から電源をもらう。制御電源が入ると、次に制御回路は昇圧チョッパ起動ソフトをスタートさせ、昇圧チョッパを起動させる。昇圧チョッパは時比率を0から次第に増加させていき、太陽電池の出力電圧が第1の電圧設定値より大きい第2の電圧設定値Vstになるように昇圧回路を電圧制御する(ステップ140)。この時、太陽電池が電力変換装置の制御電源に使えるだけの電力を発電していれば、ダイオード優先回路によって制御電源は昇圧チョッパの出力から自動的に取られる。制御回路は太陽電池出力電流Isoを監視してIsoが第1の電流設定値を超える(ステップ150)と、制御回路は太陽電池の電圧の設定値を変更し、昇圧チョッパの出力電圧をインバータ出力電圧が系統電源6に連係できるまで上昇させて、インバータが系統に電力を送れるような電圧にし、インバータを起動し送電を開始する(ステップ160)。
太陽電池出力電圧は制御電源をオンにする信号にのみ使われるためチャタリングを起こさない。
【0007】
本発明の第2の実施例の動作フローチャートを図3に示す。
図3のフローチャートにおいて図2と異なる点は、ステップ141と151だけであり、その他のステップ110、120、130、160は図2と同じである。
次に動作を説明する。昇圧チョッパ回路を起動させるところまでのステップ110〜130は図2と同じである。
次に昇圧回路は時比率を0から次第に増加させていき、太陽電池の出力電流(Isola)を第1の電流設定値Isoになるように電流制御する(ステップ141)。この時、太陽電池が電力変換装置の制御電源をまかなうだけの電力を発電していれば、ダイオード優先回路によって制御電源は、昇圧チッパの出力から自動的に取られる。制御回路は太陽電池の出力Vsolaを監視して、Vsolaが第1の電圧設定値より大きい第2の電圧設定値Vsoを超えると(ステップ151)、制御回路は太陽電池の電圧設定値を変更し、昇圧チョッパの出力電圧を上昇させて、インバータ出力電圧を系統電源に連系できるまで昇圧させる。このようにしてインバータが系統に電力を送れるような電圧にし、インバータを起動し、送電を開始する(ステップ160)。
太陽電池出力電圧は制御電源をオンにする信号にのみ使われるためチャタリングを起こさない。前記従来技術2の短絡電流方式よりも電流の設定値を小さくできる。
【0008】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明によれば、従来方式に比べ、次の効果がある。
(1)太陽電池の発電電力を容易に計測することができる。
(2)太陽電池の発電電力を早期に利用できる。
(3)電力変換装置の起動時のチャタリングを防止できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例
【図2】本発明の第1実施例フローチャート
【図3】本発明の第2実施例フローチャート
【符号の説明】
1 太陽電池
2 昇圧チョッパ
3 チョッパ出力コンデンサ
4,8 逆流防止用ダイオード
5 インバータ
6 系統電源
7 整流ブリッジダイオード
9 平滑コンデンサ
10 制御電源・制御回路
11 電流検出器
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for starting a power converter for photovoltaic power generation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the start of the inverter for photovoltaic power generation is monitored by monitoring the output voltage of the solar cell and starting the power converter when the output voltage of the solar cell becomes equal to or higher than a reference value (hereinafter referred to as Conventional Technique 1).
For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-69720, the output of the solar cell is short-circuited to monitor the short-circuit current, and when the short-circuit current of the solar cell exceeds a reference value, the power converter is started (prior art 2). I was going.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Due to the characteristics of the solar cell, the generated power greatly varies depending on the amount of solar radiation. In order to effectively extract output power from a solar cell, it is desirable to extract power even when the power generated by the solar cell is small. Therefore, when the power conversion device is stopped and the amount of insolation gradually increases from night to morning, the power conversion device can accurately detect the increase in the power generated by the solar cell. Activating power effectively extracts power from the solar cell.
According to the method of the related art 1 in which the output voltage of the solar cell is monitored by estimating the activation of the power conversion device and the power generated by the solar cell is estimated, the output voltage of the solar cell immediately rises unless current is taken from the solar cell during low solar radiation. Since there is a characteristic of the solar cell such that the output voltage rises and the output voltage immediately drops when a current is taken, it is difficult to estimate the power generated by the solar cell, and chattering is likely to occur when the power converter is started. In the method of the related art 2 for monitoring the short-circuit current of the solar cell and the power of the dummy load, the power generated by the solar cell can be relatively easily estimated and measured. During this time, there is a problem that the power generated by the solar cell cannot be used because it is consumed as a loss.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention includes a booster circuit for boosting an output voltage of a solar cell, and a method of starting a power converter that converts generated power of the solar cell into AC power. Is greater than or equal to a first voltage set value, a control power is obtained from a system power supply, the booster circuit is activated, and a second voltage set value at which the output voltage of the solar cell is larger than the first voltage set value And controlling the voltage of the booster circuit so that the output current of the solar cell exceeds a first current set value during the voltage control, thereby activating the inverter of the power conversion device.
Also, in the method of activating a power conversion device that includes a booster circuit that boosts an output voltage of a solar cell and converts generated power of the solar cell into AC power, when an output voltage of the solar cell becomes equal to or higher than a first voltage set value. Obtaining a control power supply from a system power supply, activating the booster circuit, controlling the current of the booster circuit so that the output current of the solar cell becomes a first current set value, and controlling the solar power during the current control. When the output voltage of the battery exceeds a second voltage set value which is larger than the first voltage set value, the inverter of the power converter is started.
[0005]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an operation flowchart of the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an operation flowchart of the first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a solar cell, 2 is a step-up chopper, 3 is a chopper output capacitor, 4, 8 are backflow prevention diodes, 5 is an inverter, 6 is a system power supply, 7 is a rectifying bridge diode, 9 is a smoothing capacitor, and 10 is a control. The power supply and control circuit 11 is a current detector.
Output voltage Vsola of solar cell 1 is input to boost chopper 2. The boost chopper 2 boosts the output voltage of the solar cell 1, and a chopper output capacitor 3 for smoothing the chopper output voltage is connected between the output terminals of the boost chopper 2. The voltage smoothed by the chopper output capacitor 3 is input to the inverter 5, and the output terminal of the inverter 5 is connected to the system power supply 6 and the input terminal of the rectifier bridge diode 7 in parallel. The output of the rectifier bridge diode 7 is supplied to both ends of the chopper output capacitor 3 and the control power supply / control circuit 10 via the backflow prevention diode 8. The control power supply / control circuit 10 receives the output voltage and output current of the solar cell and the voltage of both terminals of the chopper output capacitor 3.
[0006]
Next, the operation of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
When the sun starts to rise at dawn and the sun shines on the solar cell, and when the output voltage (Vsola) of the solar cell exceeds a certain reference value (first voltage set value Vss) (step 110 in FIG. 2), the control power supply is turned on. (Step 120 in FIG. 2), power is obtained from the rectifier circuit on the system side. When the control power is turned on, the control circuit starts the boost chopper starting software and starts the boost chopper. The step-up chopper gradually increases the duty ratio from 0, and controls the voltage of the step-up circuit so that the output voltage of the solar cell becomes the second voltage set value Vst larger than the first voltage set value (step 140). At this time, if the solar cell is generating enough power to be used for the control power supply of the power converter, the control power supply is automatically taken from the output of the boost chopper by the diode priority circuit. The control circuit monitors the solar cell output current Iso, and when Iso exceeds the first current set value (step 150), the control circuit changes the set value of the voltage of the solar cell and outputs the output voltage of the boost chopper to the inverter output. The voltage is increased until the voltage can be linked to the system power supply 6 so that the inverter can send power to the system, and the inverter is started to start power transmission (step 160).
Since the solar cell output voltage is used only for a signal for turning on the control power supply, chattering does not occur.
[0007]
FIG. 3 shows an operation flowchart of the second embodiment of the present invention.
The flowchart of FIG. 3 differs from FIG. 2 only in steps 141 and 151, and the other steps 110, 120, 130, and 160 are the same as those in FIG.
Next, the operation will be described. Steps 110 to 130 up to activation of the boost chopper circuit are the same as those in FIG.
Next, the booster circuit gradually increases the duty ratio from 0, and controls the current so that the output current (Isola) of the solar cell becomes the first current set value Iso (step 141). At this time, if the solar cell is generating enough power to supply the control power of the power converter, the control power is automatically taken from the output of the booster chipper by the diode priority circuit. The control circuit monitors the output Vsola of the solar cell, and when Vsola exceeds a second voltage set value Vso which is larger than the first voltage set value (step 151), the control circuit changes the voltage set value of the solar cell. Then, the output voltage of the step-up chopper is increased to increase the inverter output voltage until it can be connected to the system power supply. In this way, the voltage is set so that the inverter can send power to the system, the inverter is started, and power transmission is started (step 160).
Since the solar cell output voltage is used only for a signal for turning on the control power supply, chattering does not occur. The set value of the current can be made smaller than in the short-circuit current method of the prior art 2.
[0008]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects are obtained as compared with the conventional system.
(1) The power generated by the solar cell can be easily measured.
(2) The power generated by the solar cell can be used at an early stage.
(3) Chattering at the time of starting the power converter can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a second embodiment of the present invention;
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 solar cell 2 step-up chopper 3 chopper output capacitor 4, 8 backflow prevention diode 5 inverter 6 system power supply 7 rectifying bridge diode 9 smoothing capacitor 10 control power supply / control circuit 11 current detector

Claims (2)

太陽電池の出力電圧を昇圧する昇圧回路を備え、太陽電池の発電電力を交流電力に変換する電力変換装置の起動方法において、前記太陽電池の出力電圧が第1の電圧設定値以上になると、制御電源を系統電源から得て、前記昇圧回路を起動し、前記太陽電池の出力電圧が前記第1の電圧設定値よりも大きい第2の電圧設定値になるように前記昇圧回路を電圧制御し、前記電圧制御中に前記太陽電池の出力電流が第1の電流設定値を超えると、前記電力変換装置のインバータを起動させることを特徴とする太陽光発電用電力変換装置の起動方法。A method for activating a power conversion device that includes a booster circuit that boosts an output voltage of a solar cell and that converts power generated by the solar cell into AC power. Obtaining a power supply from a system power supply, activating the booster circuit, performing voltage control on the booster circuit so that the output voltage of the solar cell becomes a second voltage set value larger than the first voltage set value, If the output current of the solar cell exceeds a first current set value during the voltage control, an inverter of the power conversion device is started, the method for starting the power conversion device for photovoltaic power generation. 太陽電池の出力電圧を昇圧する昇圧回路を備え、太陽電池の発電電力を交流電力に変換する電力変換装置の起動方法において、前記太陽電池の出力電圧が第1の電圧設定値以上になると、制御電源を系統電源から得て、前記昇圧回路を起動し、前記太陽電池の出力電流が、第1の電流設定値になるように前記昇圧回路を電流制御し、前記電流制御中に前記太陽電池の出力電圧が前記第1の電圧設定値より大きい第2の電圧設定値を超えると、前記電力変換装置のインバータを起動させることを特徴とする太陽光発電用電力変換装置の起動方法。A method for activating a power conversion device that includes a booster circuit that boosts an output voltage of a solar cell and that converts power generated by the solar cell into AC power. A power source is obtained from a system power source, the booster circuit is started, and the output current of the solar cell is current-controlled so that the output current becomes a first current set value. When the output voltage exceeds a second voltage set value which is larger than the first voltage set value, an inverter of the power converter is started, the method for starting a power converter for photovoltaic power generation.
JP31358195A 1995-11-06 1995-11-06 Starting method of power converter for photovoltaic power generation Expired - Fee Related JP3601142B2 (en)

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JP3601142B2 true JP3601142B2 (en) 2004-12-15

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