JP3600056B2 - Seawall structure for aquatic life - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a revetment structure for controlling floodwaters in rivers, lakes, and coasts.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In rehabilitation work and disaster recovery work on rivers, assuming floods, the rivers are expanded to make the meandering rivers straight, gathering in rivers to make the water collected in the rivers flow down to the sea more quickly In order to increase the ability of water to flow down, measures have been taken, such as eliminating rivers and pools, making the riverbed flat and smooth.
[0003]
The revetment works implemented as part of the above countermeasures include the empty masonry method using split stone and gravel for backfilling masonry, and the masonry masonry using concrete block and stone for masonry and backfill using concrete or mortar. There are construction methods. The empty masonry method is a method established based on experience from ancient times, but since the strength is inferior to that of the masonry masonry method, in recent years, the masonry masonry method has been frequently implemented.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the revetment method using the empty masonry method, the void behind the masonry is a great place to hide aquatic organisms such as fish, crabs, shrimp, aquatic insects, etc. And played an important role in maintaining the waterside ecosystem. However, in the revetment method using the masonry masonry method, concrete and mortar are filled in the gaps of the masonry, and there is no space where aquatic organisms can live.Therefore, it becomes difficult for aquatic organisms to inhabit. The danger that the system cannot be maintained has been pointed out.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has an aquatic habitat revetment structure that aims to control floodwaters in rivers, lakes, and shores and promotes aquatic life, thereby protecting a waterside ecosystem. It is intended to provide.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs a seawall structure for aquatic organisms having the following configuration. An aquatic habitat structure according to the present invention is an aquatic habitat revetment structure for controlling floodwaters in rivers, lakes, marshes and coasts, and promoting aquatic life and protecting natural ecosystems. ,
Between the embankment provided along the coast of the water area and the revetment wall provided along the embankment, an aquatic habitat structure serving as an aquatic habitat is provided,
The structure for aquatic life inhabits a wooden bamboo bundle in which knotted bamboo material and wood are bundled in a housing having an opening serving as a passage for aquatic organisms while distributing water,
The revetment wall is formed with a flow hole that communicates with the aquatic habitat structure and serves as a flow passage for water flow inside the aquatic habitat structure and serves as a passage for aquatic organisms. Features.
[0007]
In this seawall structure for aquatic habitats, the seawall provides sufficient strength to the seawall. In addition to this, the inside of the aquatic habitat structure is filled with water from the water area through the distribution hole, and aquatic organisms such as fish, crabs, shrimp, and aquatic insects pass through the circulation hole inside the aquatic habitat structure. Invaders and eventually become a habitat. In addition, by using the aquatic organism habitat as an evacuation site in the event of a flood or as a fishway, aquatic organisms can be established in the water area, thereby conserving the waterside ecosystem.
[0008]
The structure for aquatic life inhabits a wooden bamboo bundle and / or a stone in which knotted bamboo material and wood are bundled in a housing having an opening that serves as a passage for aquatic organisms while circulating water. Is desirable. Fish and other aquatic organisms have a tendency to snuggle up to nature (trendability), so many small aquatic organisms are formed by storing wood and bamboo bundles and stones. They will collect on the aquatic habitat structures.
[0009]
A part of the circulation hole is located upstream of the structure for aquatic organisms and is provided so as to communicate from the revetment wall to one end face of the wooden bamboo bundle, and further downstream from the structure for aquatic organisms. It is desirable to be arranged on the side and to be provided so as to communicate from the revetment wall to the other end face of the wooden bamboo bundle.
[0010]
It is preferable that the aquatic organism inhabiting structure is provided at a position lower than the low water level, and the bamboo material constituting the wooden bamboo bundle has a plurality of holes penetrating into an inner space . The flow rate where the river flow rate does not fall below 275 days of the year is called the low water flow rate, and the water level at this time is generally called the low water level, but a structure for aquatic organisms shall be provided at a position lower than this water level. Accordingly, the aquatic organism inhabiting environment is stably maintained because the aquatic organism inhabiting structure is always located below the water surface during most periods except the drought period.
[0011]
Further, it is preferable that the seawall structure for aquatic life inhabiting is provided with a lighting hole for supplying light to the structure for aquatic life inhabiting, and the opening of the daylighting hole is filled with tempered glass . It is convenient for observing and maintaining structures for aquatic organisms through the light hole, and because some fish generally require some light, supplying light through the light hole allows the aquatic organisms to emit light. This is because a more favorable environment for inhabiting is formed. Moreover, the inflow of earth and sand into the hole can be prevented by inserting the tempered glass into the lighting hole.
It is desirable that the circulation hole is made of bamboo material and a water guide plate is provided at a part of the opening of the revetment wall.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of a revetment structure for aquatic organisms according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a seawall protection structure for aquatic organisms (hereinafter simply referred to as a seawall structure) constructed in a river improvement work, and FIG. 2 is a side view of the seawall structure viewed from a river side ( FIG. 2 is a view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1). In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes embankment embanked on the shore, 2 denotes chestnut stone piled on the slope of embankment 1, 3 denotes embankment of stonework constructed from above stonestone 2, 4 denotes embankment 1 and embankment wall 3. (A structure for aquatic organisms), 5 is a circulation hole that supplies water flowing through the river to the aroma gabion 4 and also serves as a passage for aquatic organisms. A sheet 7 for preventing the inflow of earth and sand from the embankment 1 side is a lighting hole for supplying natural light to the rough gabion 4.
[0013]
The revetment wall 3 is integrated by casting concrete 3b on the back surface of the concrete blocks 3a stacked along the slope of the embankment 1, and forms a strong wall surface.
[0014]
The savory gabion 4 is disposed on the back side of the revetment wall 3 and at a position lower than the low water level (LWL), and is buried in the embankment 1 and the chestnut stone 2. Further, a plate member 8 is arranged in advance between the revetment wall 3 and the savory gabion 4. The plate member 8 has a function of preventing the concrete 3b from flowing into the rough gabion 4 at the time of placing the concrete 3b and dispersing the pressure acting on the rough gabion 4 from the revetment wall 3.
[0015]
FIG. 3 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of the savory gabion 4. The savory gabion 4 is a gabion 9 in which a metal net is processed into a box shape having a length of about 1 to 3 m. Inside the gabion 9, a wooden bamboo bundle 10 in which thinned wood or bamboo is bundled, and a natural chestnut stone 11 taken in a river. It is one that has been stored multiple times. A plurality of the wooden bamboo bundles 10 are arranged continuously so as to have substantially the same length in the length direction of the gabion 9, and the natural chestnut stone 11 is packed in the gabion 9 so as to surround the periphery of the wooden bamboo bundle 10.
[0016]
The wooden bamboo bundle 10 is composed of a bamboo bamboo 12 having a diameter of about 60 to 100 mm, which is cut to a length of about 100 to 300 cm, and a bamboo bamboo 13 having a diameter of about 30 to 70 mm cut around the same length as the bamboo bamboo 12. Bamboo twigs 14 are arranged in the same direction as the Moso bamboo 12 and the surrounding area is surrounded by a thick wood 15 having a diameter of about 20 mm to 100 mm cut to the same length as the Moso bamboo 12 and the like. These are tied up by a restraining band 16 to form a bundle. The Moso bamboo 12 has a plurality of holes 12a penetrating the inner space over the entire side surface. In addition, both the Moso bamboo 12 and the bamboo bamboo 13 are cut out of the knots and are cylindrical.
[0017]
FIG. 4 is a plan sectional view (a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 1) of the seawall structure. The circulation holes 5 are provided so as to penetrate the revetment wall 3 using bamboo buried between the chestnut stones 2. In addition, the flow hole 5a located on the upstream side of the river allows the water to flow easily from the river toward the coarse gabion 4, and the flow hole 5b located on the downstream side allows the water to flow out of the coarse gabion 4 without interruption. , Respectively, are arranged at an angle to the flow direction of the river.
[0018]
In addition to the circulation holes 5a and 5b, a plurality of circulation holes 5c are provided so as to penetrate the revetment wall 3. These circulation holes 5c are arranged so as to communicate with the side surfaces of the coarse gabion 4 so as to assist the flow of water to the coarse gabion 4 and to serve as passages for aquatic organisms such as fish, crabs, shrimp, aquatic insects and the like.
[0019]
Each of the flow holes 5a, 5b, 5c is formed so as to slightly incline when viewed from the revetment wall 3 side. In consideration of the flow velocity of the river at the time of the low water level, the circulation holes 5a and 5b have a sufficiently large diameter so that the amount of water flowing into the rough gabion 4 is increased. The diameter of the flow passage 5c, which mainly serves as a passage for aquatic organisms, is not constant, and is formed to be large or small so that different aquatic organisms enter and exit depending on the location.
[0020]
The sheet 6 is provided so as to wrap the rough gabion 4 and the flow holes 5 a and 5 b continuously arranged at both ends of the rough gabion 4 from the embankment 1 side. The sheet 6 is made of a fibrous fiber, and allows the flow of water while preventing the flow of earth and sand, and prevents the earth and sand on the embankment 1 side from flowing into the rough gabion 4.
[0021]
The lighting hole 7 is provided so as to penetrate upward toward the revetment wall 3 so that the revetment wall 3 is opened at a position higher than the water surface of the river. The opening on the revetment wall 3 side is filled with tempered glass 7a to prevent the inflow of earth and sand.
[0022]
By the way, when it is difficult for water to flow into the flow hole 5a, a device is devised so that water flows into the flow hole 5a opened to the revetment wall 3. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, a water guide plate 17 made of synthetic rubber is disposed downstream of the flow hole 5a. The water induction plate 17 is fixed with its upper end inclined toward the downstream side of the river when the revetment wall 3 is viewed from the front, and guides water flowing near the riverbed to the circulation hole 5a. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a synthetic rubber water guide plate 18 whose cylinder is split is disposed downstream of the flow hole 5a.
[0023]
In the revetment structure configured as described above, the revetment wall 3 made of the stonework provides sufficient strength to the revetment works, and flood control is achieved. In addition to this, since the savory gabion 4 is buried on the back side of the revetment wall 3, a space that can be a habitat for aquatic organisms such as fish, crab, shrimp and aquatic insects is formed here. Then, the water suitable for the aquatic organisms is created by flowing the water of the river through the circulation holes 5a, 5b, 5c in this space.
[0024]
For example, since many small small gaps are formed in the wooden bamboo bundle 10 by the bamboo twigs 14, the miscellaneous trees 15, and the like, crabs, shrimps, aquatic insects, and the like preferentially live there. Depending on the type of fish, some will use this as a spawning ground. Small fishes will inhabit the space filled with natural chestnut stones 11.
[0025]
Further, fishes of various sizes enter and exit through the circulation holes 5a, 5b, 5c, and feed on small fish, crabs, shrimp, aquatic insects, and the like that inhabit the savory gabion 4. The eel or the like comes to live in the distribution hole 5c as it is.
[0026]
Since the savory gabion 4 is buried on the back side of the revetment wall 3, even if the flow of water becomes severe such as during a flood, the flow of the wooden bamboo bundle 10 and the natural chestnut stone 11 is prevented, and aquatic organisms are prevented. The environment where habitats easily live is protected. Moreover, since the wooden bamboo bundle 10 is always in the water and does not come into contact with air, corrosion hardly proceeds.
[0027]
Thus, according to the revetment structure configured as described above, while providing sufficient strength to the revetment works, an environment is created in which aquatic organisms such as fish, crabs, shrimp, and aquatic insects can easily inhabit. Therefore, the waterside can be kept more natural after the river improvement.
[0028]
In the above-described embodiment, the savory gabion 4 packed with the wooden bamboo bundle 10 and the natural chestnut stone 11 is employed. You may put it in and use it. In addition, it is desirable to use a stone obtained from a river where a seawall is to be constructed as the natural chestnut stone 11, but if it is not convenient, a stone obtained from another place may be used.
[0029]
Each of the flow holes 5a, 5b, 5c is formed using bamboo material with no knots, but if the strength is insufficient, a tubular member processed with vinyl chloride, concrete, or the like may be used. .
[0030]
Although the sheet 6 is made of a fibrous material, a thinning material, a scent, or the like may be used instead. Further, the same material as the sheet 6 may be used instead of the plate material 8.
[0031]
The daylighting hole 7 may be provided on the embankment 1 side, or the daylighting hole 7 may be used as an observation window of the rough gabion 4. Further, another hole may be provided as an observation window, but it is desirable to prepare a cap for preventing inflow of earth and sand into the observation hole.
[0032]
When the water level of the river is low and it is difficult for water to flow into the distribution hole 5, a parquet may be spread on the riverbed along the revetment wall 3 to raise the water level.
[0033]
Further, in the above embodiment, an example is shown in which the flow holes 5a and 5b are configured to have substantially the same diameter, but the diameter of the flow hole 5a may be 3 to 5 times the size of the flow hole 5b. By creating a small flow of water from the distribution hole 5c, which mainly serves as a passage for fish, toward the river, the countercurrent flow of the fish (the property of swimming against the flow of water) is used to create the fish in the rough gabion 4 This is because the effect of inviting is expected.
[0034]
Next, another embodiment of the seawall structure for aquatic organisms according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. 7 to 9.
In the revetment structure shown in FIG. 7, a structure in which a wooden bamboo bundle 10 and a natural chestnut stone 11 are housed inside a fume tube 20 instead of the scabbard gabion 4 is used. A plurality of the wooden bamboo bundles 10 are arranged continuously so as to have substantially the same length in the length direction of the fume tube 20, and the natural chestnut stone 11 is packed in the fume tube 20 so as to surround the periphery of the wooden bamboo bundle 10. I have. The flow hole 5c is formed to penetrate the side wall of the fume tube 20.
[0035]
This revetment structure is suitable for revetment works in relatively fast-flowing rivers and large rivers with a large amount of water, since the wood and bamboo bundles 10 and the natural chestnut stones 11 that form the habitat for aquatic organisms are protected by the fume tube 20. I have. Note that an unglazed pottery tube may be used instead of the fume tube 20.
[0036]
In the revetment structure shown in FIG. 8, instead of the savory gabion 4, a structure in which a wooden bamboo bundle 10 and a natural chestnut stone 11 are housed in a frame 30 in which thinned materials are combined like a turret is used. The frame body 30 is obtained by combining three thinning materials 31 so as to form a triangle, and further combining a plurality of thinning materials 31 like a tower.
[0037]
A thinning material 32 is disposed between the revetment wall 3 and the frame 30 to prevent the concrete 3b from flowing into the frame 30 when the concrete 3b is cast. The side surface of the frame 30 that is in contact with the embankment 1 is covered with a sheet 33 for preventing inflow of earth and sand from the embankment 1 side.
[0038]
In the revetment structure shown in FIG. 9, a concrete box 40 constituting a fishway is buried instead of the savory gabion 4. The concrete box 40 is installed at a depth at which water sufficiently flows even at a low water level. This revetment structure is suitable for places where a fishway cannot be provided, such as a weir with a small head. The fume tube 41 may be used instead of the concrete box 40.
[0039]
In the above-described embodiment, the description has been given by taking the revetment work at the time of river rehabilitation as an example. However, the revetment structure according to the present invention is a technology applicable to not only rivers but also lakes and coastal waters.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the revetment structure for aquatic organisms according to the present invention, in addition to the revetment wall being provided with sufficient strength for the revetment work, the structure of the aquatic organisms revetment structure from the water area through the distribution hole is provided. The inside is filled with water, and aquatic organisms such as fish, crabs, shrimps, and aquatic insects enter the aquatic habitat structures through distribution holes and become habitats. After rehabilitation, the waterside ecosystem can be kept more natural.
In addition, since the aquatic habitat structure is installed behind the revetment wall, it is possible to protect an environment suitable for aquatic habitat even when the flow of water becomes severe as in a flood.
[0041]
By adopting a structure that contains a plurality of lumps inside a housing that has an opening through which water flows, the structure for aquatic life inhabits and collects the lumps to form a narrow space. A large number of spaces that can be a comfortable habitat for the aquatic organism can be formed in the structure for aquatic organisms.
[0042]
By using wood and / or stone for the agglomerates, more aquatic organisms can be collected in the aquatic habitat structure using the aquatic organism's tendency.
[0043]
The aquatic habitat structure is located below the water level, so that the aquatic habitat structure is always under the water for most of the period except for the drought season, thus stabilizing the environment in which aquatic organisms live. Can be held in place.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of a seawall structure for aquatic organisms according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view taken along line II-II in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective sectional view of the savory gabion in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 1;
5A and 5B are a side view and a side sectional view showing a water guiding plate for promoting the flow of water into the circulation hole.
FIG. 6 is a side view showing a water guide plate for urging water to flow into the circulation hole.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the seawall structure for aquatic organisms according to the present invention, and is a side sectional view showing an example in which a fume tube is used for a rough gabion.
FIG. 8 is a side sectional view showing an example in which a frame made of thinned wood is used for the savory gabion.
FIG. 9 is a side sectional view showing an example in which a concrete box or a fume tube constituting a fishway is used instead of the savory gabion.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Embankment 2 Kuriishi 3 Revetment wall 4 Rough gabion 5 Distribution hole 6 Sheet 7 Lighting hole 10 Bamboo bundle 11 Natural chestnut stone

Claims (5)

An aquatic habitat revetment structure for rivers, lakes and coasts to control the water area and promote aquatic life and protect natural ecosystems,
Between the embankment provided along the coast of the water area and the revetment wall provided along the embankment, an aquatic habitat structure serving as a habitat for aquatic organisms is provided,
The structure for aquatic life inhabits a wooden bamboo bundle in which knotted bamboo material and wood are bundled in a housing having an opening that serves as a passage for water and aquatic organisms,
The revetment wall is formed with a flow hole that communicates with the aquatic habitat structure and serves as a flow passage for water flow inside the aquatic habitat structure and a passage for aquatic organisms. A revetment structure for aquatic habitats. A part of the circulation hole is disposed upstream of the structure for aquatic organisms and provided so as to communicate from the revetment wall to one end face of the wooden bamboo bundle, and further provided for the aquatic organisms. The revetment structure for aquatic organisms according to claim 1, wherein the revetment structure is disposed downstream of the structure and is provided so as to communicate from the revetment wall to the other end surface of the wooden bamboo bundle. The aquatic organism inhabiting structure is provided at a position lower than a low water level, and a plurality of holes penetrating an inner space are formed in a bamboo material constituting the wooden bamboo bundle. Item 4. The revetment structure for aquatic organisms according to item 1 or 2. 4. The lighting structure according to claim 1, further comprising a lighting hole configured to supply light to the aquatic organism inhabiting structure, wherein the opening of the lighting hole is filled with tempered glass. 5. Seawall structure for aquatic habitats. The aquatic organism according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, wherein the circulation hole is made of bamboo material, and a water guide plate is provided at a part of an opening of the revetment wall. Habitat revetment structure.

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