JP3653055B2

JP3653055B2 - Exhaust gas treatment equipment

Info

Publication number: JP3653055B2
Application number: JP2002098359A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 具承増田; 匠鈴木; 公利小瀬; 明角田; 良長高橋
Original assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date: 2002-04-01
Filing date: 2002-04-01
Publication date: 2005-05-25
Anticipated expiration: 2022-04-01
Also published as: JP2003293728A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は排ガス処理装置に関し、除塵装置に備えたセラミックフィルタなどのフィルタの付着物（すす及びオイルミスト）を除去してフィルタを再生する場合に適用して有用なものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
ディーゼルエンジンの排ガスは排ガス処理装置で処理された後に大気中に放出されるが、このとき排ガス中に含まれる微粒子（すす）はセラミックフィルタなどのフィルタを備えたろ過式の除塵装置によって除去される。
【０００３】
かかる排ガス処理装置では、ディーゼルエンジンの運転時間の経過とともにフィルタ付着物の量が増加して（フィルタの目詰まりが進んで）フィルタ差圧が増加するため、フィルタの再生が必要となる。このため排ガス処理装置では、圧縮エアを貯溜する逆洗用エアタンクを装備しており、この逆洗用エアタンクに貯溜された圧縮エアでフィルタを逆洗することによってフィルタ付着物を除去している。ところが、フィルタ付着物にはすすだけでなくオイルミストも存在し、このオイルミストが混ざったフィルタ付着物は粘着力が高いため圧縮エアによる逆洗だけでは除去することが困難である。そこで、従来は圧縮エアによる逆洗だけでなく、フィルタ付着物を電気ヒータやバーナで加熱して燃焼させる付着物燃焼再生方法も採用されていた。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来の付着物燃焼再生方法では、フィルタ付着物を燃焼させることにより、フィルタ差圧の回復（低減）は可能であるが、フィルタ付着物の燃焼によって生じるフィルタ内の温度差（温度勾配）による熱衝撃（熱応力）でフィルタが破損するおそれがあるという問題を抱えている。つまり、燃焼再生時にはフィルタ全体の付着物が同時に燃焼するのではなく燃焼条件に達した部分から燃え始めて全体に燃え広がるため、フィルタ内にホットスポットが生じ、これによる熱衝撃でフィルタが破損する場合がある。
【０００５】
従って本発明は上記の問題点に鑑み、フィルタ付着物の燃焼にともなう熱衝撃によってフィルタを破損させることなくフィルタの再生を行うことができる排ガス処理装置を提供することを課題とする。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決する第１発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気することにより排ガス中に含まれる微粒子を除去する排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタ再生手段として、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度でフィルタ付着物を加熱する再生加熱手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、
再生加熱手段は、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度の加熱再生ガスをフィルタに流し、この加熱再生スによってフィルタ付着物を加熱する加熱再生ガス供給手段であること、
加熱再生ガスをフィルタ全体に均一に分配する加熱再生ガス分配手段を、フィルタの上流側に配置したこと、
フィルタの排ガス通気方向はアップフローであり、
加熱再生ガス分配手段は、フォーク状に分岐した複数の分岐部を有するとともに各分岐部の間には隙間を有し且つ各分岐部の噴出孔が下流側にいくほど大きくて各噴出孔から噴出される加熱再生ガス量が等しくなるように形成されている加熱再生ガス分配管であり、この加熱再生ガス分配管をフィルタの下側に配置したことを特徴とする。
また、第２発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気することにより排ガス中に含まれる微粒子を除去する排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタ再生手段として、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度でフィルタ付着物を加熱する再生加熱手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、
再生加熱手段は、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度の加熱再生ガスをフィルタに流し、この加熱再生ガスによってフィルタ付着物を加熱する加熱再生ガス供給手段であること、
加熱再生ガス中に不燃ガスを混入して加熱再生ガスの酸素濃度を低減することにより、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度を高めたことを特徴とする。
また、第３発明の排ガス処理装置は、第２発明の排ガス処理装置において、
加熱再生ガスの酸素濃度は体積比で５％以下とし、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度を４００〜６００℃としたことを特徴とする。
また、第４発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気することにより排ガス中に含まれる微粒子を除去する排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタ再生手段として、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度でフィルタ付着物を加熱する再生加熱手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、
フィルタ再生時には除塵処理時に比べて逆洗手段による逆洗間隔を短くし又は逆洗パルス噴射時間を長くするように構成したことを特徴とする。
また、第５発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気して排ガス中に含まれる微粒子をフィルタでろ過して除去する排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタ再生手段として、外気を吸引してフィルタに流す再生用外気吸引手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、
フィルタ再生時には除塵処理時に比べて逆洗手段による逆洗間隔を短くし又は逆洗パルス噴射時間を長くするように構成したことを特徴とする。
また、第６発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気することにより排ガス中に含まれる微粒子を除去する排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタ再生手段として、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度でフィルタ付着物を加熱する再生加熱手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、
フィルタ再生時に逆洗圧力を除塵処理時よりも高圧に切り換える逆洗圧力切換手段を備えたことを特徴とする。
また、第７発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気して排ガス中に含まれる微粒子をフィルタでろ過して除去する排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタ再生手段として、外気を吸引してフィルタに流す再生用外気吸引手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、
フィルタ再生時に逆洗圧力を除塵処理時よりも高圧に切り換える逆洗圧力切換手段を備えたことを特徴とする。
また、第８発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気することにより排ガス中に含まれる微粒子を除去する排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタ再生手段として、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度でフィルタ付着物を加熱することにより、前記すすは燃焼させずに前記オイルミストの揮発だけを行う再生加熱手段と、前記オイルミストの揮発により粘着力を失った前記すすを、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗して払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。
また、第９発明の排ガス処理装置は、第８発明の排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度を、３２０〜４００℃の範囲としたことを特徴とする。
また、第１０発明の排ガス処理装置は、第８又は第９発明の排ガス処理装置において、
再生加熱手段は、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度の加熱再生ガスをフィルタに流し、この加熱再生ガスによってフィルタ付着物を加熱する加熱再生ガス供給手段であることを特徴とする。
また、第１１発明の排ガス処理装置は、第１０発明の排ガス処理装置において、
加熱再生ガスをフィルタ全体に均一に分配する加熱再生ガス分配手段を、フィルタの上流側に配置したことを特徴とする。
また、第１２発明の排ガス処理装置は、第１１発明の排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタの排ガス通気方向はアップフローであり、
加熱再生ガス分配手段は、フォーク状に分岐した複数の分岐部を有するとともに各分岐部の間には隙間を有し且つ各分岐部の噴出孔が下流側にいくほど大きくて各噴出孔から噴出される加熱再生ガス量が等しくなるように形成されている加熱再生ガス分配管であり、この加熱再生ガス分配管をフィルタの下側に配置したことを特徴とする。
また、第１３発明の排ガス処理装置は、第８ , 第９ , 第１０ , 第１１又は第１２発明の排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタの外周面を加熱して同外周面からの放熱を防止するフィルタ外周面加熱手段を備えたことを特徴とする。
また、第１４発明の排ガス処理装置は、第１０ , 第１１又は第１２発明の排ガス処理装置において、
加熱再生ガス中に不燃ガスを混入して加熱再生ガスの酸素濃度を低減することにより、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度を高めたことを特徴とする。
また、第１５発明の排ガス処理装置は、第１４発明の排ガス処理装置において、
加熱再生ガスの酸素濃度は体積比で５％以下とし、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度を４００〜６００℃としたことを特徴とする。
また、第１６発明の排ガス処理装置は、第１０ , 第１１ , 第１２ , 第１４又は第１５に記載の排ガス処理装置において、
加熱再生ガス供給手段は、フィルタの下流側からガスを吸気して加熱し、この加熱再生ガスをフィルタの上流側へ戻してフィルタへ流す加熱再生ガス循環手段であることを特徴とする。
また、第１７発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気して排ガス中に含まれる微粒子をフィルタでろ過して除去する排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタ再生手段として、外気を吸引して加熱せずにフィルタに流すことにより、フィルタに付着しているオイルミストを揮発させる再生用外気吸引手段と、前記オイルミストの揮発により粘着力が低減されたフィルタに付着しているすすを、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗して払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。
また、第１８発明の排ガス処理装置は、第８ , 第９ , 第１０ , 第１１ , 第１２ , 第１３ , 第１４ , 第１５ , 第１６又は第１７発明の排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタ再生時には除塵処理時に比べて逆洗手段による逆洗間隔を短くし又は逆洗パルス噴射時間を長くするように構成したことを特徴とする。
また、第１９発明の排ガス処理装置は、第８ , 第９ , 第１０ , 第１１ , 第１２ , 第１３ , 第１４ , 第１５ , 第１６ , 第１７又は第１８発明の排ガス処理装置において、
フィルタ再生時に逆洗圧力を除塵処理時よりも高圧に切り換える逆洗圧力切換手段を備えたことを特徴とする。
【００１８】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づき詳細に説明する。
【００１９】
＜実施の形態１＞
図１は本発明の実施の形態１に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。図１ではディーゼルエンジン１が、発電機２の駆動源として用いられている。このディーゼルエンジン１の排ガスは過給機３に供給されてタービン３ａを回転させた後、排熱ボイラ４に供給される。排熱ボイラ４ではポンプ５によって供給される水を排ガスの熱で水蒸気とし、この水蒸気で発電機６の駆動源である蒸気タービン７を回転させる。なお、プラントによっては排熱ボイラがない場合もある。
【００２０】
その後、排ガスは矢印Ａのように排ガスライン８を下流側へと流れて排ガス処理装置へと導かれる。
【００２１】
本排ガス処理装置では４台の除塵装置１１Ａ，１１Ｂ，１１Ｃ，１１Ｄを有している。これらの除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄはセラミックフィルタ１８Ａ，１８Ｂ，１８Ｃ，１８Ｄを備えたろ過式のものであり、排ガスライン８に並列に配置されている。各除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの上流側と下流側にはダンパ１６Ａ，１６Ｂ，１６Ｃ，１６Ｄとダンパ１７Ａ，１７Ｂ，１７Ｃ，１７Ｄとがそれぞれ設けられている。
【００２２】
除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの下流側にはブロア１４が配置されており、除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの下流側とブロア１４の吸い込み側とが排ガスライン８を介して接続されている。ブロア１４の吐出側は排ガスライン８を介して煙突につながっている。従って、ディーゼルエンジン１の排ガスはブロア１４に吸引されて除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄに導入され、除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄで排ガス中のすすなどが除去された後、煙突１５から大気中に放出される（集塵処理条件は後述）。
【００２３】
また、本排ガス処理装置には逆洗手段として逆洗用エアタンク１２が装備されている。逆洗用エアタンク１２はバルブ１９Ａ，１９Ｂ，１９Ｃ，１９Ｄを介して各除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄに接続されている。逆洗用エアタンク１２には圧縮機で圧縮されたエアが所定圧力に調整（減圧）されて貯溜されている。
【００２４】
そして、本排ガス処理装置では再生加熱手段（加熱再生ガス供給手段）として、再生用加熱空気供給装置１３を備えている。再生用加熱空気供給装置１３はダンパ２０Ａ，２０Ｂ，２０Ｃ，２０Ｄを介して各除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの上流側に接続されている。再生用加熱空気供給装置１３はブロア（図示せず）を備えており、このブロアによって吸引した外気（空気）を電気ヒータやバーナなどの加熱装置２１によって加熱した後、加熱再生ガスとして各除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄのセラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄへ供給する。
【００２５】
この場合、加熱再生ガスは制御装置２２でダンパ２０Ａ〜２０Ｄの開閉制御を行うことにより、フィルタ再生を行う除塵装置にのみ選択的に供給される。制御装置２２ではダンパ１６Ａ〜１６Ｄ，１７Ａ〜１７Ｄ及びバルブ１９Ａ〜１９Ｄの開閉制御や再生用加熱空気供給装置１３の起動停止制御なども行うようになっている。ダンパ１６Ａ〜１６Ｄ及びダンパ２０Ａ〜２０Ｄは所定のフィルタ再生タイミングで開閉制御され（加熱再生条件は後述）、バルブ１９Ａ〜１９Ｄは所定の逆洗タイミングで開閉制御される（逆洗条件は後述）。
【００２６】
例えば除塵装置１１Ａのセラミックフィルタ１８Ａを再生するときには、ダンパ１６Ａを閉め、他のダンパ１６Ｂ〜１６Ｄを開けた状態とし、且つ、ダンパ２０を開け、他のダンパ２０Ｂ〜２０Ｄは閉めた状態とする。その結果、除塵処理は除塵装置１１Ｂ〜１１Ｄで行われ、除塵装置１１Ａには再生用加熱空気供給装置１３から加熱再生ガスが供給される。このため、除塵装置１１Ａのセラミックフィルタ１８Ａに加熱再生ガスが流れ、この加熱再生ガスによってセラミックフィルタ１８Ａの付着物（すす及びオイルミスト）が加熱される。
【００２７】
そして、このときの加熱再生ガスの温度はセラミックフィルタ１８Ａに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つセラミックフィルタ１８Ａに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度とする。かかる温度の加熱再生ガスによってセラミックフィルタ１８Ａの付着物が加熱されると、セラミックフィルタ１８Ａに付着していたオイルミストは揮発して加熱再生ガスとともに排出され、すすは燃焼せずにセラミックフィルタ１８Ａに残るが、このときのすすはオイルミストの揮発により粘着力を失ってセラミックフィルタ１８Ａから剥離し易い状態となる。
【００２８】
このため、バルブ１９Ａを開いて逆洗用エアタンク１２の圧縮エアによりセラミックフィルタ１８Ａを逆洗するだけで簡単にすすを払い落とすことができる。なお、オイルミストは揮発し且つすすは燃焼しない加熱再生ガス温度の具体的な値としては３２０〜４００℃の範囲とするのがよく、望ましくは３５０℃とするのがよい。
【００２９】
具体的な説明は省略するが、他の除塵装置１１Ｂ〜１１Ｄのセラミックフィルタ１８Ｂ〜１８Ｄを再生する場合にも、除塵装置１１Ａのセラミックフィルタ１８Ａの場合と同様、再生用加熱空気供給装置１３からの加熱再生ガスによりセラミックフィルタ１８Ｂ〜１８Ｄの付着物を加熱してセラミックフィルタ１８Ｂ〜１８Ｄに付着しているオイルミストを揮発し、圧縮エアの逆洗によってセラミックフィルタ１８Ｂ〜１８Ｄに付着しているすすを払い落とす。なお、払い落とされたすすは図示しない排出孔から排出できるようになっている。
【００３０】
ここで、本実施の形態の排ガス処理装置における集塵処理条件、逆洗条件及び加熱再生条件について説明する。
【００３１】
集塵処理条件は次のとおりである。
（１）処理ガス温度（除塵装置のセラミックフィルタに流入する排ガスの温度）は、２５０℃（１５０〜３５０℃）。
（２）ろ過流速（除塵装置のセラミックフィルタを流れる排ガスの流速）は、１．５ｍ／ｍｉｎ（０．５〜３ｍ／ｍｉｎ）。
（３）再生時間間隔（各除塵装置のセラミックフィルタが除塵処理を連続して行う時間）は、３時間（２〜１０時間）。
【００３２】
逆洗条件は次のとおりである。
（１）逆洗圧（除塵装置のセラミックフィルタに吹き付ける圧縮エアの圧力）は、０．７ＭＰａ（０．２〜１．０ＭＰａ）。
（２）逆洗間隔（除塵装置のセラミックフィルタに圧縮エアを吹き付ける時間間隔）は、１０ｍｉｎ（５〜３０ｍｉｎ）。逆洗はフィルタ再生時と除塵処理時の何れにおいても行う。
（３）逆洗パルス噴射時間（除塵装置のセラミックフィルタに圧縮エアを噴射し続ける時間）は、０．２ｓｅｃ（０．１〜０．３ｓｅｃ）。
【００３３】
加熱再生条件は次のとおりである。
（１）加熱再生温度（除塵装置のセラミックフィルタに供給する加熱再生ガスの温度）は、３５０℃（３２０〜４００℃）。
（２）再生ガスろ過流速（除塵装置のセラミックフィルタを流れる加熱再生ガスの流速）は、０．５ｍ／ｍｉｎ（０．２〜１．５ｍ／ｍｉｎ）。
（３）加熱再生時間（除塵装置のセラミックフィルタに加熱再生ガスを流してセラミックフィルタを再生させる時間）は、１時間（０．５〜３時間）。
【００３４】
なお、集塵処理条件における再生時間間隔と加熱再生条件における加熱再生時間とによって除塵装置（セラミックフィルタ）の必要台数は決まり、再生時間間隔を３時間とし加熱再生時間を１時間とする場合には、図１に示すように４台の除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄ（セラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄ）を設ければよい。
【００３５】
以上のように、本実施の形態１の排ガス処理装置では、フィルタ再生手段として再生用加熱空気供給装置１３と逆洗用エアタンク１２とを備えており、再生用加熱空気供給装置１３の加熱再生ガスによって、すすは燃焼させずにオイルミストの揮発だけを行い、オイルミストが揮発して剥離し易くなったすすを逆洗用エアタンク１２の圧縮エアによる逆洗で払い落とすため、即ち、フィルタ付着物を燃焼させることなく除去することができるため、フィルタ付着物の燃焼にともなう熱衝撃によってセラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄが破損することはない。
【００３６】
ここで、図２〜図５に基づき、フィルタ再生試験の結果について説明する。
【００３７】
図２には３００℃連続集塵（除塵）処理時のフィルタ差圧推移を示す。集塵処理試験条件としては処理ガス温度（排ガス温度）を３００℃、ろ過流速（排ガス流速）を１．０ｍ／ｍｉｎとし、フィルタ再生方法としては０．７ＭＰａの逆洗圧（圧縮エア圧力）で逆洗のみを行った。この場合、図２に示すように圧縮エアによる逆洗のみではフィルタ再生が不十分であるためにフィルタ差圧が上昇しつづけるため、連続安定運転は不可能である。
【００３８】
図３には３５０℃連続集塵（除塵）処理時のフィルタ差圧推移を示す。集塵処理試験条件としては処理ガス温度（排ガス温度）を３５０℃、ろ過流速（排ガス流速）を１．５ｍ／ｍｉｎとし、フィルタ再生方法としては０．７ＭＰａの逆洗圧（圧縮エア圧力）で逆洗のみを行った。この場合には図３に示すように圧縮エアによる逆洗のみでもセラミックフィルタは再生され、連続安定運転が可能である。
【００３９】
図４には連続加熱再生集塵（除塵）処理時のフィルタ差圧推移を示し、図５には連続加熱再生集塵（除塵）処理時のフィルタ内温度推移を示す。集塵処理試験条件としては処理ガス温度（排ガス温度）を２５０℃、ろ過流速（排ガス流速）を１．５ｍ／ｍｉｎとし、フィルタ再生方法としては圧縮エアによる逆洗と加熱再生とを行った。逆洗圧（圧縮エア圧力）は０．７ＭＰａ、加熱再生温度（加熱再生ガス温度）は３５０℃、加熱再生ろ過流速（加熱再生ガス流速）は０．８ｍ／ｍｉｎである。このように処理ガス温度２５０℃での集塵処理と、加熱再生温度３５０℃でのフィルタ加熱再生とを繰り返した場合、図４に示すようにフィルタ差圧は安定し、また、図５に示すようにフィルタ温度は３５０℃を越えない。
【００４０】
このことから、フィルタ付着物（すす及びオイルミスト）の燃焼は生じておらず（フィルタ付着物が燃焼すれば加熱再生ガス温度３５０℃以上にフィルタ内温度が上昇する）、加熱再生ガスによるオイルミストの揮発のみが行われ、オイルミストの揮発によって剥離し易くなったすすが圧縮エアによる逆洗によって払い落とされたことがわかる。従って、この場合には連続安定運転が可能である。
【００４１】
＜実施の形態２＞
図６は本発明の実施の形態２に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。また、図７（ａ）はセラミックフィルタの通気方向がアップフローの場合のセラミックフィルタや加熱再生ガス分配管の構成を示す斜視図、図７（ｂ）は前記加熱再生ガス分配管の上面図である。
【００４２】
図６に示すように、本実施の形態２の排ガス処理装置では加熱再生ガス分配手段として、平板状の整流体３１Ａ，３１Ｂ，３１Ｂ，３１Ｃ，３１Ｄを備えている。これらの整流体３１Ａ〜３１Ｄはセラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの上流側（直前）に配置されており、それぞれ複数の通気孔３１Ａ−１，３１Ｂ−１，３１Ｂ−１，３１Ｃ−１，３１Ｄ−１が、再生用加熱空気供給装置１３から供給された加熱再生ガスをセラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄ全体に均一に分配することができる配列で開けられている。
【００４３】
例えば、セラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄがハニカム型ウォールスルーセラミックフィルタ（図７参照）である場合には、このハニカム型ウォールスルーセラミックフィルタの各フィルタ部に対応する配列となるように通気孔３１Ａ−１〜３１Ｄ−１を開ければよい。
【００４４】
また、図７に示すように、セラミックフィルタ１８の排ガス通気方向が矢印Ｂのように下から上に向かう方向（アップフロー）である場合には、加熱再生ガス分配手段として加熱再生ガス分配管７１を用いることが望ましい。
【００４５】
詳述すると、セラミックフィルタ１８はフィルタケース１８ａに収容された四角柱状のフィルタ部１８ｂが縦横に複数配列されてハニカム状に形成されたもの（ハニカム型ウォールスルーセラミックフィルタ）であり、各フィルタ部１８ｂの排ガス通気方向が鉛直方向となるように除塵装置１１の容器１１ａ内に設置されている。容器１１ａの下部には排ガス入口１１ｂ、上部には排ガス出口１１ｃを有しており、排ガス入口１１ｂから容器１１ａ内に流入した排ガスが、セラミックフィルタ１８の各フィルタ部１８ａを下から上へと流れて排ガス出口１１ｃから容器１１ａ外へと流出するようになっている。
【００４６】
そして、セラミックフィルタ１１の下側（直下）には加熱再生ガス分配管７１が配置されている。加熱再生ガス分配管７１はフォーク状に分岐した複数の分岐部７１ａを有しており、各分岐部７１ａの間には隙間を有し、且つ、各分岐部７１ａには加熱再生ガスの噴出孔７１ｂが形成されている。また、各分岐部７１ａの噴出孔７１ｂは、セラミックフィルタ１８の各フィルタ部１８ａの位置に対応して開けられており、且つ、圧力損失を考慮して下流側（図中左側）にいくほど大きくすることにより各噴出孔７１ｂから噴出される加熱再生ガス量が等しくなるようにしている。
【００４７】
なお、本排ガス処理装置の他の構成や集塵処理条件、逆洗条件及び加熱再生条件などについては、上記実施の形態１と同様であるため（図１参照）、ここでの説明は省略する。
【００４８】
以上のように、本実施の形態２の排ガス処理装置では、加熱再生ガスを各セラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄ全体に均一に分配する整流体３１Ａ〜３１Ｄを各セラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄの上流側に設けたため、加熱再生ガスによって各セラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄ全体を均一に加熱再生することができる。
【００４９】
また、セラミックフィルタ１８のようにアップフローの場合には図７に示すような加熱再生ガス分配管７１を用いることにより、加熱再生ガスによってセラミックフィルタ１８全体を均一に加熱して再生させることができ、且つ、圧縮エアによる逆洗によって払い落とされたすすが加熱再生ガス分配管７１上に堆積するのを防止することができる。つまり、整流体のようなものをセラミックフィルタ１８の下側（上流側）に配置すると、その上に逆洗で払い落とされたすすが堆積してしまうおそれがあるが、加熱再生ガス分配管７１であれば、逆洗で払い落とされたすすが各分岐部７１ａ間の隙間から下に落ちるため各分岐部７１ａの上に堆積することはない。なお、払い落とされたすすは図示しない排出孔から排出できるようになっている。
【００５０】
＜実施の形態３＞
図８は本発明の実施の形態３に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。同図に示すように、本実施の形態３の排ガス処理装置ではフィルタ外周面加熱手段として、電気ヒータ８１Ａ，８１Ｂ，８１Ｃ，８１Ｄを備えている。これらの電気ヒータ８１Ａ〜８１Ｄはセラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの周囲に配置され、フィルタ再生中にセラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの外周面を加熱して同外周面からの放熱を防止する。これらの電気ヒータ８１Ａ〜８１Ｄの動作タイミング（フィルタ再生時の加熱開始や加熱終了）も制御装置２２によって制御される。なお、電気ヒータ８１Ａ〜８１Ｄの加熱温度はセラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度とする必要があり、望ましくはセラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つセラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度とする。
【００５１】
なお、本排ガス処理装置の他の構成や集塵処理条件、逆洗条件及び加熱再生条件などについては、上記実施の形態１及び２と同様であるため（図１，図６，図７参照）、ここでの説明は省略する。
【００５２】
以上のように、本実施の形態３の排ガス処理装置では、電気ヒータ８１Ａ〜８１Ｄでセラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの外周面を加熱して同外周面からの放熱を防止することにより、セラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの外周部の温度低下を防止することができるため、加熱再生ガスによって各セラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄ全体を均一に加熱再生させることができる。
【００５３】
＜実施の形態４＞
図９は本発明の実施の形態４に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。同図に示すように、本実施の形態４の排ガス処理装置では、不燃ガス供給手段として窒素ＰＳＡ（Pressure Swing Absorption ）９１を備えている。窒素ＰＳＡ９１では不燃ガスとして窒素を再生用加熱空気供給装置１３へ供給する。再生用加熱空気供給装置２１では、ブロアで吸引した外気（空気）と窒素ＰＳＡ９１から供給された窒素とを混合し、この混合気体を加熱装置２１によって加熱した後、加熱再生ガスとして各除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄのセラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄへ供給する。
【００５４】
このことによって加熱再生ガスにおける酸素濃度が低減されるため、セラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つセラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度を高くすることができる。この場合、加熱再生ガスにおける酸素濃度の具体的な値としては体積比で５％以下とするのがよい。また、加熱再生ガスの温度は４００℃〜６００℃の範囲とするのがよく、望ましくは５００℃とするのがよい。
【００５５】
なお、本排ガス処理装置の他の構成や集塵処理条件、逆洗条件及び加熱再生条件などについては、上記実施の形態１と同様であるため（図１参照）、ここでの説明は省略する。
【００５６】
以上のように、本実施の形態４の排ガス処理装置では、加熱再生ガス中に不燃ガス（窒素）を混入して加熱再生ガスの酸素濃度を低減したことにより、フィルタ付着物（すす）の燃焼温度が高くなるため、セラミックフィルタ１８Ａに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つセラミックフィルタ１８Ａに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度（加熱再生温度）を、上記実施の形態１などの場合よりも高くすることができる。このため、セラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの付着物に沸点の高いオイルミストが存在する場合にも、オイルミストを完全に揮発させることができて、圧縮エアによる逆洗によりすすを払い落とすことができる。
【００５７】
＜実施の形態５＞
図１０は本発明の実施の形態５に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。同図に示すように、本実施の形態５の排ガス処理装置では再生加熱手段として、熱風発生循環装置１０１を備えている。
【００５８】
熱風発生循環装置１０１はブロア１０２と再生用空気加熱装置１０３とを有ししている。ブロア１０２は、吸い込み側がダンパ１０４Ａ，１０４Ｂ，１０４Ｃ，１０４Ｄを介して各除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの下流側に接続されており、吐出側が再生用空気加熱装置１０３に接続されている。再生用空気加熱装置１０３は電気ヒータやバーナなどの加熱手段を備えたものであり、ダンパ１０５Ａ，１０５Ｂ，１０５Ｃ，１０５Ｄを介して各除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの上流側に接続されている。
【００５９】
制御装置２２ではダンパ１０４Ａ〜１０４Ｄ，１０５Ａ〜１０５Ｄの開閉制御やブロア１０２及び再生用空気加熱装置１０３の起動停止制御なども行うようになっており、ダンパ１０４Ａ〜１０４Ｄ，１０５Ａ〜１０５Ｄについてはフィルタ再生を行う除塵装置に接続されたダンパだけを開ける。例えば、除塵装置１１Ａのセラミックフィルタ１８Ａを再生するときには、除塵装置１１Ａの上流側と下流側のダンパ１６Ａとダンパ１７Ａとを閉じるとともにダンパ１０４Ａとダンパ１０５Ａとを開ける。
【００６０】
この状態でブロア１０２を起動することより、ダンパ１６Ａ，１６Ｂの間（除塵装置１１Ａ部等）に存在する空気（排ガス）をセラミックフィルタ１８Ａの下流側から吸引して再生用空気加熱装置１０３へ送り、再生用空気加熱装置１０３で加熱した後、加熱再生ガスとしてセラミックフィルタ１８Ａへ上流側から供給することにより、セラミックフィルタ１８Ａの付着物を加熱する。以後、セラミックフィルタ１８Ａの再生が終了するまでこの熱風発生循環が継続される。セラミックフィルタ１８Ａに付着しているすすは、バルブ１９Ａを開いて圧縮エアによる逆洗で払い落とす。このときの加熱再生ガスの温度はセラミックフィルタ１８Ａに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つセラミックフィルタ１８Ａに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度（３５０℃（３２０〜４００℃））とする。
【００６１】
具体的な説明は省略するが、他の除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄのセラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄを再生する場合にも、除塵装置１１Ａのセラミックフィルタ１８Ａの場合と同様に熱風発生循環装置１０１によって熱風発生循環が行われる。
【００６２】
なお、本排ガス処理装置の他の構成や集塵処理条件、逆洗条件及び加熱再生条件などについては、上記実施の形態１〜３と同様であるため（図１，図６，図７，図８参照）、ここでの説明は省略する。
【００６３】
以上のように、本実施の形態５の排ガス処理装置では、フィルタ再生手段として熱風発生循環装置１０１と逆洗用エアタンク１３とを備えており、熱風発生循環装置１０１によって循環する加熱再生ガスにより、すすは燃焼させずにオイルミストの揮発だけを行い、オイルミストが揮発して剥離し易くなったすすを逆洗用エアタンク１２の圧縮エアによる逆洗で払い落とすため、即ち、フィルタ付着物を燃焼させることなく除去することができるため、フィルタ付着物の燃焼にともなう熱衝撃によってセラミックフィルタ１１Ａ〜１１Ｄが破損することはない。しかも、加熱再生ガスに対しては循環中に放熱する熱量に若干の熱量を加えた分だけを補って（加熱）して加熱再生温度とすればよいため、再生用空気加熱装置１０３の容量を低減することができる。
【００６４】
＜実施の形態６＞
図１１は本発明の実施の形態６に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。同図に示すように、本実施の形態５の排ガス処理装置では、再生用外気吸引手段として、再生用外気吸引装置１１１を備えている。再生用外気吸引装置１１１は、ダンパ１１２Ａ，１１２Ｂ，１１２Ｃ，１１２Ｄを介して各除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの上流側に接続されている。
【００６５】
そして、再生用外気吸引装置１１１ではブロア（図示せず）を備えており、このブロアで外気を吸引して各除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄのセラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄへ流すことにより、セラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄに付着したオイルミストを揮発させる。外気を加熱せず常温のままセラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄに流すだけでも、オイルミストを蒸気圧分揮発させることができるため、すすの粘着力を低減することができる。制御装置２２ではダンパ１１２Ａ〜１１２Ｄの開閉制御や再生用外気吸引装置１１１の起動停止制御も行うようになっている。
【００６６】
例えば、除塵装置１１Ａのセラミックフィルタ１８Ａを再生する場合、除塵装置１１Ａで一定時間除塵後（フィルタ差圧上昇後）、除塵装置１１Ａの上流側のダンパ１６Ａを閉じ、ダンパ１１２Ａを開けた後、再生用外気吸引装置１１１のブロアを起動して外気を吸引し、セラミックフィルタ１８Ａに流すことにより、セラミックフィルタ１８Ａに付着しているオイルミストを揮発させる。セラミックフィルタ１８Ａに付着しているすすは、バルブ１９Ａを開いて逆洗用エアタンク１２の圧縮エアによりセラミックフィルタ１８Ａを逆洗することによって払い落とす。具体的な説明は省略するが、他の除塵装置１１Ｂ〜１１Ｄのセラミックフィルタ１８Ｂ〜１８Ｄを再生する場合にも、除塵装置１１Ａのセラミックフィルタ１８Ａの場合と同様に行う。
【００６７】
なお、本排ガス処理装置の他の構成や集塵処理条件及び逆洗条件などについては、上記実施の形態１と同様であるため（図１参照）、ここでの説明は省略する。
【００６８】
以上のように、本実施の形態６の排ガス処理装置では、外気を吸引してセラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄに流す再生用空気加熱装置１１１を備えた構成とすることにより、加熱再生ガスを生成するためのヒータの設置や加熱用の電力を必要としないため、構成が簡易で安価である。
【００６９】
＜実施の形態７＞
図１２は本発明の実施の形態７に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。同図に示すように、本実施の形態７の排ガス処理装置では逆洗圧力切換手段として、２つの逆洗用エアタンク１２Ａ，１２Ｂを備えている。逆洗用エアタンク１２Ａは１２１Ａ，１２１Ｂ，１２１Ｃ，１２１Ｄを介して各除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの下流側に接続され、逆洗用エアタンク１２Ｂはバルブ１２２Ａ，１２２Ｂ，１２２Ｃ，１２２Ｄを介して各除塵装置１１Ａ〜１１Ｄの下流側に接続されている。これらのバルブ１２１Ａ〜１２１Ｄ，１２２Ａ〜１２２Ｄも制御装置２２によって開閉制御されるようになっている。
【００７０】
そして、逆洗用エアタンク１２Ａには除塵処理時の逆洗に用いられる圧縮エアが貯溜され、逆洗用エアタンク１２Ｂにはフィルタ再生時に用いられる圧縮エアが貯溜されており、逆洗用エアタンク１２Ｂの圧縮エアの圧力（０．８ＭＰａ）のほうが逆洗用エアタンク１２Ａの圧縮エアの圧力（０．７ＭＰａ）よりも高くなっている。例えば圧縮機で圧縮した圧縮エアを、逆洗用エアタンク１２Ａには０．７ＭＰａまで減圧して貯溜し逆洗用エアタンク１２Ｂには０．８ＭＰａまで減圧して貯溜する。また、制御装置２２でのバルブ１２１Ａ〜１２１Ｄ，１２２Ａ〜１２２Ｄの開閉制御のタイミングを変えることにより、除塵処理時とフィルタ再生時とで逆洗間隔及び逆洗パルス噴射時間も変えるようになっている。逆洗間隔については除塵処理時に１０ｍｉｎ、フィルタ再生時に５ｍｉｎとし、逆洗パルス噴射時間については除塵処理時に０．２ｓｅｃ、フィルタ再生時に０．３ｓｅｃとする。
【００７１】
なお、本排ガス処理装置の他の構成や集塵処理条件及び逆洗条件などについては、上記実施の形態１及び５と同様であるため（図１，図１０参照）、ここでの説明は省略する。
【００７２】
以上のように、本実施の形態７の排ガス処理装置では、２台の逆洗用エアタンク１２Ａ，１２Ｂを備えることにより、フィルタ再生時には逆洗圧力を除塵処理時よりも高圧に切り換え、また、フィルタ再生時には除塵処理時に比べて逆洗間隔を短くし且つ逆洗パルス噴射時間を長くする。このため、除塵処理時に比べてフィルタ再生時の逆洗力を高くすることができるため、より確実にすすを払い落としてセラミックフィルタ１８Ａ〜１８Ｄを再生することができる。
【００７３】
なお、上記実施の形態１〜７の構成は適宜組み合わせることもできる。例えば、上記実施の形態６（図１１）の排ガス処理装置において、上記実施の形態２に示すような整流体３１Ａ〜３１Ｄや加熱再生ガス分配管７１などのような加熱再生ガス分配手段を設けてもよい。
【００７４】
また、上記実施の形態１などでは再生用加熱空気供給装置１３により外気（空気）を加熱したものを加熱再生ガスとして用いているが、必ずしもこれに限定するものではなく、他の気体を加熱再生ガスとして利用してもよい。例えば排ガスの一部を分流し、この分流排ガスを、適宜加熱してフィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度とすることにより加熱再生ガスとして利用してもよい。
【００７５】
また、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度に加熱する再生加熱手段としては、フィルタ全体の付着物を加熱することが容易であることなどから上記にように加熱再生ガスを用いることが望ましいと考えられるが、必ずしもこれに限定するものではなく、電気ヒータなどの他の加熱手段を用いてもよい。
【００７６】
【発明の効果】
以上、発明の実施の形態とともに具体的に説明したように、第１発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気することにより排ガス中に含まれる微粒子を除去する排ガス処理装置において、フィルタ再生手段として、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度でフィルタ付着物を加熱する再生加熱手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、再生加熱手段は、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度の加熱再生ガスをフィルタに流し、この加熱再生スによってフィルタ付着物を加熱する加熱再生ガス供給手段であること、加熱再生ガスをフィルタ全体に均一に分配する加熱再生ガス分配手段を、フィルタの上流側に配置したこと、フィルタの排ガス通気方向はアップフローであり、加熱再生ガス分配手段は、フォーク状に分岐した複数の分岐部を有するとともに各分岐部の間には隙間を有し且つ各分岐部の噴出孔が下流側にいくほど大きくて各噴出孔から噴出される加熱再生ガス量が等しくなるように形成されている加熱再生ガス分配管であり、この加熱再生ガス分配管をフィルタの下側に配置したことを特徴とする。
従って、この第１発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、加熱再生ガス分配管によって加熱再生ガスをフィルタ全体に均一に分配するため、フィルタ全体を均一に加熱再生することができ、しかも、逆洗によって落としたすすが各分岐部間の隙間から下に落ちるため各分岐部上に堆積することはない。
また、第２発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気することにより排ガス中に含まれる微粒子を除去する排ガス処理装置において、フィルタ再生手段として、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度でフィルタ付着物を加熱する再生加熱手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、再生加熱手段は、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度の加熱再生ガスをフィルタに流し、この加熱再生ガスによってフィルタ付着物を加熱する加熱再生ガス供給手段であること、加熱再生ガス中に不燃ガスを混入して加熱再生ガスの酸素濃度を低減することにより、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度を高めたことを特徴とする。
また、第３発明の排ガス処理装置は、第２発明の排ガス処理装置において、加熱再生ガスの酸素濃度は体積比で５％以下とし、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度を４００〜６００℃としたことを特徴とする。
従って、この第２又は第３発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、加熱再生ガスの酸素濃度を低減して加熱再生温度（フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度）を高くすることにより、フィルタの付着物に沸点の高いオイルミストが存在する場合にも、オイルミストを完全に揮発させることができて、逆洗によりすすを払い落とすことができる。
また、第４発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気することにより排ガス中に含まれる微粒子を除去する排ガス処理装置において、フィルタ再生手段として、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度でフィルタ付着物を加熱する再生加熱手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、フィルタ再生時には除塵処理時に比べて逆洗手段による逆洗間隔を短くし又は逆洗パルス噴射時間を長くするように構成したことを特徴とする。
また、第５発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気して排ガス中に含まれる微粒子をフィルタでろ過して除去する排ガス処理装置において、フィルタ再生手段として、外気を吸引してフィルタに流す再生用外気吸引手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、フィルタ再生時には除塵処理時に比べて逆洗手段による逆洗間隔を短くし又は逆洗パルス噴射時間を長くするように構成したことを特徴とする。
従って、この第４又は第５発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、フィルタ再生時には除塵処理時に比べて逆洗手段による逆洗間隔を短くし又は逆洗パルス噴射時間を長くすることにより、除塵処理時に比べてフィルタ再生時の逆洗力を高くすることができるため、より確実にすすを払い落としてフィルタを再生することができる。
また、第６発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気することにより排ガス中に含まれる微粒子を除去する排ガス処理装置において、フィルタ再生手段として、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度でフィルタ付着物を加熱する再生加熱手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、フィルタ再生時に逆洗圧力を除塵処理時よりも高圧に切り換える逆洗圧力切換手段を備えたことを特徴とする。
また、第７発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気して排ガス中に含まれる微粒子をフィルタでろ過して除去する排ガス処理装置において、フィルタ再生手段として、外気を吸引してフィルタに流す再生用外気吸引手段と、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗してフィルタに付着しているすすを払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたこと、フィルタ再生時に逆洗圧力を除塵処理時よりも高圧に切り換える逆洗圧力切換手段を備えたことを特徴とする。
従って、この第６又は第７発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、フィルタ再生時に逆洗圧力を除塵処理時よりも高圧に切り換えるとにより、除塵処理時に比べてフィルタ再生時の逆洗力を高くすることができるため、より確実にすすを払い落としてフィルタを再生することができる。
また、第８発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気することにより排ガス中に含まれる微粒子を除去する排ガス処理装置において、フィルタ再生手段として、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度でフィルタ付着物を加熱することにより、前記すすは燃焼させずに前記オイルミストの揮発だけを行う再生加熱手段と、前記オイルミストの揮発により粘着力を失った前記すすを、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗して払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。
また、第９発明の排ガス処理装置は、第８発明の排ガス処理装置において、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度を、３２０〜４００℃の範囲としたことを特徴とする。
従って、この第８又は第９発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、再生加熱手段による加熱によってすすは燃焼させずにオイルミストの揮発だけを行い、オイルミストが揮発して剥離し易くなったすすを逆洗で払い落とすため、即ち、フィルタ付着物を燃焼させることなく除去することができるため、フィルタ付着物の燃焼にともなう熱衝撃によってフィルタが破損することはない。
また、第１０発明の排ガス処理装置は、第８又は第９発明の排ガス処理装置において、再生加熱手段は、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度の加熱再生ガスをフィルタに流し、この加熱再生ガスによってフィルタ付着物を加熱する加熱再生ガス供給手段であることを特徴とする。
従って、この第１０発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、加熱再生ガスによってすすは燃焼させずにオイルミストの揮発だけを行い、オイルミストが揮発して剥離し易くなったすすを逆洗で払い落とすため、フィルタ付着物の燃焼にともなう熱衝撃によってフィルタが破損することはない。しかも、加熱再生ガスを用いることにより、フィルタ全体の付着物を加熱することが容易である。
また、第１１発明の排ガス処理装置は、第１０発明の排ガス処理装置において、加熱再生ガスをフィルタ全体に均一に分配する加熱再生ガス分配手段を、フィルタの上流側に配置したことを特徴とする。
従って、この第１１発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、加熱再生ガス分配手段によって加熱再生ガスをフィルタ全体に均一に分配するため、フィルタ全体を均一に加熱再生することができる。
また、第１２発明の排ガス処理装置は、第１１発明の排ガス処理装置において、フィルタの排ガス通気方向はアップフローであり、加熱再生ガス分配手段は、フォーク状に分岐した複数の分岐部を有するとともに各分岐部の間には隙間を有し且つ各分岐部の噴出孔が下流側にいくほど大きくて各噴出孔から噴出される加熱再生ガス量が等しくなるように形成されている加熱再生ガス分配管であり、この加熱再生ガス分配管をフィルタの下側に配置したことを特徴とする。
従って、この第１２発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、加熱再生ガス分配管によって加熱再生ガスをフィルタ全体に均一に分配するため、フィルタ全体を均一に加熱再生することができ、しかも、逆洗によって落としたすすが各分岐部間の隙間から下に落ちるため各分岐部上に堆積することはない。
また、第１３発明の排ガス処理装置は、第８ , 第９ , 第１０ , 第１１又は第１２発明の排ガス処理装置において、フィルタの外周面を加熱して同外周面からの放熱を防止するフィルタ外周面加熱手段を備えたことを特徴とする。
従って、この第１３発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、フィルタの外周面を加熱して同外周面からの放熱を防止することにより、フィルタの外周部の温度低下を防止することができるため、フィルタ全体を均一に加熱再生させることができる。
また、第１４発明の排ガス処理装置は、第１０ , 第１１又は第１２発明の排ガス処理装置において、加熱再生ガス中に不燃ガスを混入して加熱再生ガスの酸素濃度を低減することにより、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度を高めたことを特徴とする。
また、第１５発明の排ガス処理装置は、第１４発明の排ガス処理装置において、加熱再生ガスの酸素濃度は体積比で５％以下とし、フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度を４００〜６００℃としたことを特徴とする。
従って、この第１４又は第１５発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、加熱再生ガスの酸素濃度を低減して加熱再生温度（フィルタに付着したオイルミストは揮発し且つフィルタに付着したすすは燃焼しない温度）を高くすることにより、フィルタの付着物に沸点の高いオイルミストが存在する場合にも、オイルミストを完全に揮発させることができて、逆洗によりすすを払い落とすことができる。
また、第１６発明の排ガス処理装置は、第１０ , 第１１ , 第１２ , 第１４又は第１５に記載の排ガス処理装置において、加熱再生ガス供給手段は、フィルタの下流側からガスを吸気して加熱し、この加熱再生ガスをフィルタの上流側へ戻してフィルタへ流す加熱再生ガス循環手段であることを特徴とする。
従って、この第１６発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、加熱再生ガスを循環することから、循環中に放熱する熱量に若干の熱量を加えた分だけ加熱再生ガスの加熱を行えばよいため、ヒータなどの加熱手段の容量を低減することができる。
また、第１７発明の排ガス処理装置は、エンジンの排ガスを除塵装置のフィルタに通気して排ガス中に含まれる微粒子をフィルタでろ過して除去する排ガス処理装置において、フィルタ再生手段として、外気を吸引して加熱せずにフィルタに流すことにより、フィルタに付着しているオイルミストを揮発させる再生用外気吸引手段と、前記オイルミストの揮発により粘着力が低減されたフィルタに付着しているすすを、圧縮ガスによりフィルタを逆洗して払い落とす逆洗手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。
従って、この第１７発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、吸引した外気をそのままフィルタに流してオイルミストを揮発させるため、加熱再生ガスを生成するためのヒータの設置や加熱用の電力を必要としないため、構成が簡易で安価である。
また、第１８発明の排ガス処理装置は、第８ , 第９ , 第１０ , 第１１ , 第１２ , 第１３ , 第１４ , 第１５ , 第１６又は第１７発明の排ガス処理装置において、フィルタ再生時には除塵処理時に比べて逆洗手段による逆洗間隔を短くし又は逆洗パルス噴射時間を長くするように構成したことを特徴とする。
従って、この第１８発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、フィルタ再生時には除塵処理時に比べて逆洗手段による逆洗間隔を短くし又は逆洗パルス噴射時間を長くすることにより、除塵処理時に比べてフィルタ再生時の逆洗力を高くすることができるため、より確実にすすを払い落としてフィルタを再生することができる。
また、第１９発明の排ガス処理装置は、第８ , 第９ , 第１０ , 第１１ , 第１２ , 第１３ , 第１４ , 第１５ , 第１６ , 第１７又は第１８発明の排ガス処理装置において、フィルタ再生時に逆洗圧力を除塵処理時よりも高圧に切り換える逆洗圧力切換手段を備えたことを特徴とする。
従って、この第１９発明の排ガス処理装置によれば、フィルタ再生時に逆洗圧力を除塵処理時よりも高圧に切り換えるとにより、除塵処理時に比べてフィルタ再生時の逆洗力を高くすることができるため、より確実にすすを払い落としてフィルタを再生することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施の形態１に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。
【図２】３００℃連続集塵（除塵）処理時のフィルタ差圧推移を示す図である。
【図３】３５０℃連続集塵（除塵）処理時のフィルタ差圧推移を示す図である。
【図４】連続加熱再生集塵（除塵）処理時のフィルタ差圧推移を示す図である。
【図５】連続加熱再生集塵（除塵）処理時のフィルタ内温度推移を示す図である。
【図６】本発明の実施の形態２に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。
【図７】（ａ）はセラミックフィルタの通気方向がアップフローの場合のセラミックフィルタや加熱再生ガス分配管の構成を示す斜視図、（ｂ）は前記加熱再生ガス分配管の上面図である。
【図８】本発明の実施の形態３に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。
【図９】本発明の実施の形態４に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。
【図１０】本発明の実施の形態５に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。
【図１１】本発明の実施の形態６に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。
【図１２】本発明の実施の形態７に係る排ガス処理装置の構成図である。
【符号の説明】
１ディーゼルエンジン
２発電機
３過給機
３ａタービン
４排ガスボイラ
５ポンプ
６発電機
７蒸気タービン
８排ガスライン
１１除塵装置
１１ａ容器
１１ｂ排ガス入口
１１ｃ排ガス出口
１１Ａ〜１１Ｄ除塵装置
１２逆洗用エアタンク
１２Ａ，１２Ｂ逆洗用エアタンク
１３再生用加熱空気供給装置
１４ブロア
１５煙突
１６Ａ〜１６Ｄダンパ
１７Ａ〜１７Ｄダンパ
１８セラミックフィルタ
１８ａフィルタケース
１８ｂフィルタ部
１８Ａ〜１８Ｄセラミックフィルタ
１９Ａ〜１９Ｄバルブ
２０Ａ〜２０Ｄダンパ
２１加熱装置
２２制御装置
３１Ａ〜３１Ｄ整流体
３１Ａ−１〜３１Ｄ−１通気孔
７１加熱再生ガス分配管
７１ａ分岐部
７１ｂ噴出孔
８１Ａ〜８１Ｂ電気ヒータ
９１窒素ＰＳＡ
１０１熱風発生循環装置
１０２ブロア
１０３再生用空気加熱装置
１０４Ａ〜１０４Ｄダンパ
１０５Ａ〜１０５Ｄダンパ
１１１再生用外気吸引装置
１１２Ａ〜１１２Ｄダンパ
１２１Ａ〜１２１Ｄバルブ
１２２Ａ〜１２２Ｄバルブ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, and is useful when applied to a case where filter deposits (soot and oil mist) such as a ceramic filter provided in a dust removal apparatus are removed to regenerate the filter.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Diesel engine exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere after being treated by an exhaust gas treatment device. At this time, fine particles (soot) contained in the exhaust gas are removed by a filtration type dust remover equipped with a filter such as a ceramic filter. .
[0003]
In such an exhaust gas treatment device, the amount of filter deposits increases as the operation time of the diesel engine increases (filter clogging progresses) and the filter differential pressure increases, so the filter needs to be regenerated. For this reason, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus is equipped with a backwash air tank for storing compressed air, and the filter deposits are removed by backwashing the filter with the compressed air stored in the backwash air tank. However, not only soot but also oil mist is present in the filter deposit, and the filter deposit mixed with this oil mist has a high adhesive force and is difficult to remove only by backwashing with compressed air. Therefore, conventionally, not only backwashing with compressed air, but also an adhering matter combustion regeneration method in which the adhering matter of the filter is burned by heating with an electric heater or a burner has been adopted.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-mentioned conventional deposit combustion regeneration method, the filter differential pressure can be recovered (reduced) by burning the filter deposit, but the temperature difference (temperature gradient) in the filter caused by the combustion of the filter deposit is possible. ) Has a problem that the filter may be damaged by thermal shock (thermal stress). In other words, during combustion regeneration, the deposit on the entire filter does not burn at the same time, but starts to burn from the part where the combustion conditions are reached and spreads throughout, so a hot spot is generated in the filter and the filter is damaged by thermal shock due to this. There is.
[0005]
Accordingly, in view of the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that can regenerate a filter without damaging the filter due to thermal shock accompanying combustion of filter deposits.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
 The exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the first invention that solves the above problems is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that removes particulates contained in the exhaust gas by ventilating the exhaust gas of the engine through the filter of the dust removing device.
 As filter regeneration means, oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter heats the filter adhering material at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, and the filter is backwashed with compressed gas and adhered to the filter. Provided with backwashing means to remove soot,
 The regenerative heating means is a heated regenerative gas supply means for flowing a heated regenerated gas at a temperature at which oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and does not burn soot adhering to the filter, and heats the filter adhering material by this heating regenerative soot. There is,
 A heating regeneration gas distribution means for uniformly distributing the heating regeneration gas over the entire filter is disposed upstream of the filter;
 The exhaust gas ventilation direction of the filter is upflow,
 The regenerative heating gas distribution means has a plurality of branch portions branched in a fork shape and has gaps between the branch portions, and the ejection holes of each branch portion become larger toward the downstream side and are ejected from the ejection holes. The heating regeneration gas distribution pipe is formed so that the amount of heated regeneration gas to be equalized, and this heating regeneration gas distribution pipe is arranged below the filterIt is characterized by.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the second invention is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that removes fine particles contained in the exhaust gas by ventilating the exhaust gas of the engine through the filter of the dust removing device.
 As filter regeneration means, oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter heats the filter adhering material at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, and the filter is backwashed with compressed gas and adhered to the filter. Provided with a backwashing means for removing soot;
 The regeneration heating means is a heating regeneration gas supply means for flowing a heated regeneration gas at a temperature at which oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and does not burn soot adhering to the filter, and heats the filter adhering material with the heated regeneration gas. There is,
 By mixing non-combustible gas in the heated regeneration gas and reducing the oxygen concentration in the heated regeneration gas, the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and the temperature at which the soot adhering to the filter does not burn is increased.It is characterized by.
 Moreover, the exhaust gas treatment device of the third invention is the exhaust gas treatment device of the second invention,
The oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas is 5% or less by volume, and the temperature at which the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and the soot adhering to the filter does not burn is 400 to 600 ° C.
 The exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fourth invention is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that removes fine particles contained in the exhaust gas by passing the exhaust gas of the engine through the filter of the dust removing device.
 As filter regeneration means, oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter heats the filter adhering material at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, and the filter is backwashed with compressed gas and adhered to the filter. Provided with a backwashing means for removing soot;
 When the filter is regenerated, the backwashing interval by the backwashing means is shortened or the backwashing pulse injection time is lengthened as compared with the dust removal process.
 An exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that vents engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removal device and filters and removes particulates contained in the exhaust gas by a filter.
 As a filter regeneration means, it was provided with a regeneration outside air suction means for sucking outside air and flowing it to the filter, and a backwash means for backwashing the filter with compressed gas to remove soot adhering to the filter,
 When the filter is regenerated, the backwashing interval by the backwashing means is shortened or the backwashing pulse injection time is lengthened as compared with the dust removal process.
 Further, an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus for removing fine particles contained in the exhaust gas by passing the exhaust gas of the engine through the filter of the dust removing device.
As filter regeneration means, oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter heats the filter adhering material at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, and the filter is backwashed with compressed gas and adhered to the filter. Provided with a backwashing means for removing soot;
 It is characterized by comprising backwash pressure switching means for switching the backwash pressure to a higher pressure than during dust removal during filter regeneration.
 An exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus for venting engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removal device and filtering and removing fine particles contained in the exhaust gas through a filter.
 As a filter regeneration means, it was provided with a regeneration outside air suction means for sucking outside air and flowing it to the filter, and a backwash means for backwashing the filter with compressed gas to remove soot adhering to the filter,
 It is characterized by comprising backwash pressure switching means for switching the backwash pressure to a higher pressure than during dust removal during filter regeneration.
 An exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus for removing fine particles contained in the exhaust gas by ventilating the exhaust gas of the engine through the filter of the dust removing device.
 As filter regeneration means, oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter is heated at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, so that only the oil mist is volatilized without burning the soot. Heating means, and backwashing means for backwashing the soot that has lost its adhesive force due to volatilization of the oil mist by backwashing the filter with compressed gas, are provided.
 The exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the ninth invention is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eighth invention,
 The oil mist adhering to the filter is volatilized, and the temperature at which the soot adhering to the filter does not burn is in the range of 320 to 400 ° C.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the tenth invention is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eighth or ninth invention,
 The regeneration heating means is a heating regeneration gas supply means for flowing a heated regeneration gas at a temperature at which oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and does not burn soot adhering to the filter, and heats the filter adhering material with the heated regeneration gas. It is characterized by being.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment device of the eleventh aspect of the invention is the exhaust gas treatment device of the tenth aspect of the invention.
 The heating regeneration gas distribution means for uniformly distributing the heating regeneration gas over the entire filter is arranged on the upstream side of the filter.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the twelfth invention is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eleventh invention,
 The exhaust gas ventilation direction of the filter is upflow,
 The regenerative heating gas distribution means has a plurality of branch portions branched in a fork shape and has gaps between the branch portions, and the ejection holes of each branch portion become larger toward the downstream side and are ejected from the ejection holes. The heating regeneration gas distribution pipe is formed so that the amount of the heated regeneration gas to be equalized, and this heating regeneration gas distribution pipe is arranged below the filter.
 Moreover, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the thirteenth invention is the eighth. , 9th , 10th , In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eleventh or twelfth invention,
 A filter outer peripheral surface heating means for heating the outer peripheral surface of the filter to prevent heat radiation from the outer peripheral surface is provided.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fourteenth invention is the tenth invention. , In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eleventh or twelfth invention,
 The temperature of the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and the soot adhering to the filter does not burn is increased by mixing the non-combustible gas into the heated regeneration gas to reduce the oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas. .
 Moreover, the exhaust gas treatment device of the fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the exhaust gas treatment device of the fourteenth aspect of the invention,
 The oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas is 5% or less by volume, and the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and the temperature at which the soot adhering to the filter does not burn is 400 to 600 ° C. It is a sign.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the sixteenth invention is the tenth invention. , 11th , 12th , In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fourteenth or fifteenth aspect,
 The heated regeneration gas supply means is a heated regeneration gas circulation means that sucks and heats gas from the downstream side of the filter, returns the heated regeneration gas to the upstream side of the filter, and flows it to the filter.
 An exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that vents engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removal device and filters and removes particulates contained in the exhaust gas.
 As the filter regeneration means, the outside air suction means for volatilizing the oil mist adhering to the filter by sucking outside air and flowing it through the filter without heating, and the adhesive force is reduced by the volatilization of the oil mist. Backwashing means for backwashing the soot adhering to the filter by using a compressed gas to backwash the filter is provided.
 The exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eighteenth aspect of the invention is the eighth. , 9th , 10th , 11th , 12th , 13th , 14th , 15th , In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the sixteenth or seventeenth invention,
 When the filter is regenerated, the backwashing interval by the backwashing means is shortened or the backwashing pulse injection time is lengthened as compared with the dust removal process.
 Moreover, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the nineteenth invention is the eighth , 9th , 10th , 11th , 12th , 13th , 14th , 15th , 16th , In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the seventeenth or eighteenth invention,
 It is characterized by comprising backwash pressure switching means for switching the backwash pressure to a higher pressure than during dust removal during filter regeneration.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0019]
<Embodiment 1>
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the diesel engine 1 is used as a drive source for the generator 2. The exhaust gas from the diesel engine 1 is supplied to the supercharger 3 to rotate the turbine 3a, and then supplied to the exhaust heat boiler 4. In the exhaust heat boiler 4, the water supplied by the pump 5 is converted into steam by the heat of the exhaust gas, and the steam turbine 7 that is a drive source of the generator 6 is rotated by the steam. In some plants, there is no exhaust heat boiler.
[0020]
Thereafter, the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust gas line 8 downstream as indicated by an arrow A and is guided to the exhaust gas treatment device.
[0021]
This exhaust gas treatment apparatus has four dust removal apparatuses 11A, 11B, 11C, and 11D. These dust removing devices 11 A to 11 D are filtration type equipped with ceramic filters 18 A, 18 B, 18 C, 18 D and are arranged in parallel with the exhaust gas line 8. Dampers 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D and dampers 17A, 17B, 17C, and 17D are provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the dust removing devices 11A to 11D, respectively.
[0022]
A blower 14 is disposed on the downstream side of the dust removing devices 11 A to 11 D, and the downstream side of the dust removing devices 11 A to 11 D and the suction side of the blower 14 are connected via the exhaust gas line 8. The discharge side of the blower 14 is connected to the chimney via the exhaust gas line 8. Accordingly, the exhaust gas of the diesel engine 1 is sucked into the blower 14 and introduced into the dust removing devices 11A to 11D, and the soot in the exhaust gas is removed by the dust removing devices 11A to 11D and then released from the chimney 15 into the atmosphere ( Dust collection conditions will be described later)
[0023]
The exhaust gas treatment apparatus is equipped with a backwash air tank 12 as backwashing means. The backwash air tank 12 is connected to the dust removing devices 11A to 11D via valves 19A, 19B, 19C, and 19D. In the air tank 12 for backwashing, the air compressed by the compressor is adjusted (depressurized) to a predetermined pressure and stored.
[0024]
The exhaust gas treatment apparatus includes a regeneration heating air supply device 13 as regeneration heating means (heating regeneration gas supply means). The regeneration heating air supply device 13 is connected to the upstream side of each of the dust removing devices 11A to 11D via dampers 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D. The regeneration heating air supply device 13 includes a blower (not shown). After the outside air (air) sucked by the blower is heated by a heating device 21 such as an electric heater or a burner, each dust removing device is used as a heating regeneration gas. It supplies to 11A-11D ceramic filter 18A-18D.
[0025]
In this case, the heated regeneration gas is selectively supplied only to the dust removal device that performs filter regeneration by controlling the opening and closing of the dampers 20 A to 20 D by the control device 22. The control device 22 also performs opening / closing control of the dampers 16A to 16D, 17A to 17D and the valves 19A to 19D, start / stop control of the regeneration heating air supply device 13, and the like. The dampers 16A to 16D and the dampers 20A to 20D are controlled to open and close at a predetermined filter regeneration timing (heating regeneration conditions will be described later), and the valves 19A to 19D are controlled to be opened and closed at a predetermined backwash timing (backwash conditions will be described later).
[0026]
For example, when regenerating the ceramic filter 18A of the dust removing device 11A, the damper 16A is closed, the other dampers 16B to 16D are opened, the damper 20 is opened, and the other dampers 20B to 20D are closed. As a result, the dust removal processing is performed by the dust removers 11B to 11D, and the heated regeneration gas is supplied from the regeneration heated air supply device 13 to the dust remover 11A. For this reason, the heated regeneration gas flows through the ceramic filter 18A of the dust removing device 11A, and the deposits (soot and oil mist) of the ceramic filter 18A are heated by the heated regeneration gas.
[0027]
The temperature of the heated regeneration gas at this time is set so that the oil mist adhering to the ceramic filter 18A volatilizes and the soot adhering to the ceramic filter 18A does not burn. When the deposit on the ceramic filter 18A is heated by the heated regeneration gas at such a temperature, the oil mist adhering to the ceramic filter 18A is volatilized and discharged together with the heated regeneration gas, soot is not burned and burns into the ceramic filter 18A. Although it remains, the soot at this time loses its adhesive force due to the volatilization of the oil mist and is easily peeled off from the ceramic filter 18A.
[0028]
For this reason, it is possible to easily remove soot by simply opening the valve 19A and backwashing the ceramic filter 18A with the compressed air in the backwash air tank 12. The specific value of the heated regeneration gas temperature at which the oil mist volatilizes and soot does not burn is preferably in the range of 320 to 400 ° C., and preferably 350 ° C.
[0029]
Although specific explanation is omitted, when the ceramic filters 18B to 18D of the other dust removing devices 11B to 11D are regenerated, the regeneration from the regenerating heated air supply device 13 is the same as the case of the ceramic filter 18A of the dust removing device 11A. The deposits on the ceramic filters 18B to 18D are heated by the heated regeneration gas to volatilize the oil mist adhering to the ceramic filters 18B to 18D, and the soot adhering to the ceramic filters 18B to 18D by backwashing with compressed air. Dispel. The soot that has been removed can be discharged from a discharge hole (not shown).
[0030]
Here, dust collection treatment conditions, backwash conditions, and heating regeneration conditions in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present embodiment will be described.
[0031]
The dust collection conditions are as follows.
(1) The processing gas temperature (temperature of exhaust gas flowing into the ceramic filter of the dust removing device) is 250 ° C. (150 to 350 ° C.).
(2) The filtration flow rate (flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the ceramic filter of the dust remover) is 1.5 m / min (0.5 to 3 m / min).
(3) The regeneration time interval (the time for which the ceramic filter of each dust removing device performs the dust removing process continuously) is 3 hours (2 to 10 hours).
[0032]
The backwash conditions are as follows.
(1) The backwash pressure (pressure of compressed air sprayed on the ceramic filter of the dust remover) is 0.7 MPa (0.2 to 1.0 MPa).
(2) The backwashing interval (time interval for blowing compressed air to the ceramic filter of the dust removing device) is 10 min (5 to 30 min). Backwashing is performed both during filter regeneration and during dust removal.
(3) The backwash pulse injection time (the time during which compressed air is continuously injected to the ceramic filter of the dust remover) is 0.2 sec (0.1 to 0.3 sec).
[0033]
The heating regeneration conditions are as follows.
(1) The heating regeneration temperature (the temperature of the heating regeneration gas supplied to the ceramic filter of the dust removing device) is 350 ° C. (320 to 400 ° C.).
(2) The regeneration gas filtration flow rate (the flow rate of the heated regeneration gas flowing through the ceramic filter of the dust removing device) is 0.5 m / min (0.2 to 1.5 m / min).
(3) The heating regeneration time (the time for regenerating the ceramic filter by flowing the heated regeneration gas through the ceramic filter of the dust removing device) is 1 hour (0.5 to 3 hours).
[0034]
The required number of dust removers (ceramic filters) is determined by the regeneration time interval under the dust collection treatment condition and the heat regeneration time under the heat regeneration condition. When the regeneration time interval is 3 hours and the heat regeneration time is 1 hour, As shown in FIG. 1, four dust removing devices 11A to 11D (ceramic filters 18A to 18D) may be provided.
[0035]
As described above, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the first embodiment includes the regeneration heating air supply device 13 and the backwash air tank 12 as filter regeneration means, and the heating regeneration gas of the regeneration heating air supply device 13 is provided. The soot is not burned but only the oil mist is volatilized, so that the oil mist volatilizes and is easily peeled off so that the soot can be removed by backwashing with the compressed air in the backwash air tank 12, that is, the filter adhering matter. Therefore, the ceramic filters 11 A to 11 D are not damaged by the thermal shock associated with the burning of the filter deposits.
[0036]
Here, the result of the filter regeneration test will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0037]
FIG. 2 shows changes in the filter differential pressure during the 300 ° C. continuous dust collection (dust removal) process. As the dust collection test conditions, the treatment gas temperature (exhaust gas temperature) is 300 ° C., the filtration flow rate (exhaust gas flow rate) is 1.0 m / min, and the filter regeneration method is 0.7 MPa backwash pressure (compressed air pressure). Only backwashing was performed. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, since the filter regeneration is insufficient only by backwashing with compressed air, the filter differential pressure continues to rise, and therefore, continuous stable operation is impossible.
[0038]
FIG. 3 shows a change in filter differential pressure during 350 ° C. continuous dust collection (dust removal) treatment. As the dust collection test conditions, the processing gas temperature (exhaust gas temperature) is 350 ° C., the filtration flow rate (exhaust gas flow rate) is 1.5 m / min, and the filter regeneration method is 0.7 MPa backwash pressure (compressed air pressure). Only backwashing was performed. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the ceramic filter is regenerated only by backwashing with compressed air, and continuous stable operation is possible.
[0039]
FIG. 4 shows a change in filter differential pressure during continuous heating regeneration dust collection (dust removal), and FIG. 5 shows a temperature change in the filter during continuous heating regeneration dust collection (dust removal). As the dust collection treatment test conditions, the treatment gas temperature (exhaust gas temperature) was 250 ° C., the filtration flow rate (exhaust gas flow rate) was 1.5 m / min, and the filter regeneration method was backwashing with compressed air and heating regeneration. The backwash pressure (compressed air pressure) is 0.7 MPa, the heating regeneration temperature (heating regeneration gas temperature) is 350 ° C., and the heating regeneration filtration flow rate (heating regeneration gas flow rate) is 0.8 m / min. As described above, when the dust collection process at the processing gas temperature of 250 ° C. and the filter heating regeneration at the heating regeneration temperature of 350 ° C. are repeated, the filter differential pressure is stabilized as shown in FIG. Thus, the filter temperature does not exceed 350 ° C.
[0040]
Therefore, combustion of filter deposits (soot and oil mist) does not occur (if the filter deposits burn, the temperature inside the filter rises to 350 ° C. or higher in the heated regeneration gas), and oil mist generated by the heated regeneration gas. It can be seen that the soot that has been volatilized only and is easily peeled off by the volatilization of the oil mist has been removed by backwashing with compressed air. Therefore, in this case, continuous stable operation is possible.
[0041]
<Embodiment 2>
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 7A is a perspective view showing the configuration of the ceramic filter and the heating regeneration gas distribution pipe when the ventilation direction of the ceramic filter is upflow, and FIG. 7B is a top view of the heating regeneration gas distribution pipe. is there.
[0042]
As shown in FIG. 6, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the second embodiment includes flat plate rectifiers 31A, 31B, 31B, 31C, and 31D as heating regeneration gas distribution means. These rectifiers 31A to 31D are arranged upstream (immediately before) the ceramic filters 11A to 11D, and a plurality of vent holes 31A-1, 31B-1, 31B-1, 31C-1, and 31D-1 are provided. The heating regeneration gas supplied from the regeneration heating air supply device 13 is opened in an array that can be uniformly distributed to the entire ceramic filters 11A to 11D.
[0043]
For example, when the ceramic filters 11A to 11D are honeycomb type wall through ceramic filters (see FIG. 7), the air holes 31A-1 to 31A-1 are arranged so as to correspond to the respective filter portions of the honeycomb type wall through ceramic filter. What is necessary is just to open 31D-1.
[0044]
Further, as shown in FIG. 7, when the exhaust gas ventilation direction of the ceramic filter 18 is a direction (up flow) from the bottom to the top as shown by the arrow B, the heated regeneration gas distribution pipe 71 serves as the heating regeneration gas distribution means. It is desirable to use
[0045]
More specifically, the ceramic filter 18 is a filter in which a plurality of quadrangular columnar filter portions 18b accommodated in a filter case 18a are arranged vertically and horizontally to form a honeycomb shape (honeycomb type wall-through ceramic filter), and each filter portion 18b. Is installed in the container 11a of the dust removing device 11 so that the exhaust gas aeration direction is vertical. The lower part of the container 11a has an exhaust gas inlet 11b and the upper part has an exhaust gas outlet 11c. The exhaust gas flowing into the container 11a from the exhaust gas inlet 11b flows through the filter portions 18a of the ceramic filter 18 from the bottom to the top. Then, it flows out of the container 11a from the exhaust gas outlet 11c.
[0046]
A heated regeneration gas distribution pipe 71 is disposed below (directly below) the ceramic filter 11. The heating regeneration gas distribution pipe 71 has a plurality of branch portions 71a branched in a fork shape, and there is a gap between each branch portion 71a, and a heating regeneration gas ejection hole is formed in each branch portion 71a. 71b is formed. In addition, the ejection holes 71b of the branch portions 71a are opened corresponding to the positions of the filter portions 18a of the ceramic filter 18 and become larger toward the downstream side (left side in the figure) in consideration of pressure loss. By doing so, the heating regeneration gas amount ejected from each ejection hole 71b is made equal.
[0047]
In addition, since it is the same as that of the said Embodiment 1 about other structures, dust collection processing conditions, backwashing conditions, heating regeneration conditions, etc. of this exhaust gas processing apparatus (refer FIG. 1), description here is abbreviate | omitted. .
[0048]
As described above, in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the second embodiment, the rectifiers 31A to 31D that uniformly distribute the heated regeneration gas to the entire ceramic filters 18A to 18D are provided on the upstream side of the ceramic filters 18A to 18D. The entire ceramic filters 18A to 18D can be uniformly heated and regenerated by the heated regeneration gas.
[0049]
Further, in the case of upflow like the ceramic filter 18, the entire ceramic filter 18 can be uniformly heated and regenerated by the heated regeneration gas by using the heated regeneration gas distribution pipe 71 as shown in FIG. 7. In addition, it is possible to prevent the soot removed by backwashing with compressed air from accumulating on the heated regeneration gas distribution pipe 71. In other words, when a rectifying body or the like is disposed on the lower side (upstream side) of the ceramic filter 18, soot that has been washed away by backwashing may accumulate on the ceramic filter 18. If so, the soot removed by backwashing falls down from the gaps between the branch portions 71a and does not accumulate on the branch portions 71a. The soot that has been removed can be discharged from a discharge hole (not shown).
[0050]
<Embodiment 3>
FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment includes electric heaters 81A, 81B, 81C, 81D as filter outer peripheral surface heating means. These electric heaters 81A to 81D are disposed around the ceramic filters 11A to 11D, and heat the outer peripheral surfaces of the ceramic filters 11A to 11D during filter regeneration to prevent heat dissipation from the outer peripheral surfaces. The operation timing of these electric heaters 81 A to 81 D (heating start and heating end during filter regeneration) is also controlled by the control device 22. The heating temperature of the electric heaters 81A to 81D needs to be a temperature at which the soot attached to the ceramic filters 11A to 11D does not burn. Desirably, the oil mist attached to the ceramic filters 11A to 11D volatilizes and the ceramic filters 11A to 11A. The soot adhering to 11D is set to a temperature at which it does not burn.
[0051]
The other configurations of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus, the dust collection treatment conditions, the backwash conditions, the heating regeneration conditions, and the like are the same as in the first and second embodiments (see FIGS. 1, 6, and 7). Explanation here is omitted.
[0052]
As described above, in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment, the ceramic heaters 11A to 11D are heated by heating the outer peripheral surfaces of the ceramic filters 11A to 11D with the electric heaters 81A to 81D to prevent heat radiation from the outer peripheral surfaces. Since the temperature decrease of the outer peripheral portion of 11D can be prevented, the entire ceramic filters 18A to 18D can be uniformly heated and regenerated by the heated regeneration gas.
[0053]
<Embodiment 4>
FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of Embodiment 4 includes nitrogen PSA (Pressure Swing Absorption) 91 as non-combustible gas supply means. In the nitrogen PSA 91, nitrogen is supplied to the regeneration heating air supply device 13 as an incombustible gas. In the regenerative heating air supply device 21, the outside air (air) sucked by the blower and the nitrogen supplied from the nitrogen PSA 91 are mixed, the mixed gas is heated by the heating device 21, and then each dust removing device 11 A as a heating regeneration gas. Supplied to ˜11D ceramic filters 18A-18D.
[0054]
As a result, the oxygen concentration in the heated regeneration gas is reduced, so that the oil mist adhering to the ceramic filters 11A to 11D volatilizes and the temperature at which the soot adhering to the ceramic filters 11A to 11D does not burn can be increased. In this case, the specific value of the oxygen concentration in the heated regeneration gas is preferably 5% or less by volume ratio. Further, the temperature of the heated regeneration gas is preferably in the range of 400 ° C. to 600 ° C., preferably 500 ° C.
[0055]
In addition, since it is the same as that of the said Embodiment 1 about other structures, dust collection processing conditions, backwashing conditions, heating regeneration conditions, etc. of this exhaust gas processing apparatus (refer FIG. 1), description here is abbreviate | omitted. .
[0056]
As described above, in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fourth embodiment, the non-combustible gas (nitrogen) is mixed in the heated regeneration gas to reduce the oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas, so that the filter deposit (soot) is burned. Since the temperature becomes higher, the oil mist adhering to the ceramic filter 18A volatilizes and the temperature at which the soot adhering to the ceramic filter 18A does not burn (heating regeneration temperature) may be made higher than in the first embodiment or the like. it can. For this reason, even when oil mist with a high boiling point exists in the deposits of the ceramic filters 11A to 11D, the oil mist can be completely volatilized, and soot can be removed by backwashing with compressed air.
[0057]
<Embodiment 5>
FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fifth embodiment includes a hot air generating and circulating apparatus 101 as a regeneration heating means.
[0058]
The hot air generating and circulating device 101 has a blower 102 and a regenerating air heating device 103. The blower 102 is connected to the downstream side of each of the dust removing devices 11A to 11D via the dampers 104A, 104B, 104C, and 104D, and the discharge side is connected to the regeneration air heating device 103. The regeneration air heating device 103 includes heating means such as an electric heater and a burner, and is connected to the upstream side of each of the dust removing devices 11A to 11D via dampers 105A, 105B, 105C, and 105D.
[0059]
The control device 22 also performs opening / closing control of the dampers 104A to 104D, 105A to 105D, start / stop control of the blower 102 and the regeneration air heating device 103, and filter regeneration for the dampers 104A to 104D and 105A to 105D. Open only the damper connected to the dust remover. For example, when regenerating the ceramic filter 18A of the dust removing device 11A, the damper 16A and the damper 17A on the upstream side and the downstream side of the dust removing device 11A are closed and the damper 104A and the damper 105A are opened.
[0060]
By starting the blower 102 in this state, air (exhaust gas) existing between the dampers 16A and 16B (such as the dust removing device 11A) is sucked from the downstream side of the ceramic filter 18A and sent to the regenerating air heating device 103. Then, after heating by the regenerating air heating device 103, the adhering material on the ceramic filter 18A is heated by supplying the heated regenerating gas to the ceramic filter 18A from the upstream side. Thereafter, this hot air generation circulation is continued until the regeneration of the ceramic filter 18A is completed. The soot adhering to the ceramic filter 18A is removed by opening the valve 19A and backwashing with compressed air. The temperature of the heated regeneration gas at this time is set to a temperature (350 ° C. (320 to 400 ° C.)) in which the oil mist adhering to the ceramic filter 18A volatilizes and the soot adhering to the ceramic filter 18A does not burn.
[0061]
Although a specific description is omitted, when the ceramic filters 18A to 18D of the other dust removing apparatuses 11A to 11D are regenerated, the hot air generating and circulating apparatus 101 performs hot air generation and circulation as in the case of the ceramic filter 18A of the dust removing apparatus 11A. Is done.
[0062]
The other configurations of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus, the dust collection treatment conditions, the backwash conditions, the heating regeneration conditions, and the like are the same as those in the first to third embodiments (FIGS. 1, 6, 6, and 7). 8), the description here is omitted.
[0063]
As described above, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fifth embodiment includes the hot air generation and circulation device 101 and the backwash air tank 13 as filter regeneration means, and the heated regeneration gas circulated by the hot air generation and circulation device 101 Soot does not burn but only volatilizes the oil mist, so that the soot that is easily peeled off due to volatilization of the oil mist is removed by backwashing with compressed air in the backwash air tank 12, that is, the filter deposits are burned Therefore, the ceramic filters 11 A to 11 D are not damaged by the thermal shock caused by the combustion of the filter deposits. In addition, since the heat regeneration gas only needs to be supplemented (heated) by adding a small amount of heat to the heat dissipated during circulation to obtain the heat regeneration temperature, the capacity of the regeneration air heating device 103 is increased. Can be reduced.
[0064]
<Embodiment 6>
FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fifth embodiment includes a regeneration outside air suction device 111 as a regeneration outside air suction means. The regeneration outside air suction device 111 is connected to the upstream side of each of the dust removing devices 11A to 11D via dampers 112A, 112B, 112C, and 112D.
[0065]
The regeneration outside air suction device 111 is provided with a blower (not shown), and the air is sucked by this blower and flows to the ceramic filters 18A to 18D of the dust removing devices 11A to 11D, thereby making the ceramic filters 18A to 18D. Volatilizes oil mist adhering to. The oil mist can be volatilized by the vapor pressure even if it is passed through the ceramic filters 18 A to 18 D while the outside air is not heated, so that the soot adhesive force can be reduced. The control device 22 also performs opening / closing control of the dampers 112 A to 112 D and starting / stopping control of the regeneration outside air suction device 111.
[0066]
For example, when regenerating the ceramic filter 18A of the dust removing device 11A, after removing dust for a certain period of time (after the filter differential pressure has increased) with the dust removing device 11A, the damper 16A on the upstream side of the dust removing device 11A is closed, and the damper 112A is opened and then regenerated. The blower of the outdoor air suction device 111 is activated to suck outside air and flow it through the ceramic filter 18A, thereby volatilizing the oil mist adhering to the ceramic filter 18A. The soot adhering to the ceramic filter 18A is removed by opening the valve 19A and backwashing the ceramic filter 18A with the compressed air in the backwash air tank 12. Although specific description is omitted, when the ceramic filters 18B to 18D of the other dust removing devices 11B to 11D are regenerated, the same operation as that for the ceramic filter 18A of the dust removing device 11A is performed.
[0067]
In addition, since it is the same as that of the said Embodiment 1 about other structures, dust collection processing conditions, backwashing conditions, etc. of this exhaust gas processing apparatus (refer FIG. 1), description here is abbreviate | omitted.
[0068]
As described above, in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to the sixth embodiment, the regeneration gas heating apparatus 111 that sucks outside air and flows it to the ceramic filters 18A to 18D is configured to generate the heated regeneration gas. Since no heaters or heating power are required, the configuration is simple and inexpensive.
[0069]
<Embodiment 7>
FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the seventh embodiment includes two backwash air tanks 12A and 12B as backwash pressure switching means. The backwash air tank 12A is connected to the downstream side of each of the dust removing devices 11A to 11D via 121A, 121B, 121C, 121D, and the backwash air tank 12B is connected to each dust removing device 11A via the valves 122A, 122B, 122C, 122D. It is connected to the downstream side of ˜11D. These valves 121 A to 121 D and 122 A to 122 D are also controlled to be opened and closed by the control device 22.
[0070]
The backwashing air tank 12A stores compressed air used for backwashing during dust removal processing, and the backwashing air tank 12B stores compressed air used during filter regeneration. The pressure of compressed air (0.8 MPa) is higher than the pressure of compressed air (0.7 MPa) in the backwash air tank 12A. For example, the compressed air compressed by the compressor is depressurized and stored in the backwash air tank 12A to 0.7 MPa, and is depressurized and stored in the backwash air tank 12B to 0.8 MPa. Further, by changing the timing of opening / closing control of the valves 121A to 121D and 122A to 122D in the control device 22, the backwash interval and the backwash pulse injection time are also changed between the dust removal process and the filter regeneration. . The backwash interval is 10 min during dust removal, 5 min during filter regeneration, and the backwash pulse injection time is 0.2 sec during dust removal and 0.3 sec during filter regeneration.
[0071]
The other configurations of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus, the dust collection treatment conditions, the backwashing conditions, and the like are the same as in the first and fifth embodiments (see FIGS. 1 and 10), and thus the description thereof is omitted here. To do.
[0072]
As described above, in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the seventh embodiment, by providing the two backwash air tanks 12A and 12B, the backwash pressure is switched to a higher pressure during the filter regeneration than during the dust removal process, and the filter At the time of regeneration, the backwash interval is shortened and the backwash pulse injection time is lengthened as compared with the dust removal process. For this reason, since the backwashing power at the time of filter regeneration can be made higher than at the time of dust removal processing, the ceramic filters 18A to 18D can be regenerated more reliably by removing soot.
[0073]
In addition, the structure of the said Embodiment 1-7 can also be combined suitably. For example, in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the sixth embodiment (FIG. 11), heating regeneration gas distribution means such as the rectifiers 31A to 31D and the heating regeneration gas distribution pipe 71 as shown in the second embodiment are provided. Also good.
[0074]
Further, in the first embodiment and the like, the heated outside gas (air) is used as the heated regeneration gas by the regenerating heated air supply device 13, but this is not necessarily limited to this, and other gases are heated and regenerated. It may be used as a gas. For example, a part of the exhaust gas may be diverted, and the oil mist adhering to the filter may be volatilized and heated to a temperature at which the soot adhering to the filter volatilizes and the soot adhering to the filter does not burn. .
[0075]
Further, as a reheating means for heating the oil mist adhering to the filter to a temperature at which the soot adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot does not burn, it is easy to heat the adhering matter on the entire filter as described above. Although it is considered desirable to use the heated regeneration gas, it is not necessarily limited to this, and other heating means such as an electric heater may be used.
[0076]
【The invention's effect】
 As described above in detail with the embodiment of the invention, the exhaust gas treatment device of the first invention is an exhaust gas treatment device that removes particulates contained in the exhaust gas by passing the exhaust gas of the engine through the filter of the dust removal device. As a filter regeneration means, the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and the regeneration heating means for heating the filter adhering material at a temperature at which the soot does not burn off adheres to the filter, and the filter is backwashed with compressed gas and adheres to the filter. Provided with backwashing means to dispel sootThe regenerative heating means is a heated regenerated gas supply means for flowing a heated regenerated gas at a temperature at which the oil mist adhering to the filter is volatilized and does not burn soot adhering to the filter, and heats the filter adhering material by the heated regenerated gas. The heating regeneration gas distribution means that uniformly distributes the heating regeneration gas to the entire filter is disposed upstream of the filter, the exhaust gas ventilation direction of the filter is upflow, and the heating regeneration gas distribution means is a fork. A plurality of branch portions branched in a shape, and there are gaps between the branch portions, and the ejection holes of each branch portion become larger toward the downstream side, and the amount of the heat regeneration gas ejected from each ejection hole is equal. It is a heating regeneration gas distribution pipe that is formed so that this heating regeneration gas distribution pipe is placed under the filter.It is characterized by.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the first aspect of the present invention, the heated regeneration gas is uniformly distributed to the entire filter by the heated regeneration gas distribution pipe, so that the entire filter can be uniformly heated and regenerated, and by backwashing. Since the dropped soot falls down from the gap between the branch portions, it does not accumulate on each branch portion.
 The exhaust gas treatment device of the second invention is an exhaust gas treatment device that removes particulates contained in exhaust gas by venting engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removal device. Oil mist adhering to the filter is used as filter regeneration means. Regenerative heating means for heating soot that has volatilized and adhered to the filter at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, and backwashing means for backwashing the filter with compressed gas to remove soot adhering to the filter The regenerative heating means supplies heated regenerated gas that flows the heated regenerated gas at a temperature at which the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and does not burn soot adhering to the filter, and heats the filter adhering material by this heated regenerated gas. To reduce the oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas by mixing incombustible gas into the heated regeneration gas More oil mist adhering to the filter is characterized in that soot adhering to the volatile and filters increased the temperature does not burn.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment device of the third invention is the exhaust gas treatment device of the second invention, wherein the oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas is 5% or less by volume, and the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adheres to the filter. Is characterized in that the temperature at which it does not burn is 400-600 ° C.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the second or third aspect of the present invention, the oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas is reduced to reduce the heating regeneration temperature (the temperature at which oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter does not burn). ) Is increased, the oil mist can be completely volatilized even when oil mist having a high boiling point is present in the adhering matter of the filter, and soot can be removed by backwashing.
 An exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that removes particulates contained in exhaust gas by venting engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removal device. Oil mist adhering to a filter is used as a filter regeneration means. Regenerative heating means for heating soot that has volatilized and adhered to the filter at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, and backwashing means for backwashing the filter with compressed gas to remove soot adhering to the filter In the filter regeneration, the backwashing interval by the backwashing means is shortened or the backwashing pulse injection time is lengthened as compared with the dust removal process.
 An exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to a fifth aspect of the invention is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that vents engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removal device and filters and removes particulates contained in the exhaust gas through a filter. In addition, it is provided with a regeneration outside air suction means that flows through the filter, and a backwashing means that backwashes the filter with compressed gas to remove the soot adhering to the filter. Shorten backwash interval by means or backwash The pulse injection time is configured to be long.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fourth or fifth aspect of the invention, during the dust removal process, the backwashing interval by the backwashing means is shortened or the backwash pulse injection time is lengthened compared with the dust removal process during filter regeneration. In comparison, since the backwashing power at the time of filter regeneration can be increased, it is possible to regenerate the filter by removing soot more reliably.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the sixth invention is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that removes particulates contained in exhaust gas by venting engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removal device. Oil mist adhering to the filter is used as filter regeneration means. Regenerative heating means for heating soot that has volatilized and adhered to the filter at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, and backwashing means for backwashing the filter with compressed gas to remove soot adhering to the filter In addition, there is provided a backwash pressure switching means for switching the backwash pressure to a higher pressure than during dust removal during filter regeneration.
 An exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to a seventh aspect of the invention is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that vents engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removal device and filters out particulates contained in the exhaust gas through a filter, and sucks outside air as a filter regeneration means. In addition, it is equipped with an external air suction means for regeneration that flows through the filter, and a backwash means that backwashes the filter with compressed gas to remove the soot adhering to the filter. In addition, backwashing pressure switching means for switching to a higher pressure is provided.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the sixth or seventh aspect of the invention, by switching the backwash pressure at the time of filter regeneration to a higher pressure than at the time of dust removal, the backwash power at the time of filter regeneration is made higher than at the time of dust removal. Therefore, the filter can be regenerated by removing soot more reliably.
 An exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus for removing particulates contained in the exhaust gas by ventilating the exhaust gas of the engine through the filter of the dust removal device, wherein the oil mist adhering to the filter is used as a filter regeneration means. Regenerative heating means that only volatilizes the oil mist without burning the soot by heating the filter adhering material at a temperature at which the soot that volatilizes and adheres to the filter does not burn, and adhesive strength by volatilization of the oil mist Backwashing means for backwashing the filter with compressed gas to remove the soot that has lost the water is provided.
 The exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the ninth invention is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eighth invention, wherein the temperature at which the oil mist attached to the filter volatilizes and the soot attached to the filter does not burn is in the range of 320 to 400 ° C. It is characterized by.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eighth or ninth aspect of the present invention, the soot that is not easily burnt by the heating by the regenerative heating means, but only the oil mist is volatilized, and the oil mist is volatilized and easily separated. The filter is not damaged by the thermal shock caused by the burning of the filter deposit because the filter deposit can be removed without being burned, because the filter deposit can be removed by backwashing.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment device of the tenth invention is the exhaust gas treatment device of the eighth or ninth invention, wherein the regeneration heating means heats and regenerates the oil mist adhering to the filter at a temperature at which the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter does not burn. It is a heating regeneration gas supply means for flowing gas through a filter and heating the filter deposit with this heating regeneration gas.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the tenth aspect of the invention, the soot is not burned by the heated regeneration gas, but only the oil mist is volatilized, and the soot that is easily peeled off due to the oil mist volatilizing is removed by backwashing. Therefore, the filter is not damaged by the thermal shock accompanying the combustion of the filter deposit. Moreover, it is easy to heat the deposit on the entire filter by using the heated regeneration gas.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eleventh invention is characterized in that, in the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the tenth invention, the heating regeneration gas distribution means for uniformly distributing the heating regeneration gas to the entire filter is arranged on the upstream side of the filter. .
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the heating regeneration gas distribution means adds heat. Since the heat regeneration gas is uniformly distributed throughout the filter, the entire filter can be heated and regenerated uniformly.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the twelfth invention is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eleventh invention, wherein the exhaust gas aeration direction of the filter is upflow, and the heating regeneration gas distribution means has a plurality of branch portions branched in a fork shape. There is a gap between the branch portions, and the heating regeneration gas component formed so that the amount of the heating regeneration gas ejected from each ejection hole becomes larger as the ejection hole of each branch portion becomes more downstream. This heating regeneration gas distribution pipe is arranged below the filter.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the heated regeneration gas is uniformly distributed to the entire filter by the heated regeneration gas distribution pipe, so that the entire filter can be uniformly heated and regenerated, and by backwashing. Since the dropped soot falls down from the gap between the branch portions, it does not accumulate on each branch portion.
 Moreover, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the thirteenth invention is the eighth. , 9th , 10th , The exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eleventh or twelfth invention is characterized by comprising filter outer peripheral surface heating means for heating the outer peripheral surface of the filter to prevent heat radiation from the outer peripheral surface.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, since the outer peripheral surface of the filter is heated to prevent heat dissipation from the outer peripheral surface, the temperature decrease of the outer peripheral portion of the filter can be prevented. The whole can be heated and regenerated uniformly.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fourteenth invention is the tenth invention. , In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eleventh or twelfth invention, the oil mist adhering to the filter is volatilized and the soot adhering to the filter by mixing the incombustible gas into the heated regeneration gas and reducing the oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas. Is characterized by increasing the temperature at which it does not burn.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fifteenth aspect of the invention is the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fourteenth aspect of the invention, wherein the oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas is 5% or less by volume, and the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adheres to the filter. Is characterized in that the temperature at which it does not burn is 400-600 ° C.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fourteenth or fifteenth invention, the oxygen concentration of the heat regeneration gas is reduced to the heat regeneration temperature (the temperature at which oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter does not burn). ) Is increased, the oil mist can be completely volatilized even when oil mist having a high boiling point is present in the adhering matter of the filter, and soot can be removed by backwashing.
 Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the sixteenth invention is the tenth invention. , 11th , 12th , In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the fourteenth or fifteenth aspect, the heating regeneration gas supply means sucks and heats the gas from the downstream side of the filter, returns the heating regeneration gas to the upstream side of the filter, and flows it to the filter. It is a gas circulation means.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the sixteenth aspect of the invention, since the heated regeneration gas is circulated, it is only necessary to heat the heated regeneration gas by the amount of heat that is dissipated during circulation. The capacity of the heating means such as can be reduced.
 According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an exhaust gas treatment apparatus for exhausting engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removing device and filtering out particulates contained in the exhaust gas by using a filter to remove outside air as filter regeneration means. Then, by flowing through the filter without heating, the regeneration outside air suction means for volatilizing the oil mist adhering to the filter, and the soot adhering to the filter whose adhesive force is reduced by volatilization of the oil mist. And a backwashing means for backwashing the filter with a compressed gas and removing it.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, since the sucked outside air is directly flowed through the filter and the oil mist is volatilized, installation of a heater for generating the heating regeneration gas and heating power are not required. Therefore, the configuration is simple and inexpensive.
 The exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eighteenth aspect of the invention is the eighth. , 9th , 10th , 11th , 12th , 13th , 14th , 15th , In the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the sixteenth or seventeenth invention, at the time of filter regeneration, the backwashing interval by the backwashing means is shortened or the backwashing pulse injection time is lengthened as compared with the dust removal treatment. It is characterized by comprising.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, the filter can be compared with the dust removal process by reducing the backwashing interval by the backwashing means or increasing the backwash pulse injection time compared with the dust removal process during the filter regeneration. Since the backwashing power at the time of regeneration can be increased, the filter can be regenerated by removing soot more reliably.
 Moreover, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the nineteenth invention is the eighth , 9th , 10th , 11th , 12th , 13th , 14th , 15th , 16th , The exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the seventeenth or eighteenth invention is characterized by comprising backwash pressure switching means for switching the backwash pressure to a higher pressure during filter regeneration than during dust removal.
 Therefore, according to the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the nineteenth aspect of the invention, by switching the backwashing pressure at the time of filter regeneration to a higher pressure than at the time of dust removal, the backwashing power at the time of filter regeneration can be made higher than at the time of dust removal treatment. Therefore, the filter can be regenerated by removing soot more reliably.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a change in filter differential pressure during a 300 ° C. continuous dust collection (dust removal) process.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in filter differential pressure during 350 ° C. continuous dust collection (dust removal) processing.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change in filter differential pressure during continuous heating regeneration dust collection (dust removal) processing.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the temperature transition in the filter during continuous heating regeneration dust collection (dust removal) processing.
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
7A is a perspective view showing the configuration of a ceramic filter and a heated regeneration gas distribution pipe when the ventilation direction of the ceramic filter is upflow, and FIG. 7B is a top view of the heated regeneration gas distribution pipe.
FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Diesel engine
2 Generator
3 turbochargers
3a turbine
4 Exhaust gas boiler
5 Pump
6 Generator
7 Steam turbine
8 Exhaust gas line
11 Dust removal device
11a container
11b Exhaust gas inlet
11c Exhaust gas outlet
11A-11D Dust remover
12 Air tank for backwashing
12A, 12B Backwash air tank
13 Heating air supply device for regeneration
14 Blower
15 Chimney
16A-16D damper
17A-17D damper
18 Ceramic filter
18a Filter case
18b Filter section
18A-18D Ceramic filter
19A-19D valve
20A-20D damper
21 Heating device
22 Control device
31A-31D Rectifier
31A-1 to 31D-1 Ventilation holes
71 Heating regeneration gas distribution pipe
71a Bifurcation
71b jet hole
81A-81B Electric heater
91 Nitrogen PSA
101 Hot air generator / circulator
102 Blower
103 Air heater for regeneration
104A-104D damper
105A-105D damper
111 Regenerative Outside Air Suction Device
112A-112D damper
121A-121D Valve
122A-122D Valve

Claims

In the exhaust gas treatment device for removing fine particles contained in the exhaust gas by venting the exhaust gas of the engine to the filter of the dust removal device,
As filter regeneration means, oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter heats the filter adhering material at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, and the filter is backwashed with compressed gas and adhered to the filter. Provided with a backwashing means for removing soot ;
The regenerative heating means is a heated regenerative gas supply means for flowing a heated regenerated gas at a temperature at which oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and does not burn soot adhering to the filter, and heats the filter adhering material by this heating regenerative soot. There is,
A heating regeneration gas distribution means for uniformly distributing the heating regeneration gas over the entire filter is disposed upstream of the filter;
The exhaust gas ventilation direction of the filter is upflow,
The regenerative heating gas distribution means has a plurality of branch portions branched in a fork shape and has gaps between the branch portions, and the ejection holes of each branch portion become larger toward the downstream side and are ejected from the ejection holes. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus, characterized in that the heated regeneration gas distribution pipe is formed so that the amount of the heated regeneration gas to be equalized, and the heating regeneration gas distribution pipe is disposed below the filter .

In the exhaust gas treatment device for removing fine particles contained in the exhaust gas by venting the exhaust gas of the engine to the filter of the dust removal device,
As filter regeneration means, oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter heats the filter adhering material at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, and the filter is backwashed with compressed gas and adhered to the filter. Provided with a backwashing means for removing soot;
The regeneration heating means is a heating regeneration gas supply means for flowing a heated regeneration gas at a temperature at which oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and does not burn soot adhering to the filter, and heats the filter adhering material with the heated regeneration gas. There is,
The temperature of the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and the soot adhering to the filter does not burn is increased by mixing the non-combustible gas into the heated regeneration gas to reduce the oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas. Exhaust gas treatment equipment.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 2,
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus characterized in that the oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas is 5% or less by volume, and the temperature at which oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot that does not burn is adhering to the filter is 400 to 600 ° C.

In the exhaust gas treatment device for removing fine particles contained in the exhaust gas by venting the exhaust gas of the engine to the filter of the dust removal device,
As filter regeneration means, oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter heats the filter adhering material at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, and the filter is backwashed with compressed gas and adhered to the filter. Provided with a backwashing means for removing soot;
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus characterized in that the backwashing interval by the backwashing means is shortened or the backwashing pulse injection time is lengthened at the time of filter regeneration compared to the dust removal treatment.

In an exhaust gas treatment device that vents engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removal device and removes particulates contained in the exhaust gas by filtering,
As a filter regeneration means, it was provided with a regeneration outside air suction means for sucking outside air and flowing it to the filter, and a backwash means for backwashing the filter with compressed gas to remove the soot adhering to the filter,
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus characterized in that the backwashing interval by the backwashing means is shortened or the backwashing pulse injection time is lengthened at the time of filter regeneration compared to the dust removal treatment.

In the exhaust gas treatment device for removing fine particles contained in the exhaust gas by venting the exhaust gas of the engine to the filter of the dust removal device,
As filter regeneration means, oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter heats the filter adhering material at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, and the filter is backwashed with compressed gas and adhered to the filter. Provided with a backwashing means for removing soot;
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus comprising backwash pressure switching means for switching the backwash pressure to a higher pressure than during dust removal during filter regeneration .

In an exhaust gas treatment device that vents engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removal device and removes particulates contained in the exhaust gas through a filter,
As a filter regeneration means, it was provided with a regeneration outside air suction means for sucking outside air and flowing it to the filter, and a backwash means for backwashing the filter with compressed gas to remove soot adhering to the filter,
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus comprising backwash pressure switching means for switching the backwash pressure to a higher pressure than during dust removal during filter regeneration .

In the exhaust gas treatment device for removing fine particles contained in the exhaust gas by venting the exhaust gas of the engine to the filter of the dust removal device,
As filter regeneration means, oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot adhering to the filter is heated at a temperature at which the soot does not burn, so that only the oil mist is volatilized without burning the soot. and heating means, the soot that has lost adhesion by volatilization of the oil mist, the air pollution control apparatus is characterized in that a backwashing means for dropping had paid to backwash the filter by the compressed gas.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 8,
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus characterized in that the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and the temperature at which the soot adhering to the filter does not burn is in the range of 320 to 400 ° C.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 8 or 9,
The regeneration heating means is a heating regeneration gas supply means for flowing a heated regeneration gas at a temperature at which oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and does not burn soot adhering to the filter, and heats the filter adhering material with the heated regeneration gas. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus characterized by being.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 10,
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus characterized in that heating regeneration gas distribution means for uniformly distributing heated regeneration gas to the entire filter is disposed on the upstream side of the filter.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 11,
The exhaust gas ventilation direction of the filter is upflow,
The regenerative heating gas distribution means has a plurality of branch portions branched in a fork shape and has gaps between the branch portions, and the ejection holes of each branch portion become larger toward the downstream side and are ejected from the ejection holes. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus, characterized in that the heated regeneration gas distribution pipe is formed so that the amount of the heated regeneration gas to be equalized, and the heating regeneration gas distribution pipe is disposed below the filter.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12,
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus comprising a filter outer peripheral surface heating means for heating the outer peripheral surface of the filter to prevent heat radiation from the outer peripheral surface.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 10, 11 or 12,
The temperature of the oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and the soot adhering to the filter does not burn is increased by mixing the non-combustible gas into the heated regeneration gas to reduce the oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas. Exhaust gas treatment equipment.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 14,
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus characterized in that the oxygen concentration of the heated regeneration gas is 5% or less by volume, and the temperature at which oil mist adhering to the filter volatilizes and soot that does not burn is adhering to the filter is 400 to 600 ° C.

The exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 10, 11, 12, 14 or 15,
The heated regeneration gas supply means is a heated regeneration gas circulation means that sucks and heats gas from the downstream side of the filter and returns the heated regeneration gas to the upstream side of the filter and flows to the filter. .

In an exhaust gas treatment device that vents engine exhaust gas through a filter of a dust removal device and removes particulates contained in the exhaust gas through a filter,
As the filter regeneration means, the outside air suction means for volatilizing the oil mist adhering to the filter by sucking outside air and flowing it through the filter without heating, and the adhesive force is reduced by the volatilization of the oil mist. soot adhering to the filter, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus is characterized in that a backwashing means for dropping had paid to backwash the filter by the compressed gas.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17,
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus characterized in that the backwashing interval by the backwashing means is shortened or the backwashing pulse injection time is lengthened at the time of filter regeneration compared to the dust removal treatment.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to claim 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18.
An exhaust gas treatment apparatus comprising backwash pressure switching means for switching the backwash pressure to a higher pressure than that during dust removal during filter regeneration.