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JP3651962B2 - Batteries with explosion-proof safety function - Google Patents

Batteries with explosion-proof safety function Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3651962B2
JP3651962B2 JP14294095A JP14294095A JP3651962B2 JP 3651962 B2 JP3651962 B2 JP 3651962B2 JP 14294095 A JP14294095 A JP 14294095A JP 14294095 A JP14294095 A JP 14294095A JP 3651962 B2 JP3651962 B2 JP 3651962B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
plate
terminal plate
battery
intermediate pressure
battery case
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JP14294095A
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JPH08339792A (en
Inventor
琢司 小川
正広 玉井
吉郎 原田
浩平 山本
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FDK Corp
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FDK Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は、防爆安全機能を有する電池に関し、特に、リチウムイオン二次電池などの大きい電池電圧を有する電池を対象とした技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電池の防爆安全機能としては▲1▼内圧解放機能、▲2▼感圧遮断機能、▲3▼感温遮断機能がある。内圧解放機能は、電池ケース内の圧力が異常に上昇した時に電池内のガスを安全に外部に放出して爆発を防ぐものであり、感圧遮断機能は、電池ケース内の圧力が異常に上昇した時に充電電流または放電電流を電池内部で遮断し、異常充電または異常放電が継続するのを防ぐものであり、感温遮断機能は、電池内部の温度が異常に上昇したのに感応し、電池の内部抵抗を急上昇させて充電電流または放電電流を絞り、異常充電または異常放電が継続するのを防ぐものである。
【0003】
高エネルギー密度のリチウムイオン二次電池の多くは、内圧解放機能を備えているとともに感圧遮断機能を有しており、短絡や過充電などの異常な状態になったとき、感圧遮断機能が働いて充電または放電を停止させるとともに内圧解放機能が働くように設計されている。
【0004】
感圧遮断機能と内圧解放機能を備えた電池の代表的な構造が特開平6−140011号公報に示されている。この電池は、図4に示すように、有底円筒形の金属製電池ケース20と、この電池ケース20に収納された発電要素21と、電池ケース20の開口部を塞ぐ蓋要素とから基本的に構成されるが、感圧遮断機能と内圧解放機能は蓋要素に備えられている。蓋要素は、ガス抜き穴22aのある外部端子板22と、破断しやすい可撓性の薄い金属板からなる中間感圧板23と、内側ガスケット24と、ガス抜き穴25aのあるかしめ板25と呼ぶ金属板を備えている。
【0005】
中間感圧板23とかしめ板25とは中間感圧板23の中央部分に形成された下方へ突出する突部23aで両者が溶接されて接続しており、この接続部分でのみ両者が導通している。電池の内圧が異常に上昇すると、中間感圧板23が上方に膨らむように変形するため、中間感圧板23の突部23aとかしめ板25との溶接が剥離して外部端子板22につながる電池内導電経路が遮断される。これが感圧遮断機能である。
【0006】
また、電池内圧がさらに上昇すると、中間感圧板23が破断し、外部端子板22のガス抜き穴22aからガスが安全に放出される。これが内圧解放機能である。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前述したような図4に示す防爆機能を有する電池にあっては、かしめ板25の材料として、かしめ強度や組立性、製造費用等の面からは鉄やステンレスなどが好適である。
【0008】
しかしながら、例えばリチウムイオン二次電池の場合には、その電池電圧が3.6Vと比較的大きいとともにかしめ板25はリードタブ26に接続されて正の電位を有している。このため、鉄やステンレスなどを用いると腐食が発生してしまい採用できない。
【0009】
そこで、正の高電位でも腐食しにくい金や白金等の貴金属を用いることが考えられるが高価であるため採用できない。また、これら貴金属の他にチタンやアルミニウムを用いることが挙げられるが、チタンは比較的硬質なためかしめにくいとともに高価であり組立性や製造費用の面で問題がある。一方、アルミニウムは比較的軟質なため必要な強度でかしめようとすると傷がついたり誤って変形したりするので十分なかしめ強度が得られない。このため、密封性が低下して漏液してしまう可能性がある。
【0010】
この発明は以上のような従来の問題点に鑑み、封口部材の材料ではなく封口部の構成に着目することによりなされたものであり、その目的は、高価な材料を用いることなく対腐食性と十分なかしめ強度が得られて封口性及び組立性の向上が図れる防爆安全機能を有する電池を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するため本発明では、有底筒形の金属製電池ケースと、この電池ケースに収納された発電要素と、この発電要素の一方の電極に接続されたリードタブと、前記リードタブと電気的に接続されるとともに絶縁性の外側ガスケットを介して前記電池ケースの開口部に装着されて前記開口部を塞ぐ蓋要素とからなる電池において、前記蓋要素は、それぞれガス抜き穴が形成されて剛性の比較的大きな金属製の外部端子板および内部端子板と、破断しやすい可撓性の金属板からなる中間感圧板と、絶縁性の内側ガスケットと、外周端部が断面L字形の絶縁性の保持リングと、かしめリングとを有し、前記内部端子板は前記保持リングの内周に嵌入され、前記内部端子板の上面には前記内側ガスケットが載置され、前記内側ガスケットは下端において内方に延出する鍔部を有し、前記鍔部の上方に前記中間感圧板と前記外部端子板とが順次積層されて前記内側ガスケットの内周に前記中間感圧板と前記外部端子板とが挟み込まれ、前記中間感圧板と前記内部端子板とは前記中間感圧板の中央部分に形成された下方へ突出する突部で両者が接続してこの接続部分でのみ両者が導通しており、これら保持リング、内部端子板、内側ガスケット、中間感圧板、および外部端子板の積層物が前記かしめリングの内周に嵌入されてかしめ付けられることで一体的な前記蓋要素が構成され、前記電池ケースの開口部分の内周に装着された前記外側ガスケットの内周に一体的な前記蓋要素が嵌入され、前記電池ケースの開口部分が内側にかしめられ前記外側ガスケットが圧縮されて前記電池ケースが密封されてなり、前記電池ケースの内部が所定の内圧に達することにより上方に膨出した前記中間感圧板によって前記中間感圧板の前記突部が前記内部端子板から離間することにより前記リードタブと前記外部端子板との電池内導電経路が遮断されるようにしてなるのである。
【0012】
好ましくは、前記中間感圧板と前記外部端子板との間に、中央部分が切り欠かれた正温度係数感温素子が挟み込まれ、この正温度係数感温素子を介して前記中間感圧板と前記外部端子板とが電気的に接続されてなるのである。
【0013】
【作用】
電池ケース内の圧力は前記内部端子板の前記ガス抜き穴を通じて前記中間感圧板に作用する。内圧が異常に上昇すると、前記中間感圧板が上方へ膨らむように変形し、前記中間感圧板の前記突部と前記内部端子板との接続点が離間することにより、前記リードタブと前記外部端子板との電池内導電経路が遮断される(感圧遮断機能)。そして、中間感圧板がさらに大きく変形するとついには破断し、電池ケース内のガスが安全に外部に放出される(内圧解放機能)。
【0014】
また、本発明の電池では、前記かしめリングに接触する部材としては、前記保持リング、前記内側ガスケット、および前記外側ガスケットのみであるが、これらはすべて絶縁性のものである。したがって、前記かしめリングは前記発電要素や前記外部端子と電気的に絶縁状態にある。このため、前記かしめリングの電気的な原因による腐食の発生を確実に防止することができる。
【0015】
さらに、前記かしめリングの内周部は前記保持リングと前記内側ガスケットとの二つの部材の外周部が接した状態となっている。したがって、万一、電池内部の電解液や外部からの液体が前記かしめリングの内周部を伝わってきたり電池内圧が異常に上昇しても、これら二つの部材の接続部分によって伝わってきた液体やガスを阻止することができる。
【0016】
さらにまた、保持リング、内部端子板、内側ガスケット、中間感圧板、および外部端子板の積層物が前記かしめリングの内部に嵌入されて前記蓋要素として一体的化された構成となっている。したがって、予め前記蓋要素を組み立てておき、電池の組立時には、この蓋要素を前記電池ケースの開口部分に前記外側ガスケットを介して装着するだけでよい。
【0017】
尚、前記正温度係数感温素子を付加したものでは、電池の温度が異常に上昇すると、前記リードタブと前記外部端子との電池内導電経路中に挿入された前記正温度係数感温素子の抵抗値が増大し、充電または放電時の電流を絞り込む。
【0018】
【実施例】
本願発明の好適な一実施例による感温遮断機能を含む防爆安全機能を備えた電池の要部構造を図1に示す。この電池の基本構成は、有底円筒形の金属製電池ケース1と、この電池ケース1の開口部の内周に装着されたポリプロピレン製外側ガスケット4と、電池ケース1に収納された発電要素2と、この発電要素2の正極に接続されたアルミニウム製リードタブ3と、このリードタブ3と電気的に接続された蓋要素とからなる。そして、外側ガスケット4の内周に蓋要素が装着されて電池ケース1の開口部を密封している。
【0019】
この蓋要素は、外部端子板5、アルミニウム製内部端子板6、可撓性のアルミニウム製中間感圧板7と、ポリプロピレン製内側ガスケット8、絶縁性の保持リング9と、ステンレス製かしめリング10、およびリング状正温度係数感温素子、即ちPTC(Positive Temperature Coeffcient )素子11を有している。
【0020】
外部端子板5および内部端子板6にはそれぞれガス抜き穴5a、6aが形成され、中間感圧板7は中央部分に下方へ突出する突部7aと薄肉部7bとが形成されている。内側ガスケット8は下端において内方に延出する鍔部8aを有し、保持リング9は外周端部9aが断面L字形に形成されている。
【0021】
上記蓋要素の組立手順を図2(a)、(b)を参照にして説明する。先ず、図2(a)に示すように、かしめリング10の内周に保持リング9を嵌入した後、保持リング9の内周に内部端子板6を嵌入する。そして、内部端子板6の上面に内側ガスケット8を載置した後、内側ガスケット8の鍔部8aの上面に中間感圧板7を載置する。次に、中間感圧板7の突部7aと内部端子板6とを図中矢印で示すように超音波溶接する。そして、内側ガスケット8の内周にPTC素子11、外部端子板5を順次嵌入して積層した後、かしめリング10の上端部を内側にカールすることにより、図2(b)に示すように、内側ガスケット8の内周に中間感圧板7、PTC素子11、および外部端子板5とを挟み込み、一体的な蓋要素とする。
【0022】
上記蓋要素を構成する内部端子板6の下面中央部に対して発電要素2から引き出されたリードタブ3の一端をスポット溶接する。そして、外側ガスケット4の内周に前記蓋要素を嵌入した後、電池ケース1の開口部分を内側にカールしてかしめ付け、外側ガスケット4を圧縮して電池ケース1を密封する。
【0023】
以上の構成において、中間感圧板7と内部端子板6とは中間感圧板7の突部7aで両者が接続してこの接続部分でのみ両者が導通し、中間感圧板7と外部端子板5とはPTC素子11を介して電気的に接続されている。
【0024】
前述したような構成の電池の使用にあたり、過放電、過充電等により内部にガスが発生すると、電池ケース1内のガス圧力は内部端子板6のガス抜き穴6aを通じて中間感圧板7に作用する。電池内圧が異常に上昇すると、図3(a)に示すように、中間感圧板7が上方へ膨らむように変形し、突部7aと内部端子板6との溶接点が剥がれ両者が離間した状態となる。このことにより、外部端子板5につながる電池内導電経路が遮断される(感圧遮断機能)。
【0025】
電池の温度が異常に上昇すると、外部端子板5につながる電池内導電経路中に挿入されているPTC素子11の抵抗値が増大し、充電または放電電流を絞り込む(感温遮断機能)。感圧、及び感温遮断機能は、その時の電池の状態によって、働く順序が変わるが、いずれの機能が先に働いても電池の安全は確保される。
【0026】
また、中間感圧板7がさらに大きく変形するとついにはその薄肉部7bが破断し、電池ケース1内のガスが安全に外部に放出される(内圧解放機能)。
【0027】
なお、PTC素子11を廃止して、中間感圧板7の上に直接、外部端子板5を重ねる構成にすれば、感温遮断機能の無いタイプの防爆安全機能となる。
【0028】
電池が異常に温度上昇する場合は内圧も異常に上昇するため、感温遮断機能の無いタイプであっても十分に安全は確保される。
【0029】
かしめリング10に接触する部材としては、保持リング9、内側ガスケット8、および外側ガスケット4のみであるが、これらはすべて絶縁性のものである。したがって、かしめリング10は発電要素2や外部端子5と電気的に絶縁状態にある。このため、かしめリング10の電気的な原因による腐食の発生を確実に防止することができる。
【0030】
このため、かしめリング10の材料選択の自由度が大きくなり本実施例のようにステンレスを用いることができる。このため、金や白金などの高価な貴金属や十分なかしめ力を得られないアルミニウム等を用いなくて済む。
【0031】
そして、かしめリング10にステンレスを用いることで、蓋要素に十分な強度を持たせることができる。したがって、組立工程における電池ケース1のカール時に水平方向のストレスが加わっても、十分に耐えうることができる。したがって、このストレスによって中間感圧板7の突部7aと内部端子板6との溶接部分に有害なストレスを与えることがなく、感圧遮断機能の信頼性を向上させることができる。
【0032】
さらに、かしめリング10の内周部は保持リング9と内側ガスケット8との二つの部材の外周部が接した状態となっている。したがって、万一、電池内部の電解液や外部からの液体がかしめリング10の内周部を伝わってきたり電池内圧が異常に上昇しても、これら二つの部材8、9の接続部分によって、伝わってきた液体やガスを阻止することができる。
【0033】
このため、各部材の間を伝わってガスが漏れることを防止し、電池内圧が中間感圧板7に安定して確実に作用するため中間感圧板7の突部7aと内部端子板6との溶接の剥離が電池内圧の上昇に対して高精度に行われ、感圧遮断精度が極めて向上する。
【0034】
さらにまた、保持リング9、内部端子板6、内側ガスケット8、中間感圧板7、および外部端子板5の積層物がかしめリング10の内部に嵌入されて蓋要素として一体的化された構成となっている。したがって、予め蓋要素を組み立てておき、電池の組立時には、この蓋要素を電池ケース1の開口部分に外側ガスケット4を介して装着するだけでよいため組立性が向上する。
【0035】
ここで、本実施例による電池の漏液特性を確認するため、本実施例および従来例の遮断作動圧を測定した。具体的には、本実施例と従来例とでそれぞれ50個の電池を用意し、60℃の雰囲気下で1ヶ月、3ヶ月、および6ヶ月の保存日数を経たものについて、漏液発生の個数を調べた。
【0036】
【表1】

Figure 0003651962
その結果、表1に示すように、従来のものは保存3ヶ月で1個、保存6ヶ月で5個の電池が漏液したのに対し、本実施例では6ヶ月経過しても漏液したものはなかった。したがって、本実施例の電池にあっては、対漏液性、即ち封口性に極めて優れており、電池内部の電解液が外部へ漏洩したりすることを確実に防止できることが確認された。
【0037】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細に説明したように、本発明の防爆安全機能を有する電池にあっては、前記かしめリングの材料の選定にあたって、電気的な原因による腐食を気にする必要がなくなり設計自由度が向上する。したがって、かしめリングに金や白金などの貴金属を用いる必要もなく高価格化を防げる。
【0038】
さらに、前記かしめリングの材料として鉄やステンレスを使用しても電気的な原因による腐食の心配がないため十分なかしめ強度を得ることができ、封口性が向上して防爆機能の作動性を向上できるとともに対漏液性を向上できる。
【0039】
したがって、電池内部の電解液やガスが外部へ漏洩したり、外部の液体が内部へ浸入することを確実に防止でき、対漏液性および感圧遮断精度が極めて向上し、以て安全性が向上する。
【0040】
さらに、前記外側ガスケットの内周に一体的な前記蓋要素が嵌入された構成であるため組立性が向上し、以て量産性を極めて向上させることができる。
【0041】
さらにまた、前記中間感圧板と前記外部端子板との間に前記正温度係数感温素子が挟み込まれた構成とした場合には、防爆安全機能を向上させるだけでなく、万一、電池内部の電解液や外部からの液体が前記内側ガスケットの内周部を伝わってきても、前記中間感圧板、前記外部端子板、および/または前記正温度係数感温素子との接続部分により、伝わってきた液体を阻止することができる。
【0042】
したがって、電池内部の電解液が外部へ漏洩したり、外部の液体が内部へ浸入することをより確実に防止でき、より極めて封口性が向上する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例による防爆安全機能を有する電池の要部断面図である。
【図2】図1の電池の蓋要素の組立手順を示す要部断面図であり、(a)はかしめリング10をカールする前の状態を示し、(b)は蓋要素が完成した状態を示す。
【図3】図1の電池において防爆機能が働いた様子を示した要部断面図であり、(a)は感圧遮断機能が働いた状態を示し、(b)は内圧解放機能が働いた様子を示す。
【図4】従来の防爆安全機能を有する電池の要部断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 電池ケース 2 発電要素
3 リードタブ 4 外側ガスケット
5 外部端子板 5a ガス抜き穴
6 内部端子板 6a ガス抜き穴
7 中間感圧板 7a 突部
7b 薄肉部 8 内側ガスケット
8a 鍔部 9 保持リング
9a 外周端部 10 かしめリング
11 PTC素子(正温度係数感温素子)[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a battery having an explosion-proof safety function, and more particularly, to a technique for a battery having a large battery voltage such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Battery explosion-proof safety functions include (1) internal pressure release function, (2) pressure-sensitive cutoff function, and (3) temperature-sensitive cutoff function. The internal pressure release function prevents the explosion by safely releasing the gas in the battery to the outside when the pressure in the battery case abnormally rises, and the pressure sensitive shut-off function abnormally increases the pressure in the battery case The charging current or discharging current is cut off inside the battery to prevent the abnormal charging or discharging from continuing, and the temperature-sensitive cutting function responds to the abnormal rise in the temperature inside the battery. The internal resistance of the battery is rapidly increased to restrict the charging current or discharging current, thereby preventing the abnormal charging or abnormal discharging from continuing.
[0003]
Many high-energy density lithium-ion secondary batteries have an internal pressure release function and a pressure-sensitive cutoff function. When an abnormal state such as a short circuit or overcharge occurs, the pressure-sensitive cutoff function is It is designed to stop charging or discharging and to work the internal pressure release function.
[0004]
A typical structure of a battery having a pressure-sensitive cutoff function and an internal pressure release function is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-140011. As shown in FIG. 4, this battery basically includes a bottomed cylindrical metal battery case 20, a power generation element 21 housed in the battery case 20, and a lid element that closes the opening of the battery case 20. However, the pressure-sensitive blocking function and the internal pressure releasing function are provided in the lid element. The lid elements are referred to as an external terminal plate 22 having a gas vent hole 22a, an intermediate pressure sensitive plate 23 made of a flexible thin metal plate that is easily broken, an inner gasket 24, and a caulking plate 25 having a gas vent hole 25a. It has a metal plate.
[0005]
The intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 23 and the caulking plate 25 are connected to each other by a downward projecting portion 23a formed at the central portion of the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 23, and both are electrically connected only at this connection portion. . When the internal pressure of the battery rises abnormally, the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 23 is deformed so as to swell upward, so that the welding between the protrusion 23a of the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 23 and the caulking plate 25 is peeled off and connected to the external terminal plate 22 The conductive path is interrupted. This is the pressure-sensitive cutoff function.
[0006]
Further, when the battery internal pressure further increases, the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 23 is broken, and the gas is safely released from the gas vent hole 22a of the external terminal plate 22. This is the internal pressure release function.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the battery having the explosion-proof function shown in FIG. 4 as described above, iron, stainless steel, or the like is preferable as the material of the caulking plate 25 from the viewpoint of caulking strength, assemblability, manufacturing cost, and the like.
[0008]
However, for example, in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery, the battery voltage is relatively high at 3.6 V, and the caulking plate 25 is connected to the lead tab 26 and has a positive potential. For this reason, if iron or stainless steel is used, corrosion occurs and it cannot be employed.
[0009]
Therefore, it is conceivable to use a noble metal such as gold or platinum which does not corrode even at a positive high potential, but it cannot be used because it is expensive. In addition to these noble metals, titanium and aluminum can be used. Titanium is relatively hard and difficult to caulk, and is expensive and has problems in terms of assemblability and manufacturing cost. On the other hand, since aluminum is relatively soft, if it is caulked with the required strength, it will be scratched or deformed by mistake, so that sufficient caulking strength cannot be obtained. For this reason, there exists a possibility that sealing performance may fall and it may leak.
[0010]
In view of the conventional problems as described above, the present invention has been made by paying attention to the structure of the sealing portion instead of the material of the sealing member, and the object thereof is to be anticorrosive without using an expensive material. An object of the present invention is to provide a battery having an explosion-proof safety function capable of obtaining sufficient caulking strength and improving sealing performance and assembling performance.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a bottomed cylindrical metal battery case, a power generation element housed in the battery case, a lead tab connected to one electrode of the power generation element, the lead tab, And a lid element that is attached to the opening of the battery case via an insulating outer gasket and closes the opening, and each of the lid elements has a vent hole formed therein. Rigid metal outer terminal plate and inner terminal plate, intermediate pressure-sensitive plate made of a flexible metal plate that is easy to break, an insulating inner gasket, and an insulating end with an L-shaped outer periphery The inner terminal plate is fitted into the inner periphery of the holding ring, the inner gasket is placed on the upper surface of the inner terminal plate, and the inner gasket is A flange portion extending inward at the end, and the intermediate pressure plate and the external terminal plate are sequentially stacked above the flange portion, and the intermediate pressure plate and the external terminal are disposed on an inner periphery of the inner gasket. The intermediate pressure plate and the internal terminal plate are connected to each other by a downward projecting protrusion formed in the central portion of the intermediate pressure plate, and both are electrically connected only at this connection portion. A laminate of these holding ring, internal terminal plate, inner gasket, intermediate pressure sensitive plate, and external terminal plate is inserted into the inner periphery of the caulking ring and caulked to form the integral lid element, The integrated lid element is fitted into the inner periphery of the outer gasket attached to the inner periphery of the opening portion of the battery case, the opening portion of the battery case is caulked inward, and the outer gasket is compressed to compress the battery. Ke The lead tab is formed by the protrusion of the intermediate pressure plate being separated from the internal terminal plate by the intermediate pressure plate bulging upward when the inside of the battery case reaches a predetermined internal pressure. In other words, the in-battery conductive path between the external terminal plate and the external terminal plate is blocked.
[0012]
Preferably, a positive temperature coefficient thermosensitive element having a central portion cut out is interposed between the intermediate pressure sensitive plate and the external terminal plate, and the intermediate pressure sensitive plate and the intermediate pressure sensitive element are interposed via the positive temperature coefficient thermosensitive element. The external terminal board is electrically connected.
[0013]
[Action]
The pressure in the battery case acts on the intermediate pressure sensitive plate through the vent hole of the internal terminal plate. When the internal pressure rises abnormally, the intermediate pressure plate is deformed so as to swell upward, and the connection point between the protrusion of the intermediate pressure plate and the internal terminal plate is separated, whereby the lead tab and the external terminal plate Is blocked (pressure-sensitive cutoff function). When the intermediate pressure sensitive plate is further deformed, it is finally broken and the gas in the battery case is safely released to the outside (internal pressure releasing function).
[0014]
In the battery of the present invention, the members that contact the caulking ring are only the holding ring, the inner gasket, and the outer gasket, but these are all insulative. Therefore, the caulking ring is electrically insulated from the power generation element and the external terminal. For this reason, generation | occurrence | production of the corrosion by the electrical cause of the said crimping ring can be prevented reliably.
[0015]
Furthermore, the outer peripheral part of the two members, the holding ring and the inner gasket, is in contact with the inner peripheral part of the caulking ring. Therefore, even if the electrolyte inside the battery or the liquid from the outside is transmitted through the inner periphery of the caulking ring or the battery internal pressure rises abnormally, the liquid transmitted through the connection part of these two members Gas can be blocked.
[0016]
Furthermore, a laminate of a holding ring, an internal terminal plate, an inner gasket, an intermediate pressure sensitive plate, and an external terminal plate is inserted into the caulking ring and integrated as the lid element. Therefore, it is only necessary to assemble the lid element in advance and attach the lid element to the opening of the battery case via the outer gasket when assembling the battery.
[0017]
In the case where the positive temperature coefficient temperature sensing element is added, if the battery temperature rises abnormally, the resistance of the positive temperature coefficient temperature sensing element inserted in the conductive path in the battery between the lead tab and the external terminal. The value increases and narrows the current during charging or discharging.
[0018]
【Example】
FIG. 1 shows a main structure of a battery having an explosion-proof safety function including a temperature-sensitive cutoff function according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The basic configuration of this battery is that a bottomed cylindrical metal battery case 1, a polypropylene outer gasket 4 mounted on the inner periphery of the opening of the battery case 1, and a power generation element 2 housed in the battery case 1. And an aluminum lead tab 3 connected to the positive electrode of the power generation element 2 and a lid element electrically connected to the lead tab 3. A lid element is attached to the inner periphery of the outer gasket 4 to seal the opening of the battery case 1.
[0019]
This lid element comprises an external terminal plate 5, an aluminum internal terminal plate 6, a flexible aluminum intermediate pressure sensitive plate 7, a polypropylene inner gasket 8, an insulating retaining ring 9, a stainless caulking ring 10, and A ring-shaped positive temperature coefficient thermosensitive element, that is, a PTC (Positive Temperature Coeffcient) element 11 is included.
[0020]
Gas vent holes 5a and 6a are formed in the external terminal plate 5 and the internal terminal plate 6, respectively, and the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 7 is formed with a protruding portion 7a and a thin portion 7b projecting downward in the central portion. The inner gasket 8 has a flange portion 8a extending inward at the lower end, and the retaining ring 9 has an outer peripheral end portion 9a having an L-shaped cross section.
[0021]
The procedure for assembling the lid element will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b). First, as shown in FIG. 2A, the holding ring 9 is inserted into the inner periphery of the caulking ring 10, and then the internal terminal plate 6 is inserted into the inner periphery of the holding ring 9. Then, after placing the inner gasket 8 on the upper surface of the inner terminal plate 6, the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 7 is placed on the upper surface of the flange 8 a of the inner gasket 8. Next, the protrusion 7a of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 7 and the internal terminal plate 6 are ultrasonically welded as indicated by arrows in the figure. Then, after sequentially inserting and laminating the PTC element 11 and the external terminal plate 5 on the inner periphery of the inner gasket 8, by curling the upper end of the caulking ring 10 inward, as shown in FIG. The intermediate pressure sensitive plate 7, the PTC element 11, and the external terminal plate 5 are sandwiched between the inner periphery of the inner gasket 8 to form an integral lid element.
[0022]
One end of the lead tab 3 drawn out from the power generation element 2 is spot-welded to the central portion of the lower surface of the internal terminal plate 6 constituting the lid element. Then, after the lid element is inserted into the inner periphery of the outer gasket 4, the opening portion of the battery case 1 is curled and crimped inside, and the outer gasket 4 is compressed to seal the battery case 1.
[0023]
In the above configuration, the intermediate pressure plate 7 and the internal terminal plate 6 are connected to each other by the protrusion 7a of the intermediate pressure plate 7 and are electrically connected only at this connection portion. Are electrically connected via the PTC element 11.
[0024]
When the battery having the above-described configuration is used, if gas is generated inside due to overdischarge, overcharge, or the like, the gas pressure in the battery case 1 acts on the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 7 through the vent hole 6a of the internal terminal plate 6. . When the battery internal pressure rises abnormally, as shown in FIG. 3A, the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 7 is deformed so as to swell upward, and the welding point between the projecting portion 7a and the internal terminal plate 6 is peeled off and the two are separated from each other. It becomes. As a result, the in-battery conductive path connected to the external terminal plate 5 is blocked (pressure-sensitive blocking function).
[0025]
When the temperature of the battery rises abnormally, the resistance value of the PTC element 11 inserted in the in-battery conductive path connected to the external terminal board 5 increases, and the charge or discharge current is narrowed (temperature-sensitive cutoff function). The order of operation of the pressure-sensitive and temperature-sensitive cutoff functions varies depending on the state of the battery at that time, but the safety of the battery is ensured regardless of which function works first.
[0026]
Further, when the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 7 is further deformed, the thin portion 7b is finally broken, and the gas in the battery case 1 is safely released to the outside (internal pressure releasing function).
[0027]
If the PTC element 11 is eliminated and the external terminal plate 5 is directly stacked on the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 7, an explosion-proof safety function without a temperature-sensitive cutoff function is obtained.
[0028]
When the battery temperature rises abnormally, the internal pressure also rises abnormally, so that safety is sufficiently ensured even for a type without a temperature-sensitive cutoff function.
[0029]
The only members that contact the caulking ring 10 are the retaining ring 9, the inner gasket 8, and the outer gasket 4, which are all insulative. Therefore, the caulking ring 10 is electrically insulated from the power generation element 2 and the external terminal 5. For this reason, the occurrence of corrosion due to electrical causes of the caulking ring 10 can be reliably prevented.
[0030]
For this reason, the freedom degree of the material selection of the crimping ring 10 becomes large, and stainless steel can be used like a present Example. For this reason, it is not necessary to use expensive noble metals such as gold and platinum, aluminum that cannot obtain sufficient caulking force, and the like.
[0031]
And by using stainless steel for the caulking ring 10, the lid element can be provided with sufficient strength. Therefore, even when a horizontal stress is applied when the battery case 1 is curled in the assembly process, the battery case 1 can sufficiently withstand. Therefore, this stress does not give harmful stress to the welded portion between the protrusion 7a of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 7 and the internal terminal plate 6, and the reliability of the pressure sensitive cutoff function can be improved.
[0032]
Further, the inner peripheral portion of the caulking ring 10 is in a state where the outer peripheral portions of the two members of the holding ring 9 and the inner gasket 8 are in contact with each other. Therefore, even if the electrolytic solution inside the battery or the liquid from the outside is transmitted through the inner periphery of the caulking ring 10 or the battery internal pressure rises abnormally, it is transmitted by the connecting portion of these two members 8 and 9. It can block the liquid and gas that has come.
[0033]
Therefore, gas is prevented from leaking through each member, and the internal pressure of the battery stably and surely acts on the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 7, so that the protrusion 7a of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 7 and the internal terminal plate 6 are welded. Is peeled off with high accuracy against an increase in the internal pressure of the battery, and the pressure-sensitive cutoff accuracy is greatly improved.
[0034]
Furthermore, the laminate of the holding ring 9, the inner terminal plate 6, the inner gasket 8, the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 7, and the outer terminal plate 5 is inserted into the caulking ring 10 and integrated as a lid element. ing. Therefore, the lid element is assembled in advance, and when the battery is assembled, the lid element only needs to be attached to the opening portion of the battery case 1 via the outer gasket 4, so that the assemblability is improved.
[0035]
Here, in order to confirm the leakage characteristics of the battery according to this example, the shutoff operating pressures of this example and the conventional example were measured. Specifically, 50 batteries were prepared for each of the present example and the conventional example, and the number of occurrences of liquid leakage was measured for those that had been stored for 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months in an atmosphere at 60 ° C. I investigated.
[0036]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003651962
As a result, as shown in Table 1, the conventional one leaked after 3 months of storage and 5 batteries leaked after 6 months of storage, whereas in this example, it leaked even after 6 months. There was nothing. Therefore, it was confirmed that the battery of this example was extremely excellent in the liquid leakage property, that is, the sealing property, and it was possible to reliably prevent the electrolyte solution inside the battery from leaking to the outside.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, in the battery having the explosion-proof safety function according to the present invention, it is not necessary to worry about corrosion due to electrical causes when selecting the material for the caulking ring, and the degree of freedom in design is improved. To do. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a noble metal such as gold or platinum for the caulking ring, and the price can be prevented from increasing.
[0038]
In addition, even if iron or stainless steel is used as the material for the caulking ring, there is no risk of corrosion due to electrical causes, so that sufficient caulking strength can be obtained, sealing performance is improved and operability of the explosion-proof function is improved. In addition, the liquid leakage resistance can be improved.
[0039]
Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the electrolyte and gas inside the battery from leaking to the outside and the outside liquid from entering the inside, and the anti-leakage property and pressure-sensitive shut-off accuracy are greatly improved, thereby improving safety. improves.
[0040]
Furthermore, since the integrated lid element is inserted into the inner periphery of the outer gasket, the assemblability can be improved and the mass productivity can be greatly improved.
[0041]
Furthermore, in the case where the positive temperature coefficient temperature sensing element is sandwiched between the intermediate pressure sensing plate and the external terminal plate, not only the explosion-proof safety function is improved, Even if the electrolyte or liquid from the outside is transmitted through the inner peripheral portion of the inner gasket, it has been transmitted by the connecting portion with the intermediate pressure plate, the external terminal plate, and / or the positive temperature coefficient temperature sensing element. Liquid can be blocked.
[0042]
Therefore, it is possible to more reliably prevent the electrolytic solution inside the battery from leaking to the outside or the outside liquid from entering the inside, and the sealing performance is further improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a battery having an explosion-proof safety function according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part showing the assembly procedure of the lid element of the battery of FIG. 1, wherein (a) shows a state before the caulking ring 10 is curled, and (b) shows a state where the lid element is completed. Show.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views of the main part showing how the explosion-proof function works in the battery of FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 3A shows the state where the pressure-sensitive cutoff function works, and FIG. 3B shows the internal pressure release function. Show the state.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a battery having a conventional explosion-proof safety function.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery case 2 Power generation element 3 Lead tab 4 Outer gasket 5 External terminal board 5a Gas vent hole 6 Internal terminal board 6a Gas vent hole 7 Intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 7a Protrusion part 7b Thin part 8 Inner gasket 8a Eave part 9 Holding ring 9a Outer edge part 10 Caulking ring 11 PTC element (positive temperature coefficient temperature sensing element)

Claims (2)

有底筒形の金属製電池ケース(1)と、この電池ケース(1)に収納された発電要素(2)と、この発電要素(2)の一方の電極に接続されたリードタブ(3)と、該リードタブ(3)と電気的に接続されるとともに絶縁性の外側ガスケット(4)を介して該電池ケース(1)の開口部に装着されて該開口部を塞ぐ蓋要素とからなる電池において、該蓋要素は、それぞれガス抜き穴が形成されて剛性の比較的大きな金属製の外部端子板(5)および内部端子板(6)と、破断しやすい可撓性の金属板からなる中間感圧板(7)と、絶縁性の内側ガスケット(8)と、外周端部が断面L字形の絶縁性の保持リング(9)と、かしめリング(10)とを有し、該内部端子板(6)は該保持リング(9)の内周に嵌入され、該内部端子板(6)の上面には該内側ガスケット(8)が載置され、該内側ガスケット(8)は下端において内方に延出する鍔部を有し、該鍔部の上方に該中間感圧板(7)と該外部端子板(5)とが順次積層されて該内側ガスケット(8)の内周に該中間感圧板(7)と該外部端子板(5)とが挟み込まれ、該中間感圧板(7)と該内部端子板(6)とは該中間感圧板(7)の中央部分に形成された下方へ突出する突部で両者が接続してこの接続部分でのみ両者が導通しており、これら保持リング(9)、内部端子板(6)、内側ガスケット(8)、中間感圧板(7)、および外部端子板(5)の積層物が該かしめリング(10)の内周に嵌入されてかしめ付けられることで一体的な該蓋要素が構成され、該電池ケース(1)の開口部分の内周に装着された該外側ガスケット(4)の内周に一体的な該蓋要素が嵌入され、該電池ケース(1)の開口部分が内側にかしめられ該外側ガスケット(4)が圧縮されて該電池ケース(1)が密封されてなり、該電池ケース(1)の内部が所定の内圧に達することにより上方に膨出した該中間感圧板(7)によって該中間感圧板(7)の該突部が該内部端子板(6)から離間することにより該リードタブ(3)と該外部端子板(5)との電池内導電経路が遮断されるようにしてなることを特徴とする防爆安全機能を有する電池。A bottomed cylindrical metal battery case (1), a power generation element (2) housed in the battery case (1), and a lead tab (3) connected to one electrode of the power generation element (2) In a battery comprising a lid element that is electrically connected to the lead tab (3) and is attached to the opening of the battery case (1) via an insulating outer gasket (4) to close the opening. The lid element has an intermediate feeling made of a metal outer terminal plate (5) and an inner terminal plate (6), each of which has a vent hole formed therein and has a relatively large rigidity, and a flexible metal plate that is easily broken. A pressure plate (7), an insulating inner gasket (8), an insulating retaining ring (9) having an L-shaped outer periphery and a caulking ring (10), and the internal terminal plate (6 ) Is fitted into the inner periphery of the retaining ring (9) and is over the inner terminal plate (6). The inner gasket (8) is placed on the inner gasket (8), and the inner gasket (8) has a flange extending inwardly at the lower end, and the intermediate pressure sensitive plate (7) and the outside are disposed above the flange. The terminal plate (5) is sequentially laminated, and the intermediate pressure plate (7) and the external terminal plate (5) are sandwiched between the inner periphery of the inner gasket (8), and the intermediate pressure plate (7) and the The internal terminal plate (6) is a downward projecting protrusion formed in the central portion of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate (7). 9) A laminate of the internal terminal plate (6), the inner gasket (8), the intermediate pressure sensitive plate (7), and the external terminal plate (5) is fitted into the inner periphery of the caulking ring (10) and caulked. Thus, the outer cover element is formed as an integral part and is mounted on the inner periphery of the opening of the battery case (1). The integrated lid element is inserted into the inner periphery of the sket (4), the opening of the battery case (1) is crimped inward, the outer gasket (4) is compressed, and the battery case (1) is sealed. The projecting portion of the intermediate pressure plate (7) is formed by the intermediate terminal plate (7) by the intermediate pressure plate (7) bulging upward when the inside of the battery case (1) reaches a predetermined internal pressure. 6) A battery having an explosion-proof safety function, characterized in that the conductive path in the battery between the lead tab (3) and the external terminal plate (5) is blocked by being separated from 6). 請求項1に記載の防爆安全機能を有する電池において、前記中間感圧板(7)と前記外部端子板(5)との間に、中央部分が切り欠かれた正温度係数感温素子(11)が挟み込まれ、この正温度係数感温素子(11)を介して該中間感圧板(7)と該外部端子板(5)とが電気的に接続されていることを特徴とする防爆安全機能を有する電池。The battery having an explosion-proof safety function according to claim 1, wherein a positive temperature coefficient thermosensitive element (11) having a central portion cut out between the intermediate pressure sensitive plate (7) and the external terminal plate (5). The intermediate pressure-sensitive plate (7) and the external terminal plate (5) are electrically connected via the positive temperature coefficient temperature-sensitive element (11). Battery with.
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JP2701375B2 (en) * 1988-10-21 1998-01-21 ソニー株式会社 Explosion-proof sealed battery
JPH0641338Y2 (en) * 1989-06-07 1994-10-26 富士電気化学株式会社 Cylindrical battery
JP2520971Y2 (en) * 1991-03-18 1996-12-18 富士電気化学株式会社 Explosion proof battery
JPH056689U (en) * 1991-06-27 1993-01-29 富士電気化学株式会社 Cylindrical lithium battery
JP3222962B2 (en) * 1992-12-25 2001-10-29 三洋電機株式会社 Explosion-proof sealed battery
JP2600245Y2 (en) * 1993-08-05 1999-10-04 日本電池株式会社 Square sealed battery

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