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JP3645642B2 - Organic electroluminescence device - Google Patents

Organic electroluminescence device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3645642B2
JP3645642B2 JP06813996A JP6813996A JP3645642B2 JP 3645642 B2 JP3645642 B2 JP 3645642B2 JP 06813996 A JP06813996 A JP 06813996A JP 6813996 A JP6813996 A JP 6813996A JP 3645642 B2 JP3645642 B2 JP 3645642B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
layer
organic
ito
light emitting
derivatives
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JPH09260062A (en
Inventor
三千男 荒井
匡見 森
賢司 中谷
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TDK Corp
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TDK Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子に係り、特に長寿命で低コストの有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
有機エレクトロルミネセンス(EL)素子は、薄形の新しい発光源として注目されている。従来の有機EL素子は、図2に示す如く、ガラス基板に約1000〜2000ÅのITO(酸化インジウム・スズ)からなる透明電極を形成したITO基板1上に、ホール注入層2−1、ホール輸送層2−2、発光層3、電子注入輸送層4、陰極5等を形成することにより構成される。
【0003】
ホール注入層2−1としては、例えばm−MTDATA(4、4′、4″−Tris(3−methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine)、ポリ(チオフェン−2.5−ジイル)、フタロシアニアン等を使用する。
【0004】
ホール輸送層2−2としては、例えば下記化1で示されるテトラアリールジアミン誘導体を使用する。
【0005】
【化1】

Figure 0003645642
(化1において、R1 、R2 、R3 及びR4 はそれぞれアリール基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アミノ基又はハロゲン原子を表す。r1、r2、r3及びr4は、それぞれ0又は1〜5の整数である。R5 及びR6 は、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アミノ基又はハロゲン原子を表し、これらは同一でも異なるものであってもよい。r5及びr6は、それぞれ0又は1〜4の整数である。)
【0006】
発光層3としては、トリス(8−キノリノラト)アルミニウム等の金属錯体色素や前記化1で示すテトラアリールジアミン誘導体と前記トリス(8−キノリノラト)アルミニウムの混合物等が使用される。この外テトラフェニルブタジエン、アントラセン、ペリレン、コロネル、12−フタロペリノン誘導体、キナクリドン、ルブレン、クマリン、スチリン系色素等の有機蛍光体等が使用される。
【0007】
電子注入輸送層4としては、例えば前記トリス(8−キノリノラト)アルミニウム等の金属錯体色素、オキサジアゾール誘導体、ペリレン誘導体、ピリジン誘導体、ピリミジン誘導体、キノリン誘導体、キノキサリン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、ニトロ置換フルオロレン誘導体等が使用される。
【0008】
陰極5としては仕事関数の小さい材料、例えばLi、Na、Mg、Al、Ag、Inあるいはこれらの2種以上を含む合金、例えばMgAg(例えば重量比10:1)を使用する。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで前記の如く構成された有機EL素子は、ホール注入層2−1としてm−MTDATA等を使用し、またホール輸送層2−2としてテトラアリールジアミン誘導体等を使用しているが、これらの有機化合物はいずれも非常に高価なものであり、そのためこれを使用した有機EL素子はこれまた高価なものにならざるを得なかった。
【0010】
従って本発明の目的は、このような高価なm−MTDATAやテトラアリールジアミン誘導体等の有機化合物をホール注入層やホール輸送層として使用しない、しかも寿命の長い有機EL素子を提供することである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するため、本発明の有機EL素子では、電極と発光層の間に、透明電極材料と無機半導体の混合物からなる無機材料層を形成し、該無機材料層の抵抗率を20Ω・cm以下にする。
【0012】
これにより非常に高価なm−MTDATAやさらにテトラアリールジアミン誘導体等を使用することなく、しかも無機材料層を形成することにより寿命の長い有機EL素子を安価に構成することができる。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の一実施の形態を図1にもとづき説明する。図1において他図と同記号は同一部分を示し、1はITO基板、2−0はホール注入輸送層、5は陰極、6は電子注入輸送層兼発光層である。
【0014】
ITO基板1は、例えば透明なガラス基板上にITOの透明電極を2000Å形成したものである。
ホール注入輸送層2−0は、ITO基板1上にマグネトロンスパッタリング法によりITOとSiを同時蒸着したものであり無機材料層である。この場合、Siの割合は60vol%以下、好ましくは20vol%以下であって、50Å〜1000Å程度の膜厚にスパッタリングする。その後低抵抗化するためにN2 雰囲気中で100〜500℃で数分〜10時間熱処理した。
【0015】
この熱処理後のホール注入輸送層2−0の上に、電子注入輸送層兼発光層6となるトリス(8−キノリノラト)アルミニウムを抵抗加熱により、1×10-4Paの減圧下で、蒸着速度0.1〜0.2nm/secで約1100Å蒸着した。
【0016】
そしてこの電子注入輸送層兼発光層6の上に、陰極5となるMgAg電極を形成するため、1×10-4Paの減圧下でMgAg(重量比10:1)を蒸着速度0.2〜0.3nm/secで約2000Å共蒸着した。このようにして図1に示す有機EL素子を得た。
【0017】
ITOのSi含有量と抵抗率は、図3に示す如き特性を有する。Si含有量が約60vol%のとき抵抗率は20Ω・cmであり、20vol%以下のとき約10Ω・cm以下となり、抵抗率は大きく低下する。
【0018】
本発明の他の実施の形態を次に説明する。前記実施の形態では、電極と発光層の間に無機材料層を形成するときITO及びSiを同時に蒸着したが、このSiの代わりにSi−Bを使用することができる。この場合、Si及びBのそれぞれの粉末を、Bの量が0.01〜20wt%に混合した混合ターゲットを作製してITOとBを含むSiとのホール注入輸送層を形成することができる。
【0019】
また、この無機材料層の形成に際して、Arガス中にN2 ガスを混合して(混合比0.1〜100vol%)蒸着を行うことにより、ITOとNを含むSiとのホール注入輸送層を形成することができる。またO2 を0.1〜20vol%Arガス中に混合することにより、ITOとOを含むSiとのホール注入輸送層を形成することができる。
【0020】
ITOの代わりにIn2 3 、ZnOまたはSnO2 の少なくとも1種を使用することもできるし、Siの代わりにGeまたはGaを使用することもできる。またこのSiまたはGe、GaにB、C、N、OまたはPの少なくとも1種を含有させることができる。
【0021】
なお、電子注入輸送層兼発光層の代りに、トリス(8−キノリノラト)アルミニウム等の金属錯体色素とテトラアリールジアミン誘導体の混合物からなる発光層と、トリス(8−キノリノラト)アルミニウムからなる電子注入輸送層を使用することができる。
【0022】
発光層にはこの外に、テトラフェニルブタジエン、アントラセン、ペリレン、コロネル、12−フタロペリノン誘導体、キナクリドン、ルブレン、クマリン、スチリル系色素等の有機蛍光体等が使用できる。またそれらを発光層にドープすることもできる。
【0023】
電子注入輸送層としては、例えば前記トリス(8−キノリノラト)アルミニウム等の金属錯体色素、オキサジアゾール誘導体、ぺリレン誘導体、ピリジン誘導体、ピリミジン誘導体、キノリン誘導体、キノキサリン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、ニトロ置換フルオロレン誘導体等が使用できる。
【0024】
また陰極5としては例えばLi、Na、Mg、Al、Ag、Inあるいはこれらを2種類以上を含む合金が使用できる。
このようにして得られた有機EL素子では、その無機材料層の抵抗率を測定したところ20Ω・cm〜1Ω・cmであった。抵抗率は低い程良く、特に20Ω・cm以上の場合は駆動電圧が高くなるため、大きな電源電圧が必要となって消費電力が大きくなったり、絶縁破壊に至ることもある。また電流値も減少するため発光輝度が低下するものとなる。しかし本発明ではこのような問題はない。
【0025】
また10mA/cm2 の定電流駆動において、初期輝度270cd/m2 、電圧7V、輝度半減期が5000時間の有機EL素子を得た。
この場合、従来の有機EL素子の半減期が2500時間であるのに比較して、長寿命のものを得ることができ、また従来の無機材料層を使用した有機EL素子の初期値が100cd/m2 であるのに比べ、これまた輝度の明るい有機EL素子を提供することができた。
【0026】
しかも無機材料層を使用したので、有機材料層に比較してそのコストを大幅に抑えることが可能となった。
さらにITO膜上に直接発光層を形成すると両者は密着性が良くなく、発光層の膜質も劣化しやすく、ダークスポットやリークが発生し易い。しかし両者の間にITO+Si、Ge等の、つまりITO、In2 3 、SnO2 、ZnO等の透明電極材料と無機半導体の混合物からなる無機材料層を形成することにより、ITO膜等の電極層と発光層との間にダークスポットやリークが発生することなく、ITO等の電極層と発光層の接続状態は良好なものとなる。しかも良好な透明状態も保持することができる。また入手し易い材料で構成できる。
【0027】
SiやGeにBのような第3族元素やPのような第5族元素を使用することによりさらに抵抗値を低下することができる。また、C、N、Oを使用することにより膜質を安定することができる。従って、B、Pの少なくとも1つと、C、N、Oの少なくとも1つをそれぞれ添加すれば、抵抗値の低下した安定な膜質のものを提供することができる。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば無機材料層の抵抗値を20Ω・cm以下にしたので駆動電圧を高くすることなく、発光輝度の良好な有機EL素子を得ることができた。
【0029】
しかも、発光寿命の長い有機EL素子を得ることができた。
さらに無機材料層として、入手し易いものを使用して有機EL素子を構成することができるので、安価な有機EL素子を得ることができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態図である。
【図2】従来例説明図である。
【図3】ITOのSi含有量と抵抗率特性図である。
【符号の説明】
1 ITO基板
2−0 ホール注入輸送層
2−1 ホール注入層
2−2 ホール輸送層
3 発光層
4 電子注入輸送層
5 陰極
6 電子注入輸送層兼発光層[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element, and more particularly to a long-life and low-cost organic electroluminescent element.
[0002]
[Prior art]
An organic electroluminescence (EL) element has attracted attention as a thin new light source. As shown in FIG. 2, the conventional organic EL element has a hole injection layer 2-1, a hole transport layer on an ITO substrate 1 on which a transparent electrode made of ITO (indium tin oxide) of about 1000 to 2000 mm is formed on a glass substrate. It is configured by forming the layer 2-2, the light emitting layer 3, the electron injection / transport layer 4, the cathode 5, and the like.
[0003]
As the hole injection layer 2-1, for example, m-MTDATA (4, 4 ′, 4 ″ -Tris (3-methylphenylphenylamino) triphenylamine), poly (thiophene-2.5-diyl), phthalocyanian, or the like is used.
[0004]
As the hole transport layer 2-2, for example, a tetraaryldiamine derivative represented by the following chemical formula 1 is used.
[0005]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003645642
(In the chemical formula 1, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each represents an aryl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an amino group or a halogen atom. R1, r2, r3 and r4 are each 0; Or an integer of 1 to 5. R 5 and R 6 each represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an amino group or a halogen atom, and these may be the same or different, and r5 and r6 are each 0 or It is an integer of 1 to 4.)
[0006]
As the light-emitting layer 3, a metal complex dye such as tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum, a mixture of the tetraaryldiamine derivative represented by the chemical formula 1 and the tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum, or the like is used. In addition, organic phosphors such as tetraphenylbutadiene, anthracene, perylene, coronel, 12-phthaloperinone derivatives, quinacridone, rubrene, coumarin, and styrin dyes are used.
[0007]
Examples of the electron injection / transport layer 4 include metal complex dyes such as tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum, oxadiazole derivatives, perylene derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, and nitro-substituted fluoro. Len derivatives and the like are used.
[0008]
As the cathode 5, a material having a low work function, for example, Li, Na, Mg, Al, Ag, In, or an alloy containing two or more of these, for example, MgAg (for example, a weight ratio of 10: 1) is used.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the organic EL element configured as described above uses m-MTDATA or the like as the hole injection layer 2-1, and uses a tetraaryldiamine derivative or the like as the hole transport layer 2-2. All of the compounds are very expensive, and therefore, an organic EL device using the compound has to be expensive.
[0010]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL device that does not use such an expensive organic compound such as m-MTDATA or a tetraaryldiamine derivative as a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer and has a long lifetime.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the organic EL device of the present invention, an inorganic material layer made of a mixture of a transparent electrode material and an inorganic semiconductor is formed between the electrode and the light emitting layer, and the resistivity of the inorganic material layer is set to 20Ω · cm or less.
[0012]
Thereby, an organic EL element having a long lifetime can be constructed at low cost by forming an inorganic material layer without using very expensive m-MTDATA or further a tetraaryldiamine derivative.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, the same symbols as in the other figures indicate the same parts, 1 is an ITO substrate, 2-0 is a hole injection / transport layer, 5 is a cathode, and 6 is an electron injection / transport layer / light emitting layer.
[0014]
The ITO substrate 1 is, for example, a transparent glass substrate on which 2000 transparent ITO electrodes are formed.
The hole injecting and transporting layer 2-0 is an inorganic material layer formed by simultaneously depositing ITO and Si on the ITO substrate 1 by a magnetron sputtering method. In this case, the proportion of Si is 60 vol% or less, preferably 20 vol% or less, and sputtering is performed to a film thickness of about 50 to 1000 mm. Thereafter, in order to reduce the resistance, heat treatment was performed at 100 to 500 ° C. for several minutes to 10 hours in an N 2 atmosphere.
[0015]
On the hole injecting and transporting layer 2-0 after the heat treatment, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum serving as the electron injecting and transporting layer 6 and the light emitting layer 6 is heated by resistance heating under a reduced pressure of 1 × 10 −4 Pa. About 1100 mm of deposition was performed at 0.1 to 0.2 nm / sec.
[0016]
Then, in order to form an MgAg electrode serving as the cathode 5 on the electron injecting and transporting layer / light emitting layer 6, MgAg (weight ratio 10: 1) is deposited at a deposition rate of 0.2 to 10 under a reduced pressure of 1 × 10 −4 Pa. Co-deposited at about 2000 nm at 0.3 nm / sec. Thus, the organic EL element shown in FIG. 1 was obtained.
[0017]
The Si content and resistivity of ITO have the characteristics shown in FIG. When the Si content is about 60 vol%, the resistivity is 20 Ω · cm. When the Si content is 20 vol% or less, the resistivity is about 10 Ω · cm, and the resistivity is greatly reduced.
[0018]
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described next. In the above embodiment, ITO and Si are vapor-deposited at the same time when the inorganic material layer is formed between the electrode and the light emitting layer, but Si-B can be used instead of Si. In this case, a mixed target obtained by mixing each powder of Si and B with 0.01 to 20 wt% of B can be prepared to form a hole injection / transport layer of Si containing ITO and B.
[0019]
Further, when forming this inorganic material layer, N 2 gas is mixed in Ar gas (mixing ratio: 0.1 to 100 vol%) and vapor deposition is performed to form a hole injecting and transporting layer of Si containing ITO and N. Can be formed. Moreover, a hole injection transport layer of ITO and Si containing O can be formed by mixing O 2 in 0.1 to 20 vol% Ar gas.
[0020]
At least one of In 2 O 3 , ZnO or SnO 2 can be used instead of ITO, and Ge or Ga can be used instead of Si. Further, at least one of B, C, N, O or P can be contained in this Si, Ge, or Ga.
[0021]
Instead of the electron injection / transport layer and the light emitting layer, a light emitting layer made of a mixture of a metal complex dye such as tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum and a tetraaryldiamine derivative, and an electron injection / transport made of tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum. Layers can be used.
[0022]
In addition to this, organic phosphors such as tetraphenylbutadiene, anthracene, perylene, coronel, 12-phthaloperinone derivatives, quinacridone, rubrene, coumarin, and styryl dyes can be used for the light emitting layer. They can also be doped into the light emitting layer.
[0023]
Examples of the electron injecting and transporting layer include metal complex dyes such as tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum, oxadiazole derivatives, perylene derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, nitro-substituted fluoro Len derivatives and the like can be used.
[0024]
As the cathode 5, for example, Li, Na, Mg, Al, Ag, In, or an alloy containing two or more of these can be used.
In the organic EL element thus obtained, the resistivity of the inorganic material layer was measured and found to be 20 Ω · cm to 1 Ω · cm. The resistivity is preferably as low as possible. In particular, when the resistance is 20 Ω · cm or more, the drive voltage becomes high, so that a large power supply voltage is required, resulting in an increase in power consumption or breakdown. In addition, since the current value also decreases, the light emission luminance decreases. However, the present invention does not have such a problem.
[0025]
An organic EL device having an initial luminance of 270 cd / m 2 , a voltage of 7 V, and a luminance half-life of 5000 hours in a constant current drive of 10 mA / cm 2 was obtained.
In this case, compared to the conventional organic EL device having a half-life of 2500 hours, a longer life can be obtained, and the initial value of the organic EL device using the conventional inorganic material layer is 100 cd / d. Compared to m 2 , an organic EL device having a brighter brightness could be provided.
[0026]
In addition, since the inorganic material layer is used, the cost can be greatly reduced as compared with the organic material layer.
Further, when the light emitting layer is directly formed on the ITO film, the both have poor adhesion, the film quality of the light emitting layer is likely to deteriorate, and dark spots and leaks are likely to occur. However, by forming an inorganic material layer made of a mixture of a transparent electrode material such as ITO + Si, Ge, etc., that is, ITO, In 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , ZnO, etc. and an inorganic semiconductor between them, an electrode layer such as an ITO film There is no dark spot or leakage between the light emitting layer and the light emitting layer, and the connection state between the electrode layer such as ITO and the light emitting layer is good. In addition, a good transparent state can be maintained. Moreover, it can comprise with an easily available material.
[0027]
The resistance value can be further reduced by using a Group 3 element such as B or a Group 5 element such as P for Si or Ge. Moreover, the film quality can be stabilized by using C, N, and O. Therefore, by adding at least one of B and P and at least one of C, N and O, respectively, it is possible to provide a stable film quality with a reduced resistance value.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the resistance value of the inorganic material layer is set to 20 Ω · cm or less, an organic EL element having good light emission luminance can be obtained without increasing the driving voltage.
[0029]
In addition, an organic EL element having a long light emission life could be obtained.
Furthermore, since an organic EL element can be comprised using an easily available inorganic material layer, an inexpensive organic EL element could be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional example.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing resistivity and resistivity characteristics of ITO.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ITO substrate 2-0 hole injection transport layer 2-1 hole injection layer 2-2 hole transport layer 3 light emitting layer 4 electron injection transport layer 5 cathode 6 electron injection transport layer / light emitting layer

Claims (3)

電極と発光層の間に、透明電極材料と無機半導体の混合物からなる無機材料層を形成し、該無機材料層の抵抗率が20Ω・cm以下であることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。An organic electroluminescent device, wherein an inorganic material layer made of a mixture of a transparent electrode material and an inorganic semiconductor is formed between an electrode and a light emitting layer, and the resistivity of the inorganic material layer is 20 Ω · cm or less. 前記透明電極材料は、ITO、In2 3 、SnO2 、ZnOの少なくとも1つ又はこれらの複数の混合物からなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。 2. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the transparent electrode material is made of at least one of ITO, In 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , and ZnO, or a mixture thereof. 前記無機半導体は、Si又はGeあるいはSi又はGeにB、P、C、N、Oのうち少なくとも1つを添加したものであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子。2. The organic electroluminescent element according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic semiconductor is Si or Ge or Si or Ge to which at least one of B, P, C, N, and O is added.
JP06813996A 1996-03-25 1996-03-25 Organic electroluminescence device Expired - Fee Related JP3645642B2 (en)

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