JP3503196B2 - Compressor - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a seal structure for a cylinder block and a housing of a compressor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 9, in a conventional compressor, a gasket 41, a discharge valve 42, a valve plate 43, and a suction valve 44 are sandwiched between a cylinder block 2 and a housing 9, and screw means 1 such as a bolt is used.
5, the cylinder block 2 and the housing 9 are fastened together.

In the above-described conventional compressor, the joint surface between the cylinder block 2 and the housing 9 on the outside of the screw means 15 is sealed by the O-ring 45, so that the refrigerant never leaks from the joint surface. However, since a seal member is not provided on the joint surface between the suction valve 44 and the cylinder block 2, the refrigerant from the piston cylinder (not shown) formed on the cylinder block 2 causes the joint surface between the suction valve 44 and the cylinder block 2 to come into contact. It will pass through and leak into the screw insertion hole 26.

As described above, since the screw insertion hole 26 has conventionally penetrated through the refrigerant atmosphere, it was necessary to seal the head portion of the screw means 15. Therefore, as the sealing structure, as shown in FIG. 9, a metallic washer 46 made of copper, aluminum or the like is sandwiched between the head portions and fastened, or an O-ring as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 57-153853. It is known that they are fastened by sandwiching them.

[0005]

However, in the case of the former,
Basically, the washer 46 cannot be reused, and the sealing surface of the housing 9 may be deformed if the fastening torque is not sufficiently controlled. Further, in the latter case, it is necessary to form a groove for inserting the O-ring on the cylinder block 2 side, and it is expected that the cost will be increased by using the O-ring.

Further, it is necessary to precisely machine the sealing surface of the head portion and the sealing surface of the housing so that the head portion is firmly sealed. In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a compressor in which a cylinder block and a housing are fastened with screw means, and a refrigerant does not leak from the head portion of the screw means without sealing the head portion. With the goal.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, in the invention according to claim 1, the cylinders (7a to 7e) are provided.
And a cylinder block (2, 3) formed with screw insertion holes (11a to 11e), and the piston cylinder (7).
a to 7e) and the screw insertion holes (11a to 11e), the refrigerant discharge chambers (20, 21) and the screw insertion holes (11a to 11e) are formed at positions facing the screw insertion holes (11a to 11e). It is provided inside the housing (9, 10) fastened to the cylinder block (2, 3) by inserting and screwing the screw means (12a to 12e) into the piston cylinder (7a to 7e). ,
A piston (6) that reciprocates by receiving power from a power source
And discharge holes (17a to 17e) are formed, and the piston cylinders (7a to 7e) and the refrigerant discharge chambers (20, 2) are formed.
A valve plate (17) provided between the piston cylinders (7a to 7e) and the refrigerant discharge chamber (20, 21) so as to communicate with 1) via the discharge holes (17a to 17e); When pressure is applied to the discharge hole (17a
˜17e) for opening the discharge valve (18), the reciprocating motion of the piston (6) sucks the refrigerant into the piston cylinders (7a to 7e), compresses the refrigerant, and Compressed refrigerant is discharged through the discharge holes (17a to 17).
In the compressor that discharges to the refrigerant discharge chamber (20, 21) via e), the valve plate (17) is formed in a shape that avoids the both screw insertion holes (11a to 11e), and the cylinder block (2). , 3) and the housing (9, 10) on the joint surface between the valve plate (17) and the screw insertion holes (11a to 11e), the cylinder block (2, 3). A sealing member (19) for sealing the housing and the housing (9, 10)
Is provided.

As described in claim 2, claim 1
In the compressor described, the cylinder block (2,
3) or the housing (9, 10), one of the joint surfaces, the both screw insertion holes (11a-11)
A recess (13) recessed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the joint surface is formed on the inner side of e), and the valve plate (17) is formed.
Is fitted into the recessed portion (13), so that the valve plate (17) is inserted into the screw insertion holes (11a-1).
You may avoid 1e).

As described in claim 3, claim 1
Or the rotary shaft (1) which rotates by receiving power from the power source, and the swash plate which converts the rotation of the rotary shaft (1) into reciprocating motion of the piston (6). The mechanism (1a, 8) may be provided.

Further, as described in claim 4, claim 3
In the compressor described, the cylinder block (2,
3) incorporates the rotary shaft (1), and the piston cylinders (7a to 7e) include the cylinder block (2, 3).
A plurality of screw insertion holes (11a to 11e) of the cylinder block (2, 3) are formed inside the cylinder in the direction of the rotation axis (1) along the circumferential direction of the piston cylinder (7a to 7e). A plurality of screw insertion holes (11a to 11e) of the housing (9, 10) are formed in the direction of the rotation axis (1) slightly outside the intermediate positions (AE).
Screw insertion hole (11a) of the cylinder block (2, 3)
To 11e), the valve plate (17) has convex portions (171) and concave portions (172) alternately formed along the circumferential direction in parallel with the joint surface.
The convex portion (171) has the piston cylinders (7a to 7a).
e) so that the recess (172) avoids the screw insertion holes (11a to 11e).

The reference numerals in the parentheses of the above means indicate the correspondence with the concrete means of the embodiments described later.

[0012]

According to the present invention, the piston receives the power from the power source and reciprocates in the piston cylinder. As a result, the refrigerant is sucked into the piston cylinder and compressed therein. When the pressure of the compressed refrigerant exceeds a predetermined pressure, the discharge valve opens, and the compressed refrigerant is discharged into the refrigerant discharge chamber through the discharge hole of the valve plate.

Further, a screw insertion hole is formed in each of the cylinder block and the housing, and the cylinder block and the housing are fastened by inserting and screwing screw means into the screw insertion hole. Here, the valve plate is formed in a shape avoiding both screw insertion holes.
Further, a seal member that seals the cylinder block and the housing is provided on the joint surface between the cylinder block and the housing between the valve plate and the screw insertion holes.

According to this, the screw insertion hole is shielded from the refrigerant atmosphere, so that the refrigerant in the piston cylinder and the refrigerant discharge chamber does not leak into the screw insertion hole. Therefore, since it is not necessary to seal the head portion of the screw means, the cost increase due to the sealing of the head portion can be eliminated, and the machining of the sealing surface of the head portion and the sealing surface of the housing can be performed with high accuracy. There is no need to do it.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. Here, FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the entire swash plate type compressor of an automobile air conditioner, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line FF of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a front view of the valve plate 17, FIG. 5 is a front view of the discharge valve 18, FIG. 6 is a front view of the gasket 19, FIG. 7 is a front view of the gasket 31, and FIG. FIG.

The compressor of this embodiment is of a double piston type in which pistons are arranged on both front and rear sides of a swash plate. Reference numeral 1 denotes a metal rotating shaft, which is connected to a known electromagnetic clutch (not shown) on the left end side (the front side of the compressor) of FIG. 1 and rotates by receiving the rotational force of the automobile engine (power source) via this electromagnetic clutch. . An inclined disk-shaped swash plate portion 1a is integrally formed on the rotary shaft 1.

The rotary shaft 1 is rotatably supported by radial bearings 4a and 4b incorporated in the two cylinder blocks 2 and 3, respectively. Also, the swash plate portion 1
A is supported in the thrust direction by thrust bearings 5a and 5b. Reference numeral 6 denotes a double-headed piston having pistons 6a and 6b at both front and rear ends in the axial direction. It is reciprocally inserted in the piston cylinders 7a to 7e formed in the above, and sucks, compresses, and discharges the refrigerant gas. The double-headed piston 6 receives the swing accompanying the turning of the swash plate portion 1a through a pair of hemispherical shoes 8, and can reciprocate in a piston cylinder 7 of the cylinder blocks 2 and 3.

Front and rear housings 9 and 10 are provided on both axial front and rear end surfaces of the cylinder blocks 2 and 3, respectively.
Is provided. The housings 9 and 10 are formed with refrigerant discharge chambers 20 and 21 into which high-pressure refrigerant from discharge holes 17a to 17e described later is introduced. The discharge hole 17
The refrigerant discharge chambers 20 and 21 facing the a to 17e communicate with each other in the circumferential direction of the housings 9 and 10.

Further, the cylinder blocks 2 and 3 have discharge passages 22 for communicating the refrigerant discharge chamber 20 and the refrigerant discharge chamber 21, respectively.
23 (FIG. 2) are formed. Reference numeral 24 denotes an external discharge port for the refrigerant gas, which is for discharging the high-pressure refrigerant gas discharged into the refrigerant discharge chambers 20 and 21 to the compressor discharge side pipe of the refrigeration cycle. 1
It is arranged in the housing 10 on the rear side of 0.

Then, in the housings 9 and 10 and the cylinder blocks 2 and 3, holes 11 for inserting bolts are provided at a position where the circumferential direction is divided into a plurality of, for example, 5 parts (see FIGS. 2 and 3).
a to 11e are formed, and the bolt insertion hole 11
The cylinder blocks 2 and 3 and the housings 9 and 10 are integrally fastened by inserting the bolts 12a to 12e into the a to 11e and screwing them together.

As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e are located outside the intermediate positions (indicated by points A to E in FIG. 2) of the adjacent piston cylinders 7 (rotating shaft 1). It is formed at a position slightly deviated from the side away from the center. The cylinder blocks 2 and 3 are provided with recessed portions 13 and 14 on the joint surface with the housings 9 and 10 which is recessed on the side opposite to the joint surface. Further, since the depressions 13 and 14 are formed on the joint surface, the projections 15 and 16 are formed on the outside (the side away from the rotary shaft 1) and the inside (the side approaching the rotary shaft 1) of the depressions 13 and 14, respectively. Has been formed.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3, the depressions 13 and 14 are formed inside the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e and the discharge passages 22 and 23. That is, the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e and the discharge passage 22,
Reference numeral 23 penetrates the protrusions 15 and 16. Further, the piston cylinders 7a to 7e penetrate the depressions 13 and 14. The depressions 13 and 14 are formed on the valve plate 1 described later.
The shape corresponds to the uneven shape of No. 7.

Discharge holes 17a ...
A valve plate 17 (FIG. 4) having an outer contour 17e and having the same outer shape as the depressions 13 and 14, and a valve portion 18a for opening the discharge hole 11a when a predetermined refrigerant pressure is applied.
The discharge valve 18 (FIG. 5) having the outer shape 18e and the outer contour having the same shape as the depressions 13 and 14 is fitted.

As shown in FIG. 4, convex portions 171 and concave portions 172 are alternately formed on the valve plate 17.
When the valve plate 17 is fitted into the recessed portion 13, the convex portion 171 faces the piston cylinders 7a to 7e, and the discharge holes 17a to 17e formed in the convex portion 171 are substantially central portions of the piston cylinders 7a to 7e. And the concave portion 172 has the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e and the discharge passage 2
Avoid 2,23. Further, the valve plate 17 is made of SPCC, and is formed by punching to form a concavo-convex shape and then polishing both surfaces.

A gasket 19 is arranged between the housings 9 and 10 and the discharge valve 18 so as to cover the entire joint surface. This gasket 1
Reference numeral 9 denotes a thin metal plate having seal members attached to both sides thereof. As shown in FIG. 6, the valve stoppers 191 to 195 slightly inclined toward the front side of the drawing with the portions indicated by reference numerals 191a to 195a as fulcrums are provided. Has been formed.

The gasket 19 has a bolt insertion hole 1
Holes 19a to 19e having the same shape as 1a to 11e for passing the bolts 12a to 12e, and holes 19f and 19g having the same shape as the discharge passages 22 and 23 for passing the refrigerant are formed. The gasket 19 seals the joint surfaces between the housings 9 and 10 and the protrusions 15 and 16.

Reference numeral 24 denotes a shaft sealing device which prevents the refrigerant from leaking from the rotary shaft 1 portion to the outside, and is incorporated in the front housing 9. Reference numerals 25 and 26 denote cylindrical suction rotary valves, which are coupled to the rotary shaft 1 and rotate integrally with the rotary shaft 1. Reference numerals 27 and 28 denote suction ports provided in the cylinder blocks 2 and 3 respectively corresponding to the piston cylinders 7a to 7e before and after the compressor, and are communication holes that open the suction ports 27 and 28 in a predetermined rotation angle range. 25a and 26a are the intake rotary valves 25 and 26 described above.
Is formed in.

The front and rear intake rotary valves 25,
Of the 26, in the present example, the rear intake rotary valve 2
6 is configured to be movable in the axial direction with respect to the rotary shaft 1,
The axial position thereof can be adjusted according to the heat load of the refrigeration cycle, more specifically, the pressure of the suction chamber 30 (compressor suction pressure of the refrigeration cycle) described later, and the communication hole 26 is also provided.
The communication hole 26a is formed in a stepped shape, a tapered shape, or the like so that the rotation angle range of the opening portion of a is changed by the axial movement.

According to this structure, by adjusting the axial position of the rear intake rotary valve 26 in accordance with the heat load of the refrigeration cycle, the piston cylinders 7a to 7c are adjusted.
In e, the suction stroke period (amount of refrigerant gas for suction) of the rear cylinder changes, and the discharge capacity of the compressor can be changed according to the heat load of the refrigeration cycle. Specifically, the discharge capacity of the rear cylinder is changed from 0% to 100% (the discharge capacity of the entire compressor including the front cylinder is 50%).
% To 100%).

The communication hole 25a of the front intake rotary valve 25 is rearward through the communication passage 29 formed in the center of the rotary shaft 1 and the center hole of the rear intake rotary valve 26. It is adapted to communicate with a suction chamber 30 provided at the center of the housing 10. Further, the communication hole 26a of the suction rotary valve 26 on the rear side is
It directly communicates with the suction chamber 30.

The low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator of the refrigeration cycle is sucked into the suction chamber 30 through a pipe (not shown). Further, a gasket 31 is arranged on the mating surfaces of the cylinder blocks 2 and 3. The gasket 31 is a thin metal plate having seal members attached to both sides thereof, and has the same shape as the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e as shown in FIG.
2e through holes 31a to 31e, the discharge passage 22,
Holes 31f and 31g, which have the same shape as 23, and through which the refrigerant passes are formed. And with this gasket 31,
The mating surfaces of the cylinder blocks 2 and 3 are sealed. This prevents leakage of the compressed refrigerant into the swash plate chamber 32.

33 is a piston cylinder 7a-7e
It is an oil return hole for returning, to the swash plate chamber 32, only the oil separated by the oil separator (not shown) among the refrigerants compressed by. A hole 17h formed in the valve plate 17 is a hole for returning oil to the oil return hole. Further, in this embodiment, the valve plate 17, the discharge valve 18, and the gasket 19 are also used on the front and rear sides.

When the rotary shaft 1 is rotated by the power of the automobile engine through an electromagnetic clutch (not shown) in the above-mentioned structure, the swash plate portion 1a swings with rotation,
The piston 6 is attached to the piston cylinder 7a via the shoe 8.
Reciprocating motion within 7e, the piston cylinder 7a
The refrigerant is sucked and compressed in 7e. Then, when the refrigerant in the piston cylinders 7a to 7e reaches a predetermined pressure or higher, the valve portions 18a to 18e of the discharge valve 18 are opened, whereby the refrigerant is discharged into the refrigerant discharge chambers 20 and 21. The refrigerant discharged to the refrigerant discharge chambers 20 and 21 is guided to the external discharge port 24 (of which the refrigerant discharge chamber 20
Is guided to the external discharge port 24 through the discharge passages 22 and 23), and is discharged from here to the compressor discharge side pipe of the refrigeration cycle.

Here, the valve plate 17 and the depression 13,
Since a seal member is not provided between the valve pistons 17 and 14, the refrigerant in the cylinder pistons 7a to 7e enters between the valve plate 17 and the depressions 13 and 14. However, in the present embodiment, the joint surfaces of the housings 9 and 10 and the protrusions 15 and 16 are sealed by the gasket 19, and the periphery of the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e is sealed, so that the valve plate 17 and the depressions are depressed. The refrigerant that has entered between the portions 13 and 14 does not enter the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e.

Also, on the mating surfaces of the cylinder blocks 2 and 3, since the periphery of the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e is sealed, the refrigerant in the cylinder blocks 2 and 3 is transferred from this mating surface to the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e. It doesn't get in. In this way, the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e
Is blocked from the refrigerant atmosphere, so that the refrigerant inside the compressor can be prevented from leaking to the outside of the compressor through the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e. As a result, the seal member in the head portion of the bolts 12a to 12e can be eliminated. Further, as a result, the head portion and the housings 9 and 10 contacting the head portion
It is not necessary to increase the cutting accuracy of the surface of.

Since the cylinder blocks 2 and 3 and the housings 9 and 10 and the joint surfaces and the mating surfaces of the cylinder blocks 2 and 3 are sealed with gaskets 19 and 31, respectively, as shown in FIG. It is not necessary to form a groove. Further, the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11
By blocking e from the refrigerant atmosphere, the bolt 1
It is possible to pass through the bolt insertion holes of the housing (housing 10 in this embodiment) on the side opposite to the head portion of 2a to 12e. According to this, since the effective screw length for fastening the cylinder blocks 2 and 3 and the housings 9 and 10 can be taken sufficiently, the housing 10
The length in the direction of the rotation axis 1 (left-right direction in FIG. 1) can be shortened, and thereby the size of the compressor main body can be reduced.

(Other Embodiments) In the above embodiment, the depression 1
3, 14 and protrusions 15 and 16 are formed on the cylinder blocks 2 and 3 side, and the valve plate 17 is fitted into the recessed portions 13 and 14, but the housing 9 and
The recess and the protrusion may be formed on the 10 side, and the valve plate 17 may be fitted into the recess. In this case, it goes without saying that the recesses are located inside the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the concave portion 13 and the valve plate 17 are made to have an uneven shape, but the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e are made further outside than in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the valve plate 17 is circular. You may make it become. In this case, as compared with the above-mentioned embodiment, the physique of the compressor is slightly larger because the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e are located on the outer side, but the bolt insertion holes 11a to 11e are removed from the refrigerant atmosphere in the same manner as in the above embodiment. Can be shut off.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a swash plate type compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line FF of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a front view of only a cylinder block 2 as viewed from the left side of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the valve plate 17.

5 is a front view of the discharge valve 18. FIG.

6 is a front view of the gasket 19. FIG.

FIG. 7 is a front view of a gasket 31.

FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged view of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a seal structure between a cylinder block and a housing in a conventional compressor.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 rotation axis 1a Swash plate part (swash plate mechanism) 2, 3 cylinder block 6 double-headed piston 7a-7e Piston cylinder 8 shoes (swash plate mechanism) 9,10 housing 11a-11e Bolt insertion hole (screw insertion hole) 12a-12e bolt (screw means) 13 Depression 15a-15e bolt 17 valve plate 17a to 17e Discharge hole 18 Discharge valve (Discharge valve) 19 Gasket (seal member) 20,21 Refrigerant discharge chamber 171 convex 172 recess

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cylinder block in which a piston cylinder and a screw insertion hole are formed, a refrigerant discharge chamber and a screw insertion hole are formed at positions facing the piston cylinder and the screw insertion hole, and a screw is formed in each of the screw insertion holes. A housing that is fastened to the cylinder block by inserting and screwing means, a piston that is provided inside the piston cylinder and that reciprocates by receiving power from a power source, a discharge hole is formed, and A valve plate provided between the piston cylinder and the refrigerant discharge chamber so that the piston cylinder and the refrigerant discharge chamber communicate with each other through the discharge hole, and a discharge that opens the discharge hole when a predetermined pressure is applied. And a valve for sucking the refrigerant into the piston cylinder by the reciprocating motion of the piston and compressing the refrigerant. In the compressor that discharges the compressed refrigerant into the refrigerant discharge chamber through the discharge hole, the valve plate is formed in a shape that avoids the both screw insertion holes, and a part of a joint surface between the cylinder block and the housing. A compressor provided with a seal member for sealing the cylinder block and the housing between the valve plate and the screw insertion holes. 2. A recessed portion, which is recessed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the joint surface, is formed inside the joint surface of either one of the cylinder block or the housing, inside the screw insertion holes. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the valve plate avoids the both screw insertion holes by fitting a plate into the recess. 3. A rotary shaft that receives power from the power source to rotate, and a swash plate mechanism that converts the rotation of the rotary shaft into reciprocating motion of the piston. Two
Compressor according to any one. 4. The cylinder block contains the rotary shaft, a plurality of the piston cylinders are formed in the cylinder block in the rotary shaft direction along a circumferential direction thereof, and a screw insertion hole of the cylinder block is formed. A plurality of screw insertion holes of the housing are formed slightly outside the intermediate position of the adjacent piston cylinders in the rotation axis direction, and a plurality of screw insertion holes of the housing are formed corresponding to the screw insertion holes of the cylinder block. , Convex portions and concave portions are formed alternately along the circumferential direction in parallel with the joint surface, the convex portions face the piston cylinder, and the concave portions avoid both the screw insertion holes. The compressor according to claim 3.