JP3434281B2 - Absorption refrigerator - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an absorption refrigerator.
In particular, absorption chillers suitable for constructing large capacity machines
Related. [0002] Absorption refrigerators use water as a refrigerant and lithium bromide.
A refrigerator using a solution as an absorbent and heat as a driving source,
It is an effective refrigerator for utilizing waste heat. This absorption refrigerator is
The generator, absorber, regenerator and condenser are the main components.
And a high vacuum (absolute pressure)
6 to 7 mmHg). And conventional absorption
The refrigerator has a single evaporator and a single absorber.
These are sized to match the refrigeration capacity of the absorption refrigerator.
Is formed. [0003] The refrigeration capacity of a conventional absorption refrigerator is as follows.
The maximum is 2500RT, but the refrigeration of this absorption refrigerator
To increase the capacity to 5000RT, for example,
The capacity of single-unit evaporator and absorber must also be improved
No. To do so, the evaporator and absorber must be large
However, simply changing the evaporator and absorber
Making it bigger requires a larger installation space
Is required. However, the installation space for the absorption refrigerator is limited.
Because there are many limitations, the size of a single unit is large as described above.
Is likely to be inappropriate for installation.
You. Moreover, the larger the evaporator and absorber, the larger
As it becomes difficult to make, delivery and delivery to the installation location
It becomes difficult to perform entry. FIG. 3 shows the steam consumption rate of a conventional absorption refrigerator and the negative rate.
FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship with a load.
This is the rating point determined by the specifications of the
The load at the rated point A is approximately 100%. Also, the rated point A
3 is a characteristic curve B that draws a circular arc that projects downward in FIG.
As can be seen, in a load range of approximately 40% or less, the rated point A
The steam consumption rate exceeds level C. This figure 3
As can be understood, the absorption refrigerator has the characteristic curve B and the
In the load range between the intersection D with the bell C and the rated point A,
The region where the characteristic curve B is the lowest, that is, approximately 60 to 8
Operates most efficiently with low steam consumption rate at 0% load area
However, when the load falls to a low load area of about 40% or less,
The cost rate is required to exceed the steam consumption rate at the rated point A,
The efficiency of the entire refrigerator tends to decrease. [0006] The absorption chiller operates efficiently in a partial load range.
Is higher than the efficiency under the rated conditions.
Although it is a good refrigerator compared to the freezer, it is still
Efficiency in the low load region is lower than that in the rated condition.
You. The reason is that in operation at low load
Flow rate of the lithium bromide solution flowing through the
Lithium bromide solution flow rate too low
The absorber tube of this absorber dries,
It is thought that the heat transfer surface could not be used effectively
ing. As a result, in the low load range,
The heat transfer area of the collector becomes excessive, and the absorption performance decreases.
As a result, the efficiency of the entire refrigerator is reduced. this
Under such circumstances, when increasing the capacity of absorption refrigerators, for example,
Therefore, even in the low load range
It is required to improve. [0007] The present invention is to solve the problem
The challenge is to improve efficiency in low load areas,
Easy to manufacture, easy to transport and deliver, space saving
Absorption chiller that can be installed and easy to control the heat source supply
To get. [0008] The present invention provides a refrigerant nozzle.
The refrigerant nozzle in the evaporator tube through which cold water flows
The refrigerant is evaporated and vaporized by spraying the refrigerant from
An evaporator having a refrigerant nozzle and a solution nozzle;
The refrigerant vapor generated in the above is sprayed from the solution nozzle
An absorber for absorbing a strong lithium bromide solution;
Lithium bromide solution that has become low concentration by absorbing refrigerant vapor
When heated, the refrigerant in this solution evaporates and the concentration increases.
A regenerator for supplying the lithium bromide solution to the absorber,
The refrigerant vapor generated by this regenerator is condensed and liquefied.
And a condenser for supplying a cooled refrigerant to the evaporator.
Assume a freezer. [0009] In order to solve the above problems,
An evaporator, a refrigerant pump for supplying a refrigerant to the refrigerant nozzle,
The absorber and low concentration lithium bromide in the absorber
A plurality having a solution pump for supplying a solution to the regenerator side
Evaporator / absorber system, and a plurality of
Use part of the evaporator / absorber system and
Of the system is stopped and operated,
In the cargo area, a small part of the above
Switching using at least some systems together
A valve and the cold water of each of the evaporator / absorber systems.
Outlet of the cold water where the outflow pipe of
A chilled water temperature sensor that detects the temperature, and
Heat source supply amount to the regenerator based on the outlet temperature
And a controller for adjustment.
You. In the present invention, the predetermined load is arbitrarily set.
And evaporator / absorber system is 2
As long as there is more than one system, each system has the same refrigeration capacity.
Although it is preferable that there is a difference, there may be a difference in refrigeration capacity.
In the present invention, switching of the switching valve is performed manually or automatically.
Can be implemented. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to FIG. 1 and FIG.
An embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an absorption refrigerator according to one embodiment.
It is a block diagram. As shown in FIG.
Are the first and second evaporator / absorber systems with the same refrigeration capacity
1, 2, a regenerator, a condenser 3, a low-temperature heat exchanger 4,
It is equipped with a high-temperature heat exchanger 5 as main equipment and cools water.
Medium, a lithium bromide solution as an absorbent, and district cooling
It uses steam for heating as a heat source, and is a large-capacity machine.
For example, it is configured to exhibit a refrigerating capacity of 5000RT.
ing. [0013] The regenerator has increased heating efficiency and heating energy.
Double effect by arranging regenerators in two stages to reduce
Type is used. In other words, the regenerator
A high-pressure regenerator 6 for heating a dilute lithium chloride solution;
Using the high-temperature refrigerant vapor generated in the heater 6 as a heat source
And a low-pressure regenerator 7 for further heating the dilute solution.
You. The first evaporator / absorber system 1 includes an evaporator 11
, Absorber 12, refrigerant pump 13, solution pump 14
And The evaporator 11 and the absorber 12 have the same system.
(High vacuum vessel). Inside the evaporator 11
The evaporator tube 15 (use of multi-stage heat transfer tube group is preferred)
New ) Is arranged. This tube 15 has a film steam
A firing tube is preferably used. Evaporator tube 15
Through the cold water inlet line (cold water inflow pipe) 16
Is supplied, and the cold water flowing through the evaporator tube 15 is cooled.
Through a water outlet line (cold water outflow pipe) 17, this line
After passing through a cold water pump 18 attached to the
Is discharged to the outside through To the cold water inlet line 16
Chilled water is used for building cooling equipment (cooling load).
And its use raised the temperature to about 13 ° C.
ing. Cold water inlet line 16 (or cold water outlet line 17
May be. ) Includes an operation valve 22 that can open and close the flow path.
Installed. The evaporator 11 has a pair with an evaporator tube 15.
The refrigerant nozzle 20 is disposed facing the evaporator 11.
The refrigerant pump 13 communicates with the bottom via an on-off valve.
The refrigerant (water) pumped by the
The refrigerant is supplied to the refrigerant nozzle 20 through the tube 21. this
The evaporator 11 is configured in the high-pressure vacuum vessel as described above.
Therefore, the refrigerant nozzle 20 is formed by the spray film evaporation method.
Refrigerant sprayed toward the evaporator tube 15 from the
It evaporates by boiling at about 6C to 6C. Therefore, the evaporator
The cold water flowing in the tube 15 is the latent heat of evaporation given to the refrigerant.
The temperature drops according to the minute, for example, 6 ° C cold water flows out
Is done. This cold water is sent to the cooling load for use.
The temperature rises to about 13 ° C and the cold water inlet line 16
Is flowed in. In the absorber 12, an absorber tube 25 is provided.
(It is preferable to use a multi-stage heat transfer tube group.)
You. A film evaporation promoting tube is preferably used for this tube 25 as well.
Have been. Cooling water inlet line for absorber tube 25
(Cooling water inlet pipe) Cooling of about 32 ° C led by 26
Water is supplied through the control valve 27 and the absorber tube 25
The cooling water flowing through the cooling water outlet line (cooling water outlet
Through the tube 28 to the outside. Cooling in cooling water
Tower water or water from other sources is used and
The mouth temperature is, for example, approximately 32 ° C. Absorbed in absorber 12
The solution nozzle 29 is arranged facing the container tube 25
The nozzle 29 is provided with the concentrated solution pumps 30 and 60.
The concentrated solution of lithium bromide pumped by at least one is
Supplied. This supply is performed from the concentrated solution pumps 30 and 60.
After passing through the low-temperature heat exchanger 4 via the operation valves 31 and 61,
Through a liquid line (solution pipe) 32, this line 32
Is guided through the operation valve 33 provided in the first position. Thus, the lithium bromide concentrated solution is
It is sprayed toward the tube 25. Sprayed in this way
The lithium bromide concentrated solution is formed in the evaporator 11 and
12 absorbs the refrigerant vapor flowing into it, and its concentration is diluted.
And collected at the bottom of the absorber 12. Also this absorption
The reaction heat accompanying the cooling is cooled through the inside of the absorber tube 25.
Removed by water. Therefore, this heat exchange
The temperature of the cooling water discharged to the cooling water outlet line 28 is
For example, it is about 40 ° C. Then, the concentration becomes low and the bottom of the absorber 12
Lithium bromide dilute solution collected at the bottom opens and closes at the bottom
An absorber 12 is connected by a solution pump 14 connected through a valve.
Pumped out and low through the solution line (solution piping) 35
The heat is supplied to the heat exchanger 4,
The heat is supplied to the heat exchanger 5. Circulated high-temperature heat exchanger 5
For the dilute lithium bromide solution, connect the solution line (solution piping) 36
It is supplied to the high-pressure regenerator 6 through the high-pressure regenerator 6. The second evaporator / absorber system 2 is provided with the first evaporator / absorber system 2.
It has the same configuration as the generator / absorber system 1. That is, the evaporator
41, an absorber 42, a refrigerant pump 43, and a solution pump
44. Evaporator 41 and absorber 42 are the same
(High vacuum vessel). Evaporator 4
Evaporator tube 45 (use of multi-stage heat transfer tube group)
preferable. ) Is arranged. In this tube 45
A film evaporation promoting tube is preferably used. Evaporator tube
45 also through the cold water inlet line (cold water inflow pipe) 46
Cold water is supplied, and the cold water flows through the evaporator tube 45.
Through the cold water outlet line (cold water outflow pipe) 47
Adjustment after passing through a cold water pump 48 attached to the line 47
It flows out through the valve 49 to the outside. Cold water inlet line 46
Is the cold water inlet line 16 of the first evaporator / absorber system 1
From the branch. Therefore, this cold water inlet line 4
6 also used as a cooling load
Water is given. Cold water inlet line 46 (or cold water outlet line
Inn 47 may be used. ) Is an operation that can open and close the flow path
A valve 52 is mounted. The cold water outlet lines 17 and 47 are merged.
ing. That is, the chilled water pumps 18, 4
After the discharge port 8 is individually passed through the operation valve 19 or 49,
Has been joined. Outflow line downstream from this junction
(Cold water merging pipe) 65 is connected to a cooling load. Flow
The temperature (outlet temperature) of the cold water passing through the outlet line 65 is
A cold water temperature sensor 66 for detection is attached. this
The information detected by the sensor 66 (the outlet temperature) is determined by an absorption refrigerator.
It is supplied to a controller 67 that performs overall control. Con
The roller 67 is based on information detected by the cold water temperature sensor 66.
In addition, the load of the absorption refrigerator is operated at a predetermined load or less.
Operating at a load greater than this predetermined load.
Operating load determining means for determining whether
You. Further, the controller 67 absorbs based on the outlet temperature.
Heat source amount given to the regenerator of the refrigerator (in this embodiment, steam
Amount) is adjusted appropriately. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 70 denotes first and second evaporators.
Separately for chilled water outlet lines 17 and 47 of absorber systems 1 and 2
This is a temperature sensor for detecting low temperature of cold water.
The information is also supplied to the controller 67. Controller 67
Means that the temperature sensor 70 has a predetermined low temperature, for example, 3.5 ° C. or less.
Is detected, it is determined that the cold water temperature is too low
Stop the operation of the collection refrigerator. Thereby, the first and second
Evaporator tube 15 for each evaporator / absorber system 1, 2
Forty-five freezing and puncture accidents can be prevented. FIG. 2 shows the steam of the absorption refrigerator according to this embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between a consumption rate and a load, and in the figure,
Symbol A is a rating point determined by the specifications of the absorption refrigerator.
The load at the rated point A is approximately 100%. or,
In the present embodiment, the upper limit of the low load
That is, a load slightly larger than a load of approximately 40%, for example, approximately
50% of the load is the reference value for the specified load
The load of approximately 50% is determined by the operating load determining means.
Is determined automatically. The figure
2, E indicates a low load region of approximately 40% or less, and H indicates approximately
The load range from the 50% load point to the rated point A is shown.
You. Further, G in FIG. 2 indicates a characteristic of the absorption refrigerator according to the present embodiment.
Curve G, which is approximately 50% negative.
At the load, the curve G1 in the load area F and the curve G1 in the low load area E
And a curved portion G2. And the curve shown by the dotted line in FIG.
Characteristic curve represented by a curved portion G1 and a continuous curved portion G1
The line indicates that the absorption refrigerator of this embodiment operates in both lungs as described later.
Curve G2 indicates the characteristics in the case of the present embodiment.
Operation of the absorption chiller in the low-load region E side as described below
FIG. 6 shows a characteristic curve in the case where the operation is performed. In the evaporator 41, an evaporator tube 45 is provided.
The refrigerant nozzle 50 is disposed opposite to the evaporator 4.
1 to the refrigerant pump 43 which is connected to the bottom through an on-off valve.
Therefore, the pumped refrigerant (water) is supplied to the refrigerant line (refrigerant).
The refrigerant is supplied to the refrigerant nozzle 50 through a pipe (pipe) 51. I
Therefore, in this evaporator 41, spray film evaporation
From the refrigerant nozzle 50 to the evaporator tube 45 according to the method
The refrigerant sprayed is boiled at about 4 ° C to 6 ° C and evaporates.
Cold water flowing in the evaporator tube 45 is
The temperature decreases according to the latent heat of evaporation given to the medium, for example, 6 ° C.
It is discharged as cold water. This cold water is sent to the cooling load
And used for cooling, which raises the temperature to about 13 ° C.
And returned to the cold water inlet lines 16 and 46. In the absorber 42, an absorber tube 55
(It is preferable to use a multi-stage heat transfer tube group.)
You. A film evaporation promoting tube is preferably used for this tube 55 as well.
Have been. The cooling water inlet line is connected to the absorber tube 55.
The cooling water of about 32 ° C. guided by the
Cooling water supplied through the absorber tube 55
Is discharged outside through the cooling water outlet line 28.
You. In the absorber 42, the melt is opposed to the absorber tube 55.
A liquid nozzle 59 is provided.
Pumped by at least one of the concentrated solution pumps 30, 60.
Is supplied. This supply is concentrated
Low temperature from solution pumps 30 and 60 through operation valves 31 and 61
After passing through the heat exchanger 4, it branches off from the solution line 32.
Through the solution line (solution pipe) 62
The gas is guided through an operation valve 63 provided in the valve 62. Thus, the lithium bromide concentrated solution is
It is sprayed toward the tube 45. Sprayed in this way
The lithium bromide concentrated solution is formed in the evaporator 41 and
And absorbs the refrigerant vapor flowing into it, and its concentration is diluted.
And collected at the bottom of the absorber 42. Also this absorption
The heat of reaction accompanying the cooling is cooled through the inside of the absorber tube 55.
Removed by water. Therefore, this heat exchange
The temperature of the cooling water discharged to the cooling water outlet line 28 is
For example, it is about 40 ° C. Then, the concentration becomes thin and the bottom of the absorber 42
Lithium bromide dilute solution collected at the bottom opens and closes at the bottom
An absorber 42 is connected by a solution pump 44 connected through a valve.
After being pumped out through the operating valve 64, the solution line
35, and through this line 35, a low-temperature heat exchanger
4 and further from this heat exchanger 4 to a high-temperature heat exchanger.
5 is supplied. Concentrated solution pumps 30 arranged side by side,
After the discharge port 60 has passed through the operation valve 31 or 61 individually,
And is connected to the low-temperature heat exchanger 4. The heat transfer tube 71 of the high-pressure regenerator 6
Indicates the amount of heat source from high-temperature steam
It is supplied via a control valve 72. The heat applied to the regenerator 6
The source supply is configured so that this regenerator is equipped with a gas burner.
In this case, use the fuel gas supplied to this burner
You can also. The heat transfer tube 71 is supplied to the high-pressure regenerator 6.
To heat the diluted lithium bromide solution.
Evaporating and evaporating some refrigerant from the dilute solution,
Make a medium solution in lithium bromide. Thus obtained
The solution in lithium bromide passes through the solution line (solution piping) 73.
After being supplied to the high-temperature heat exchanger 5,
The heat is supplied to the low-temperature heat exchanger 4. In the high-temperature heat exchanger 5, there is a solution line 7
Using the high temperature solution of lithium bromide returned from Step 3
And the lithium bromide dilute solution supplied from the low-temperature heat exchanger 4 side.
Heat the liquid, thereby increasing the concentration of the solution, while
Heat recovery for cooling the solution in lithium chloride is performed. And
The heat-recovered solution in lithium bromide is supplied to the low-pressure regenerator 7
High concentration lithium bromide solution
Supply to the low temperature heat exchanger 4 by the solution pump 30 or 60
After being cooled again, the absorber 12 or 42
And the solution nozzle 2 is supplied to at least one of
Sprayed from 9 or 59. On the other hand, the refrigerant vapor evaporated in the high-pressure regenerator 6
Passes through the refrigerant line (solution pipe) 75 and the low-pressure regenerator 7
Is supplied to a regenerator tube 76 of the
6 through a refrigerant line 77 to the upper part of the condenser 3.
The coolant is supplied to the provided coolant nozzle 78. With low-pressure regenerator 7
The same shell (high pressure) as the condenser 3 arranged on the upper side
(Vacuum container). The low-pressure regenerator 7 has a regenerator tube 76
Having a solution nozzle 79 disposed opposite and above the
The nozzle 79 has a low-temperature heat exchanger 4 and a high-temperature heat exchanger
5 and the solution line (solution pipe) 80 drawn out from
Through the low temperature heat exchanger 4
Liquid is supplied. The solution nozzle 79 is a solution in lithium bromide.
To the outer surface of the regenerator tube 76. for that reason,
The high temperature refrigerant vapor generated in the high pressure regenerator 6
In the lithium bromide sprayed by the greige tube 76
The concentration solution is heated. As a result, this medium concentration solution
Part of the contained refrigerant evaporates, resulting in highly concentrated lithium bromide.
A concentrated solution is produced, and the concentrated solution is supplied to the bottom of the low-pressure regenerator 7.
Stored in the department. The lithium bromide concentration in the low-pressure regenerator 7
The solution is passed through the solution merging line 81 and the solution pump 3
It is sucked into 0 or 60 and supplied to the low-temperature heat exchanger 4. Also, through the solution outlet 6a of the high pressure regenerator 6,
Through the high-temperature heat exchanger 5, the solution merging line 81 (low-pressure regenerator
The concentrated lithium bromide solution obtained in step 6 is led. )
A first flow control valve 91 is provided in the merging solution line 90.
Have been killed. The solution line 90 includes the first
A bypass flow path 92 that bypasses the flow control valve 91 is provided.
Have been. The number of the solution lines 90 is one, and
And the number of the bypass passages 92,
The number of generator / absorber systems is the same, so
The bypass passage 92 depends on the number of evaporator / absorber systems
One or more are provided. And in the bypass channel 92,
The second flow control valve 93 and the automatic opening / closing valve 94 are respectively mounted.
Have been. The opening adjustment of the first and second control valves 91 and 93 is
It is executed based on an instruction from the controller 67,
The adjustment makes the flow rate of the refrigerant in the refrigerator appropriate.
Is adjusted to Opening and closing of automatic open / close valve 94
This is executed based on an instruction from the controller 67. The automatic on-off valve 94 is connected to the predetermined load (eg,
For example, as described above, when there are two evaporator / absorber systems
Is preferably 50% load. ) Absorbs in the following low load areas
When the refrigerator is operated in one lung, it is closed and used.
Absorption cooling in the load range H from the predetermined load to the rated point A
When the chiller is operated in both lungs, it is opened and used. One lung
In operation, any of the evaporator / absorber systems 1 and 2
Use one or the other and pause the other to get the absorption refrigerator
Be driven. Negative from the predetermined load to the rated point A
In the cargo area H, bipulmonary operation is performed.
Absorption chiller is operated using both the heater and absorber systems 1 and 2
Is done. The cooling water inlet line is provided in the condenser 3.
A condenser tube 82 to which cooling water is supplied by 26 is provided.
Have been killed. The condenser 3 has an absolute pressure of 55 mmHg (about 1 mmHg).
/ 14 atm). In this condenser 3,
Refrigerant supplied through a refrigerant line 77 and a low-pressure regenerator
The refrigerant vapor that evaporates at 7 and flows into the condenser 3 is
Heat exchange with the cooling water flowing through the condenser tube 82
Cooled and condensed to become a refrigerant (water). This refrigerant is gravity and
Is sent out to the refrigerant line (refrigerant pipe) 83 by the pressure difference.
It is. Whether two refrigerant lines 83 are provided or not
As shown in FIG. 1, it is branched into two systems. One refrigerant
The inside 83a is provided with an operation valve 84 in the middle of the
The other refrigerant line 83b is connected to the
An operation valve 85 is provided on the way and connected to the other evaporator 41.
ing. Therefore, the condensate is cooled by the cooling water in the condenser 3.
The converted refrigerant is supplied to at least one of the evaporators 11 and 41.
After being supplied, the evaporator is operated by the refrigerant pump 13 or 43.
On the outer surface of the evaporator tube 15 or 45 in 11, 41
Sprayed towards. In the absorption refrigerator having the above configuration,
Operation valves 22, 31, 33, 34, 52, 61, 63, 6
4, 84 and 85 are all opened and closed using a motor as power.
Made and used to switch between single-lung operation and dual-lung operation
Control valves for controlling the flow rate.
9 is also used as a switching valve to switch between single lung operation and dual lung operation
Is done. The automatic on-off valve 94 also opens and closes using a motor as power.
Be operated. Note that this absorption refrigerator operates in heating.
Although it is not relevant in the present invention,
The description of the operation during operation is omitted. In the absorption refrigerator having the above structure, a chilled water temperature sensor is provided.
The outlet temperature of the cold water flowing through the outflow line 65 detected by 66
When the temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature, the load of the absorption refrigerator becomes
The controller 67 determines that the load is higher than the constant load (50%).
Then, based on the command from the controller 67, the absorption cooling
The chiller is operated in a double lung operating mode. That is, in this operation mode, each operating valve
22, 31, 33, 34, 52, 61, 63, 64, 8
4, 85, and the automatic open / close valve 94 etc. are all open
, So that each of the pumps 13, 14, 18, 30,
43, 44, 48, 60; condenser 3, regenerators 6, 7
With the operation of the above, the first and second evaporator / absorber systems 1,
2 are used together to cool the refrigerant and absorbent into the refrigerator.
The previously described cycle is repeated. In this way, all evaporators
In the two-lung operation using the absorber systems 1 and 2, the curve in FIG.
A line G1 and an inflection point J at a load of 50% are formed on the line G1.
Characteristic formed by a curved part G3 that continues smoothly without forming
Operating according to the sex curve, with a maximum
Exhibits freezing ability. In this case, the load is approximately 60 to 8
Operation can be performed most efficiently in the 0% region. The cold water temperature sensor 66 detects the cold water.
When the water outlet temperature is lower than the specified temperature, the absorption refrigerator
If the load of the controller 6 is lower than the predetermined load (50%), the controller 6
7 based on the instruction from the controller 67
The absorption refrigerator is one of multiple evaporator / absorber systems.
Part that uses only the part and stops other evaporator / absorber systems
It is operated in the lung operation mode. That is, in this operation mode, the first evaporation
Control valves 22, 33, 34, 8 pertaining to the absorber / absorber system 1
4. The control valves 19 and 27 and the automatic on-off valve 94
It is closed based on the instruction from the roller 67,
Each pump 13, 14, 18, and 30 is stopped. So
On the other hand, each operating valve 5 related to the second evaporator / absorber system 2
2, 61, 63, 64, 85 and control valves 49, 57
Keeps the pump closed,
3, 44, 48, and 60 are kept operating
You. Thereby, the first evaporator / absorber system 1 is stopped.
While the second evaporator / absorber system 2 is used
Pulmonary driving is performed. Note that, instead of this, the controller 67
Use the first evaporator / absorber system 1 based on the instruction of
And one lung to suspend the second evaporator / absorber system 2
Driving can also be performed. Also, the first and second evaporators
Each operation for one of the absorber systems 1 and 2
Even if valve operation and control valve are omitted, the above-mentioned single lung operation and double lung
It is possible to switch between
The number of applications is reduced, simplifying the refrigerator configuration and reducing costs
It is possible. However, as in this embodiment, each evaporator and suction
Operation mode and control valve are provided for all
In the configuration in which the mode is switched, low-load operation is
And alternately use the first and second evaporator / absorber systems 1 and 2.
Available, only some evaporator / absorber systems are
Used to prevent it from deteriorating faster than other systems.
In addition, it is excellent in that the durability of the entire refrigerator is high. As described above, when the load is less than 50%
At this time, the regenerator 6,
From the 7 side to the first and second evaporator / absorber systems 1 and 2
The refrigerant that recirculates is supplied only to the second evaporator / absorber system 2.
Be paid. As a result, the refrigerant returned to the evaporator 41 is dispersed.
Since the cloth amount is kept constant, the performance of the evaporator 41 is low.
Absorber 4 paired with evaporator 41 as well as no bottom
The circulation amount of the lithium bromide solution for 2 is increased. That is, in the absorption refrigerator, the load is reduced.
Reduces the circulation of lithium bromide solution in the absorption refrigerator
And also reduce the heat transfer area of the absorber.
ing. The absorber tube group (absorber tube) has a load of 100
% To optimize the amount of lithium bromide solution circulated
50% in this design as already described
When the circulation amount of lithium bromide drops below the load of
One lung operation, absorption of one side not used in this operation
The supply of the lithium bromide solution to the vessel 12 is stopped. That
Therefore, all lithium bromide solutions circulating in the refrigerator
One tube group of absorber 42 used in lung operation
, The bromide per one tube group of the absorber 42
The circulation amount of the lithium solution can be doubled. Therefore, the absorber tube of the absorber 42
55 is suppressed from drying out, and its heat transfer surface can be used effectively.
The absorption performance of the absorber 42 is suppressed.
Is controlled to a low load range (steam exceeding the rated point A level C).
It is a load area that requires a consumption rate, and the load in FIG.
Lower load zone F. ) Can improve the efficiency of the refrigerator. In changing the operation mode,
For example, when the load changes from 45% to 55%,
The transition from lung operation to single lung operation or vice versa is repeated.
May be returned and lack control stability. So, the real
Specifically, when the load increases to 50% or more, for example,
Lung operation is performed, and both lung operations are performed at a load of 40% or less.
Even if the load falls, it is maintained excessively and the load becomes 40% or less.
Controller 6 to shift to single lung operation
It is desirable to adopt a configuration in which control is performed by the control unit 7. Like this
This eliminates chattering in control and reduces
Fixed control is possible. By the way, for one-lung operation in the above low load range,
In this case, the evaporator and suction
As the heat transfer area of the collector system is halved, this one-lung operation
Odor flowing through the second evaporator / absorber system 2 used at times
The concentration of lithium chloride solution may increase
This was proved as a result of the verification test. However, the absorption of the above configuration
The refrigerator is provided in communication with the solution outlet 6a of the high-pressure regenerator 6.
The solution line 90 which is merged into the solution merging line 81
The automatic on-off valve 94 of the bypass passage 92 to be bypassed is
Close during lung operation, reduce the solution flow rate appropriately, and
Can be adjusted to the partial load (low load)
Wear. That is, the lithium bromide led to the solution merging line 81
Medium concentration of lithium bromide in medium concentration
The combined flow rate of the solution decreases,
Lithium bromide solution sent to absorber 42 by pump 60
The concentration of the liquid can be reduced. Lithium bromide like this
One-lung operation by adjusting the concentration in accordance with the
For the second evaporator-absorber system 2 that is sometimes used
Check the amount of lithium bromide solution in the refrigerator.
Can be improved to meet the concentration balance of It
Thus, the efficiency of the absorption refrigerator can be improved. As described above, the absorption refrigerator having the above-described structure is
In the load area, the transition from bilungary operation to single-lung operation
The evaporator 4 of the evaporator / absorber system used at that time
1 and the performance of the absorber 42 are prevented from decreasing, and the steam consumption rate is reduced.
Deterioration can be prevented. The steam consumption rate at such partial load
The improvement is indicated by the curve G2 in FIG. Then, as described above, one-lung operation is performed from both-lung operation.
The transition to the reverse or vice versa
Outflow that merges cold water supplied to cooling load from plants 1 and 2
The chilled water temperature sensor 66 attached to the line 65 detects this outflow.
The temperature of the cold water passing through the line 65 is detected and the detected temperature
It is determined whether or not the vehicle is in a low load region based on the determination. So
Therefore, the predetermined load that is set as a reference for operation switching
It can be easily determined and based on the load,
In addition, both lung driving and single lung driving can be performed. As described above, the operation depends on the magnitude of the load.
Absorption refrigerator of the above configuration used by switching the rotation mode
Divided the evaporator / absorber system into two systems,
Large capacity so that the force is 5000RT
You. Therefore, the single-unit evaporator and condenser are each large
To improve the refrigeration capacity to 5000RT
The evaporators 11 and 4 of both evaporator / absorber systems 1 and 2
1 and the absorbers 12 and 42 can be made smaller,
1. Making the second evaporator / absorber system 1, 2 small
Can be. Accordingly, a single-unit evaporator and condenser are provided.
Refrigeration compared to increasing the capacity of each
The installation space of the entire machine is small. By the way, frozen
Installation of the absorption refrigerator according to this embodiment with a capacity of 5000 RT
The area is 74.1m ^Two This is about 25 times that of the conventional model.
% Space saving. Further, as described above, the first and second evaporators
Absorber systems 1 and 2 are combined with a single-unit evaporator and condenser.
Smaller than when increasing the capacity by increasing the size
These evaporator / absorber systems 1, 2
Is easy to make, and its transportation and installation location
Can be easily delivered. The absorption refrigerator has a high-pressure regenerator 6.
Heat source amount supplied to the heater, in the case of this embodiment, heat source amount adjustment
Increase the amount of hot source steam supplied through valve 72
By increasing the amount of heating of the lithium bromide solution,
And evaporate from the evaporators 11 and 41 to supply the load.
The temperature of the supplied cold water can be reduced. Conversely,
By reducing the amount of heat source steam supplied to the high pressure regenerator 6,
Reduce the heating of the lithium bromide solution to reduce the concentration of this solution.
Thinned out and supplied to the load from the evaporators 11 and 41
The temperature of cold water can be raised. Thereby cooling
Set the cold water temperature for the load to the set temperature (for example, 6 ° C)
I have. Supply amount of heat source steam to regenerator as described above
The control is based on the opening of the heat source control valve 72 by the controller 67.
This control is used to detect the chilled water outlet temperature.
It has been done based on. And first and second evaporator / absorber systems
Switch between two-lung operation and single-lung operation according to the situation
In the absorption chiller of the replacement configuration, the cold water of both systems 1 and 2
Outlet lines 17, 47 are merged so that
Cold water mixed and temperature averaged towards cooling load
A chilled water temperature sensor 66 is attached to the flowing outflow line 65
In addition, the cold water discharge, which is the basic data of the heat source steam supply amount control,
Mouth temperature is detected. Therefore, after merging,
The piping configuration can be simplified, and both systems 1, 2
There is no need to provide a separate chilled water temperature sensor
Of the cold water temperature sensor 66 can be used in common.
Is easy. In addition, this common use makes it possible to operate both lungs.
Information of the chilled water outlet temperature
Therefore, the configuration of the controller 67 is simple and its heat source supply
It can be easily controlled. In other words, both systems are essentially single units
The chilled water outflow lines 17 and 47 of the first and the second are completed
If these are independent configurations, attach them separately
Different chilled water outlet temperature detected by the detected temperature sensor
Based on this, the heat source supply amount is controlled. Therefore, both lungs
During operation, they are separately discharged from both systems 1 and 2 to load
Calculation such as averaging the temperature information of the supplied chilled water
An arithmetic circuit for performing
It gets complicated. However, the absorption refrigerator having the above-described configuration is
Mix the cold water discharged separately from both systems 1 and 2
And the chilled water temperature sensor
Is detected by the controller 67.
The above operation can be eliminated. As described above, the present invention provides an evaporator,
Equipped with an absorber, a regenerator, and a condenser, and using water as the refrigerant
Both use a lithium bromide solution as the absorbent and
In the absorption chiller driven by the evaporator, the evaporator
A refrigerant pump for supplying a refrigerant to a refrigerant nozzle of the generator,
Absorber and low concentration lithium bromide solution in the absorber
Evaporator having a solution pump for supplying the regenerator side
While providing multiple absorber systems, multiple
Using some of the above evaporator / absorber systems
In both cases, the other system is stopped and operated, and
In a load area larger than the load,
Using at least some of the
A switching valve for operation is provided, so operation is
Lithium bromide flowing through some evaporator / absorber systems
A large flow rate of the system solution can be secured. This, in particular,
Prevents the absorber tube of the used absorber from drying out.
To reduce the absorption performance of the absorber.
The efficiency of the entire refrigerator in the load region can be improved. And the book
In the invention, a plurality of evaporator / absorber systems are provided,
To increase the capacity of each evaporator and condenser
Obtain the same or better performance with multiple evaporator / absorber systems
Individual evaporator / absorber system
Single unit evaporator and condensing as it can be made
Compared to the case of increasing the size of each vessel and improving the capacity,
The installation space for the entire chiller is small. Furthermore, the present invention
Then, the single-unit evaporator and condenser are each made larger and
Compared to the case of improving the power, individual steam
Since the generator / absorber system can be made smaller,
The evaporator / absorber system becomes easier to make,
The transportation and delivery to the installation location are also facilitated. That
In addition, according to the present invention, a load is supplied from a plurality of evaporator / absorber systems.
The chilled water to be sent is combined, and the outlet temperature of the combined chilled water is
Temperature with a chilled water temperature sensor to supply heat to the regenerator.
Since the supply is controlled by the controller, the chilled water temperature sensor
A single unit is required, and the detected chilled water outlet temperature is controlled.
No need to perform calculations with rollers, simplifying controller configuration
Absorption refrigeration that is easy to control
Machine can be provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an absorption refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between a steam consumption rate and a load in the absorption refrigerator of FIG. FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between a steam consumption rate and a load in a conventional absorption refrigerator. [Description of Signs] 1, 2 ... Evaporator / absorber system 3 ... Condenser 4 ... Low temperature heat exchanger 5 ... High temperature heat exchanger 6 ... High pressure regenerator 7 ... Low pressure regenerator 11, 41 ... Evaporators 12, 42 ... absorbers 13, 43 ... refrigerant pumps 14, 44 ... solution pumps 15, 45 ... evaporator tubes 17, 47 ... cold water outlet lines (cold water outflow pipes) 18, 48 ... cold water pumps 19, 49 ... control valves (switching valves) 20, 50 ... Refrigerant nozzle 22, 52 ... Operating valve (switching valve) 29, 59 ... Solution nozzle 30, 60 ... Concentrated solution pump 31, 61 ... Operating valve (switching valve) 33, 63, 64 ... Operating valve (switching valve) 65: Outflow line (cold water merging pipe) 66: Cold water temperature sensor 67 ... Controller 72: Heat source amount adjusting valve 81 ... Solution merging line 83 ... Refrigerant lines 84, 85 ... Operating valves (switching valves)

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Nobuaki Yamauchi 2-1-1, Aramachi-cho, Niihama, Takasago City, Hyogo Prefecture Inside the Takasago Works, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. No. 1 Inside Takasago Works, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (56) References JP-A-3-233266 (JP, A) JP-A-4-139360 (JP, A) JP-A-5-196277 (JP, A) JP 2001 −91087 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F25B 15/00 303 F25B 15/00 306

Claims (1)

(57) Claims 1. An evaporator in which a refrigerant is sprayed from the refrigerant nozzle to an evaporator tube having a refrigerant nozzle and through which cold water flows, thereby evaporating and evaporating the refrigerant to form refrigerant vapor. When,
An absorber having a solution nozzle and absorbing the refrigerant vapor generated in the evaporator into a lithium bromide solution having a high concentration sprayed from the solution nozzle; and lithium bromide absorbing the refrigerant vapor and having a low concentration. A regenerator that heats the solution to evaporate the refrigerant in the solution to evaporate the concentrated lithium bromide solution to the absorber, and a refrigerant condensed and liquefied by condensing refrigerant vapor generated in the regenerator. A condenser for supplying a refrigerant to the evaporator, the refrigerant nozzle, the absorber, and the low-concentration lithium bromide solution in the absorber. And a plurality of evaporator / absorber systems having a solution pump for supplying the evaporator / absorber system to the regenerator side. Driving In a load region larger than the predetermined load, a switching valve that operates using both the partial system and at least a partial system of the suspended system, and the evaporator / absorber system includes: A chilled water temperature sensor that detects an outlet temperature of the chilled water to which the chilled water outflow pipes respectively joined and sent to a cooling load; and adjusts a heat source supply amount to the regenerator based on the outlet temperature detected by the sensors. An absorption refrigerator comprising: