JP3319609B2 - Fuel cell - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a stacked fuel cell capable of efficiently flowing a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas, and more particularly, to uniformizing the oxidation-reduction reaction on an electrolyte plate,
The present invention relates to a stacked fuel cell capable of achieving a uniform voltage distribution and a distribution of reaction product water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A fuel cell is generally formed by laminating unit cells each comprising an electrolyte plate and anodes and cathodes provided on both sides thereof with a separator interposed therebetween.

[0003] The reaction gas comprises a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas, and the fuel gas is supplied to the anode side of the separator.
On the other hand, an oxidant gas is supplied to the cathode side of the separator. As a result of the supply of such a reaction gas, electrons are generated with the progress of the electrochemical reaction, and the electrons are extracted to an external circuit to generate electric energy.

In such a so-called stacked fuel cell, a space is provided around the periphery of the stacked body, and a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas flow between the opposed spaces. .

However, in the case of the fuel cell having such a configuration, since the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas flow only in one direction on each electrolyte plate, the contact time between the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas is short. It was found that a region having a long contact time was formed, and the oxidation-reduction reaction occurred unevenly even in the same plane, resulting in uneven temperature and voltage. For this reason, the power generation efficiency of the entire fuel cell decreases.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the above circumstances,
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-147664 discloses a unit battery including a pair of electrode plates opposed to each other with an electrolyte plate interposed therebetween, in order to overcome the problem of uneven distribution of temperature and voltage.
In a reaction gas supply method for a fuel cell in which a reaction gas flows between the electrode plate and the separator of a fuel cell in which a plurality of the fuel cells are stacked with a separator interposed therebetween, the reaction gas has a plurality of alternately facing directions. Disclosed is a method characterized in that the streams are circulated to form a stream, and adjacent counter-streams are separated and independent of one another.

[0007] However, in the fuel cell using this reaction gas supply method, the reaction gas supply mechanism and piping are complicated because the reaction gas is alternately circulated, and the volume and weight of the whole fuel cell are reduced. There is a problem of increasing.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell having a simple reaction gas supply mechanism and high power generation efficiency.

Another object of the present invention is to equalize the temperature distribution and the voltage distribution on the surface of the electrolyte plate by adjusting the flow rates (flow rates) of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas on the surface of the electrolyte plate. It is to provide a fuel cell that can be used.

[0010]

In view of the above, as a result of intensive studies, the present inventor has found that a fuel comprising a laminated body in which a unit cell comprising an electrolyte plate and anodes and cathodes provided on both sides thereof is laminated with a separator interposed therebetween. In the battery, a fuel gas flow path region including a plurality of grooves is provided on one surface of the separator so as to communicate each of a plurality of pairs of fuel gas through holes provided in a stacking direction provided in a peripheral portion of the separator. The oxidizing gas flow path comprising a plurality of grooves on the other surface of the separator so as to communicate with each of the plurality of pairs of oxidizing gas through holes provided in the peripheral direction of the separator and penetrating in the stacking direction. A first partition is provided on one side of the separator so as to separate adjacent fuel gas flow paths, and a separator is provided so as to separate adjacent oxidant gas flow paths. By providing the second partition on the other surface of the data, the flow of the gas flowing through each flow path area can be separated and independent, thereby making the oxidation-reduction reaction on the electrolyte plate substantially uniform. Discovered that you can. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

[0011] That is, the fuel cell of the present invention comprises a unit cell composed of an anode and a cathode provided with on both sides of the electrolyte plate from the laminate was laminated via a separator, before Symbol separator in turn the first, second , Third and fourth
Has a square shape having a periphery, a (a) first and third pairs of fuel gas through-holes of the penetrating in the laminating direction provided in the peripheral portion opposite the separator, first
Gas through-holes provided in the periphery of the
To the fuel pipe, and the fuel
Gas gas through hole communicates with fuel gas exhaust pipe
A fuel gas through hole, the opposite of (b) the separator
Second and fourth peripheral parts (perpendicular to the first and third peripheral parts)
A plurality of pairs oxidant gas through holes of the penetrating in the laminating direction provided to) oxide provided on the second peripheral portion
The through hole for the oxidizing gas communicates with the pipe for the inflow of the oxidizing gas.
The through-hole for oxidant gas provided in the fourth peripheral part
Oxygen gas penetration through the oxidant gas discharge pipe
Holes , (c) a fuel gas flow path region comprising a plurality of grooves provided on one surface of the separator so as to communicate each of the opposed pairs of the fuel gas through holes, and (d) the oxidation Agent
An oxidizing gas flow path area comprising a plurality of grooves provided on the other surface of the separator so as to allow each of the opposed pairs of gas through holes to communicate with each other, and (e) a flow path area for the adjacent fuel gas. A first partition provided on one surface of the separator so as to separate (f) a second partition provided on the other surface of the separator so as to separate the adjacent oxidant gas flow path region. And a second partition wall, whereby the flow rate of gas flowing through each flow path region of the separator can be adjusted independently . With this configuration, each fuel gas through hole
Gas and oxidant flowing into the through hole for each oxidant gas
Separating the flow rate of the agent gas
Multiple fuel gas flow paths (each with multiple grooves).
) And a plurality of oxidant gas passage areas (each
Independent flow rates of fuel gas and oxidizing gas
Can be different.

In the above fuel cell, each separator is 1
Sheets of separators and frame plates provided on both sides of the separators
And a surface of the first frame plate on one surface side of the separator.
The surface is provided with a plurality of grooves communicating with each fuel gas through hole.
And the first frame plate inside the first frame plate.
First having a plurality of grooves communicating with the plurality of grooves on the frame plate
Is provided, the first porous carbon
Between each fuel gas channel area consisting of multiple grooves on the base plate
Because it is the first partition, each fuel gas flow path area
The flow rate of the flowing fuel gas can be adjusted independently.
And the surface of the second frame plate on the other surface side of the separator.
Multiple grooves are provided on the surface to communicate with each through hole for oxidant gas
And the second frame plate is provided inside the second frame plate.
Having a plurality of grooves communicating with the plurality of grooves on the frame plate
A second porous carbon plate is provided, and the second porous carbon plate is provided.
Between each oxidant gas channel area consisting of multiple grooves on the carbon plate
Is the second partition, so each oxidant gas flow path
The flow rate of the oxidizer gas flowing through the
Can be.

[0013] A fuel cell according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Are the electrolyte plate and the anode and cathode provided on both sides of the electrolyte plate.
Stack of unit batteries consisting of
The separator is composed of a first, a second and a third in order.
And a quadrilateral shape having a fourth peripheral portion, (a) in the first and third peripheral portions facing the separator
Multiple pairs of fuel gas penetrations penetrating in the provided stacking direction
Holes for fuel gas penetration provided in the first peripheral portion
The hole communicates with the fuel gas inlet pipe and
The fuel gas through hole provided in the section is
A through hole for fuel gas communicating with the flop, (b) the second and fourth peripheral portion opposing the separator
(Perpendicular to the first and third peripheral portions)
Multiple pairs of oxidant gas through holes penetrating in the stacking direction
The through-hole for oxidant gas provided in the second peripheral part
To the fourth peripheral area.
The provided oxidant gas through hole is a oxidant gas discharge pipe.
Oxidant gas through hole communicating with the flop, to communicate the pair of the opposing (c) the fuel gas through hole
A plurality of grooves provided on one surface of the separator
And (d) communicating the opposed pairs of the oxidizing gas through-holes with each other.
A plurality of separators provided on the other surface of the separator.
(E) before separating the adjacent oxidant gas flow path region comprising the groove,
A first partition wall provided on one surface of the separator, and (f) separating the adjacent oxidant gas flow path region.
A second partition provided on the other surface of the separator;
Flow through the fuel gas through hole in the first peripheral portion.
The flow rate of the fuel gas is increased in order from the second peripheral portion side.
So that the fuel flowing through the fuel gas inflow pipe
While adjusting the gas flow rate, the second peripheral part
Gas flow through the oxidant gas through hole
The oxidation is performed so as to increase sequentially from the first peripheral side.
The flow rate of the oxidizing gas flowing through the oxidizing gas inflow pipe
By doing so, the gas flowing through each flow path area of the separator is
The flow rate of the electrolyte separately and independently
Characterized in that the oxidation-reduction reaction in Homogene is substantially uniform
And With this configuration, the flow rate of the reactant gas on the electrolyte plate
By controlling the distribution independently in multiple regions
Temperature, voltage and distribution of reaction water
Can be.

In the fuel cell of the preferred embodiment,
Each separator is installed on one separator and on both sides of the separator.
One side of the separator
On the surface of the first frame plate
Number of grooves are provided, and the first frame plate
A plurality of inwardly communicating with a plurality of grooves on the first frame plate;
A first porous carbon plate having a groove is provided,
Each fuel gas comprising a plurality of grooves on the first porous carbon plate
The first partition between the flow passage areas
Separate and independent flow rate of fuel gas flowing through the feed gas passage area
Adjusting and a second frame plate on the other side of the separator
Multiple grooves communicating with the through holes for oxidant gas
Along with being provided, the inside of the second frame plate
Having a plurality of grooves communicating with the plurality of grooves on the second frame plate
A second porous carbon plate is provided.
Channel area for each oxidizing gas consisting of multiple grooves in porous carbon plate
Is used as the second partition wall for each oxidizing gas.
Separately and independently adjust the flow rate of the oxidizing gas flowing through the flow path area
Can be

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention has a plurality of square electrolyte plates 1 and a plurality of square separators 2 which are alternately stacked, as shown in FIG. , 4 is attached,
The whole is fixed by screws 5, 5,....

As shown in FIG. 2, each of the electrolyte plates 1 has a plurality (three in this embodiment) of openings 11a at each peripheral portion.
To 11 m. Openings 12, 12,... For fixing with screws 5, 5,...

The electrolyte plate 1 may be made of any material as long as it has a conductivity of H ⁺ ions and electrons generated by an electrochemical reaction. However, in order to make the electrolyte plate 1 thinner, Nafion 117 is used. It is preferable that a thin layer of Pt is formed on a conductive polymer film by sputtering or the like, and an electrode catalyst layer is formed thereon. Nafion 117 is a type of ion exchange membrane having a structure represented by the following formula (1) or (2).

Embedded image However, the source of (1) is JP-A No. 62-195855, and the source of (2) is "Chemical One Point 8 Fuel Cell", published by Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd., pp. 55-56.

The electrode catalyst layer is preferably formed by dispersing platinum powder, carbon black or the like in a Nafion solution and applying it on a Pt sputtered thin film.

As shown in FIG. 3, each separator 2 has a square separating plate 21 and a square frame-like plate member fixed to both sides thereof via packings 22, 22 (hereinafter, simply referred to as a "frame plate"). ) 23 and 24. As shown in FIG. 4, the opening 11 of the electrolyte plate 1 is
a to 11 m, a plurality of openings 21 a to 2
1 m is formed. Screw holes 25,... Are provided at the four corners and the like, similarly to the electrolyte plate 1.

As shown in FIG. 5A, a plurality of openings 23a to 23m are formed in the periphery of each frame plate 23 at positions corresponding to the openings 21a to 21m of the separator 21. I have. Openings 23d, 23e, 23f and 23m, 23m, 23
k, 23j and a plurality of grooves 27 communicating between each inner side
d, 27e, 27f and 27m, 27k, 27j are formed, and these grooves form flow paths through which gas (for example, fuel gas) flows in contact with the electrolyte plate 1. Openings 26 for screw fixing are provided at four corners and the like.

As shown in FIG. 5 (b), another frame plate 24
Has the same structure, but the openings communicating with the grooves are formed by the openings 23d, 23e, 23f and 23m,
Opening 2 facing in a direction orthogonal to 3k, 23j
4a, 24b, 24c and 24g, 24h, 24i. Openings 29 for screw fixing are provided at four corners and the like. The openings of the separator 21 and the frame plates 23 and 24 are aligned with each other to form openings 2a to 2m penetrating the separator 2.

The frame plates 23 and 24 are used for the packing 2.
The separator 2 fixed to the separator 21 via the first and second separators 2 and 22 has a structure as shown in FIG. 6 when viewed in the AA section of FIG. 3, and in FIG. 7 when viewed in the BB section of FIG. The structure is as shown in FIG. 8 when viewed in a cross section taken along line CC of FIG. That is, in the peripheral part of the separator 2, the openings 2a to 2c, 2d to 2f, 2g to 2i, and 2j to 2m respectively penetrate the separator. These openings 2
The through holes 6a to 6m formed of a to 2m extend in the fuel cell stacking direction, and the through holes 6a to 6c and 6g to 6i constitute a plurality of pairs of gas (for example, fuel gas) through holes 6A and 6B. , Through holes 6d to 6f and 6j to 6m constitute through holes 6C and 6D for another plurality of pairs of gases (for example, oxidant gas).
In the BB section shown in FIG. 7, a groove 27 is formed in the frame plate 23, and in the CC section shown in FIG. 8, a groove 28 is formed in the frame plate 24.

For this reason, one of the reaction gases (for example, fuel gas) flows into the openings 2a, 2b, 2c,
When the other of the reaction gases (for example, oxidant gas) flows into d, 2e, and 2f, the fuel gas flows under the separator 21 and the oxidant gas flows above the separator 21 in FIG. Will be. Electrolyte plate 1 and separator 2
Are alternately stacked, so that the fuel gas flows on the upper side of the electrolyte plate 1 and the oxidizing gas flows on the lower side in a direction orthogonal to the electrolyte plate 1. As described above, since a different reaction gas always flows on both sides of each electrolyte plate 1, each cell is a single cell (cell).
Is configured.

As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, porous carbon plates 7 and 8 are inserted into the central openings of the frame plates 23 and 24, respectively. The porous carbon plates 7 and 8 are frame plates 2
It is almost the same size as the central openings 3 and 24, and its thickness is also the same as the height of each frame plate 23, 24 + the packing 22.

Each of the porous carbon plates 7 and 8 has a plurality of grooves 7.
, 8c, ... are formed,
Partition walls 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b are formed at positions corresponding to the positions between the openings 23a to 23m, 24a to 24m. As the partition walls 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, a porous carbon plate provided with a partially dense portion can be used. As will be described later, since the partition walls 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b are present, the through holes 6a including the openings 2a to 2m are provided.
By adjusting the flow rate of the reaction gas flowing into the porous carbon plate, the flow rate of the reaction gas flowing on the porous carbon plate can be controlled.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, one side of the manifold 3 is provided with a fuel gas inflow pipe 31,.
Is attached, and a pipe 32 for discharging reaction water and excess oxidant gas is provided on the adjacent side surface.
・ Attached. On the other hand, pipes 41,... For inflow of the oxidizing gas are attached to one side face of the manifold 4 (opposite to the pipes 32,. The side) is provided with a pipe 42 for discharging surplus fuel gas.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the manifold 3 taken along the line DD.
As is apparent from (a), the manifold 3 is provided with holes 3a, 3b, 3c communicating with the pipes 31,... and holes 3j, 3k, 3m communicating with the pipes 32,. , Holes 3a, 3b, 3c are through holes 6a, 6
The holes 3j, 3k, and 3m communicate with the through holes 6j, 6k, and 6m, respectively. Similarly, the manifold 4 has holes 4d, 4e, 4f to which the pipe 41 is connected.
And holes 4g, 4h, 4i to which the pipe 42 is connected, and the holes 4d, 4e, 4f are through holes 6d, respectively.
The holes 4g, 4h, and 4i communicate with the through holes 6g, 6h, and 6i, respectively.

The other end of the pipe 31 is connected to a variable fuel gas flow device 51, and the other end of the pipe 41 is connected to a variable oxidant gas flow device 52. The other end of the pipe 32 is connected to a variable flow rate device 53 for discharged reaction water or the like, and the other end of the pipe 42 is connected to a variable flow rate device 54 of the discharged fuel gas.
It is connected to. In each flow rate variable device, the flow rate of the reaction gas flowing through each pipe can be adjusted.

The fuel cell having the above configuration can be operated as follows. First, the holes 3a to 3 of the manifold 3 are passed through the pipes 31,.
c, the fuel gas flows into
Through the pipes 41,... And the hole 4d of the manifold 4
The oxidant gas flows into 〜4f. Note that hydrogen gas is preferable as the fuel gas, and air is preferable as the oxidant gas.

The fuel gas flows into the fuel gas through holes 6 a, 6 b, 6 c penetrating the fuel cell in the stacking direction, and in each separator 2, the groove portions 28 a, 28 of the frame plate 24.
b, 28c, flows laterally through the groove of the porous carbon plate housed in the recess of the separator, and passes through each fuel gas through the grooves 28g, 28h, 28i of the frame plate on the opposite side. It flows into the holes 6g, 6h, 6i. Since the splitting of the fuel gas occurs on all the separators 2, all the fuel gas eventually flows on the porous carbon plate on one side of the electrolyte plate 1 by the separator.

On the other hand, the oxidizing gas flows into the respective oxidizing gas through holes 6d, 6e, 6f penetrating the fuel cell in the stacking direction, and in each separator 2, the groove portions 27d,
Each of the oxidizing gases is divided in the lateral direction through 27e and 27f, flows in the groove of the porous carbon plate housed in the recess of the separator, and flows through the grooves 27j, 27k, and 27m of the frame plate 23 on the opposite side. Flows into the through holes 6j, 6k, 6m.
As in the case of the fuel gas, all the oxidizing gas flows on the porous carbon plate on the other side of the electrolyte plate 1 by the separator.

The fuel gas and the oxidizing gas diffuse in the porous carbon plates 8 and 7, respectively, and reach the electrolyte plate 1, where an electrochemical reaction occurs. This typically involves H ₂ and O ₂
In the case of H ₂ , H ₂ is separated into H ⁺ and e ⁻ , H ⁺ ions are conducted through the electrolyte plate 1 and reach the O ₂ side, and H ₂ + 1 / 2O ₂ → H _{2 on} the surface of the electrolyte plate 1. As the reaction of O occurs, electrons are taken out of the terminal of the fuel cell as a current.

The fuel gas inlet and the oxidant gas inlet are provided on different sides in the fuel cell stacking direction, respectively. However, this is because the temperature distribution and the voltage distribution in the fuel cell stacking direction are different. This is for preventing uniformity.

In general, when the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are flowed at a uniform flow rate, as shown in FIG. 14, the longer the contact time between the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas, the higher the temperature and voltage. And the voltage distribution becomes non-uniform. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 15, the distribution of the reaction product water becomes non-uniform similarly to the distribution of the temperature and the voltage.

In order to solve this problem, in the fuel cell of the present invention, each of the porous carbon plates 7 and 8 corresponds to the number of fuel gas through holes and oxidant gas through holes on each side. A plurality of partition walls 7a and 7b are divided into regions.
And 8a and 8b are formed, so that the flow rate of the reaction gas in each area of the porous carbon plates 7 and 8 can be controlled by a flow rate variable device, thereby preventing the above distribution unevenness.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11, the flow rate of the fuel gas is increased in the order of F _H1 , F _H2 , and F _H3 , and the flow rate of the oxidizing gas is also increased in the order of F _O1 , F _O2 , and F _O3 . Enlarge. In this way, as shown in FIG. 13, the electrolyte plate is divided into nine regions 11 to 33 with respect to the flow rate of the reaction gas. Since the contact time (oxidation-reduction reaction time) increases in the direction from the region 11 to the region 33, if the flow rate (flow velocity) of the reaction gas is increased accordingly, the contact time (oxidation-reduction reaction time) is substantially reduced between the regions. Will be the same. Therefore, as schematically shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the temperature, the voltage, and the distribution of the reaction water are made uniform.

In the above embodiment, the case where the fuel gas through-hole and the oxidizing gas through-hole each consist of three pairs of through-holes has been described. However, the number of through-holes is not limited to this, It can be appropriately selected according to the required level of uniformity. If a temperature sensor is provided on the porous carbon plate electrode, the flow rate of the reaction gas is adjusted so that the temperature distribution becomes uniform so that the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas flowing into the fuel gas through-hole and the oxidizing gas through-hole respectively. By independently controlling the flow rates of the oxidizing gas, the flow rates of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas flowing through each fuel gas flow path area and each oxidizing gas flow path area of the separator become independently different, Therefore, the flow distribution of the reactive gas on the porous carbon plate,
Independently controlled in a plurality of areas. Therefore, there is an advantage that the distribution of temperature, voltage and reaction product water on the electrolyte plate can be made uniform.

[0038]

As described above in detail, in the fuel cell according to the present invention, the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are respectively diverted to the fuel gas through-holes and the oxidizing gas through-holes, respectively. Since the oxidizing gas flows through each fuel gas flow path area and each oxidizing gas flow path area separately and independently, the utilization efficiency of the reaction gas increases,
This is advantageous for miniaturization of the entire fuel cell.

In addition, by independently controlling the flow rates of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas flowing into each fuel gas through-hole and each oxidizing gas through-hole, a plurality of fuel gas flow path areas ( Each comprising a plurality of grooves) and a plurality of oxidant gas flow path regions (each comprising a plurality of grooves)
The flow rates of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas flowing through the electrolyte plate are made different independently, so that the flow distribution of the reactant gas on the electrolyte plate is controlled independently in a plurality of regions. Therefore, there is an advantage that the distribution of temperature, voltage and reaction product water on the electrolyte plate can be made uniform. In this case, if the number of fuel gas through holes and oxidant gas through holes on one side (the number of fuel gas passage areas and oxidant gas passage areas accordingly) is increased, the temperature, voltage and reaction A more strict homogenization of the generated water distribution can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view showing the overall configuration of a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an electrolyte plate used in the fuel cell of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a separator used in the fuel cell of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a center separator of the separator of FIG. 3;

5 shows a pair of frame plates used for the separator of FIG. 3,
4A is a bottom view showing a frame plate provided on the upper side in FIG. 3, and FIG. 4B is a plan view showing a frame plate provided on a lower side in FIG.

6 is a cross-sectional view of the separator of FIG. 3 taken along line AA.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the separator of FIG. 3 taken along line BB.

8 is a cross-sectional view of the separator of FIG. 3 taken along line CC.

FIG. 9 shows a porous carbon plate placed on both sides of an electrolyte plate in a state of being accommodated in a concave portion of a separator, and FIG.
It is a bottom view which shows the porous carbon plate accommodated in the separator of (a), and (b) is a top view which shows the porous carbon plate accommodated in the separator of FIG.5 (b).

10 shows the internal structure of both manifolds of the fuel cell, FIG. 10 (a) is a sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. 1, and FIG.
It is -E sectional drawing.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a flow rate, a temperature, and a voltage distribution of a reaction gas on an electrolyte plate of the fuel cell of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a flow rate of a reaction gas and reaction water on an electrolyte plate of the fuel cell of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing a region divided by a flow rate of a reaction gas in an electrolyte plate of a fuel cell of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing temperature and voltage distributions on an electrolyte plate when a reaction gas flows at a uniform flow rate.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a distribution of reaction product water on an electrolyte plate when a reaction gas flows at a uniform flow rate.

[Contents of correction] [Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electrolyte plate 2 ... Separator 3, 4 ... Manifold 6a-6c, 6g-6i ... Fuel gas through-hole 6d-6f, 6j-6m ... Oxidant gas through-hole 7 , 8: porous carbon plate 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b: partition wall 7c, 8c: groove portion 11a to 11c, 11g to 11i: opening portion for forming a through hole for fuel gas 11d to 11f , 11j to 11m: Openings for forming oxidant gas through holes 21a to 21c, 21g to 21i: Openings for forming fuel gas through holes 21d to 21f, 21j to 21m: Oxidant Openings for forming gas through holes 23a to 23c, 23g to 23i: Openings for forming fuel gas through holes 23d to 23f, 23j to 23m: Openings for forming oxidant gas through holes 24a to 24c, 2 g to 24i: openings forming fuel gas through holes 24d to 24f, 24j to 24m: openings forming oxidizing gas through holes 27d to 27f, 27j to 27m: oxidizing gas Grooves communicating with the flow path area 28a to 28c, 28g to 28i Grooves communicating with the fuel gas flow path area 31, 32, 41, 42 Pipe 51-54 Flow rate variable device

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-57-199182 (JP, A) JP-A-58-164156 (JP, A) JP-A-1-176669 (JP, A) JP-A-62-90871 (JP) JP-A-3-43662 (JP, A) JP-A-62-97269 (JP, A) JP-A-1-258365 (JP, A) JP-A-3-98269 (JP, A) 63-236264 (JP, A) JP-A-62-86670 (JP, A) JP-A-62-55873 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H01M 8/00 -8/24

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A Ri Do from the electrolyte plate and the laminate was laminated via a separator unit cells consisting of an anode and a cathode provided on both sides thereof, the separator in turn first,
In a fuel cell having a square shape having second, third and fourth peripheral portions , (a) in a stacking direction provided in opposed first and third peripheral portions of the separator. A plurality of pairs of fuel gas through-holes , the fuel gas through-holes being provided in the first peripheral portion.
The hole communicates with the fuel gas inlet pipe and
The fuel gas through hole provided in the section is
A through hole for fuel gas communicating with the flop, (b) the second and fourth peripheral portion opposing the separator
Met (the first and third orthogonal to the peripheral portion) pairs oxidant gas through holes of the penetrating in the laminating direction provided
The through-hole for oxidant gas provided in the second peripheral part
To the fourth peripheral area.
The provided oxidant gas through hole is a oxidant gas discharge pipe.
The fuel gas of the oxidant gas through hole communicating with the flop, (c) a plurality of grooves provided on one surface of the separator so as to communicate the pair of the opposite of the fuel gas through hole And (d) an oxidizing gas flow area including a plurality of grooves provided on the other surface of the separator so as to allow each of the opposed pairs of the oxidizing gas through holes to communicate with each other. (e) a first partition wall provided on one surface of the separator so as to separate the adjacent fuel gas flow path areas, and (f) separating the adjacent oxidant gas flow path areas. And a second partition provided on the other surface of the separator, so that the flow rate of gas flowing through each flow path region of the separator can be adjusted independently . 2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein each separator includes one separator and frame plates provided on both sides of the separator, and a first plate on one surface of the separator is provided. A plurality of grooves communicating with the fuel gas through-holes are provided on the surface of the frame plate, and a plurality of grooves communicating with the plurality of grooves on the first frame plate inside the first frame plate. A first porous carbon plate having a groove portion is provided, and a first partition wall is provided between each fuel gas flow path region including a plurality of grooves on the first porous carbon plate. In addition, the flow rate of fuel gas flowing through each fuel gas flow path
A plurality of grooves communicating with the respective oxidant gas through holes are provided on the surface of the second frame plate on the other surface side of the separator, and the second frame plate can be knotted. A second porous carbon plate having a plurality of grooves communicating with the plurality of grooves on the second frame plate is provided on an inner side, and each oxidation formed by the plurality of grooves of the second porous carbon plate is provided. The second partition between the flow paths for the oxidizing gas makes the flow rate of the oxidizing gas flowing through each of the oxidizing gas flow areas separate and independent.
A fuel cell characterized in that the fuel cell can be adjusted . 3. An electrolyte plate and an anode provided on both sides thereof.
Unit battery consisting of a cathode and a cathode via a separator
Consists of a laminated body, the first separator in order,
It has a square shape with second, third and fourth peripheral portions
In the fuel cell that, (a) the first and third peripheral portion opposing the separator
Multiple pairs of fuel gas penetrations penetrating in the provided stacking direction
Holes for fuel gas penetration provided in the first peripheral portion
The hole communicates with the fuel gas inlet pipe and
The fuel gas through hole provided in the section is
A through hole for fuel gas communicating with the flop, (b) the second and fourth peripheral portion opposing the separator
(Perpendicular to the first and third peripheral portions)
Multiple pairs of oxidant gas through holes penetrating in the stacking direction
The through-hole for oxidant gas provided in the second peripheral part
To the fourth peripheral area.
The provided oxidant gas through hole is a oxidant gas discharge pipe.
Oxidant gas through hole communicating with the flop, to communicate the pair of the opposing (c) the fuel gas through hole
A plurality of grooves provided on one surface of the separator
And (d) communicating the opposed pairs of the oxidizing gas through-holes with each other.
A plurality of separators provided on the other surface of the separator.
(E) before separating the adjacent oxidant gas flow path region comprising the groove,
A first partition wall provided on one surface of the separator, and (f) separating the adjacent oxidant gas flow path region.
A second partition provided on the other surface of the separator;
Flow through the fuel gas through hole in the first peripheral portion.
The flow rate of the fuel gas is increased in order from the second peripheral portion side.
So that the fuel flowing through the fuel gas inflow pipe
While adjusting the gas flow rate, the second peripheral part
Gas flow through the oxidant gas through hole
The oxidation is performed so as to increase sequentially from the first peripheral side.
The flow rate of the oxidizing gas flowing through the oxidizing gas inflow pipe
By doing so, the gas flowing through each flow path area of the separator is
The flow rate of the electrolyte separately and independently
A fuel cell characterized in that the oxidation-reduction reaction in the above is substantially uniformized . 4. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein
Separators are provided on one separator and on both sides of the separator.
And a frame plate, on one surface side of the separator
A plurality of fuel gas through-holes on the surface of the first frame plate
Of the first frame plate.
A plurality of grooves communicating with a plurality of grooves on the first frame plate on the side
A first porous carbon plate having a portion is provided,
Each fuel gas consisting of a plurality of grooves on the first porous carbon plate
The first partition between the flow passage areas
Separately and independently regulate the flow rate of fuel gas flowing through the gas passage area
And the second frame plate on the other surface side of the separator.
A plurality of grooves communicating with the through holes for oxidizing gas are provided on the surface.
And the second frame plate inside the second frame plate.
Has a plurality of grooves communicating with the plurality of grooves on the second frame plate
A second porous carbon plate is provided, and the second porous carbon plate is provided.
Flow path area for each oxidizing gas consisting of multiple grooves
The space between the oxidizing gas and the second partition is
A fuel cell, wherein the flow rate of an oxidizing gas flowing in a road area is adjusted independently and separately .