JP3304202B2 - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner having a built-in inverter circuit for varying the frequency of an electric compressor of an outdoor unit so as to obtain an optimum capacity according to an air conditioning load.
In particular, it relates to an air conditioner equipped with an active filter for the purpose of improving power factor and suppressing power supply harmonic current.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an inverter circuit of this type of air conditioner, an AC voltage from a commercial power supply is rectified by a rectifier circuit such as a diode bridge, and the rectified circuit is smoothed by a smoothing capacitor. It has a capacitor-input type DC power supply circuit for supplying power to the power device, and the output of the compressor is usually 1 to 2 kW, so that the capacity of the smoothing capacitor is also large.

For this reason, the problem that the input voltage flows only when the input voltage is higher than the DC smoothed voltage, which is a characteristic of the capacitor input type power supply circuit, becomes more remarkable, and the power factor is reduced and the power supply harmonic current is increased. Therefore, there has been a problem that power loss and adverse effects of harmonic current on the power bus occur.

[0004] In response to the above problems, the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) has been regulating the power supply harmonic current since 1996, and there is a similar movement in Japan.
In the future, some measures are needed. As a countermeasure for this, a passive filter using a passive component such as a reactor has been used, but it has not reached the regulation level and has not led to a fundamental improvement.

For this reason, recently, an active filter 4 comprising a switching element 1 such as a transistor, a choke coil 2, and a high-speed switching diode (FRD) 3 as shown in FIG. 15 has been used. In the active filter 4, the switching element 1 is turned on / off at a predetermined timing (several tens of kHz), and the energy stored in the choke coil 2 is gradually supplied to the smoothing capacitor 5, so that the input current is reduced to the input voltage. It matches the waveform and phase to improve the power factor and suppress high-frequency current. In the drawing, reference numeral 6 denotes a commercial power supply, 7 denotes a diode bridge for rectifying an AC voltage of the commercial power supply 6, 8 denotes a power device including a plurality of switching elements for inputting a DC voltage and outputting a three-phase AC voltage. (Inverter unit), 9 is an electric compressor, 10 is an inverter control unit that controls the power device 8, and 11 is an active filter control unit that controls the active filter 4. Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 4-26374 discloses an active filter mounted on an air conditioner to solve the above problem.

[0006]

Generally, a boosting type active filter is generally used in terms of cost and noise. In this boost type active filter, the input voltage of a commercial power supply is boosted by a choke coil and a switching element and supplied to a power device. Due to this step-up operation, the output voltage of the active filter is always higher than the input voltage, and the output voltage is more likely to fluctuate due to the supply balance with the load.

[0007] In an air conditioner having a conventional inverter circuit, the operating frequency of the electric compressor is 10 Hz to 120 Hz (180 Hz for a higher one) depending on the condition of the air conditioning load.
Vary to the extent. For this reason, when a boost type active filter is mounted on an air conditioner having an inverter circuit, on / off control is performed irrespective of the load state of the electric compressor as in the above-described related art, so that load fluctuation on the output side increases. When the load is too heavy, the output voltage is insufficiently supplied at the time of heavy load, and the terminal voltage of the smoothing capacitor, that is, the DC voltage applied to the power device is reduced. Conversely, when the load is light, the output voltage becomes excessive and the DC voltage tends to increase. Particularly at a light load, there is a fear that the DC voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor or the power device becomes higher than the maximum rating and is destroyed.

Further, there is a problem that the output voltage of the active filter rises at no load more than at light load. Therefore, the voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor and the power device more than the light load tends to be higher than the maximum rating, and there is a fear that the voltage is easily broken.

In a boost type active filter,
If the operation is stopped, for example, in the case of failure, the voltage cannot be boosted and the output voltage drops. Then, the voltage applied to the electric compressor tends to be insufficient, a locking phenomenon occurs, and an excessive current flows through the electric compressor. Therefore, there is a problem that the overcurrent circuit operates to stop the electric compressor or break the power device.

[0010] In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioner in which the output voltage of an active filter is suppressed from increasing when no load or light load is applied to an electric compressor.

[0011]

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, control means for controlling the output frequency of the inverter section 8 in accordance with the air-conditioning load, and controlling the input current to the input voltage waveform as shown in FIGS. And an active filter 4 that outputs the output voltage to the inverter unit 8 in accordance with the phase, a load detection unit 20 that detects the load state of the electric compressor 9, and an output voltage of the active filter 4 according to the load state of the electric compressor 9. Driving means for changing the set value to keep the output voltage constant. The driving means has a function of stopping the active filter 4 when the electric compressor 9 is stopped.

Further, a failure detecting means 30 for detecting a failure of the active filter 4 is provided, and the control means 10 has a function of changing an AC voltage applied to the inverter unit 8 when a failure is detected.

[0013]

[0014]

In the above-mentioned means for solving the problems, the load state of the electric compressor 9 is constantly detected, and when the load on the electric compressor 9 increases, the output voltage of the active filter 4 decreases. The set value of the filter 4 is varied so that the output voltage increases, and the active filter 4
Increase the output voltage of When the load state of the electric compressor 9 is light, the set value is varied so as to lower the output voltage of the active filter 4 and the output voltage of the active filter 4 is reduced. Thus, the output voltage of the active filter 4 becomes constant regardless of the load state of the electric compressor 9.

When the electric compressor 9 is stopped and there is no load, a stop signal is output to the active filter 4,
The active filter 4 is stopped. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in the output voltage when there is no load.

Further, if the active filter 4 fails for some reason, the normal boosting operation cannot be performed.
The electric compressor 9 cannot be operated. Therefore, a measure is taken by changing the AC voltage applied to the inverter unit 8 when a failure is detected. That is, the voltage applied to the electric compressor 9 is increased so that the active filter 4
And the operation can be continued without stopping the electric compressor 9.

[0017]

[0018]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an inverter circuit of an air conditioner equipped with an active filter according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 6 denotes a commercial power supply, and reference numeral 7 denotes a diode bridge for rectifying an AC voltage of the commercial power supply 6. Reference numeral 5 denotes a smoothing capacitor for DC-smoothing the rectified voltage. Reference numeral 8 denotes an inverter composed of six transistors and diodes for inputting the smoothed DC voltage and outputting a three-phase AC voltage to a three-phase electric compressor 9. A power device, which is a unit, an inverter control unit having a microcomputer that controls the power device 8 according to an air conditioning load,
Reference numeral 12 denotes an active filter control unit that drives the active filter 4 based on a signal from the inverter control unit 10. The same components as those of the conventional circuit shown in FIG. 15 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

An active filter 4 is provided between the diode bridge 7 and the smoothing capacitor 5.
A choke coil 2, a high-speed diode (FRD) 3,
And a switching element 1 such as a power transistor or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).
Further, load detecting means 20 for detecting the load state of the electric compressor 9, and driving means for varying the set value of the output voltage of the active filter 4 according to the load state of the electric compressor 9 to make the output voltage constant. Is provided.

Here, as shown in FIG. 2A, when the air conditioning load increases, the operating frequency of the electric compressor 9 increases, the current also increases, and the terminal voltage of the smoothing capacitor 5 decreases.
Conversely, when the load is light, the operating frequency of the electric compressor 9 decreases, the current decreases, and the terminal voltage increases. By detecting the change in the terminal voltage or the current in this way, the load state of the electric compressor 9 can be detected. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the load detecting means 20 divides the terminal voltage of the smoothing capacitor 5, that is, the output voltage of the active filter 4 by the resistors 21 and 22, and inputs the voltage to the inverter control unit 10.

The driving means includes an output voltage setting section 23 for setting an output voltage of the active filter 4 in accordance with a command from the inverter control section 10 and an on / off switching element 1 so that the output voltage is set by the setting section. And an active filter control unit 12 to be driven.

The inverter control unit 10 has a function of increasing the output voltage of the active filter 4 as the load on the electric compressor 9 increases,
And has a function of stopping the active filter 4 when is stopped. The active filter 4
Is stopped by inputting the ENABLE signal of the control IC of the active filter control unit 12, or by turning off the power supply of the active filter control unit 12.

In the above configuration, the AC power supply is full-wave rectified by the diode bridge 7 and the active filter 4
Is input to At this time, since the switching element 1 is turned on and off at a predetermined timing, when the current flowing through the choke coil 2 reaches a predetermined value, the switching element 1
Is turned on, and electric power is stored in the choke coil 2. When the current flowing through the switching element 1 becomes higher than a predetermined value, the switching element 1 is turned off, and the power stored in the choke coil 2 is released. Then, the input current becomes a sine waveform having the same phase as the input voltage waveform. Then, the converted DC is supplied to the smoothing capacitor 5.
, And the smoothed direct current is supplied to the power device 8. As a result, generation of harmonic current can be suppressed, and power factor and power supply efficiency can be improved.

The load state of the electric compressor 9 is always detected by voltage division of the output voltage of the active filter 4 by resistance division, and when the load of the electric compressor 9 increases, the smoothing capacitor 5 Terminal voltage decreases. Then, the inverter control unit 10 detects this change and issues a command to increase the set voltage to the output voltage setting unit 23 as shown by the thin solid line in FIG. 2B, and the active filter control unit turns on the switching element 1. By increasing the time, the output voltage of the active filter 4 is increased. Further, when the load state of the electric compressor 9 is light, the terminal voltage of the smoothing capacitor 5 is high, and the output voltage setting unit 23 is instructed to lower the output voltage of the active filter 4. 4 to lower the output voltage. As a result, the DC voltage at both ends of the smoothing capacitor 5, which is the output voltage of the active filter 4, becomes constant irrespective of the load state of the electric compressor 9 as shown by the thick solid line in FIG. The voltage of the electric compressor 9 can be prevented from increasing and locking can be prevented by preventing the voltage from dropping. In addition, when the load is light, an increase in the output voltage can be suppressed, and damage to the power device 8 and the smoothing capacitor 5 due to the increase in the voltage can be prevented.

When the motor compressor 9 is stopped and there is no load, the active filter 4 becomes oversupplied and the output voltage rises. Therefore, when the inverter control unit 10 detects the stop of the motor compressor 9, A stop signal is output to the active filter control unit 12 so that the active filter 4
To stop. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in the output voltage when there is no load. At this time, since the electric compressor 9 is stopped, almost no current flows and the active filter 4
Is not a problem because the level of the harmonic current is small.

Here, another embodiment of the load detecting means is shown in FIG.
Shown in This is constituted by a current transformer 25 for detecting a load current output from the active filter 4 and flowing through the electric compressor 9. That is, when the electric compressor 9 has a heavy load, the flowing current increases, and when the electric compressor 9 has a light load, the current decreases. Therefore, the load state of the electric compressor 9 is detected by detecting the magnitude of the current. Then, similarly to the above-described embodiment, the output voltage of the active filter 4 is changed to set the output voltage constant irrespective of the load.

Also, instead of changing the set value of the output voltage of the active filter 4 in accordance with the load state of the electric compressor 9, the active filter 4 is boosted in accordance with the load state. The output voltage of the filter 4 can be kept within a specified value. Here, since the output voltage of the active filter 4 and the inductance value of the choke coil 2 have a proportional relationship, if the inductance of the choke coil 2 is reduced, the output voltage is also reduced. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, if the boost value of the active filter 4 is changed by changing the inductance value of the choke coil 2 according to the load state (in this case, two stages), the rise of the DC voltage at light load is suppressed. can do.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, two choke coils 2a and 2b having different inductances are provided in parallel, and each of the choke coils 2a and 2b is switched by a changeover switch 26. That is, the electric compressor 9
Is switched to a choke coil 2b having a high inductance when the load is high, and a boost value of the active filter 4 is changed by switching to a choke coil 2a having a low inductance when the load is light.
Can be maintained within a certain range. Alternatively, as a means for switching the inductance of another choke coil, a plurality of taps are provided on the choke coil 2 as shown in FIG.

Further, when the active filter 4 fails for some reason, normal boosting operation cannot be performed,
If the electric compressor 9 is in the operating state, the voltage will be insufficient, and there is a possibility that the compressor 9 will stop with a lock. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, a failure detecting means 30 for detecting a failure of the active filter 4 is provided, and a measure is taken by changing an AC voltage applied to the power device 8 when a failure is detected. The failure detection means 30 may be the same as the load detection means for detecting the load state of the electric compressor 9. The failure detection means 30 confirms that the output state of the power device 8 is stopped due to a decrease in the output voltage of the active filter 4. The table of the applied voltage and the V / F pattern of the operating frequency for controlling the V / F pattern is changed by the pattern changing unit 31, and the inverter unit is driven by the inverter control unit 10. Normally, the output voltage (effective value) of the inverter based on the V / F pattern that determines the output voltage of the power device 8 is constant because the active filter 4 does not stop as shown in FIG.
At the time of failure, the boosting operation by the active filter 4 cannot be performed, so that the voltage applied to the electric compressor 9 also decreases as shown in FIG.

Therefore, when the active filter 4 fails, as shown in FIG.
The effective value of the inverter with respect to the operating frequency of the electric compressor 9 becomes higher so that the output voltage becomes higher than during the operation of V /.
Change to F pattern to output voltage (effective value) of inverter
To be higher. As a result, as shown in FIG. 10A, the voltage applied to the electric compressor 9 can be constant regardless of whether the electric compressor 9 is normal or faulty, and the electric compressor 9 does not stop. Driving can be continued.

However, although the operation can be continued, since the active filter 4 is out of order, means for informing the user in some way is required. For this reason, during operation when the active filter 4 has failed, a notifying unit may be provided on the indoor unit side of the air conditioner to notify that it is not in the normal operation mode by using an LED, a buzzer, or the like. As a result, it is possible to continue driving in the form of an emergency driving means until the service staff arrives, and the user is not inconvenienced.

Air conditioners are classified into a 100 V model and a 200 V model, and the inverter circuit is changed in each model. Generally, in the 200 V model, as shown in FIG.
AC 2 using a diode bridge 7 which is a full-wave rectifier circuit
00V is rectified as it is to make DC 280V. 1
In the 00V model, as shown in FIG. 12, an AC 100V is input using a voltage doubler rectifier circuit 35 to generate a DC 280V. For this reason, the circuit for mounting the active filter 4 is different between the 100 V model and the 200 V model, and the voltage doubler rectifier circuit 35 includes two voltage doubler capacitors 36 a and 36 b before the smoothing capacitor 5. The filter 4 also requires two circuits, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost. In the figure, reference numeral 37 denotes a smoothing coil.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, a voltage detecting means 38 for detecting the input voltage of the commercial power supply, and a booster for changing the boosted value of the active filter 4 based on the detected voltage value to keep the output voltage constant. Value changing means 39 is provided. The voltage detecting means 38 detects the input voltage by dividing the input voltage with a resistor similarly to the load state detecting means.
The step-up value changing means 39 judges what the input voltage is, and changes the inductance value of the choke coil 2 so that the step-up ratio becomes twice as high in the case of AC 100 V as in the case of AC 200 V. 6 or the changeover switch shown in FIG. Further, the boost value of the active filter 4 may be changed by a method of changing the set value of the output voltage of the active filter 4.

As described above, the input voltage of the commercial power supply is detected, and the boosted value of the active filter 4 is changed as shown in FIG. 14 according to the detection result. For example, in the case of 100V, the boosted value is twice as high as that in the case of 200V.
By changing the inductance value of the choke coil 2 or changing the set value of the output voltage of the active filter 4, the output voltage of the active filter 4 can be kept constant regardless of the commercial power supply. Therefore, the conventional inverter circuit was provided for each commercial power supply.
This is no longer necessary, and can be shared by one inverter circuit.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it goes without saying that many modifications and changes can be made to the above-described embodiment within the scope of the present invention. For example, by using a voltage detection unit that detects the type of commercial power supply, detecting a change in the power supply voltage, and changing the set value of the output voltage of the active filter or changing the boost value according to the change. Alternatively, the output voltage of the active filter may be kept constant. Thereby, the operation of the electric compressor can be stabilized, and the reliability of the air conditioner can be improved.

Further, as the load detecting means, the output current of the active filter may be detected by using a Hall element instead of the current transformer. In addition, as a means for changing the boost value of the active filter, a plurality of choke coils having different inductance values may be used, and the choke coil may be switched finely, so that the output voltage of the active filter can be made substantially constant. Become.

[0037]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the input current is made coincident with the input voltage waveform and phase for the purpose of improving the power factor and suppressing the power supply harmonic current. In an air conditioner having an active filter that outputs an output, a load detection unit that detects a load state of the electric compressor, and a set value of an output voltage of the active filter that varies according to the load state of the electric compressor to change the output voltage. Since the driving means for keeping the output voltage constant is provided, the output voltage of the active filter can be kept constant irrespective of the load fluctuation of the electric compressor. Therefore, when the voltage is slightly insufficient, the vibration of the electric compressor is increased or locked, but these can be prevented. Further, it is possible to provide an air conditioner that can prevent the smoothing capacitor and the inverter from being destroyed when the output voltage of the active filter increases, and can perform stable operation.

Further, since the stop the active filter when stopping the electric compressor, it is possible to suppress the voltage rise at no load. Further, when there is no load, the harmonic current falls within the regulation value, so there is no problem even if the active filter is stopped, and conversely, the switching loss can be reduced, so that the total efficiency of the air conditioner improves.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, if the active filter fails, the boost operation cannot be performed, and there is a risk that the compressor will be locked due to insufficient applied voltage to the electric compressor, so that the operation of the air conditioner cannot be continued. However, since the failure detection means for detecting the failure of the active filter is provided, and the AC voltage applied to the inverter at the time of failure detection is changed, the output voltage of the inverter increases and the operation can be continued. In addition, if the user is notified that the active filter is out of order, the air conditioner can be operated even before the service technician comes to repair, especially in an area with poor service, and the user can be notified. No inconvenience.

[0040]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an inverter circuit of an air conditioner equipped with an active filter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a relationship between a load state of an electric compressor and an output voltage of an active filter, and FIG. 2B is a view showing an electric compressor when an active filter set value is varied according to the load state. Diagram showing the relationship between the load state and the output voltage of the active filter

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a load detecting unit.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the load detecting means.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the load state of the electric compressor and the output voltage of the active filter when the inductance of the choke coil is changed.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a means for changing the inductance of a choke coil.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the means for changing the inductance of the choke coil.

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of an inverter circuit having a failure detection function of an active filter.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a setting example of a normal V / F pattern;

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a setting example of a V / F pattern at the time of failure;

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a conventional inverter circuit of a 200 V model.

FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a conventional inverter circuit of a 100 V model.

FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram of an inverter circuit having a voltage detection function.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a setting example of a boost value according to an input voltage of an active filter.

FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram of a conventional inverter circuit including an active filter.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Switching element 2 Choke coil 4 Active filter 8 Inverter part 9 Electric compressor 10 Inverter control part 12 Active filter control part 20 Load detection means 23 Output voltage setting part 30 Failure detection means 38 Voltage detection means 39 Boost value change means

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H02P 5/408-5/412 H02P 7/628-7/632 H02P 21/00 H02M 1/00-1 / 30 H02M 3/00-3/44 H02M 7/42-7/98

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] A means for rectifying an AC power supply and converting it to DC; an inverter for chopping an input DC voltage and applying an AC voltage having a variable voltage and a variable frequency to an electric compressor; In an air conditioner including control means for controlling according to an air conditioning load, an active filter that matches an input current with a waveform and a phase of an input voltage and outputs the same to the inverter unit, and detects a load state of the electric compressor. And a drive unit for changing a set value of an output voltage of the active filter to make the DC voltage constant when a DC voltage to the inverter unit fluctuates according to a load state of the electric compressor. the door
And the driving means is activated when the electric compressor is stopped.
Air conditioning characterized by stopping the active filter
Japanese machine. 2. A means for rectifying an AC power supply and converting it to DC.
And chopping the input DC voltage into the electric compressor
Variable voltage Inverter section that applies AC voltage with variable frequency
And the output frequency of the inverter is controlled according to the air conditioning load.
Control means for controlling the
Current to match the input voltage waveform and phase.
An active filter that outputs to the motor
Load detecting means for detecting a load state of the machine;
DC voltage to the inverter section depends on the load condition of the machine.
When the output voltage fluctuates, the output voltage of the active filter is set.
Driving means for varying the constant value to make the DC voltage constant,
Failure detection means for detecting a failure of the active filter
The control means is provided to the inverter unit when a failure is detected.
Air conditioning characterized by changing the applied AC voltage
Machine.