JP3358671B2 - Method for controlling pests inhabiting soil and apparatus for producing water for controlling the pests - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention eliminates soil-dwelling pests by irrigating a soil or a growing bed with water saturated with nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide to protect the growth of crops. Method and the extermination method
Supersaturated nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide gas
The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing water .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a method for controlling pests inhabiting soil that inhibits healthy growth of crops, there are known cultivation means, chemical means, biological means, and physical means.

On the other hand, in order to produce water in which nitrogen gas and / or carbon dioxide gas is supersaturated, a membrane module or a water pump and a nitrogen concentrator or an inert gas are used.
There is no known apparatus for producing water for controlling pests that inhabit soil, which is combined with a gas generator .

[0004]

However, in the above-described extermination method, a method for avoiding soil diseases by a rotation system as a cultivating means requires a wide arable land to stably produce a highly economical crop. Therefore, it does not fit the current situation in Japan. Organochlorines and organophosphates have been used to control harmful insects by chemical means, but not only because the former has the problem of long-term soil and crop residues and the latter cannot be expected to have sufficient effects. The problem of crop residue has been raised, and also in the case of fumigants such as chlorpicrin and methyl bromide used to control soil diseases and nematodes, the former is a gas that has strong irritation and tearing properties, and is used in suburban areas. It cannot be used, and the latter is likely to deplete the ozone layer, so its use is restricted internationally, and the use is expected to be completely banned in the near future. As biological means, various antibacterial agents against soil diseases, biological insecticides represented by BT agents, or insecticidal nematodes (Steiner Nematica) are known, but other than BT agents have not yet been put into practical use. Also BT
There must be restrictions on the area of use of the agents due to toxicity to silkworms. As physical means, there is a method of disinfecting and killing insects in a house using solar heat and a method of disinfecting soil for nurseries using steam, but it is effective for extremely limited areas, etc., and is applicable to large houses and fields. Things impossible. There are difficulties such as.
Therefore, there is a strong need for an effective method for controlling soil-dwelling pests in which these problems have been solved.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that nitrogen gas and / or
Found that applying a large amount of inexpensive carbon dioxide supersaturated water to soil or the like can reduce the density of soil-dwelling pests and protect crops from the pests, and thus completed the present invention. Was.

[0006] That is, the present invention provides a nitrogen gas and / or
Is water in which carbon dioxide is supersaturated (hereinafter referred to as nitrogen / carbon dioxide).
It is called supersaturated water. The method of combating soil-dwelling pests, characterized in that) is irrigation to the soil or growth bed, the soil
Irrigation of soil or growing bed to control soil-dwelling pests
Nitrogen gas and / or carbon dioxide gas used is supersaturated
(1) a membrane module incorporating a gas permeable and liquid impermeable membrane, and (2) a nitrogen concentrator or an inert gas generator.
It consists of a device , connects a water inflow pipe to one side of the membrane of the membrane module, and has a high nitrogen gas concentration on the other side of the membrane.
Equipment, soil or growing floor , characterized by connecting an intake pipe for hot air or air with high carbon dioxide concentration
Nitrogen gas and water used to control soil-dwelling pests
And / or produce water with carbon dioxide supersaturated
A (1) water pump and (2)
It consists of a nitrogen concentrator or an inert gas generator. The intake side of the water pump is connected to the raw water introduction pipe, and the air or carbon dioxide gas concentration is high when the nitrogen gas concentration is high.
The present invention relates to an apparatus characterized by comprising a suction pipe for fresh air .

[0007] To irrigate the superficially saturated water of nitrogen / carbon dioxide of the present invention on the soil or on a growing bed of rock wool, vermiculite, etc., any method such as spraying in the air or irrigating the ground surface can be used. In particular, it is preferable to irrigate the soil or the growing bed. Among them, water is supplied by irrigation or irrigation because there is no natural rainfall in greenhouse or other facility cultivation, but when the water of the present invention is supplied to the soil, 30 to 50 water is supplied to the soil.
It is preferable to supply 30 mm of rainfall to the soil from a water-permeable tube buried 1 cm before sowing or planting of crops, and every 30 days thereafter. It is also possible to cover (mulch) with a temper film or sheet and supply water by laying a watering tube inside. If it is possible to supply a large amount, the treatment may be carried out while flowing over the soil surface.

[0008] As a means for injecting the nitrogen / carbon dioxide gas into the soil, nitrogen / but carbon dioxide may be a fed directly to the soil, as compared to the water that the gas supersaturated,
It is not preferable because the ability to make the atmosphere of nitrogen / carbon dioxide gas in the soil is inferior. It is presumed that this is because the gas intensively flows in a place with low resistance and diffuses quickly into the atmosphere. In addition, there is a disadvantage that water in the soil is deprived in the process of diffusion.

[0009] The soil-dwelling pests in the present invention, is mainly harmful organisms inhabit and crops in soil, for example Pythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia fungus, soil diseases bacteria such as Verticillium tumefaciens bacteria, Nematodes, nematodes such as root-knot nematodes, insects such as cynoplanetidae, shibao weevil, neem aphid, scarab beetles, polypods such as locust beetles, millipedes, etc. An example of this is a snail apple snail (Jumbo snail) that lives in the surrounding waterway.

The nitrogen / carbon dioxide gas supersaturated water used in the present invention may be any water in which nitrogen / carbon dioxide gas is dissolved at a use temperature in excess of a saturation concentration under one atmosphere of air. Particularly preferred is water in which the molar fraction of dissolved oxygen in all the gaseous species dissolved in water is 15% or less, preferably 7% or less, more preferably 3% or less. Used in the present invention
The lower limit of the molar fraction of oxygen in all the gaseous species dissolved in the nitrogen / carbon dioxide supersaturated water may naturally have a limit, but there is no inconvenience at low itself, and it is not necessary to set the lower limit. .

Nitrogen / carbon dioxide supersaturated water used in the present invention
Nitrogen gas or dissolved gas concentration of carbon dioxide in the case of nitrogen, preferably 20 to 150 ppm by weight, If <br/> case of carbon dioxide, is 50 to 10,000 ppm by weight preferred.

The dissolved oxygen concentration of the nitrogen / carbon dioxide supersaturated water used in the present invention may be lower, the same, or higher than the saturated oxygen concentration under one atmosphere of air. That is, even when the dissolved oxygen concentration is equal to or higher than the saturated oxygen concentration under one atmosphere of air, the nitrogen / carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in supersaturation, and the moles of oxygen in all the dissolved gaseous species are increased. The fraction should be 15% or less. However, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the supersaturated water of nitrogen / carbon dioxide gas is not more than the saturated oxygen concentration under one atmosphere of air, that is, 20 ° C.
In this case, the content is preferably 9 ppm by weight or less, in order to sufficiently exert the effects of the present invention, more preferably 3 ppm by weight or less, and most preferably 1 ppm by weight or less. By the way, the concentration of the gas contained in the air-saturated water at 20 ° C. at 1 atm is about 18 wt.
m, oxygen about 9 ppm by weight, carbon dioxide about 0.6 weight p
pm, and traces of argon, etc., and the molar fraction of oxygen is about 30%.

The type of gas dissolved in water and the concentration of each gas type are determined by the Ostwald method (Experimental Chemistry Lecture 1, Basic Operation [I], p. 241, 1975, Maruzen), mass spectrometry, gas chromatography. Can be measured. In addition, oxygen and carbon dioxide can be measured by a simple electric dissolved concentration meter such as a galvanic cell type or a polarographic type or a colorimetric method. However, when the gas concentration of the supersaturated water is measured using these electric dissolved concentration meters, bubbles may be generated in the sensor portion, and accurate measurement may not be performed. In such a case, a method of measuring a sample obtained by diluting water to be measured with water having a known gas concentration and measuring the concentration by calculation can be adopted.

Hereinafter, a method for producing nitrogen / carbon dioxide supersaturated water used in the present invention will be described. First, nitrogen / carbon dioxide
As means for dissolving the gas to supersaturation, a membrane gas dissolving apparatus (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 7078), an arbitrary device such as a pressure dissolving device for bringing pressurized water into contact with a pressurized gas in a pressure vessel, a bubbling device, or a device for supplying gas simultaneously with water to the suction side of a water pump may be employed.

[0015] The membrane gas dissolving apparatus is preferred in that it is small in size, easy to handle, easy to produce highly supersaturated water, and the like. Is preferable because it is possible to reduce the inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane to 250 μm or less.
This is preferable because it can be made more compact. In addition, the heterogeneous film is suitable as a gas dissolving film because there is no danger of water leakage and it is difficult to be in a diffused state, and poly-4-methylpentene-1 is hydrophobic, has a high gas permeation rate, and has high strength.
It is suitable as a film material. It is also preferable to use a film whose surface on the water side is hydrophilic because the amount of bubbles generated in water can be reduced. In addition to the membrane gas dissolving device, a device using a water pump method is simple and preferable.

In the case of a membrane type gas dissolving apparatus, the supply gas may be pressurized or normal pressure. It may be a pure gas or a mixed gas. As the partial pressure of the supplied gas species is increased, the dissolved concentration of the gas species can be increased.
The pressure of water may be a pressurized state or a normal pressure, but is preferably pressurized, and operating under conditions higher than the total pressure of the gas reduces the amount of bubbles generated in the water. This is preferable because it can be reduced.

When the dissolved oxygen concentration of the supersaturated water of nitrogen / carbon dioxide is set to be less than the saturated concentration under 1 atm of air, means for reducing the dissolved oxygen concentration (hereinafter referred to as a deoxygenation method) includes, for example, gas Is a membrane-type vacuum degassing method in which raw water is passed through one side of a membrane through which liquid does not pass, and pressure is reduced in the other side (for example, JP-A-63-258605). Diaphragm oxygen absorption method in which raw water and oxygen absorbent are brought into contact with each other, so-called vacuum deaeration method in which the pressure in the packed tower or spray tower is reduced, heated deaeration method using the decrease in gas solubility with increasing temperature, nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas Any method such as a bubbling method, an ultrasonic degassing method, and a method of adding a reducing agent can be adopted. Among these, a film-type vacuum degassing method and then a vacuum degassing method are preferred.

The above deoxidation method is not performed as an independent step, but can be used also as a step of dissolving nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas . Nitrogen i.e. when the gas dissolution, by discarding a part of the liquid and the contact (including membrane contact) with gas
The dissolution and deoxygenation of elemental gas or carbon dioxide gas can be performed simultaneously. When the deoxygenation treatment is performed as an independent step, it is preferable to perform the treatment before dissolving the nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas .

The raw water used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any water such as tap water, well water, spring water, river water, lake water, and treated water thereof can be used. The raw water and / or nitrogen / carbon dioxide supersaturated water used in the present invention may contain salts, fertilizers, insecticides, antibacterial agents and the like.

When supersaturated water of nitrogen / carbon dioxide is irrigated into the soil or the like under normal pressure, the supersaturated gas escapes from the water to generate gas. Oxygen concentration in the in the gas, in addition to the gas composition dissolved in a nitrogen / carbon dioxide over <br/> saturated water, pressure, temperature, may vary depending on the pH or the like of the soil, dissolved in nitrogen / carbon dioxide gas supersaturated water Often, the value is lower than the composition of oxygen . Therefore, one or more types of nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas
Oxygen gas in the soil is dissolved by supersaturation under air of 1 atm at the use temperature, preferably when water having a mole fraction of dissolved oxygen of not more than 15% in all dissolved gaseous species is less than 15%. The concentration is much lower than the oxygen concentration in the air.
Further, since the gas generated from the nitrogen / carbon dioxide supersaturated water diffuses into the soil, a range wider than the irrigation range becomes a low oxygen state. Furthermore, when nitrogen / carbon dioxide supersaturated water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 9 ppm by weight or less is used, the water absorbs the oxygen gas in the soil, so that the oxygen gas concentration in the soil further decreases.

Next, the nitrogen gas and / or nitrogen gas of the present invention
Discloses an apparatus for producing water in which carbon dioxide is supersaturated , using the structure of a membrane module (FIG. 1) and the structure of the apparatus (FIGS. 2 and 3) used in the embodiment. Will be explained.

The nitrogen gas and / or carbon dioxide according to the present invention
A first example of an apparatus for producing water with a supersaturated gas is:
A membrane module 10 in which a gas-permeable but liquid-impermeable membrane 1 (hollow fiber membrane in this example) is incorporated to separate the gas and the liquid, and a nitrogen concentrator or an inert gas generator 1
6. A water inflow pipe is connected to one side of the membrane 1 of the membrane module 10, and a nitrogen concentrator is connected to the other side of the membrane.
Alternatively, it is an apparatus formed by connecting a low-oxygen air introducing pipe having an oxygen concentration of 10% by volume or less (hereinafter simply referred to as%) manufactured by the inert gas generator 16.

There is no particular limitation on the structure of the membrane that allows gas to permeate and does not allow liquid to permeate. The homogeneous membrane, the heterogeneous membrane, and the dense layer made of a gas-permeable material are made of a gas-permeable material. Any of composite membranes, hydrophobic porous membranes and the like can be used, and the membrane form can be any one such as a flat membrane and a hollow fiber membrane. Among these, a hollow fiber membrane is preferred from the viewpoint that the device can be downsized, and the inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is more preferably 250 μm or less. In addition, a heterogeneous membrane is preferred because the gas permeation rate is high and there is no fear of water leakage, and poly-4-methylpentene-1 is a membrane material that is hydrophobic and has a high gas permeation rate. It is suitable because of its strength. It is also preferable to use a film whose surface on the water side is hydrophilic because the amount of bubbles generated in water can be reduced. Next to heterogeneous and composite membranes,
Hydrophobic porous membranes are preferred.

The shape of the module 10 is not particularly limited, and any type such as a laminated type or a spiral type for a flat membrane, and an internal perfusion type or an external perfusion type for a hollow fiber membrane or a tubular membrane is used. it can. Among these, an internal perfusion type using a hollow fiber membrane is preferable because it has a simple structure and can be manufactured at low cost. In any case, a liquid inlet 6 and a liquid outlet 7 are provided on the water side of the membrane module 10, and a gas inlet 8 is provided on the gas side. It is preferable to provide a gas discharge port 9 on the gas side so that surplus gas can be discharged because fluctuations in the concentration of dissolved nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas can be reduced even during long-term use.

The nitrogen concentrator used in the apparatus of the present invention
Alternatively, any inert gas generator can be used as long as it can produce low oxygen air having an oxygen concentration of 10% or less using air as a raw material. These nitrogen concentrators or inner
The gas generator uses air as a raw material, and in fact, infinitely high air or carbon dioxide gas concentration with high nitrogen gas concentration.
Since fresh air can be produced, transportation of a gas cylinder or the like is not required, and restrictions on the place where the present apparatus is used can be reduced.

The nitrogen concentrating device condenses nitrogen by separating nitrogen and oxygen in the air, and has a nitrogen concentration of 90% or more.
Preferably, 95% or more, more preferably 99% or more of nitrogen-enriched air can be continuously produced.
There are SA type (pressure swing adsorption type) and membrane type. A so-called inert gas generator that consumes oxygen in the air generally consumes oxygen in the air by burning petroleum or the like. Also in this case, the residual oxygen concentration is 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, and more preferably. 1% or less can be used.

[0027] The apparatus of the present invention includes a nitrogen concentrator or an inert gas installed in the apparatus on the gas side of the membrane module.
Air with high nitrogen gas concentration produced by the gas generator 16
Alternatively, piping is provided to introduce air having a high carbon dioxide concentration . If necessary, it is possible to provide a flow control valve, a pressure control valve (for example, 17) or the like in this pipe. Further, a pressure control valve or a flow control valve (for example, 18) can be connected to the gas outlet 9 of the membrane module provided as needed. In the water production apparatus for controlling pests of soil-dwelling habitat of the present invention, the oxygen concentration in the gas introduced into the gas side of the membrane module is 10% or less, and 5% or less.
Or less, more preferably 1% or less. The pressure of the gas having an oxygen concentration of 10% or less supplied to the gas side of the membrane module is preferably 1 atm or more, more preferably 1.5 to 10 atm.

Raw water 11 is introduced into the liquid inlet 6 of the membrane module 10, and nitrogen / carbon dioxide supersaturated water 15 is taken out from the liquid outlet 7. The pipe connected to the liquid outlet 7 may be provided with a pressure control valve, a flow control valve, a leak valve, a flow switch, and the like (for example, 13 and 14). Further, it is also possible to connect a water-permeable pipe to the pipe connected to the liquid outlet 7, and to irrigate the produced nitrogen / carbon dioxide supersaturated water directly into soil or the like. The present apparatus is particularly effective when the pressure of raw water is 1 kgf / cm ² G or more, for example, when tap water is used as raw water. If the water pressure of the raw water is insufficient, a water pump can be incorporated in the apparatus.

The nitrogen gas and / or carbon dioxide according to the present invention
A second example of an apparatus for producing water in which a gas is supersaturated is:
Water pump 22 and nitrogen concentrator or inert
The water pump 22 includes the gas generator 16.
Raw water 11 and a nitrogen concentrator or
Oxygen concentration of 10% or less, manufactured by a heat gas generator ,
The device is preferably configured to inhale less than 5%, more preferably less than 1% of gas. Nitrogen concentrator
Alternatively, the inert gas generator is the same as the device described in the first example.

Although there is no particular limitation on the type of water pump, a turbo-type water pump is preferable. As the turbo-type water pump, a centrifugal pump, a mixed flow pump, an axial flow pump, an electric power source, and other types are available. Any type such as a power source, a one-stage type, a multi-stage type, or the like can be used. Water pump discharge side pressure is 0.2 ~
It is preferably 10 kgf / cm ² . The turbo-type water pump has a particularly high gas dissolving efficiency because water and gas are sufficiently stirred in various water pumps.

The suction side of the water pump is piped to introduce the raw water 11, and the nitrogen / carbon dioxide supersaturated water 15 is taken out from the discharge side. Further, a permeable pipe is connected to a pipe connected to the liquid outlet, and the produced nitrogen / carbon
It is also possible to irrigation scan supersaturated water directly to the soil or the like.
It is also possible to connect water pumps in series in multiple stages, in which case the air or carbon dioxide gas concentration with high nitrogen gas concentration is high on the suction side of the water pump after the second stage.
It is also preferable to introduce cool air . It is likewise preferable to use a multi-stage water pump configured to introduce gas to the suction side after the second stage.

On the suction side of the water pump 22,
Generates nitrogen concentrator or inert gas with raw water
It is configured to inhale the gas having an oxygen concentration of 10% or less produced by the device 16. The gas having an oxygen concentration of 10% or less is air or carbon dioxide gas having a high nitrogen gas concentration produced by the nitrogen concentrator or the inert gas generator 16.
It is preferable that the air be high in temperature since continuous operation can be performed for a long time as compared with the case where the air is supplied from a gas cylinder. Air with high nitrogen gas concentration or high carbon dioxide concentration
It is also possible to use the gas pump 20 for pressurization and quantification of fresh air . The piping connected to the suction side and / or the discharge side of the water pump 22 may be provided with a pressure control valve, a flow control valve (for example, 13, 21) and the like. It is preferable to provide a surplus gas leak valve 14 on the discharge side. This apparatus is particularly effective when the pressure of the raw water is 1 kgf / cm ² G or less.

[0033]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, but it should not be construed that the present invention is limited thereto. [Example 1] ( Nitrogen gas supersaturated water production apparatus) According to the method of Production Example 1 described in JP-A-4-7078, a hollow fiber made of poly-4-methylpentene-1 having an outer diameter of 263 µm and an inner diameter of 207 µm is heterogeneous. A membrane was prepared, and a cylindrical module having a diameter of 11 cm and a length of 60 cm filled with 50,000 hollow fiber membranes was prepared. That is, the hollow fiber membranes 1 bundled substantially in parallel are loaded into a cylindrical module housing 2, both ends of the hollow fiber membranes are sealed with resin 3 (also called potting), and the end face 4 of the sealing portion is The inside of the hollow fiber membrane is open. A cap 5 is attached to the module housing, a liquid inlet 6 leading from one end of the hollow fiber membrane to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane, a liquid outlet 7 leading from the other end of the hollow fiber membrane to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane, and a hollow fiber outside. A gas inlet 8 and a gas outlet 9 are provided, which are connected to a space in contact with. Nitrogen concentrator 16, the nitrogen concentration of 99% nitrogen enriched air 3.3Nl / min incorporate membrane type nitrogen concentration apparatus can be manufactured by (N indicates a 1 atm converted value), nitrogen
A pipe was connected from the elemental concentrator 16 to the gas inlet 8 of the module via a pressure control valve 17.

A leak valve 18 is connected to the gas outlet 9 of the membrane module 10 and the liquid outlet 7 of the membrane module 10 is connected.
Was connected to a branch pipe 12, one of which was connected to a flow control valve 13 for nitrogen gas supersaturated water 15, and the other was connected to a leak valve 14, thereby producing an apparatus for producing nitrogen gas supersaturated water.

[Example 2] (Apparatus for producing carbon dioxide supersaturated water ) As the water pump 22, a maximum pressure of 5 kgf / cm ^{2 was used.}
G, using a centrifugal pump with a discharge rate of 50 l / min.
A kerosene combustion type inert gas generator was used as the gas generator 16, and a diaphragm pump having a displacement of 3 Nl / min was used as the low oxygen air air pump 20. Inner
Carbon dioxide gas concentration of high air from Togasu generator 16 via the air pump 20 and flow control valve 21, the branch pipe 1
At 2, the pipe was connected so as to be introduced immediately before the inlet of the water pump 22. A raw water introduction pipe 23 was connected to the suction port of the water pump 22. A branch pipe 24 was connected to the discharge side of the water pump 22, one of which was connected to a flow control valve 13, and the other to a leak valve 14 for discharging excess gas, to produce an apparatus for producing carbon dioxide supersaturated water.

[Production Example 1] (Production of supersaturated water of carbon dioxide gas) The liquid inlet 6 of the membrane module 10 of the apparatus of Example 1
20 ° C. tap water (pressure about 3 kgf / cm) as raw water 11
^{2 G)} introduced, at a flow rate control valve 13 connected to the liquid outlet 7 to adjust the flow rate 10l / min. On the other hand, carbon dioxide gas at a pressure of 2 kgf / cm ² G is introduced from a gas cylinder into the gas inlet 8 instead of the nitrogen concentrator 16, and the introduced carbon dioxide gas is leaked through a leak valve 18 connected to the gas outlet 9. 10% was released as leak gas 19. At this time, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the raw water 11 flowing into the module is 9.0 wt ppm, and the dissolved nitrogen concentration is 17.8 wt pp.
m, the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration is about 0.5 ppm by weight, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the carbon dioxide supersaturated water 15 flowing out from the liquid outlet is 5.4 ppm by weight, and the dissolved nitrogen concentration is 10 parts by weight pp.
m, and the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration was 1300 ppm by weight.
The molar fraction of dissolved oxygen in all gases dissolved in carbon dioxide supersaturated water is 0.56%. The dissolved gas concentration was measured by gas chromatography.

[0037] [Production Example 2] to the introduction of nitrogen concentration of 99% of the nitrogen-enriched air (nitrogen gas production of supersaturated water) nitrogen concentrator 16 is generated in the module 10 at a pressure 3 kgf / cm ^2, and introduced into the module 10 Production Example 1 except that the entire amount of excess gas in which the concentrated nitrogen-enriched air did not dissolve was discharged from the leak valve 18 as the leak gas 19.
In the same manner as in the above, nitrogen gas supersaturated water was produced.

At this time, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the raw water is 9.0 wt ppm, the nitrogen concentration is 17.8 wt PP ppm, the carbon dioxide gas concentration is 0.5 wt ppm, and the dissolved oxygen concentration of the nitrogen gas supersaturated water is 4.8 wt ppm. ppm, dissolved nitrogen concentration is 40 weight p
pm, the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration was 0.5 ppm by weight.
The mole fraction of dissolved oxygen in the total gas dissolved in the water is 9.4%. The dissolved gas concentration was measured by gas chromatography.

[Production Example 3] (Production of supersaturated carbon dioxide water) In the apparatus of Example 2, the raw water 11 at 20 ° C was introduced by connecting the raw water introduction pipe 23 of the water pump inlet to the water storage tank. The flow rate was adjusted to 10 l / min by the flow control valve 13 connected to the discharge side of the pump 22. The leak valve 14 connected to the discharge side of the water pump 22 was adjusted so that the outflow rate of water discharged together with the excess gas not dissolved in water was 0.3 l / min or less. On the other hand, when the flow rate of the air having a high carbon dioxide concentration is set to about 2 N
Adjusted to 1 / min.

At this time, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the raw water 11 is 9.2.
Weight ppm, nitrogen concentration 18.0 weight ppm, carbon dioxide concentration 0.6 weight ppm, dissolved oxygen concentration of carbon dioxide supersaturated water 15 is 3.8 weight ppm, dissolved nitrogen concentration 35 weight ppm, dissolved carbon dioxide concentration Was 220 ppm by weight. The mole fraction of dissolved oxygen in the total gas dissolved in the water is 1.9%. The dissolved gas concentration was measured by gas chromatography.

[0041] except that emit 60% Production Example 4] (Production of carbon dioxide gas supersaturated water) introducing carbon dioxide gas amount from the leak valve connected to the gas outlet, carbonate <br/> in the same manner as in Production Example 1 Gas supersaturated water was produced. At this time, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the raw water flowing into the module is 9.2 wt ppm, the nitrogen concentration is 18.0 wt ppm, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 0.6 wt ppm.
The dissolved oxygen concentration of the water flowing out from the liquid outlet was 5.4 ppm by weight, the nitrogen concentration was 10 ppm by weight, and the carbon dioxide concentration was 1300 ppm by weight. The mole fraction of dissolved oxygen in all gaseous species dissolved in the water is 0.57%. The dissolved gas concentration was measured by gas chromatography.

[Production Example 5] (Production of nitrogen gas supersaturated water) Nitrogen gas supersaturated water was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that nitrogen was introduced at 3 kgf / cm ² G instead of carbon dioxide gas. At this time, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the raw water flowing into the module was 9.2 wt ppm, the nitrogen concentration was 18.0 wt ppm, and the carbon dioxide gas concentration was 0.6 wt ppm. The concentration is 4.8 weight pp
m, nitrogen concentration 40 wt ppm, carbon dioxide concentration 0.5
It was ppm by weight. The molar fraction of dissolved oxygen in all gaseous species dissolved in the water is 10.4%. The dissolved gas concentration was measured by gas chromatography.

[Production Example 6] (Production of supersaturated water of carbon dioxide gas) Two identical modules as in Example 1 were produced, and tap water at 20 ° C was introduced into the liquid inlet of the first module. By connecting the liquid outlet of the first module and the liquid inlet of the second module by piping, the water flowing out of the first module is directly introduced into the second module without contact with air, The flow rate was adjusted to 10 l / min by a flow control valve connected to the liquid outlet of the above.
On the other hand, the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the first module were connected to a water ring vacuum pump, and the pressure was reduced to 35 torr. In addition, the pressure 1 is applied to the gas inlet of the second module.
kgf / cm ² G of carbon dioxide gas was introduced, and the leak valve connected to the gas outlet was fully closed. At this time, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the raw water flowing into the first module is 9.2 weight pp
m, the nitrogen concentration is 18.0 wt ppm, the carbon dioxide concentration is 0.6 wt ppm, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water flowing out from the liquid outlet of the second module is 0.9 wt ppm,
The nitrogen concentration was about 2 ppm by weight, and the carbon dioxide concentration was 700 ppm by weight. The molar fraction of dissolved oxygen in all gaseous species dissolved in the water is 0.18%. When the dissolved gas concentration of water flowing out of the first module was measured, the dissolved oxygen concentration was 0.9 wt ppm, and the nitrogen concentration was about 2 ppm.
The weight ppm and carbon dioxide concentration were below the measurement limit. The dissolved nitrogen concentration and the dissolved carbon dioxide gas concentration were measured by gas chromatography, and the dissolved oxygen concentration was measured by a galvanic cell type dissolved oxygen concentration meter.

[Example 3] Insecticidal test (Acarabaeidae, Scarabaeidae) 20 beetles of beetles collected from sweet potato fields per planter containing soil from the same field were acclimated and acclimated for 3 days. Then, various nitrogen prepared in Production Examples 1 to 6 /
The test was performed by flowing supersaturated water of carbon dioxide gas . The tester used was a tester having a length of 50 cm, a width of 18 cm, and a depth of 20 cm, and a hard vinyl chloride tube (hereinafter referred to as a PVC tube) having an inner diameter of 13 mm was previously embedded in a depth of 10 cm at the center of the planter. Holes were made in this PVC pipe at 1 cm intervals with a 2 mm drill, and the pipe end was sealed. The other was placed on a planter with an L-shaped tube so that water could be supplied to the soil. The treated water was taken in a 20-liter plastic tank with a lower port, connected to the upper end of an L-shaped pipe via a hose, and irrigated into the soil by gravity flow. Irrigation was stopped when water flowed out of the drain hole at the bottom of the planter. The upper part of the planter was covered with a poly film. Five days after the treatment with the nitrogen / carbon dioxide supersaturated water, the survival of the scarab beetle larvae was examined.
In the investigation, all the soil of the planter was washed with water, the larvae were washed out, and life and death were confirmed. For comparison, a section similarly treated with distilled water and an untreated section not using water were also confirmed. The test was carried out using three planters per treatment section, and the average is shown in Table 1 as a result.

[0045]

[Table 1]

Example 4 Cucumber Seedling Blight Control Test Cucumber seedling blight (cucumber variety: Antarctica No. 2) in a greenhouse
Because of the occurrence of water, superficially saturated carbon dioxide gas produced in Production Example 1 and tap water as a comparison were supplied to the rock wool cultivation bed that became unusable instead of the hydroponic solution, and a test for controlling seedling damping was performed. . A watering tube was arranged on the top surface of the rock wool, and was designed so that a hydroponic solution was allowed to flow, and the whole was covered with silver policy. The hydroponic solution is drained from the drain and does not recirculate. Supply of treated water is 180
The cucumber seedlings were planted seven days later at a rate of 1 / h for 6 hours a day for two days. Table 2 shows the results.

[0047]

[Table 2]

[0048] [Example 5] the root knot nematode removal test 1 / 5000a Wagner pots bottom drain hole of plugging with a rubber stopper, placed tomato continuous cropping field of Meloidogyne incognita contaminated soil, nitrogen / carbon prepared in Preparation Example 1, 2 and 3
Acid gas was supplied so as to be submerged and left for 24 hours. Thereafter, the rubber stopper at the drain hole at the bottom of the Wagner pot was removed to drain water. Seven days later, seeds of balsam were sowed and general cultivation management was performed in a greenhouse. The test was performed in 4 pots in one treatment section, and the number of seeds was 10 grains per pot. On the 60th day after sowing, balsam was dug out, the roots were washed with water, and the degree of parasitism was determined for each individual by assigning a rank of 0 to 4 as shown in Table 3. Calculated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0049]

[Table 3]

[0050]

(Equation 1) Where A: number of root-knot parasites 1; B: number of root-knot parasites 2; C: number of root-knot parasites 3; D: number of root-knot parasites 4;

[0051]

[Table 4]

[Reference Example 1] Nematicidal test 1 / 5000a Wagner pot was filled with sterile soil and 3 g of a chemical fertilizer (N10-P10-K10) was added and mixed well. (Veneasma) was planted and nematodes were propagated. After sufficient propagation, the strain was taken out and egg mass was taken from the parasitic root. The egg mass collected from the parasitic root was wrapped in double gauze, a small glass vial was attached to the lower end of the Berman funnel, filled with water and allowed to stand in a constant temperature room at 25 ° C for 48 hours, and waited for hatching of the root-knot nematode. . A 9 cm diameter glass funnel was filled with the nitrogen / carbon dioxide gas supersaturated water produced in Production Examples 1, 2, and 3, and a small glass bottle was attached to the lower end of the funnel. The root-knot nematode larva hatched by the aforementioned apparatus was dropped by a micropipette. After covering the upper part of the funnel with Saran wrap and allowing it to stand at room temperature for 24 hours, the life and death of the nematode submerged in the glass tube bottle was examined. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0053]

[Table 5]

[Reference Example 2] Slug killing test A lottery produced in Chinese cabbage (variety Fukufu) planted in a pipe house was collected and tested. 200 ml of the nitrogen / carbon dioxide gas supersaturated water produced in Production Examples 1, 2 and 3 was placed in a 9 cm high waist petri dish, and 10 slugs each were placed therein. The top of the dish was covered with a pair of dishes. The survey was performed after 3 hours and the results are shown in Table 6.

[0055]

[Table 6]

[0056]

According to the present invention, a water in which a nitrogen gas and / or a carbon dioxide gas is supersaturated is irrigated on a soil or a growing bed such as rock wool, so that a soil-dwelling pest can be controlled. Protect and provide safe crops as pesticide-free and reduced pesticide cultivation methods.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a membrane module of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a nitrogen gas and a nitrogen gas using the membrane module of the present invention.
And / or a device for producing water in which carbon dioxide is supersaturated.

FIG. 3 shows nitrogen gas and water using the water pump of the present invention.
And / or a water producing apparatus in which carbon dioxide is supersaturated.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... hollow fiber membrane 2 ... module housing 3 ... resin sealing part 4 ... end face 5 ... cap 6 ... liquid inlet 7 Liquid outlet 8 Gas inlet 9 Gas outlet 10 Membrane module 11 Raw water 12 Branch pipe 13: Flow control valve 14: Leak valve 15: Water in which nitrogen gas and / or carbon dioxide gas is supersaturated 16: Nitrogen concentrator or generation of inert gas
Device 17 ··· Pressure control valve 18 ······ Leak valve 19 ········ Leak gas 20 ······ Gas pump 21 ····· Flow control valve 22 ······ Water pump 23 ... Raw water introduction pipe 24 ... Branch pipe

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-4-27333 (JP, A) JP-A-54-68761 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01M 17/00 JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for controlling pests inhabiting soil, which comprises irrigating water in which nitrogen gas and / or carbon dioxide gas has been supersaturated onto a soil or a growing bed. 2. The method for controlling pests inhabiting soil according to claim 1, wherein the water in which nitrogen gas and / or carbon dioxide gas is supersaturated is prepared by a membrane pressurization method. 3. The method for controlling pests inhabiting soil according to claim 2, wherein the membrane used in the membrane pressurization method is a hollow fiber membrane. 4. The method for controlling pests inhabiting soil according to claim 3, wherein the hollow fiber membrane is a heterogeneous membrane. 5. to nitrogen gas and / or carbon dioxide supersaturated water, any of claims 1 to 4 dissolved oxygen mole fraction in the total gas species dissolved in the water is less than 15% The method for controlling pests inhabiting soil according to the present invention. 6. Saturated nitrogen gas and / or carbon dioxide gas.
The method for controlling a pest according to claim 1 , wherein the water in the summed state is watered onto a soil or a growth bed surface covered with a substantially impermeable film or sheet. 7. Soil habitat by irrigating the soil or a growing bed.
Nitrogen gas and / or carbon dioxide used to control pests
Equipment for producing supersaturated water.
Te, (1) the gas passes through, and the liquid is not film membrane module and incorporated (2) transmitting a nitrogen concentrator walk
Consists of an inert gas generator , connects a water inflow pipe to one side of the membrane of the membrane module, and has a high nitrogen or high carbon dioxide concentration on the other side of the membrane.
An apparatus characterized by connecting an air introduction pipe. 8. Soil habitat by irrigating the soil or a growing bed.
Nitrogen gas and / or carbon dioxide used to control pests
Equipment for producing supersaturated water.
(1) water pump and (2) nitrogen concentrator or
It consists inert gas generator, with the introduction pipe of raw water to the suction side of the water pump, the nitrogen gas concentration
An apparatus characterized by comprising a suction pipe for high air or air having a high carbon dioxide concentration .