JP3189638B2 - Rotating high-speed rotating arc welding method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an oscillating high-speed rotating arc welding method for performing welding by oscillating a welding torch in a groove width direction while rotating an arc at a high speed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A high-speed rotating arc welding method is a method of performing welding while rotating an arc at a high speed at a predetermined radius.
Since the arc is dispersed, the amount of welding can be increased with a large current. As a result, this is a highly efficient welding method that can significantly improve the welding speed as compared with the conventional welding method using weaving.

However, when the groove width becomes larger than the upper limit of the radius of rotation of the arc due to the structure of the workpiece to be welded or restrictions on the groove processing, sufficient penetration at the groove wall portion is obtained. There is a problem that can not be.

As a method for coping with such a large groove width, there is a method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-39874. The method involves rotating an arc rotating at a high speed in the same direction at a constant cycle and amplitude in a groove width direction, detecting a waveform of an arc voltage or a welding current, and converting the waveform with respect to the welding progress direction. Divided into the left half cycle and the right half cycle of the groove center, the area of the left divided waveform of the rotation for the left half cycle of the oscillation, and the right half of the rotation for the right half cycle of the oscillation. In this method, the areas of the divided waveforms are integrated, the integrated values are compared, and the welding is performed while correcting the center position of the oscillation so that the difference becomes zero. In other words, by rotating the welding torch with a predetermined amplitude around the center of the groove width while rotating the arc at a high speed, even when the groove width is wide, the high-speed rotating arc is applied to the entire groove width. The welding method can be applied.

[0005]

Normally, when the arc is rotated at a high speed in the same direction, the directions of the arcs contacting the right and left sides of the groove in the welding direction differ from each other. Therefore, there is a difference in the influence of the rotation of the arc on the behavior of the molten metal, and there is a danger that the weld bead surface shape and the penetration shape become asymmetrical in the groove width direction.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a phenomenon in which a weld bead is biased left and right asymmetrically. Reference numerals 1 and 2 denote a material to be welded, 3 denotes a groove, 4 denotes a backing material, and 5 denotes the above-described asymmetrically. It is a biased weld bead. When welding is performed by rotating the arc clockwise, a weld bead having a raised shape is formed on the left side in the welding progress direction and a pressed shape is formed on the right side.

In the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-39874, the arc is rotated at a high speed in the same direction and swings in the groove width direction. The difference in the influence on the behavior of the metal becomes remarkable, and the above-mentioned weld bead tends to be left-right asymmetric in the groove width direction.

When such a biased bead is formed,
In FIG. 6, the problem that fusion failure is likely to occur at the right groove bottom and the groove bottom is asymmetric in lamination welding, so that the waveform of the arc voltage or the welding current does not become bilaterally symmetric. There is a problem that groove copying by the arc sensor is not performed well.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides an oscillating high-speed rotary arc welding method capable of forming a good welding bead even when a groove width is wide. is there.

[0010]

Means for solving the above-mentioned problems are described below.
The first method is to rotate the arc at high speed while welding
When welding is performed by rocking the switch in the groove width direction,
Reverse the rotation direction of the arc in the right half cycle and the left half cycle
Welding and the arc voltage or welding current
Detects the shape and rotates the waveform in a predetermined section of the right half cycle of oscillation.
Integrates within a predetermined range of the left half cycle and right half cycle
And the difference ΔS between the integrated value (SL) R and (SR) R_RTo
And the difference ΔS between the integral values_RIs a preset criterion
If it is larger than the value, adjust the position of the right end in the next swing.
Corrected to the inside, the difference ΔS _RIs preset
If it is smaller than the set reference value, the right end in the next swing
To the outside, and the position of the left half cycle of
Rotate the waveform in a fixed section at the right half cycle and the left half cycle
The integrals are respectively integrated in the fixed ranges, and the integrated values (SR) L and (S
L) Difference ΔS from L_LAnd the difference ΔS between the integral values_LGaara
Next swing if larger than the preset reference value
Is corrected to the inside, and the difference ΔS
_LIs smaller than the preset reference value,
Specially corrects the position of the left end
This is a swinging high-speed rotating arc welding method.

Further, the second means, in the oscillating high-speed rotary arc welding method of the first means, detects a fluctuation amount of a groove width by correcting a right end position and a left end position of the oscillating, An oscillating high-speed rotary arc welding method characterized in that welding conditions are controlled so that a constant bead height is maintained even when the groove width varies.

In the first invention, since the rotation directions in the right half cycle and the left half cycle of the swing are reversed, the arcs contacting the right and left wall surfaces in the welding progress direction on the right and left wall surfaces, respectively. Are both the same as the traveling direction, or both are in the opposite direction to the welding traveling direction. As a result, there is no difference in the influence of the rotation of the arc on the behavior of the weld metal in the left and right directions of the welding progress, so that the weld bead surface shape → the penetration shape is symmetrical in the groove width direction.

When the welding torch approaches the groove wall surface, the arc length on the groove wall surface side is shortened and the arc voltage and welding current are reduced, so that the integrated value of the arc rotation on the groove center side and the groove wall surface side is reduced. There is a difference. If the difference is larger than the reference value, it means that the welding torch is too close to the groove wall surface.In the next swing, the swing reversal position is corrected toward the groove center, and the difference is determined. Is smaller than the reference value, it means that the welding torch is too far away from the groove wall, so in the next swing, by correcting the swing reversal position toward the groove wall, Even if the groove width fluctuates or the groove line bends due to the processing accuracy of welding or the influence of welding heat, automatic groove copying can be performed.

Further, even if there is a change in the groove width, the amount of the change can be detected and the welding bead height can be made constant by adjusting the welding conditions.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a schematic view for explaining an embodiment of a swing high-speed rotating arc welding method according to the present invention.
(A) is a plan view and (B) is a groove sectional view.

In FIG. 1, reference numerals 1 and 2 denote a material to be welded, and 3 denotes a groove formed by the materials to be welded 1 and 2 and groove walls 1a and 2a.
a.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a center line of the groove 3. Reference numerals 7 and 8 denote wall edges of the groove 3. Reference numeral 9 denotes a locus of the rotation center of the high-speed rotating arc that oscillates in the groove 3, and also a locus of the welding torch.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the center of the rotating arc swings within the groove 3 so as to have a locus of a straight line portion A → B → C → D → E → F → A. The rotating direction of the arc rotating at high speed is clockwise (CW) in the section A → B on the right side (R) of the groove 3 and counterclockwise in the section D → E on the left side (L) of the groove 3. Turning (CCW) (direction of arrow).

Conversely, the direction of rotation of the arc may be counterclockwise in the right (R) section and clockwise in the left (L) section. It is sufficient that the rotation direction of the arc is symmetric with respect to the right and left sides of the groove 2a.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a weld bead W obtained according to the embodiment of the present invention, and a symmetrical weld bead is obtained.

FIG. 3 shows the locus of the welding torch, the change in the rotation speed of the arc, and the integration interval of the arc voltage (arc current) in the embodiment of the present invention. here,
The abscissa represents the time change and represents the position in the welding progress direction, and the swing positions A to F are entered.

FIG. 3A is a diagram showing the locus of the arc rotation center (welding torch). The vertical axis indicates the movement amount of the welding torch, with the right movement amount shown above and the left movement amount shown below. As an example, the swing pattern has a swing width of 3 mm, and the swing of the welding torch is stopped for a predetermined time at both ends (A → B, D → E) of the swing.

FIG. 3B is a timing chart of the change in the rotation speed of the arc. The vertical axis indicates the number of rotations of the arc, with the upper part showing right rotation and the lower part showing left rotation. The rotation direction of the arc is reversed near the groove centers C and F, and the arc rotation speed is set to 50H on the left and right groove walls A → B and D → E.
z is constant.

FIG. 3C shows a section in which the arc voltage or the welding current is integrated. The hatched portion is an integration section. In the right half cycle of the swing, integration is performed in a predetermined section between A and B, and in the left half cycle of the swing, integration is performed in a predetermined section between D and E.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an integral section and an integral range of the rotating arc arc voltage or welding current.

FIG. 4A is a schematic plan view of a groove.
In a predetermined section between A and B where the rotating arc approaches the groove right wall edge line 8, the arc voltages are respectively integrated in a predetermined range on the left side and a predetermined range on the right side of the arc rotation shown by hatching in FIG. And its integral value (SL) R and integral value (SR) R
Determining the difference ΔS _R with. Similarly, in the predetermined section between D and E when the rotating arc approaches the groove left wall edge line 7, FIG.
Then, the arc voltage is integrated in each of a predetermined range on the right side and a predetermined range on the left side of the arc rotation indicated by hatching, and a difference ΔS _L between the integrated value (SR) L and the integrated value (SL) L is obtained. Incidentally, C _f is a front center of the rotating arc, C _r denotes a rear center of the rotating arc. L indicates a left part, and R indicates a right part. The integration range is determined in an arbitrary range from 5 ° to 180 °.

Then, the differences ΔS _R and ΔS
The groove center direction if the difference is greater by comparing the S _L respectively reference value, the difference as is the groove wall surface direction if small, the welding torch 1 of the left and right respectively in the next swing
If the swing center of 1 is corrected, the automatic beveling of the welding torch 11 can be performed, and the swing width can be appropriately adjusted with respect to the variation of the bevel width.

Also, since the amount of change in the groove width can be detected,
By adjusting the welding conditions so as to correspond to the change in the welding cross-sectional area, the weld bead height can be kept constant even when the groove width changes.

Here, the variation width Δw of the groove is equal to the variation ΔG of the swing width, that is, Δw = W−Wo = ΔG. W:
Detected groove width, Wo: standard groove width Therefore, the change amount ΔSD of the welding cross-sectional area is as follows: ΔSD = Δw × Ho = ΔG × Ho, where the welding bead height is Ho.

FIG. 5 is a control circuit diagram in the above-described embodiment of the present invention. In FIG.
Is a groove, 4 is a backing material, and 10 is a welding power source. A power supply circuit from the welding power source 10 to the welding torch 11 and the workpiece 2 is formed by the power cable 10a and the earth cable 10b. 11 'is a welding wire, 1
2 is an arc.

Reference numeral 13 denotes a rotary motor for giving high-speed rotation to the arc 12, and high-speed rotation of the arc is obtained by rotating the welding torch 11 and the like eccentrically at high speed via a rotary drive unit 14.

Numeral 15 denotes an arc rotation position detector using an encoder or the like. An X-axis motor 16 drives the welding torch 11 in the groove width direction (X-axis).
Is detected by the X-axis position detector 17 as the X-axis movement amount (Xp).

Reference numeral 18 denotes an X-axis feed mechanism, and the X-axis motor 1
The drive shaft 6 comprises a screw shaft 18a and an arm 19 screwed to the screw shaft 18a. The above mechanism is mounted on a welding cart (not shown).

When an arc is generated in the welding wire 11 ′ of the welding torch 11 by energization from the welding power source 10 and the swing high-speed rotating arc welding is started by the X-axis motor 16 and the rotating motor 13, the arc voltage detector 20 detects The arc voltage between the welding torch 11 and the base material is determined by the arc rotation position detector 23 and the value (Xp) of the arc rotation position timing and the arc rotation center position in the groove width direction (position of the welding torch 11) on the X-axis. At the timing of output from the position detector 24, they are taken into the oscillating right half-cycle integrator 21 and the oscillating left half-cycle integrator 22, and are respectively (SR) R and (S
L) R and (SL) L and (SR) L are obtained.

Further, to the X-axis swing control circuit 25, swing start and stop commands and swing pattern commands (swing speed, swing width, stop time at both ends of the groove) are given.

The arc voltage waveform values taken into the oscillating right half cycle integrator 21 and the oscillating left half cycle integrator 22 are:
First, the integral value (S
R) R and an integrated value (SL) R on the left side.

Similarly, the output is divided into a left integral value (SL) L and a right integral value (SR) L of the arc rotation in the left half cycle.

The integral values on the left and right sides of the arc rotation in the left and right half cycles are calculated by subtracters 26 and 27 as (SL) R- (S
R) R = ΔS _R and (SR) L− (SL) L = ΔS _L
Get.

The left and right difference integrated values ΔS _R and ΔS _L are
Is compared with a reference value from a reference value setting unit 30 in the right and left ends setting calculator 28 and 29, If [Delta] S _R in the right half cycle is greater than the reference value, to the inside of the right end position of the rocking,
If it is small, it is controlled by the X-axis motor 16 via the command of the X-axis swing control circuit 25 and the X-axis drive circuit 31 so as to be corrected outward in the next swing. A similar correction is made to ΔS _L in the left half cycle.

The command from the X-axis swing control circuit 25 controls the torch rotation control circuit 32 and the torch rotation drive circuit 33 to give a reverse rotation command to the arc rotation motor 13. Since the X-axis swing control circuit 25 also controls the swing speed of the welding torch 11, a command is sent to the X-axis drive circuit 28 as a speed command.

As a method for keeping the welding bead height constant, a welding condition reference setting circuit 34 is provided. The reference swing width from the welding condition reference setting circuit 34 and the X-axis swing control circuit 25 The X axis swing width is subtracted by the subtractor 35 to output a swing width change amount ΔG. The swing width change amount ΔG is multiplied by the reference welding bead height Ho in the welding condition adaptive control calculation circuit 36 to calculate the change amount ΔSD of the welding cross-sectional area. The change amount ΔSD is compared with the value of the reference welding speed, and a command is issued to the welding control device 37 so as to obtain a welding speed corresponding to the change amount ΔSD of the welding cross-sectional area. As the control of the welding speed, for example, the speed of the welding carriage (not shown) is controlled to be slow if the gap is large, and to be fast if the gap is narrower than the standard.

The method of controlling the height of the welding bead with respect to the variation of the groove width includes a method of using both welding speed control and welding current control, a method of controlling welding current at a constant welding speed, and a control of welding wire feeding. It is also possible to use them in combination.

Although the above description has been made of the case where an arc voltage is used, the same effect can be obtained by using a welding current.

[0044]

When swinging is performed by the high-speed rotating arc welding method, the directions of the arc with respect to the groove wall are unified by reversing the direction of rotation of the arc on the left and right sides of the groove. Beads are formed. Then, by the left-right comparison method of the integrated value of the arc voltage, the groove copying can be automatically performed with high accuracy.

Further, since the welding conditions are controlled by detecting the change in the groove width, welding can be always performed with a welding bead having a constant height even when the groove width changes.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a swinging high-speed rotating arc welding method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a weld bead according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a locus of a welding torch, an arc rotation speed, and an integration section of an arc voltage (welding current) in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an integration section and an integration range of an arc voltage in an example of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a control circuit diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a weld bead formed by the prior art.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 welded material 2 welded material 3 groove 4 backing material 5 offset welding bead 6 groove center 7 groove right 8 groove left 9 swing locus 10 welding power source 11 welding torch 12 arc 13 rotating motor 14 rotating drive unit DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Arc rotation position detector 16 X-axis motor 17 X-axis position detector 18 X-axis feed mechanism 19 Arm 20 Arc voltage detector 21 Swing right half cycle integrator 22 Swing left half cycle integrator 23 Arc rotation position detector 24 X-axis position detector 25 X-axis swing control circuit 26 Subtractor 27 Subtractor 28 Left end setting computing unit 29 Right end setting computing unit 30 Reference unit setting unit 31 X-axis drive circuit 32 Torch rotation control circuit 33 Torch rotation drive circuit 34 Welding condition reference setting circuit 35 Subtractor 36 Welding condition adaptive control operation circuit 37 Welding control circuit

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23K 9/12 B23K 9/022 B23K 9/127

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] When welding is performed by oscillating a welding torch in a groove width direction while rotating an arc at a high speed, the rotation direction of the arc is reversed in a right half cycle and a left half cycle of the swing to perform welding. While performing, the waveform of the arc voltage or welding current is detected, and the waveform is integrated in a predetermined section of the right half cycle of the oscillation in a predetermined range of the left half cycle and the right half cycle of the rotation, respectively,
The difference [Delta] S _R between the integrated value (SL) R and (SR) R determined, the position of the right end on the inner side in the difference [Delta] S _R is large if the next than the predetermined reference value oscillation of the integrating value If the difference ΔS _R between the integral values is smaller than a preset reference value, the position of the right end in the next swing is adjusted outward, and the waveform is rotated in a predetermined section of the left half cycle of the swing. Are integrated in predetermined ranges of the right half cycle and the left half cycle, respectively, and their integrated values (SR) L and (S
L) obtains a difference [Delta] S _L of L, and when the difference [Delta] S _L of the integrating value is greater than the preset reference value to correct the position of the left end in the next swing inward, the difference in the integrating value [Delta] S
_{If L} is smaller than a preset reference value, the swinging high-speed rotating arc welding method is characterized in that the position of the left end in the next swing is corrected outward. 2. A swing high-speed rotary arc welding method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of change in the groove width is detected by correcting the right end position and the left end position of the swing so as to keep the weld bead height constant. An oscillating high-speed rotating arc welding method, wherein welding conditions are controlled in accordance with the variation.