JP3062544B2 - Greenhouse - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a greenhouse using solar heat collecting panels.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as one of the uses of leisure that has both a hobby and a profit, a person who enjoys agricultural work by using a part of a garden at each home or renting a vegetable garden in the suburbs. Is increasing. One of the pleasures of such a vegetable garden is to make summer flowers bloom in winter and to be able to self-sufficiently use pesticide-free vegetables throughout the year.For this purpose, a simple greenhouse such as a plastic greenhouse is used. Plants and crops are often grown in the temperature.

For example, in cold regions such as Hokkaido, it is difficult to grow crops at a predetermined temperature in winter even if a greenhouse is used. In commercial greenhouse cultivation, as a means to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at a constant level, there are places where heating with fossil fuel is performed, but such means requires fuel and combustion equipment, generates gas by combustion, and generates pollution. It is difficult to take in small-scale ones such as vegetable gardens. As described above, there has been no greenhouse that can maintain the greenhouse at a constant temperature even in winter by simple means and can be applied to a home garden.

On the other hand, as a means for maintaining a constant temperature in the greenhouse, a method of installing a heat collecting panel for collecting heat from sunlight on a roof or the like of the greenhouse can be considered. When light is received, direct sunlight is prevented from entering the greenhouse, and the amount of direct sunlight necessary for growing plants is insufficient.

On the other hand, the applicant has previously filed Japanese Patent Application No. 9-1596.
As No. 94, a greenhouse as shown in Fig. 10 was proposed and filed.

The greenhouse 1 made of a framed material 1a and a transparent film or plate made of vinyl or the like is connected to a heating means of a solar heat collecting device 4 and connected to the heat collecting device 4 to supply hot air into the greenhouse. A heat storage circulating means using a circulating pipe for storing heat in the soil of the greenhouse is provided. The heat collecting device 4 is provided on the southern inclined surface of the roof 2, and a plurality of heat collecting panels 12 are arranged in parallel and installed in the greenhouse 1 inside the roof 2. The size of the heat collecting panel 12 is arbitrarily determined according to the structure and scale of the greenhouse 1, and is installed so that it can be removed when unnecessary.

A heat storage circulating means is provided which is connected to the heat collecting device 4 to supply hot air into the greenhouse 1 and store heat in the soil of the greenhouse. This heat storage circulation means
A heat collection tube 15 having a suction port 16 opened to the exhaust port 11 of the heat collection panel 12, a falling air pipe 17 connected to the heat collection pipe 15 and being piped along a side wall in the greenhouse, and a falling air pipe 17
Underground pipe 18 is a lower horizontal pipe buried in the soil connected to
And a blower pipe rising from the soil connected to the soil pipe 18
It consists of 19.

The heat collecting tube 15 is disposed horizontally inside the top of the roof 2 of the wife type, and a suction port 16 is formed at a position corresponding to the exhaust port 11 of the heat collecting panel 12 in the longitudinal direction. Exhaust port 11
And the suction port 16 may be separated as shown,
You can also connect directly.

The falling blower tube 17 connects an opening at the upper end to the lower center of the heat collecting tube 15, and opens another suction port 30 below a middle height position of the falling blower tube 17, An electric blower fan 20 is attached below the suction port 30.

An underground pipe 18 as a heat storage pipe is provided with a ridge 21 in the greenhouse 1.
One main pipe 18a was connected to the center in a direction orthogonal to the main pipe 18a, and a plurality of branch pipes 18b were connected in parallel with the ridge 21 so as to be located between the ridges 21 from both sides of the main pipe 18a. The end of the branch pipe 18b has a length reaching the side of the greenhouse 1.

The rising air pipes 19 are provided at the ends of the branch pipes 18b, respectively, and open the outlet 25 at the upper end to the lower part in the greenhouse 1.

The falling air pipe 17, the earth pipe 18 and the rising air pipe 19 are all flexible pipes made of light metal such as aluminum. Thus, the heat storage tube 18 and the rising blower tube 19 can be formed as an integral tube by bending upward in the middle, thereby preventing corrosion.

A heat insulation panel 26 for preventing heat radiation in winter is removably provided on the northern roof 2 and the side wall of the greenhouse 1, and heat insulation panels 27 and 28 for preventing heat radiation at night are provided on the side wall of the greenhouse 1. At an appropriate position such as a portion below a middle position in the height direction of the greenhouse 1 and a horizontal middle portion of the space in the greenhouse 1. Urethane foam, styrene foam, or the like is used as a material for the heat insulating panels 26 to 28. In the drawing, reference numeral 29 denotes a locking member for the heat insulating panel 28 provided at the horizontal intermediate portion.

Next, the operation will be described. If the temperature inside the greenhouse 1 cannot be maintained at a predetermined value simply by blocking the air with vinyl or the like in a cold region, etc., if the heat collection panel 12 is installed inside the roof 2 of the greenhouse 1, Irradiates and is warmed.

The air in the greenhouse 1 is supplied to the air inlet 10 of the heat collecting panel 12.
And the air heated by the solar heat reaches the exhaust port 11.

The warm air thus heated in the heat collecting panel 12 and discharged from the exhaust port 11 is sucked into the heat collecting tube 15 from the suction port 16 by the suction force of the blower fan 20, and is transferred to the heat collecting tube 15. It further flows through the connected falling air pipe 17 and flows into the underground pipe 18 buried underground,
a flows into the branch pipe 18b. Exhaust port 11 and suction port
16 is separated from the greenhouse 1 by the warm air from the exhaust port 11.
The air inside can be mixed and taken in.

A part of the heat of the warm air sent into the branch pipe 18 b is radiated to the surroundings to warm the soil, and another part rises and flows to the blower pipe 19.

The warm air that has flowed through the rising blower tube 19 blows warm air into the greenhouse 1 from the outlet 25 at the upper end. Since a plurality of the rising blower tubes 19 are arranged at substantially equal intervals along the side wall of the greenhouse 1, warm air is blown out uniformly to each part in the greenhouse 1. The sunlight passing through the heat collecting panel 12 irradiates plants and the like in the greenhouse 1 as direct sunlight, and heats the inside of the greenhouse 1. Thereby, the air in the greenhouse 1 is maintained at a predetermined temperature or higher.

The air blown into the greenhouse 1 is a heat collecting panel.
The air is sucked in again from the inlet 10 of 12 and is heated here, and is sent from the outlet 11 to the heat collecting tube 15, the falling blower tube 17, and the underground tube 18, and this is repeated.

Even at night or on a day without sunshine, the soil around the pipe is warmed by heat radiation into the soil, and heat is stored in the soil, which prevents freezing of the soil in a cold region, especially in winter.

Further, at night or when there is no sunshine, the side wall of the lower part of the greenhouse is covered with the heat insulating panel 27 and the greenhouse 1
A heat insulating panel 28 is arranged at an intermediate position of the inside space to divide the inside of the greenhouse 1 into upper and lower parts, forming a narrow space closed only in the lower part where plants are growing, and sucked from the suction port 30. The circulating hot air blown from the outlet 25 efficiently heats only this narrow space.

In the winter, by covering the entire northern side of the greenhouse 1 with the heat insulating panel 26, heat radiation on the northern side without sunshine can be prevented. Installation of such insulation panels 26-28 need only be leaned or placed.

The falling air pipe 17 further connects a suction pipe 33 to the upper part thereof, and the suction pipe 33 is connected to the greenhouse 1.
It is horizontally arranged on the uppermost part under the roof 2 inside, and a suction port 34 is provided on the upper surface and the end.

Then, when there is sunshine, the air heated by the heat collecting panel 12 falls from the heat collecting tube 15 and is sent to the blower tube 17, and is blown out through the soil tube 18 and the rising blower tube 19.
It blows out into the greenhouse 1 from 25, and the temperature in the greenhouse 1 is maintained at a predetermined value or more.

The air in the greenhouse 1 is sucked in from the suction port 34 of the suction pipe 33, and is blown into the greenhouse 1 again from the outlet 25 together with the warm air from the heat collecting pipe 15. As a result, a suitable amount of fresh outside air is taken in from the side of the heat collecting panel 12, and ventilation can be performed.

At night, as in the first embodiment, the lower half of the side wall of the greenhouse 1 is covered with the heat insulating panel 27 to reduce the space that needs to be kept warm. Inhale only from

Accordingly, the space in which the hot air circulates is
It is only the lower half inside, and at night or when there is no sunshine, the soil pipe 18
Temperature storage using the heat storage in the soil.

[0028]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a simple facility, low cost, capable of maintaining the inside at a constant temperature in a cold region in winter and in a home garden, as described above. Greenhouses that can be cultivated and enjoy the vegetable garden for the whole year can be enjoyed throughout the year, and do not prevent the direct sunlight from entering, and improve the greenhouse that can secure the direct sunlight necessary for plant growth. It is an object of the present invention to provide a greenhouse which can simplify photosynthesis by supplying oxygen to activate photosynthesis and further incorporating a water sprinkling device in a main body.

[0029]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides two light transmitting plates opposing each other with a space therebetween.
A large number of heat collecting plates composed of corrugated sheets
Obliquely arranged in a louver shape, between the upper and lower translucent plates
A heat collecting panel as a heating means covering the periphery of the louver with a frame attached to the periphery is installed on the roof of the greenhouse, and a suction port of a circulating pipe is opened to an exhaust port of the heat collecting panel as a heat storage circulating means, The middle of the circulating pipe falls and falls as a blower pipe, the tip of which is disposed in the soil as a submerged pipe using a drainage net pipe, and a water supply pipe having a hole in the pipe wall is disposed therein. Then, the outlet at the upper end of the blower pipe rising from the soil continuous with the soil pipe is opened at the lower part of the greenhouse,
The gist is that a blower fan is provided in the middle of the falling blower pipe of the circulation pipe, and the drainage pipe is a branch pipe portion of the underground pipe.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the temperature in the greenhouse 1 cannot be maintained at a predetermined value only by blocking the air with vinyl or the like in a cold region or the like, the heat collection panel is provided as a means for temperature correction. Because it is installed inside the roof, it shines sunlight and warms it, the air in the greenhouse enters through the inlet of the heat collection panel, and the air heated by the solar heat reaches the exhaust.

The warm air heated in the heat collecting panel in this way and discharged from the exhaust port is sucked into the heat collecting tube constituting a part of the circulation pipe from the suction port by the suction force of the blower fan. It flows further in the falling air pipe connected to the heat pipe, flows into the underground pipe buried underground,
It flows from the main pipe to the branch pipe.

Part of the hot air sent into the branch pipe is blown out into the soil from the mesh of the net pipe, heats the surrounding soil and is stored therein, and another part rises and flows into the blower pipe. Flows.

Since the drainage mesh pipe is used as the soil pipe, a part of the circulation pipe is blown out from the mesh into the soil when warm air passes through the soil pipe, thereby releasing oxygen into the soil. Supply. As a result, photosynthesis of the plant is promoted. In addition, the water that goes out from the holes in the water supply pipe oozes out into the soil from the mesh of the pipe in the soil pipe, and is evenly supplied to the soil (water sprinkling). However, as compared with the conventional watering method, the watering efficiency is good and the equipment cost is small and long-lasting.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above operation, only the branch pipe portion of the underground pipe is a drainage net pipe and the main pipe section is an ordinary pipe. The hot air does not leak to the outside, and it is possible to blow air with little loss.

[0035]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing one embodiment of the greenhouse of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same roof part,
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the middle part of the above soil, and FIG.
The same components as those described above are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In this embodiment, the greenhouse 1 is composed of a frame member 1a made of lightweight steel and light-transmitting plates 3, 5, and 6 made of polycarbonate. The wall plate of the wall and the roof plate of the roof 2 are also made of this transparent plate. .

Heat collecting panel to be a heat collecting device 4 on the roof 2
12 as shown in FIG. 6 to FIG.
Reference numeral 12 denotes a large number of heat collecting plates 7 arranged diagonally in a louver shape at an interval in a space between two opposing light-transmitting plates 5 and 6 with an interval above and below. Of the light transmitting plates, at least the light transmitting plate 5 arranged on the sunlight incident side is formed of a corrugated plate, and the other light transmitting plate 6 is formed of a flat plate. The upper end is brought into contact with the valley of the corrugated sheet.

The heat collecting plate 7 is also formed of a corrugated plate, and the frame 7a is attached to both ends, and the wave direction of the corrugated plate is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the wave direction of the corrugated plate of the light transmitting plate 5. At the lower end of the heating plate 7, the frame 7a was in contact with the lower translucent plate 6.

Thus, at the upper end of the heat collecting plate 7, a bottleneck which becomes the air flow passage 8 is formed inside the crest of the light transmitting plate 5 formed of a corrugated plate, and at the lower end of the heat collecting plate 7. When the frame 7a is in contact with the light transmitting plate 6, the heat collecting plate 7 formed of a corrugated plate is slightly separated from the light transmitting plate 6 and another air flow passage 9 is formed between the heat collecting plate 7 and the peak of the heat collecting plate 7. Is formed.

As shown in FIG. 6, when a plurality of heat collecting plates 7 are arranged in parallel, the direct sunlight does not impinge on the heat collecting plates 7 and the light directly passes through the opposing light transmitting plates 5 and 6. It is determined so that the permeable gap 13 is formed.

Then, a frame 12a is attached around the upper and lower translucent plates 5 and 6 to cover the periphery of the louver, and the heat collecting panel
12, the lower frame in the installed state of the heat collecting panel 12
A gap is provided between the lower frame 12a and the lower light-transmitting plate 6, and the gap is formed between the upper frame 12a and the lower light-transmitting plate 6. Formed. Of the air flow passages 8 and 9, the upper air flow passage 8 is formed in a waveform along the lower surface of the upper light transmitting plate 5 from the upper surface of the heat collecting plate 7. Is formed substantially linearly between the lower end of the heat collecting plate 7 and the lower light transmitting plate 6.

In the drawing, reference numeral 14 denotes a concrete block of a foundation provided at appropriate intervals. Further, the heat insulating panel 36 is buried in the soil on the lower extension of the side wall of the greenhouse 1.

In a greenhouse 1 of a greenhouse having such a shape, a heating means by a solar heat collecting device 4
A heat storage circulating means, which is connected to the heat collector 4 and supplies a hot air into the greenhouse and stores heat in the soil of the greenhouse, is provided. The heat collecting device 4 is disposed on the southern inclined surface of the roof 2.
Installed in the greenhouse 1 inside. The heat collecting panel 12 may be provided separately from the roof panel, and may be installed so that it can be removed when not needed.

A heat storage circulating means is provided which is connected to the heat collecting device 4 to supply hot air into the greenhouse 1 and store heat in the soil of the greenhouse. This heat storage circulation means
A heat collection tube 15 having a suction port 16 opened to the exhaust port 11 of the heat collection panel 12, a falling air pipe 17 connected to the heat collection pipe 15 and being piped along a side wall in the greenhouse, and a falling air pipe 17
Underground pipe 18 is a lower horizontal pipe buried in the soil connected to
And a rising blower pipe from the soil communicating with the soil pipe 18
It consists of 19.

The heat collecting tube 15 is horizontally disposed inside the top of the roof 2 of the wife type, and has a suction port 16 formed at a position corresponding to the exhaust port 11 of the heat collecting panel 12 in the longitudinal direction. Exhaust port 11
And the suction port 16 may be separated as shown,
You can also connect directly.

The falling blower tube 17 connects the upper end opening to the lower center of the heat collecting tube 15, and the first damper box 40 a is located at an intermediate height of the falling blower tube 17.
A handling box in which a fan storage box 40b of the electric blower fan 20 and a second damper box 40c are assembled is provided, and a lower blow duct 38 provided in an intermediate portion of the greenhouse 1 is provided.
Was connected to the first damper box 40a. The end of the lower air duct 38 opens into the greenhouse 1 as a suction port 30, and the greenhouse 1 is vertically divided by an intermediate heat insulating cover plate 39 provided on the upper surface of the lower air duct 38.

The underground pipe 18 has one main pipe 18a connected to the falling blower pipe 17 at the center in the direction orthogonal to the ridges 21 in the greenhouse 1, and between the ridges 21 from both sides of the main pipe 18a. A plurality of branch pipes 18b were connected in parallel with the ridge 21 so as to be located. This branch pipe
The end of 18b has a length reaching the side of the greenhouse 1.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the branch pipe 18b uses a drainage pipe, and a water supply pipe 41 having a large number of holes 41a formed in the pipe wall is disposed therein.

In another embodiment, the main pipe 18a may be a drainage pipe. The rising blower pipes 19 are provided at the ends of the branch pipes 18b, respectively, and open the outlet 25 at the upper end to the lower part in the greenhouse 1.

When the temperature inside the greenhouse 1 cannot be maintained at a predetermined value only by blocking the air with the light-transmitting plates 3, 5 and 6 in a cold region or the like, the heat collection panel 12 is used as a means for temperature correction. If it is installed inside, the light transmitting plate 5 of the heat collecting panel 12
And the sunlight irradiates the heat collecting plate 7 to be heated.

The air in the greenhouse 1 is supplied to the intake port 10 of the heat collecting panel 12.
From the light-transmitting plates 5 and 6, and the air heated by the heat from the heat-collecting plate 7 rises along the heat-collecting plate 7 to form a bottleneck between the upper light-transmitting plate 5. The air flows through the air flow passage 8 formed between the upper surface of the heat collecting plate 7 and the light transmitting plate 5 and reaches the exhaust port 11.

The air that has not flowed in the direction of the upper surface of the heat collecting plate 7 passes through an air flow passage 9 formed between the lower part of the heat collecting plate 7 and the light transmitting plate 6 on the lower side, and is heated during this time. To exhaust port 11.

The warm air thus heated in the heat collecting panel 12 and discharged from the exhaust port 11 is sucked into the heat collecting pipe 15 from the suction port 16 by the suction force of the blower fan 20, and is transferred to the heat collecting pipe 15. It further flows through the connected falling air pipe 17 and flows into the underground pipe 18 buried underground,
a flows into the branch pipe 18b.

A part of the warm air sent into the branch pipe 18b is blown out into the soil from the mesh of the mesh pipe, heats the surrounding soil and stores heat therein, and another part rises and blows air. Flows into tube 19.

The warm air that has flowed through the rising blower pipe 19 blows warm air into the greenhouse 1 from the outlet 25 at the upper end. Since a plurality of the descending blower tubes 19 are arranged at substantially equal intervals along the side wall of the greenhouse 1, warm air is blown out uniformly to each part in the greenhouse 1. The sunlight passing through the light transmitting plate 6 through the gap 13 between the heat collecting plates 7 of the heat collecting panel 12 irradiates plants and the like in the greenhouse 1 as direct sunlight and heats the inside of the greenhouse 1. I do. Thereby, the air in the greenhouse 1 is maintained at a predetermined temperature or higher.

The air blown into the greenhouse 1 is a heat collecting panel.
The air is sucked in again from the inlet 10 of 12 and is heated here, and is sent from the outlet 11 to the heat collecting tube 15, the falling blower tube 17, and the underground tube 18, and this is repeated.

Even at night or when there is no sunshine, the heat radiation from the underground pipe 18 is stored in the surrounding soil to prevent the temperature of the greenhouse 1 from dropping.
In this case, since the branch pipes 18b are arranged along the ridges 21, the respective portions in the greenhouse 1 can be heated almost uniformly. Further, the soil around the pipe is warmed by heat radiation from the soil pipe 18 into the soil, and the freezing of the soil in a cold region is prevented particularly in winter.

Further, at night or when there is no sunshine, the lower part of the greenhouse is divided by the intermediate heat insulating cover plate 39, and the inside of the greenhouse 1 is divided into upper and lower parts, and only the lower part where plants are growing is closed. Formed a narrow space, sucked from the suction port 30,
The circulating warm air blown out from the outlet 25 efficiently heats only this narrow space.

Then, when there is sunshine, the air warmed by the heat collecting panel 12 falls from the heat collecting tube 15 and is sent to the blower tube 17, and is blown out through the soil tube 18 and the rising blower tube 19.
It blows out into the greenhouse 1 from 25, and the temperature in the greenhouse 1 is maintained at a predetermined value or more.

Thus, the space in which the hot air circulates is
It is only the lower half inside, and at night or when there is no sunshine, the soil pipe 18
Temperature storage using the heat storage in the soil.

When soil water supply (water sprinkling) is required,
Water that flows through the water supply pipe 41 and goes out through the hole 41a oozes out into the soil from the mesh of the underground pipe 18, and is uniformly supplied to the soil (water sprinkling).

A radiating coil may be provided in the fan storage box 40b and connected to the methane gas boiler 42 to serve as a heat source at night or when there is no sunshine.

[0063]

As described above, the greenhouse of the present invention can be used in a cold region in the winter season, even in a home garden, using a simple device to effectively utilize sunlight and maintain the inside at a constant temperature at low cost. It is possible to cultivate crops in winter and enjoy the vegetable garden for the whole year, without interrupting the direct sunlight, and collecting heat so that the direct sunlight necessary for plant growth can be secured. You can do it.

In addition, oxygen can be supplied to the soil to activate photosynthesis, and the water sprinkling equipment can be incorporated into the main body to simplify the apparatus.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional front view showing one embodiment of a greenhouse of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a roof part showing one embodiment of the greenhouse of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a submerged portion showing one embodiment of the greenhouse of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a submerged portion showing one embodiment of the greenhouse of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing a main part of a submerged portion showing one embodiment of the greenhouse of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the heat collecting panel.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a heat collecting panel.

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional side view of an end of the heat collecting panel.

FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional side view of a central portion of the heat collecting panel.

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Greenhouse 1a ... Frame material 2 ... Roof 3 ... Translucent plate 4 ... Heat collecting device 5, 6 ... Translucent plate 7 ... Heat collecting plate 7a ... Frame body 8, 9 ... Air flow passage 10 ... Inlet 11 ... Exhaust Mouth 12 ... Heat collecting panel 12a ... Frame 13 ... Gap 14 ... Concrete block 15 ... Heat collecting tube 16 ... Suction port 17 ... Falling blower pipe 18 ... Soil pipe 18a ... Main pipe 18b ... Branch pipe 19 ... Rise blower pipe 20 … Blower fan 21… Ridge 25… Outlet 26-28… Insulation panel 29… Locking member 30… Suction port 33… Suction pipe 34… Suction port 36… Insulation panel 38… Lower ventilation duct 39… Intermediate heat insulation cover plate 40a… First damper box 40b Fan storage box 40c Second damper box 41 Water supply pipe 41a Hole 42 Boiler

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. Two translucent sheets opposing each other with an interval above and below.
A large number of heat collecting plates composed of corrugated plates are separated by spaces in the space between the plates.
And the upper and lower light-transmitting plates
A heat collecting panel as a heating means covering the periphery of the louver by attaching a frame around the space between the louvers is installed on the roof of the greenhouse, and a suction port of a circulation pipe is opened to an exhaust port of the heat collecting panel as a heat storage circulating means. Then, the middle of the circulating pipe falls and falls as a blower pipe, and the tip thereof is disposed in the soil as an underground pipe using a drainage net pipe, and a hole is formed in the pipe wall inside the pipe. A water supply pipe is provided, a blow-out fan at the upper end of the rising blower pipe from the soil connected to the soil pipe is opened at the lower part of the greenhouse, and a blower fan is provided in the middle of the falling blower pipe of the circulation pipe. A greenhouse characterized by being provided. 2. The greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the drainage net pipe is a branch pipe part of the underground pipe.