JP2969029B2 - Mechanical automatic transmission - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mechanical automatic transmission, such as a fully automatic transmission or a semi-automatic transmission, which is used in a vehicle or the like and is constructed based on a gear type transmission.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a mechanical automatic transmission, a constant mesh type (constantly meshing type) transmission is used for a vehicle or the like (for example, Book Publishing Co., Ltd., July 2, 1989).
5th "New Edition-Automotive Engineering Handbook" 5-12-
See page 13.) In a conventional mechanical automatic transmission, there is a main shaft gear (driven gear) that idles on a main shaft (main shaft), and this is always meshed with a sub shaft gear (drive gear) of a sub shaft (counter shaft). A plurality of coupling sleeves on the spline are slid to engage the main gear and the main shaft to transmit power. In this case, there is no damage to the teeth that is likely to occur when the gears mesh with each other, the sliding distance of the gears is short, and the stroke of the shift lever (shift fork) can be reduced.

[0003] In a conventional constant mesh type transmission, when changing the meshing between the main shaft gear and the main shaft to change the speed, the rotational speed of the main shaft gear and the main shaft to be meshed after the speed change is synchronized, and then the coupling sleeve is moved. The main shaft gear and the main shaft are engaged by sliding. It takes a considerable amount of time to synchronize (synchronize) the rotational speeds of the main shaft gear and the main shaft that should be meshed with each other after the shift, and the shift is not performed quickly.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a mechanical automatic transmission, which is based on a constant mesh type transmission, and disengages a clutch between an engine and an input shaft to change the speed on a main shaft. the positive direction of rotation and by utilizing the reverse rotation of the reverse driven gear, respond to movement of the synchro piston of the first-speed driven gear
Flip by actuating the synchro fork, accelerate or decelerate the countershaft (countershaft), chewing after shifting
Driven gear and output shaft (spindle) to be matched
Another object of the present invention is to synchronize the rotation speed of the drive shaft and the rotation speed of the drive shaft and the rotation speed of the counter shaft, which are to be meshed with each other after the shift, to reduce the time required for the shift.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A clutch is disposed between an engine and an input shaft, a counter shaft and an output shaft are disposed in parallel, and a plurality of drive gears and outputs of the counter shaft are provided.・
In a mechanical automatic transmission in which a plurality of driven gears of a shaft are always meshed, a reverse-side sync disk, a reverse-side sync plate, a sync fork , are provided between a reverse driven gear and a first-speed driven gear .
A first-speed sync plate and a first-speed sync disk are provided, and each sync disk has an output shaft.
Sync disk with splined disc
The splined disk is sandwiched between the plates,
Synchro pis slidably fitted to the synchro cylinder
Ton synchro fork is connected to, synchro fork is moved toward the reverse driven gear, reverse
When the reverse side sync disk is pressed by the side sync plate and the reverse driven gear , rotational force is transmitted between the output shaft and the reverse driven gear via the reverse side sync disk,
The synchro fork is moved toward the first-speed driven gear, and is moved by the first-speed synchro plate and the first-speed driven gear.
When the first-speed side sync disk is pressed into contact with the first-speed side sync disk, a rotational force is transmitted between the output shaft and the first-speed driven gear via the first-speed side sync disk.

[0006]

[Function] When the clutch between the engine and the input shaft is disconnected, the synchro fork is moved toward the reverse driven gear and the reverse side sync disk is pressed against the reverse shaft, and the output shaft is reversed from the output shaft via the reverse side sync disk. , A rotational force in the opposite direction is transmitted, and the rotational speed of the counter shaft decreases. Also, when the clutch between the engine and the input shaft is disconnected, the synchro fork is moved toward the first speed driven gear, and the first speed side synchro disk is pressed against
A positive rotational force is transmitted from the output shaft to the first-speed driven gear via the high-speed sync disk, and the rotational speed of the counter shaft increases.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. A clutch housing 17 is connected to one end (the left end in FIG. 1) of the gear case 16, and a rear cover 18 is connected to the other end (the right end in FIG. 1) of the gear case 16. The input side of the input shaft 19 is connected to the output side of the clutch 20, and the output side of the input shaft 19 is supported by a front bearing 21 of the gear case 16. One end (the left end in FIG. 1) of the output shaft 22 is supported by a bearing 23 disposed at the output end of the input shaft 19, and the other end (the right end in FIG. 1) of the output shaft 22 is a gear case. 16 are supported by the rear bearing 24 and the bearing 25 of the rear cover 18, respectively. Counter shaft arranged parallel to output shaft 22
One end of the shaft 26 is supported by a bearing 27 of the gear case 16, the other end of the counter shaft 26 is supported by a bearing 28 of the gear case 16, and the other end of the counter shaft 26 projects into the rear cover 18.

A counter shaft gear 39 and an inner periphery of a fourth speed drive gear 44 are fitted to one end of the counter shaft 26, and the counter shaft gear 39 and the fourth speed drive gear 44 are connected by keys 37 and 38. Counter shaft 26
Are fixed respectively. The part of the counter shaft 26 between the fourth speed drive gear 44 and the bearing 28 is
A high speed drive gear 43, a reverse drive gear 40, a second speed drive gear 42, and a first speed drive gear 41 are sequentially formed, and a fifth speed driven gear 35 at the output end of the input shaft 19 is formed.
Always meshes with the counter shaft gear 39. At the other end of the counter shaft 26 protruding into the rear cover 18, a 6-speed drive gear 46 is pivotally supported via a spacer and a needle bearing. Is splined. A sleeve 61 is spline-coupled to the outer periphery of the hub 60. When the sleeve 60 is moved to the sixth speed drive gear 46, the sleeve 61 connects the hub 60 and the spline of the sixth speed drive gear 46.

A fourth speed driven gear 34, a reverse driven gear 30, and a first speed driven gear 31 are supported on the output shaft 22 via needle bearings, respectively, and a third speed driven gear 33, via a spacer and a needle bearing, respectively. A second-speed driven gear 32 is pivotally supported. 4-speed driven gear 3 with output shaft 22
4, 3rd driven gear 33, 2nd driven gear 32, 1st driven gear 31 are 4th drive gear 44 of counter shaft 26, 3rd drive gear 43, 2nd drive gear
The first and second speed drive gears 41 always mesh with each other, and the gears of the reverse driven gear 30 always mesh with the reverse drive gear 40 via idle gears (not shown). A hub 49 is spline-coupled to the output shaft 22 between one end of the output shaft 22 and the fourth speed driven gear 34, and a hub is provided between the third speed driven gear 33 and the second speed driven gear 32 of the output shaft 22. 50
Are spline-coupled to the output shaft 22.
A sixth-speed driven gear 36 is spline-coupled to the output shaft 22 between the rear bearing 24 and the bearing 25, and the sixth-speed driven gear 36 always meshes with the gear of the sixth-speed drive gear 46.

On the outer periphery of the output shaft 22 between the reverse driven gear 30 and the first speed driven gear 31,
A synchro hub 13 is formed, and a synchro sleeve 9 is spline-coupled to an outer periphery of the synchro hub 13. The tip of a first-speed / retraction shifter fork 51 is engaged between two annular projections projecting from the center of the outer periphery of the synchro sleeve 9, and the two annular projections on the outer periphery of the synchro sleeve 9 are engaged. Are provided with annular reverse side disk sleeves 7 and 1.
The high-speed disk sleeve 12 is spline-coupled. When the synchro sleeve 9 is moved by the first speed / reverse shifter fork 51 and the first speed / reverse shifter fork 51 is moved to the reverse driven gear 30 side, the spline of the synchro sleeve 9 becomes the spline of the synchro hub 13 and the reverse driven gear. Engage with 30 splines. Conversely 1
When the speed / reverse shifter fork 51 moves to the first speed driven gear 31, the spline of the synchro sleeve 9 meshes with the spline of the synchro hub 13 and the spline of the first speed driven gear 31. Reverse side disk sleeve 7 and 1
A reverse-side sync disk (multi-plate clutch) 11 and a first-speed sync disk 6 are provided outside the high-speed disk sleeve 12, respectively. Synchro disk 11.6-3
The two disks (one disk) are spline-coupled to the outer circumferences of the disk sleeves 7 and 12, respectively, and are sandwiched between three disks (one disk) of the sync disks 1 and 6. Are spline-coupled to the inner circumferences of the annular disk rings 15 and 14. Synchro plates 8 and 10 are provided on the inner circumference of disc rings 15 and 14.
Is also splined, and the reverse side sync disk 11
Can be fastened by the side surface of the reverse driven gear 30 and the reverse-side sync plate 8, and the first-speed sync disk 6 can be fastened by the side surface of the first-speed driven gear 31 and the first-speed sync plate 10. . The tip of the synchro fork 5 is disposed between the reverse side synchro plate 8 and the first speed side synchro plate 10, and the synchro disks 11.6 are tightened by the movement of the synchro fork 5.

5th driven gear 35 and 4th driven gear 34
A sleeve 54 is spline-coupled to the outer periphery of the hub 49 between the third gear and the third-speed driven gear 33, and a sleeve 55 is spline-coupled to the outer periphery of the hub 50 between the third-speed driven gear 33 and the second-speed driven gear 32. In the annular recesses on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeves 54 and 55, the 4th speed
5-speed shifter fork 52 and 2-speed / 3-speed shifter fork 53
Are respectively engaged, and the sleeves 54 and 55 are moved by shifter forks 52 and 53, respectively. When the sleeve 54 moves to the fifth speed driven gear 35 side, the sleeve 54
Are connected to the spline of the hub 49 and the spline of the fifth speed driven gear 35, and when the sleeve 54 moves to the fourth speed driven gear 34 side, the spline of the sleeve 54
49 and the spline of the fourth speed driven gear 34. When the sleeve 55 moves to the third speed driven gear 33 side, the spline of the sleeve 55 is connected to the spline of the hub 50 and the spline of the third speed driven gear 33,
When the 55 moves to the second speed driven gear 32 side, the spline of the sleeve 55 becomes the spline of the hub 50 and the second speed driven gear.
Join to 32 splines. In the gear case 16, three shift rods are slidably disposed in parallel with the output shaft 22, the shifter fork 53 is fixed to the shift rod 56, and the shifter forks 51 and 52 are connected to other shift rods (not shown). Each is fixed. The tip of the shift arm 57 is engaged with the concave portion above the shifter fork 53, and the sleeve 55 is moved by the swing of the shift arm 57. The synchro cylinder 1 is arranged on the other upper end of the gear case 16,
The synchro piston 3 is slidably fitted in the synchro cylinder 1, and the hollow cylinder shaft 4 connected to the synchro piston 3 extends into the gear case 16. A shift rod 56 is slidably inserted into the hollow cylinder shaft 4, and the tip of the hollow cylinder shaft 4 (the left end in FIG. 1).
Is connected to the upper part of the synchro fork 5.

Next, the operation of the embodiment of the present invention will be described. When shifting up while the vehicle is running, the clutch 20
And supply fluid to the head side of the synchro cylinder 1 (the right side of the synchro piston 3 in FIG. 1) to move the synchro fork 5 to the reverse driven gear 30 side. 8
The reverse side sync disk 11 is pressed against the tip of the synchro fork 5 and the side surface of the reverse driven gear 30. The rotational force of the output shaft 22
The power is transmitted to the counter gear 26 via the reverse-side sync disk 11 (one disk, the other disk), the reverse driven gear 30, the idler gear (not shown), and the reverse drive gear 40. The rotation speed of 26 decreases. Due to the decrease in the rotation speed of the counter gear 26, the rotation speed of the output shaft 22 and the rotation speed of the driven gear on the high-speed side match, and shift is possible. For example, a description will be given of a case where the upshift is performed from the second-speed running to the third-speed running. 2nd speed running, 2
The sleeve 55 moved toward the high speed driven gear 32 is connected to a spline of the hub 50 and a spline of the second speed driven gear 32. The torque of the engine is the clutch 20,
Input shaft 19, 5-speed driven gear 35, counter shaft gear 39, key 37, counter shaft 26,
The power is transmitted to the wheels through the second speed drive gear 42, the gear of the second speed driven gear 32, the spline of the second speed driven gear 32, the sleeve 55, the hub 50, and the output shaft 22. At this time, the gear of the third-speed driven gear 33 is engaged with the third-speed drive gear 43, and is rotating at a higher speed than the second-speed driven gear 32. To shift up, the clutch 20 is disconnected, the sleeve 55 is returned to the neutral position shown in the figure, and then the synchro cylinder 1 is operated to press the synchro fork 5 against the reverse side synchro plate 8. The sync disk 11 on the reverse side is
It is pressed against the side surface of the driven gear 30 to be in a half-clutch state (a state in which a rotational force is transmitted while the disk is slipping), and the rotational force of the output shaft 22 is transmitted to the reverse driven gear 30. The rotation direction of the reverse driven gear 30 is opposite to the rotation direction of the second speed driven gear 32, and the reverse driven gear 30 meshes with the counter shaft 26 via an idler gear (not shown), so that the inertia force is small. The rotation speed of the counter shaft 26 decreases. Due to the decrease in the rotation speed of the counter shaft 26, the rotation speed of the third-speed driven gear 33 decreases, and the rotation speed of the third-speed driven gear 33 coincides with (synchronizes with) the rotation speed of the sleeve 55. When the third-speed driven gear 33 and the sleeve 55 are synchronized, the sleeve 55 is moved toward the third-speed driven gear 33 by the shifter fork 53, and the spline of the third-speed driven gear 33 and the spline of the hub 55 are fixed by the sleeve 54. Next, when the clutch 20 is connected,
The torque from the engine is from the counter shaft 26-3
The transmission is transmitted to the wheels via the high-speed drive gear 43, the gear of the third-speed driven gear 33, the spline of the third-speed driven gear 33, the sleeve 55, the hub 50, and the like, so that the third-speed traveling is realized. In the case of the sixth speed, the sleeve 61 on the counter shaft 26 is moved toward the sixth speed drive gear 46, and the sleeve 61
The spline 60 and the spline of the sixth-speed drive gear 46 are fixed.

When downshifting while the vehicle is running, the clutch 23 is disengaged and fluid is supplied to the rod side of the synchro cylinder 1 (the left side of the synchro piston 3 in FIG. 1), and the synchro fork 5 is moved to the first speed driven gear 31. Then, the tip of the synchro fork 5 is pressed against the first-speed synchro plate 10, and the first-speed synchro disk 6 is pressed against the tip of the synchro fork 5 and the side surface of the first-speed driven gear 31. The rotational force of the output shaft 22 is the first-speed sync disk 6, the first-speed driven gear 31, the first-speed drive gear
The force is transmitted to the counter gear 26 via 41, and the rotational speed of the counter gear 26 increases due to the positive rotational force. Due to the increase in the rotation speed of the counter gear 26, the rotation speed of the output shaft 22 and the rotation speed of the driven gear on the low-speed side match, and shift is possible. For example, a description will be given of a case where a downshift is performed from the third-speed running to the second-speed running. When the vehicle is running at the third speed, the sleeve 55 moved toward the third speed driven gear 33 is connected to the spline of the hub 50 and the third speed driven gear 33.
Connected to the spline. The engine torque is
Clutch 20, input shaft 19, 5-speed driven gear
35, counter shaft gear 39, key 37, counter
Shaft 26, 3-speed drive gear 43, 3-speed driven gear 33
Gear, 3-speed driven gear 33 spline, sleeve 5
5, transmitted through the hub 50 and the output shaft 22 to the wheels. At this time, the gear of the second speed driven gear 32 is
The gear is in mesh with the second speed drive gear 42 and rotates at a lower speed than the third speed driven gear 33. To shift down, the clutch 20 is disengaged, the sleeve 55 is returned to the neutral position shown in the figure, and then the synchro cylinder 1 is operated to press the synchro fork 5 against the first speed side synchro plate 10. The first-speed side sync disk 6 is pressed against the synchro plate 10 and the side surface of the first-speed driven gear 31 and is in a half-clutch state (a state in which the disk transmits torque while slipping).
, And the rotational force of the output shaft 22 is transmitted to the first-speed driven gear 31. The rotation direction of the first-speed driven gear 31 is the same as the rotation direction of the third-speed driven gear 33, and the gear ratio between the gear of the first-speed driven gear 31 and the gear of the first-speed drive gear 41 is maximum, so that the inertia force is small. The rotation speed of the counter shaft 26 increases. Counter shaft 26
The rotation speed of the second speed driven gear 32 increases due to the increase in the rotation speed of the second speed driven gear 32, and the rotation speed of the second speed driven gear 32
It reaches (synchronizes with) the rotation speed of 55. When the second speed driven gear 32 and the sleeve 55 are synchronized, the sleeve 55 is moved toward the second speed driven gear 32 by the shifter fork 53, and the spline of the second speed driven gear 32 and the spline of the hub 55 are fixed by the sleeve 54. Next, when the clutch 20 is connected, the rotational force from the engine is transmitted from the counter shaft 26 to the wheels via the second speed drive gear 42, the gears of the second speed driven gear 32, the splines of the second speed driven gear 32, the sleeve 55, the hub 50 and the like. The second speed running is realized.

When the vehicle is stationary (the output shaft 22 is not rotating) and the clutch 20 is disconnected and the gears are engaged to start the vehicle, the synchro fork 5 is set to the reverse driven gear 30 side and the first speed driven gear. It may be pressed to either of the 31 sides. When the synchro fork 5 is pressed toward the reverse driven gear 30 or the first speed driven gear 31, the rotation of the counter shaft 26 is stopped. The synchro sleeve 9 is moved to the first speed driven gear 31 side, and the spline of the synchro hub 13 and the spline of the first speed driven gear 31 are fixed by the synchro sleeve 9. Next, when the clutch 20 is connected, the rotational force from the engine is
20, input shaft 19, 5-speed driven gear 35, counter shaft gear 39, key 37, counter shaft
26, 1st speed drive gear 41, gear of 1st speed driven gear 31,
The power is transmitted to the wheels through the spline of the first-speed driven gear 31, the synchro sleeve 9, the spline of the synchro hub 13, and the output shaft 22. In this way, the vehicle starts moving.

[0015]

When it is desired to shift up, the clutch between the engine and the input shaft is disengaged, the synchro fork is moved toward the reverse driven gear, and the reverse side synchro plate and the reverse driven gear are moved.
When the reverse-side sync disk is pressed against the gear, a reverse rotational force is transmitted from the output shaft to the reverse driven gear via the reverse-side sync disk, and the rotation speed of the counter shaft decreases. Upshifting is performed when the rotation speed of the desired driven gear or drive gear reaches the rotation speed of the output shaft or counter shaft. To shift down, the clutch between the engine and the input shaft is disconnected, the synchro fork is moved toward the first-speed driven gear, and the first-speed side synchro plate and the first-speed
When the first-speed side sync disk is pressed by the driven gear, a positive rotational force is transmitted from the output shaft to the first-speed driven gear via the first-speed side sync disk, and the rotation speed of the counter shaft increases. When the rotation speed of the desired driven gear reaches the rotation speed of the output shaft, downshifting is performed. Conventional
Mechanical automatic based on an instant mesh type transmission
In the transmission, increase the engine speed by adjusting the rotation during shifting,
Compared to the case of lowering, in the present invention,
The time required is reduced, and changes in engine speed are monitored.
To transmit rotation of the driven shaft to driven gear
Because there is no need to disconnect the switch, the time required for shifting
Be shortened.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view of a mechanical automatic transmission according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 5 Synchro fork 6 1st-speed sync disk 11 Reverse-side sync disk 20 Clutch 22 Output shaft 26 Counter shaft 30 Reverse driven gear 31 1st driven gear 32 2nd driven gear 33 3rd driven gear 34 4th driven gear 35 5th driven gear 36 6th driven gear 40 reverse drive gear 41 1st drive gear 42 2nd drive gear 43 3rd drive gear 44 4th drive gear 45 5th drive gear 46 6th drive gear

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] A clutch is disposed between an engine and an input shaft, a counter shaft and an output shaft are disposed in parallel, a plurality of drive gears of the counter shaft and a plurality of output shafts. In a mechanical automatic transmission in which the driven gears are always meshed with each other, the reverse side sync disk and the reverse side gear are interposed between the reverse driven gear and the first speed driven gear.
Synchro plate, synchro fork , 1st speed synchro
A rate and first-speed sync disk are provided, and each sync
Black disk is splined to the output shaft
Spline on the synchro plate by the disc
The combined disc is sandwiched and the synchro cylinder
The synchro piston is slidably fitted to the synchro piston.
Forks are connected, synchro fork is moved toward the reverse driven gear, the reverse side synchromesh play
When the reverse-side sync disk is pressed by the reverse-driven gear and the reverse-side sync disk, the rotational force is transmitted between the output shaft and the reverse-driven gear via the reverse-side sync disk, and the synchro fork moves toward the first-speed driven gear. Moved , first-speed sync
When the first-speed sync disk is pressed by the plate and the first-speed driven gear , rotational force is transmitted between the output shaft and the first-speed driven gear via the first-speed sync disk. And mechanical automatic transmission.