JP2954510B2 - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for vertically excavating underground with a relatively large diameter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a boring machine for drilling a hole perpendicularly to a column, there is known a rotary type drilling machine which assembles a turret, supports a drill pipe so as to be able to move up and down, and rotates while drilling. Digging with a small diameter and deep for the purpose of collecting underground resources, etc., is not suitable for shallow digging with a relatively large diameter, and the equipment is large and difficult to move.

Therefore, there is an example in which an excavating blade is provided at the bottom of a cylindrical bucket, and the ground is cut in a circular shape while rotating. A plurality of digging blades are provided on the circular bottom of the bucket so as to be directed in the radial direction, and the cutting edges are directed in the rotation direction along the radial direction, and the ground is circularly ground by rotation.

[0004] Circular shavings are sequentially fed through gaps formed in an annular bottom wall provided on a cutting blade.

[0005]

However, the above example is effective when the ground is formed of a soft layer, but when a hard object such as stone is mixed or formed of hard ground, the rotation direction is reduced. The entire length of the cutting edge, which is suitable for cutting, tends to cut hard stones or the like widely, so that the load applied to the cutting edge is too large, and the cutting edge is easily damaged and cannot be used immediately.

[0006] Therefore, the place where it can be used is limited, which is inconvenient. In addition, there is a hammer grab which hangs an openable bucket and hangs a clamshell that digs down by dropping it and digs up the earth and sand.However, it is difficult to finish circular vertical holes well, especially in the ground. It is increasingly difficult where hard parts are distributed.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide an excavator capable of efficiently excavating most of the ground vertically regardless of the location and providing easy movement. It is in.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a cylindrical excavating member provided with a cutter at a lower end opening edge of a cylindrical side wall having a vertical axis as a central axis;
Allows relative vertical movement and rotates integrally about the central axis
Rotating support means for supporting the cylindrical excavation member from above as much as possible, and a plurality of buckets which are divided in the circumferential direction inside the cylindrical excavation member and supported so as to be swingable in the radial direction and can be opened and closed, Attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical excavation member,
Close means preparative debris bunch digging constituting the container when, drilling the cylinder
And closing means for opening and closing the cutting member buckets of said rotary support means relative vertical movement conversion to <br/> the excavation debris bunch winding means, and a drilling machine equipped with.

Since the cutter at the lower opening edge of the cylindrical excavating member excavates in an annular shape by the rotation of the cylindrical excavating member, even a hard excavating material having a small excavating width such as a stone can be easily scraped off. The substantially cylindrical shavings enter the inside of the cylindrical excavating member, and can be picked up by closing the bucket of the shavings holding means. Therefore, it is possible to excavate vertically in any soil efficiently, and it is small and easy to move.

[0010] The cylindrical excavating member is supported so as to be integrally rotatable while allowing the vertical support to move relative to the rotation supporting means, and the opening / closing means is configured to allow relative movement between the cylindrical excavating member and the rotary supporting means. The structure is such that the movement is converted to open and close the digging lump grasping means. A special drive source is not required for opening and closing the digging lump grasping means, so that the structure can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.

The excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutter is formed by implanting diamond at a lower end opening edge of the cylindrical side wall, so that even a hard rock or a stone can be sharply excavated. Excavation can be performed efficiently by selecting a place.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 will be described below. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a section of a cylindrical excavating member 7 of the excavator 1 of the present embodiment away from the ground E, and FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the excavator 1.

The excavator 1 has a rotating shaft 2 supported vertically downward, and a rectangular shaft 3 having a rectangular cross section formed at the lower end of the rotating shaft 2. Has a link support member 4 formed therein. The link support member 4 includes a disk portion 4a formed at the lower end of the square shaft 3 and a rectangular vertical plate portion 4b which is vertically fixed to a lower surface of the disk portion 4a at a diameter position.
A pair of link members 6 whose upper ends are pivotally supported by pins 5 are provided on the left and right sides of the vertical plate portion 4b.

A cylindrical excavating member 7 covers a portion below the angular axis 3 of the rotary support shaft 2.
The upper shaft a has an upper bottom wall 7b, and the square shaft 3 fits and penetrates a central square hole of the upper bottom wall 7b. Therefore, the cylindrical excavation member 7 can move vertically relative to the rotation support shaft 2, but the rotation is integrated with the rotation support shaft 2.

Hooks 8 protrude from the upper bottom wall 7b of the cylindrical excavating member 7 at several places, and a diamond cutter 9 in which a large number of artificial diamonds are planted is provided at the lower opening edge of the cylindrical side wall 7a. A pair of inside cutters 10 are provided on the inner peripheral surface along the lower edge of the cylindrical side wall 7a so as to face each other.

The diamonds of the diamond cutter 9 are planted at the opening edge in a double concentric arrangement inside and outside, and the diamonds arranged inside are planted at an angle facing the rotation direction and arranged outside. Diamonds are planted at angles along the direction of rotation. Therefore, when the rotation support shaft 2 rotates about the center axis XX, the cylindrical excavation member 7 rotates via the square axis 3, and the diamond cutter 9 at the lower end opening edge rotates about the center axis XX. The ground E can be excavated so as to scrape the ground in an annular shape.

Inside the cylindrical excavating member 7, a pair of brackets 11 protrude from the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical side wall 7a at symmetrically upper positions, and a pair of left and right buckets 12 have upper handle portions thereof.
A bracket 12b is supported by a bracket 11 by a pin 13 and is swingably suspended.

The bucket body 12 has a shape such that the cone of the funnel is divided into two along the central axis.
a, a handle portion 12b extending upward along a central generatrix of the bucket body portion 12a, and an arm portion 12c bent inward at the upper end of the handle portion 12b are integrally formed. The bent portion of the handle portion 12b and the arm portion 12c of the bucket 12 is inserted between the pair of brackets 11 and penetrated by the pins 13 so that the bucket body 9a is moved in the right and left radial directions in the cylindrical excavating member 7. Is swingably suspended.

The ends of the left and right arm portions 12c are pivotally connected to the lower ends of the pair of link members 6 by pins 14, respectively. A link mechanism between the rotary support shaft 2 and the left and right buckets 12 is provided by the link members 6. Is configured. The pair of inside cutters 10 are located at the boundary between the left and right buckets 12 and do not interfere with the swing of the lower end of the bucket 9.

Since the present embodiment has the above structure, when the cylindrical digging member 7 is separated from the ground E as shown in FIG. The bottom wall 7b is supported in contact with the upper disk portion 4a of the link support member 4, and simultaneously swings the arm 12c of the bucket 12 upward through the link member 6, so that the bucket body 12a is centered on the pin 13. And the left and right bucket bodies 12a are joined together to form a conical container with the lower part closed.

When the rotary support shaft 2 is lowered from this state, the cylindrical excavating member 7 first comes into contact with the ground E at the diamond cutter 9, and further, the rotary support shaft 2 is lowered together with the square shaft 3 and the link support member 4. The arm portion 12c of the bucket 12 swings downward through the link member 6, so that the bucket body portion 12a swings outward around the pin 13 and the
Open left and right as shown.

In this state, the rotation support shaft 22 is rotated, and the
The cylindrical excavating member 7 is rotated via 23, and the ground E is excavated in an annular shape by turning of the diamond cutter 9. Stones and hard rocks are also cutters with diamonds implanted 9
However, it is easy to cut and excavate with a narrow excavation width.

The outer peripheral portion of the columnar excavation formed inside the cylindrical excavating member 7 is shaved with a predetermined thickness by turning an inside cutter 10 protruding from the lower end of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical side wall 7a. Therefore, when the cylindrical excavating member 7 excavates to some extent, the bucket 12 attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical side wall 7a opens and enters the outer peripheral portion of the excavated mountain, so that the bucket 12 does not hinder rotation. Instead, a digging hill is gradually formed in the bucket body 12a that is opened left and right.

When the excavation in the cylindrical excavation member 7 is stopped at a place where the excavation hill is formed at an appropriate height, and the rotary support shaft 2 is raised, as shown in FIG. 12
c is swung upward, so that the left and right bucket body portions 12a
Closes and grabs the excavated mountain formed inside. FIG. 4 is a sectional side view of the excavator 1 in which the bucket 12 is sectioned together with the cylindrical excavating member 7.

During this time, the cylindrical excavating member 7 is
a is in a state of being tightened under the pressure of the outer peripheral ground, and the link member 6 is closed until the bucket body 12a is closed.
It does not rise following the rise of. Then, when the left and right bucket bodies 12a grasp the digging hill and are closed, the rise of the rotary support shaft 2 is directly transmitted to the cylindrical digging member 7, and the cylindrical digging member 7 is pulled upward.

The digging waste picked up by the bucket 12 is fixed to the cylindrical excavating member 7 by hooking the hook 8 to an appropriate fixing portion at another place, and the rotating shaft 2 is lowered somewhat to open the bucket 9. Can remove the trash inside. Then, the cylindrical excavating member 5 is again inserted into the hole of the ground E, and the hole is excavated. This is repeated, and a circular vertical hole is dug.

When the cylindrical excavating member 5 is made to enter the hole of the ground E, the diameter of the hole of the ground E is slightly reduced due to the surrounding pressure, so that there is some resistance to the penetration of the cylindrical excavating member 5. However, the resistance prevents the diamond cutter 6 at the tip from directly contacting the ground, which contributes to the improvement of the durability of the cutter 6.

As described above, the excavator 1 according to the present embodiment
With a simple structure, it is possible to excavate a hole having a relatively large diameter in the ground vertically, and to excavate while removing digging debris. It is possible to drill regardless of the state of stone and hard rock such as soil location can be used not selected, and also <br/> movement is also easy and convenient.

Since the opening and closing of the bucket 32 is performed via the link mechanism, the movement is smooth and the
Since a separate drive source for opening and closing is not required, the structure is simple and the production cost is not required.

In the above embodiment, the opening and closing of the bucket 12 is performed by the link mechanism. However, an example of the excavator 21 that performs the opening and closing by the cam mechanism will be described with reference to FIGS. The rotation support shaft 22 is supported vertically downward, and the lower end of the rotation support shaft 22 is reduced in diameter to form a spline shaft.
A cam 24 is formed at the lower end of the spline shaft 23. The cam 24 has flanges 24a and 24b formed above and below the cylinder.

A cylindrical excavating member 25 is provided so as to cover below the spline shaft 23.
25 has an upper bottom wall 25b above the cylindrical side wall 25a,
A spline groove is formed in the center circular hole of b, and is spline-fitted to the spline shaft 23 so as to be able to move up and down.

A plurality of hooks 30 protrude from the upper surface of the upper bottom wall 25b of the cylindrical excavation member 25, and a diamond cutter 26 is provided at the lower end opening edge of the cylindrical side wall 25a of the cylindrical excavation member 25.

In the inside of the cylindrical excavating member 25, a pair of brackets 27 are respectively protruded from oppositely symmetric locations on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical side wall 25a, and pins which penetrate the pair of opposed brackets are provided. A pair of right and left semi-conical buckets 29 are suspended from the pins 28 so as to be swingable.

A handle 29b extending upward along the center generatrix of the bucket body 29a of the bucket 29 and a cam follower 29 bent inward at the upper end of the handle 29b and projecting in an L-shape.
and c are integrally formed.

The bent portion of the handle 29b and the cam follower portion 29c of the bucket 29 is inserted between the pair of brackets 27 and penetrated by the pins 28 so that the bucket body 29a is inserted into the cylindrical excavating member 25. At the right and left radial directions. The tip of the cam follower portion 29c is
Are located between the upper and lower flanges 24a and 24b. Also, a pair of inside cutters are provided at opposing positions along the lower opening edge on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical side wall 25a of the cylindrical excavating member 25.
31 are protruding.

As shown in FIG. 5, when the cylindrical excavating member 25 is separated from the ground E, the cylindrical excavating member 25 slides down the spline shaft 23 so that the upper bottom wall 25b of the cylindrical excavating member 25 moves to the cam 24. And the lower flange 24b of the cam 24 swings the cam follower portion 29c of the bucket 29 upward, so that the bucket body 29
a swings inward about the pin 28 so that the left and right bucket body portions 29a are joined together and the lower portion is closed in a conical shape to form a container.

When the rotary shaft 22 is lowered from this state, the cylindrical excavating member 25 comes into contact with the ground E at the diamond cutter 26, and the rotary shaft 22 can be lowered together with the spline shaft 23 and the cam 24. The lowered cam 24 has a cam follower portion 29c of the bucket 29 on the upper flange 24a.
Is pressed from above to swing, and the bucket body 29a of the bucket 29 swings outward about the pin 28, and
Open left and right as shown.

In this state, the rotary support shaft 22 is rotated, the cylindrical excavating member 25 is rotated via the spline shaft 23, and the ground E can be excavated in an annular shape by turning the diamond cutter 26.

When the excavation is stopped at a place where the excavation is formed at an appropriate height, and the rotary support shaft 22 is raised, the lower flange 24 b is first raised by the rise of the cam 24 and the cam follower portion of the bucket 29.
Since the cam follower portion 29c is swung upward by contacting the cam follower 29c, the left and right bucket body portions 29a are closed, and FIG.
The digging pile accumulated inside is grasped as shown in.

When the left and right bucket body portions 29a grasp the digging hill and are closed, the rise of the rotary support shaft 22 is transmitted directly to the cylindrical digging member 25 or to the cylindrical digging member 25 via the bucket 29. And the cylindrical excavation member 25 is pulled upward. In this way, a circular hole is dug in the ground E, the swarf is removed by the bucket 29, and the cylindrical excavating member 25 is fixed at another place via the hook 30 and the rotating shaft 22 is lowered somewhat to open the bucket 29. Can remove the trash inside.

Then, the cylindrical excavating member 25 is again inserted into the hole of the ground E, and the hole is excavated. This is repeated, and a circular vertical hole is dug. In this embodiment, the rotating shaft
An air cylinder may be interposed between the cylindrical excavation member 25 and the cylindrical excavation member 25 so that the bucket can be freely opened and closed by driving the air cylinder.

Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11. FIG. A cylindrical excavation part 41 is formed integrally with the lower end of the rotating shaft 40 by increasing the diameter, and a cam part 42 is integrally formed with the rotating shaft 40 extending inside the upper part of the cylindrical excavating part 41. ing.

The cam portion 42 has upper and lower flanges 42a and 42b similarly to the cam 24. A diamond cutter 43 is provided at the lower end opening edge of the cylindrical excavation portion 41, and extends along the lower end opening edge of the cylindrical excavation portion 41. A pair of inside cutters 49 protrude from the inner peripheral surface so as to face each other.

A pair of rectangular through-holes 44 are formed in the upper bottom wall of the cylindrical excavation part 41 at symmetrical positions. And the upper connecting portion 45a is protruded downward from the air cylinder 46 fixed along the rotation support shaft 40.
The lifting member 45 is fixed to the tip of 46a.

Therefore, when the cylinder rod 46a is projected by driving the air cylinder 46, the elevating member 45 is lowered. When the cylinder rod 46a is retracted, the elevating member 45 is raised. The air cylinder 46 has an air passage 40a formed in the rotary support shaft 40 connected to the air cylinder 46.
The introduction and derivation of air is performed via the air passage 40a.

The lower end of the elevating member 45 inserted into the through hole 44 is pivotally attached to the handle 48b of the bucket 48 by a pin 47 provided in the cylinder of the cylindrical excavation part 41 and provided between the opposing sides. The bucket 48 is suspended.

The bucket 48 has substantially the same shape as the bucket 29 of the above-described embodiment, and a bucket body 48a is suspended so as to be swingable downward, bent from the handle 48b and cam follower 48c. The cam follower portion 48c is located between the upper and lower flanges 42a, 42b of the cam portion 42.

As shown in FIG. 10, when the air cylinder 46 retracts the cylinder rod 46a, the lifting member 45 rises and at the same time the bucket 48 rises via the pin 47, and the cam follower portion 48c is connected to the upper flange of the cam portion 42. The bucket body 48a can be opened outward by contacting the bucket body 42a. The ground is excavated in this state.

When the air cylinder 46 protrudes the cylinder rod 46a, the elevating member 45 descends, and at the same time, the pin
The bucket 48 also descends via 47, and at this time, the cam follower portion 48c comes into contact with the lower flange 42b of the cam portion 42, and FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the bucket body 48a is swung inward to close the left and right bucket bodies 48a. By the closing operation of the bucket body 48a, the cutting waste accumulated inside can be grasped.

As shown in FIG. 10, the digged litter can be dropped into a predetermined position by opening the bucket body 48a by retracting the cylinder rod 46a of the air cylinder 46.

Next, still another embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. FIG. In this embodiment, a cylindrical excavating member 61 having a larger diameter is integrally formed at the lower end of the rotating shaft 60,
An air cylinder 62 is built in the rotation support shaft 60, and a cylinder rod 62a is protruded downward.
The cam 63 is fixed to the tip inside the cylindrical excavation member 61.

The cam 43 and the bucket in the cylindrical excavating member 61
The shape of 64 and the operating mechanism of both are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, and the same applies to the diamond cutter 65 at the lower opening edge of the cylindrical excavating member 61 and the inside cutter 69 at the inner peripheral surface. .

That is, in the bucket 64, the handle portion 64b extends from the bucket body 64a and bends to form a cam follower portion 64c. The cam follower portion 64c is formed by a pin 66 on the bracket 65 provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical excavating member 61. The bucket body 64a is suspended by pivotally connecting the bent portion of the cam follower portion 64c. The cam follower portion 64c is formed by upper and lower flanges 63a, 63b of the cam 63.
It is located between.

Therefore, when the air cylinder 62 causes the air cylinder rod 62a to protrude, as shown in FIG.
63 upper flange 63a is cam follower part of bucket 64
When the air cylinder 62 is retracted by swinging the bucket body 64c downward and the air cylinder 62 is retracted, as shown in FIG.
The lower flange 63b is the cam follower 64 of the bucket 64
By swinging c upward, the bucket body 64a can be closed.

With the bucket 64 open, the cylindrical excavating member 61
Is rotated to excavate, and the bucket 64 is closed to catch the swarf, and the bucket 64 is opened again to drop the swarf.

In the above embodiment, a pair of buckets was used to grasp the swarf. However, not limited to two, three or more buckets were provided on the inner periphery of the cylindrical digging member so as to be able to swing and contact each other. The digging litter may be separated and opened and closed freely and a large number of buckets may grasp the digging litter.

[0057]

According to the present invention, the cylindrical excavating member excavates the ground in an annular shape, and the litter holding member in the cylindrical excavating member can grip the litter, regardless of the state of the ground. It is possible to excavate vertically, and excavation and removal of swarf can be performed by a single excavator, so that work efficiency is good, and small and easy to move.

A cylindrical excavating member is supported so as to be rotatable integrally with the rotary supporting means while allowing a relative vertical movement, and an opening / closing means converts the relative vertical movement between the cylindrical excavating member and the rotary supporting means. By opening and closing the digging waste holding means, a special drive source is not required for opening and closing the digging waste holding means, thereby simplifying the configuration and realizing low cost.

By arranging diamond at the lower end opening edge of the cylindrical side wall to form a cutter, it is possible to excavate hard rock or stone, etc., and to excavate efficiently at any place.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the same.

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the excavator in another state.

FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of the excavator in another state.

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of an excavator according to another embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the same.

FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of the excavator in another state.

FIG. 8 is a side sectional view of the excavator in still another state.

FIG. 9 is a side view of an excavator according to another embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a sectional side view of the same.

FIG. 11 is a side sectional view of the excavator in another state.

FIG. 12 is a side sectional view of an excavator according to still another embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a side sectional view of the excavator in another state.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Excavator, 2 ... Rotating spindle, 3 ... Square axis, 4 ... Link support member, 5 ... Pin, 6 ... Link member, 7 ... Cylindrical excavation member,
8 Hook, 9 Diamond cutter, 10 Inside cutter, 11 Bracket, 12 Bucket, 13 Pin, 21 Excavator, 22 Rotation support shaft, 23 Spline shaft, 24
… Cam, 25… Cylindrical digging member, 26… Diamond cutter, 27… Bracket, 28… Pin, 29… Bucket, 30… Hook, 31… Inside cutter, 40… Rotating spindle, 41… Cylindrical digging part, 42… Cam Part, 43 ... diamond cutter, 44
… Through holes, 45… elevating members, 46… air cylinders, 47… pins, 48… buckets, 49… inside cutters, 60… rotary spindles, 61… cylindrical digging members, 62… air cylinders, 63… cams, 64… Bucket, 65… Bracket, 66… Pin, 67… Diamond cutter, 68… Inside cutter.

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cylindrical excavating member having a cutter provided at a lower end opening edge of a cylindrical side wall having a vertical axis as a central axis, and integrally rotating about the central axis while allowing relative vertical movement.
Rotating support means for supporting the cylindrical excavation member from above as much as possible, and a plurality of buckets which are divided in the circumferential direction inside the cylindrical excavation member and supported so as to be swingable in the radial direction and can be opened and closed, Digging litter grasping means attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical digging member and forming a container when closed, and relative vertical movement of the cylindrical digging member and the rotary support means
Excavator comprising the opening and closing means for converting to opening and closing the bucket of the digging debris bunch winding means. 2. A lower end opening of a cylindrical side wall centered on a vertical line.
A cylindrical drilling member having a cutter provided at an edge thereof, and the cylindrical drilling member being rotatable integrally about the central axis;
Rotating support means formed at the lower end, radially divided inside the cylindrical excavating member in the circumferential direction
Multiple buckets that are swingably supported and can be opened and closed
Is opened, attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical excavation member, and closed.
Then, digging lump grasping means constituting a container, and a bucket of the digging lump grasping means supported by the rotation support means are provided.
An excavator , comprising: driving means for opening and closing the cutting unit. 3. The excavator according to claim 1, wherein the cutter is configured by implanting diamond at a lower end opening edge of the cylindrical side wall.