JP2880055B2 - Closed wall structure - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a closed wall structure capable of reducing the amount of dew condensation during cooling and heating and preventing moisture from being retained in the wall.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the widespread use of cooling and heating equipment, various devices for heat insulation have been applied to wall structures of buildings. It is widely practiced to arrange a glass wool layer, a synthetic resin foam layer, or the like between the outer wall material and the inner wall material by filling or the like to minimize the transfer of heat between the outside air side and the indoor side as much as possible. .

[0003] However, during cooling and heating, the temperature gradient in the glass wool layer and the synthetic resin foam layer increases, so that dew condensation easily occurs inside and on the surface of the layer. Such moisture due to dew condensation remains inside the wall, which promotes the generation of mold and the corrosion of structural materials, causing a problem of lowering the sanitary environment and shortening the life of the building. For this reason, techniques for preventing the occurrence of dew condensation or for quickly removing the dew condensation have been proposed.

For example, in a ventilation structure disclosed in the specification of Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 5-42415, as shown in FIG. 10, first and second gaps S are provided outside and inside a heat insulating wall panel 81, respectively.
₁ ', _{S 2'} exterior material 82 via the, is provided with interior material 83. The first gap S ₁ ′ is open to the outside at the lower part, and communicates with a gap S ₃ ′ formed between the roofing material 84 and the roof insulation panel 85, and the gap S ₃ ′ It is open to the outside at a vent 86. In this ventilation structure, the outside air enters the _'voids S ₁ from the bottom of _the' first gap S _1, a third gap S _{3 ',} is released into the atmosphere through the vent 86. On the other hand, the air in the underfloor space 87 enters the cabin back space 88 from the notch C provided at the edge of the insulated floor panel 89 via the space S ₂ ′, and then escapes from the small window 90 to the outside air. .

In the above ventilation structure, the gaps S ₁ ′, S ₂ ′
The smaller the flow of air in the air, the more easily the dew condensation occurs (or the more the generated dew condensation hardly evaporates). Conversely, the more the air flow in the air gaps S ₁ ′ and S ₂ ′, the less the dew condensation occurs. (Or, the generated condensation is likely to evaporate.) According to this ventilation structure, the flow of air causes the heat insulating wall panel 81 and the interior material 8
The occurrence of dew condensation on the three surfaces is prevented.

[0006] However, dew condensation occurs when moist air is cooled. In the above ventilation structure, the air under the floor (close to the outside air temperature) flows through the space S ₂ ′. Therefore, for example, when the room is cooled in a hot and humid outside air environment, the space S 2 _It is considered that dew condensation occurs on the ₂ 'side. When the room is heated in an outside air environment where the temperature is low, it is considered that dew condensation occurs on the room side of the heat insulating wall panel 81. As described above, the ventilation structure shown in FIG. 10 has a problem that the dew condensation cannot always be effectively prevented.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sealing device capable of preventing dew condensation, particularly in cooling and heating, and preventing moisture retention in a wall. It is to provide a fixed wall structure.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A closed wall structure according to the present invention comprises a foam body formed on the inner surface of a moisture-permeable middle plate, and an upper part (for example, an eaves opening, a roof top part) provided outside. Vents, etc.) and lower part (for example, the hem of outer wall material)
Is attached to the outside wall material through a first space opened to the outside air, and inside the middle wall material, through a second space opened to the indoor side and blocked from the first space. It is characterized in that an inner wall material is attached. Here, the indoor side means a room, a back yard, and a space under the floor that are shielded from the outside air. Further, a moisture-permeable waterproof layer is formed on an outer surface of the middle moisture-permeable plate, and the foam is formed by an on-site spraying method.

In the present invention, a plywood and a heat insulating board are used as the moisture-permeable middle plate material. Here, “moisture permeability” generally means a property specified by moisture permeability resistance. The moisture-permeable middle plate material has a function of allowing moisture accumulated in the foam to escape to the first gap through the middle plate material, while allowing the outside air (first
It is necessary to prevent the moisture contained in the air of the voids from entering the foam through the middle plate material. For this reason,
If the moisture resistance of the middle plate material is too large, the effect cannot be exhibited, and if it is too small, it is impossible to prevent moisture from entering. Normally, a moisture-permeable middle plate material having a moisture-permeation resistance of about ^{1 to} 30 m ² hmmHg / g is employed.

[0010] When the moisture permeability of the middle plate is low (for example,
0.9 m ² hmmHg / g or less) or when there is a possibility that water droplets such as raindrops may directly adhere to the middle plate material, etc., in a necessary location on the outer surface side of the middle plate material or on the entire surface. (Having a moisture permeation resistance of about ^{1 to} 30 m ² hmmHg / g). This moisture-permeable waterproof layer may be formed by coating or by attaching moisture-permeable waterproof paper or the like.

The materials of the outer wall material and the inner wall material are not particularly limited, but usually, metal siding, ceramic siding, ALC plate, ceramic plate, etc. are used as the outer wall material, and gypsum board, synthetic resin board, plywood, etc. are used as the inner wall material. Is used.

In the present invention, in order to prevent outside air from entering the second gap from the boundary between the wall and the floor or from the joint of the wall, the above-mentioned boundary or joint is closed with putty or tape. However, in order to obtain better insulation effect and higher working efficiency, in the construction process (before forming the inner wall), spray the foam from the inside of the building to the inside of the wall or to the joint, etc. with a spray gun. It is preferable to keep it.

Examples of the foam include rigid polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate foam, phenol foam, polystyrene foam, ABS foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyolefin foam, EVA foam, PVC foam, P foam.
VA foams, urea foams, epoxy foams, polyester foams, foam rubbers and other materials having thermal insulation properties are applied, but rigid polyurethane foams are particularly preferred as foams sprayed on site.

[0014]

In the closed wall structure according to the present invention, since the second gap is not open to the outside air, even if the temperature difference between the outside air and the room is large due to air conditioning or the like, the temperature between the room and the second gap is not increased. The difference is not so great. Therefore, there is no possibility that dew condensation will occur on the inner and outer surfaces of the inner wall material (for example, the surface of the inner wall material on the second gap side during cooling, and the indoor surface of the inner wall material during heating). When the foam is formed by spraying, the airtightness is enhanced, the temperature difference between the room and the outside air can be reduced, and moisture can be prevented from entering through the gap.

In summer, during cooling, moisture moves from the outside air to the indoor side. The foam has the largest temperature gradient, and the second gap blocks the outside air. Since it acts as a heat insulating layer, there is no risk of dew condensation. On the other hand, in winter, during heating, the movement of moisture goes from the indoor side to the outside air, but the first gap is open to the outside air at the lower part and the upper part, and the air constantly flows in the gap. Therefore, the moisture is released into the first gap via the moisture-permeable middle plate member, and is released from the upper portion of the gap to the outside air.

[0016]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a closed wall structure according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a view showing one embodiment of the wall structure of the present invention including the underfloor, and a middle wall material 1 is formed by blowing a foam 3 onto an inner surface (inside of a room) of a moisture-permeable middle plate material 2. Further, a moisture-permeable waterproof layer (in the figure, moisture-permeable waterproof paper 4) is adhered to the outer surface of the plate member 2.

As the foam 3, for example, "Achilles Aeron-R" manufactured by Achilles Corporation is used. This is formed by mixing a stock solution of isocyanate and a stock solution of resin to form a rigid polyurethane foam and spraying it on a wall surface. This spraying is performed before the inner wall material 8 described later is constructed. Note that in FIG.
Is shown buried in the foam 3.

A first space S ₁ is provided outside the middle wall material _1.
(However, the studs 7 are also shown in the drawing, too), and the outer wall material 6 is provided, and a second wall material is provided inside the middle wall material 1.
The inner wall member 8 through the gap S ₂ (gypsum board in the drawing) is provided. Although not shown, a wallpaper, a wall plate, a painted wall, and the like are appropriately formed on the indoor side of the inner wall material 8.

In FIG. 1, a base 11 is installed on a concrete foundation 9 via a spacer 10, and the wall structure is connected to the base 11, and a joist 13 passed over a gibber 12. , Floor floors 14 are respectively provided, and an underfloor heat insulating material 15 is provided between the large pulley 12 and the floor panels. Under the floor, leveling sand 17a is laid on the crushed stone 16, a moisture-proof polyethylene film 17b is laid on the crushed stone 17, and the mortar 17c presses the top. The underfloor heat insulating material 15 may be a plate-like material or may be formed by spraying.

Further, FIG. 1 shows a structure in which the underfloor ventilation port 20 is provided in the concrete foundation 9, but the foam 3 '(FIG. 1) is also provided without the ventilation port 20 and on the inner surface of the concrete foundation 9. (Indicated by a two-dot chain line) is sprayed to form a structure in which the underfloor is shielded from outside air. Incidentally, the gap S ₂ and floor plate 14 communicates with the space between the underfloor heat-insulating material 15, and as shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 1,
The gap S ₂ and the indoor communicates via a slight gap, such as bonding joint of the inner wall member 8.

FIG. 2 is a view showing another embodiment of the wall structure of the present invention, including the underfloor as in FIG. In the figure, under the floor, leveling sand 17a is piled on crushed stone 16, on which a heat insulating plate 18 is laid via a moisture-proof polyethylene film 17b. Then, concrete 9 ′ is poured onto the heat insulating plate 18 to form a floor under the floor. Joist 13 passed on concrete 9 '
A floor plate 14 is provided thereon (and a floor plate 14 is provided on a joist passed over the slab), and an underfloor insulating material 15 'is formed by spraying between the floor plate 14 and the concrete 9'. Of course, a plate-like thing can be used as the underfloor heat insulating material 15 ').

In FIG. 2, the gap between the base 11 and the concrete foundation 9 created by the spacer 10 is filled with a caulking material 19. The space between the concrete 9 'and the floor plate 14 is shielded from the outside air by the caulking material 19 and the underfloor heat insulating material 15'. Note that S ₂
Contact portion between the indoor communicates through Similarly slight gap to that shown in FIG. 1, also the S ₂ and the concrete 9 ', and the space between the floor plate 14, the inner wall member 8 and the base 11 and the floor plate 14 Are communicated through a small gap.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a wall structure at an opening (a window in FIG. 3), showing a window sill 21 and lintels 22 and 2.
A state in which an airtight sash 24 is attached to a window frame structure formed by two pillars 23 (only one pillar is shown in the figure) is shown, and a contact portion between the outer wall material 6 and the airtight sash 24 is shown. Is embedded with a caulking material 25.

In the above figure, the window sill 21, lintel 22
In the figure, a foam is sprayed on a boundary portion with the plate material 2. Although not shown, a foam is also sprayed on the boundary between the pillar 23 and the middle plate 2 on the left and right sides of the airtight sash 24. By performing such spraying, first gap S ₁ and the second is the void S _2, that communicates around the window is blocked without. In the lower part of the window sill 21 and the upper part of the lintel 22, the body edge 7 is cut off, and as shown in FIG. 4, ventilation in the first air gap S ₁ above and below the airtight sash 24 is secured. ing.

FIGS. 5 and 6 are horizontal sectional views of the wall structure at the outgoing corner and the incoming corner. In FIG. 5, the middle plate member 2 is attached in contact with the two outdoor side surfaces of the corner post 31, and the corner portion of the corner post 31 on the indoor side is through a corner member 32,
An inner wall member 8 is attached. The outer wall member 6 is attached to the outdoor corner of the corner post 31 via a corner member 33. In FIG. 6, the inner wall member 8 is in contact with two indoor side surfaces of the corner post 31. The middle plate 2 is attached to the corner on the outdoor side of the corner post 31 via a corner member 34, and the outer wall member 6 is further attached to the outside thereof via a corner member 35.

In order to prevent the first gap and the second gap from communicating with each other, in FIG.
6 and, in FIG. 6, the middle plate 2 and the corner 3
Foams 3 are sprayed on the boundaries between 4 and 35, respectively.

FIG. 7A is a diagram showing the eaves portion of the wall structure and the heat insulating structure of the roof. The foam 3 is sprayed on the side surface of the spar 41 so that the first gap S ₁ and the second cavities S ₂ do not communicate with each other via the boundary between the middle plate 2 and the spar 41. Gap S ₂ communicates with the attic through slight gaps (not shown) between the spar 41 and the inner wall member 8. Further, the gap S ₁ is in communication with the space inside D of Nokiurazai 42, further the space D communicates with the gap S ₃ to be described later. Although the space D may communicate with the outside air under the eaves, FIG. 7A shows a case where the inside space D is isolated from the outside air under the eaves.

The heat insulating structure of the roof is configured as follows. That is, the inner side of the plywood 51 has been blown foam 3 '', on the outside of the plywood 51 roof with a gap S ₃ (roofing 52, consisting of roofing 53 and the sheathing roof plywood 54) is formed I have. In addition, FIG.
In the figure, a purlin 55, a rafter 56, and a rim 57 are also shown.

FIG. 7B is a view showing a cross section taken along the line AA 'of FIG. 7A. A rafter 56 is provided with a plywood 51 having a lower surface to which a foam is sprayed. The rim 5 provided at the rim 57 at the position of the rafter 57 of the plywood 51
7 is provided, and a roof is formed on the body edge 57.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a state of ventilation at the roof top. The gap S ₃ communicates with the outside air through a ventilation opening 58. Further, a foam 3 ″ is blown between the purlin 59 and the plywood 51 so that no gap is generated.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing the temperature gradient of the wall structure and the transfer state of moisture in the present embodiment. FIG. 3A shows the state during cooling in summer, and the moisture transmitted through the middle plate 1 is transmitted through the inner wall member 8 and dehumidified. At this time, the second gap S ₂ acts as a heat insulating layer,
Also, since it is open to the indoor side, at least the foam 3
There is no condensation inside. Further, FIG. (B) is intended in winter, the moisture generated in the room, go to the outside air, the air flow of the first gap S _1, is dissipated into the atmosphere, there is no condensation.

The function of the above-mentioned moisture transfer will be described below. That is, in the wall structure of the present invention, unlike the conventional wall structure shown in FIG. 10, the gap S < _b > ₂ communicates with the interior of the room, but has a small air movement and functions (acts) as a heat insulating layer. resulting in slight temperature difference between the indoor and the voids S _2. Therefore, the moisture transferred from the outside air passes through the gap of the inner wall material 8 having a small moisture-permeation resistance and passes through the inner wall material 8 and moves into the room without causing condensation on the foam 3.

Further, during heating, dew does not form on the indoor side of the inner wall member 8 and, if dew condensation occurs, occurs only inside or outside the foam 3, but moisture migrates to the gap S ₁ . and, in the gap S ₁ is performed ventilation because the air flow is large, the air containing water will be discharged to the outside air from the soffit.

It should be noted that the closed wall structure of the present invention can be applied to a region where the annual temperature is relatively low, a region where the annual temperature is relatively high, a region where the temperature difference between day and night is large, a region where the humidity is relatively high, or the humidity is relatively high The present invention is applied to a building in any region such as a low region, and can effectively prevent the occurrence of dew condensation.

Tables 1 and 2 show Experimental Examples 1 and 2 under the conditions of indoor temperature 25 ° C., indoor humidity 70%, outdoor temperature 35 ° C. and outdoor humidity 80% (under cooling in summer). Here, the inner wall material 8 is a gypsum board with a PVC cloth stuck on the indoor side surface, the foam 3 is a rigid polyurethane foam (described as “PUR” in the table), and the moisture permeable middle plate material 2 is Plywood is Tyvek (registered trademark) as the moisture-permeable waterproof paper 4, and metal siding is used as the outer wall material 6. In the table, the temperature, the actual vapor pressure, and the dew condensation state mean the values between the elements described in the column of each configuration. For example, in Table 1, the temperature between the PVC cloth and the gypsum board is 25.34.
4 ° C.

In Experimental Examples 1 and 2, since the indoor vapor pressure is lower than the outdoor vapor pressure, the moisture tends to move from the outdoor side to the indoor side as shown by the white arrow in FIG. . In Experimental Example 1, the moisture permeation resistance of the PVC cloth was 2
Even if the humidity is as high as 8.000 and the humidity of the outside air is high (conditions where dew condensation is likely to occur), dew condensation only occurs on the surface of the gypsum board on the hollow layer side as shown in Table 1 ( * 1). Therefore, the moisture transferred from the outside air is
For example, FIG. 1, the process proceeds disappeared chamber through the gap for communicating the gap S ₂ and the indoor described in FIG. 2 or 7,
Void communicating the gap S ₂ and attic described in (A) (not shown) moves to the attic through to disappear. In Experimental Example 2, a PVC cloth having a moisture resistance of 6.000 was used. Under normal weather conditions, dew condensation did not occur at any part, and complete prevention of dew condensation was achieved. You can see that there is.

[0037]

[Table 1]

[0038]

[Table 2]

Table 3 shows a room temperature of 20 ° C. and a room humidity of 70%.
Experimental Example 3 under the conditions of an outdoor temperature of −10 ° C. and an outdoor humidity of 80% (under heating in winter) is shown in Table 4 at an indoor temperature of 20 ° C., an indoor humidity of 70%, an outdoor temperature of −10 ° C., and an outdoor humidity of 60%. Experimental Example 4 under conditions (under heating in winter) is shown. Again, the inner wall material 8 is a gypsum board with a PVC cloth attached to the indoor side surface, the foam 3 is PUR, the permeable board 2 is plywood, the moisture permeable waterproof paper 4 is Tyvek, and the outer wall material is Siding 6 is used. In Experimental Examples 3 and 4, since the indoor steam pressure is higher than the outdoor steam pressure,
Moisture as shown by a hollow arrow in FIG. 9 (B), the process proceeds toward the outdoor side from the indoor side, to try to escape to the outside air through the gap S _1.

Experimental Example 3 is a case in which the transfer of moisture from the indoor side is facilitated and the outdoor vapor pressure is increased (conditions under which dew condensation is likely to occur). In this example, the boundary surface between the PUR and the plywood is used. Occurs. In Experimental Example 4, although it was a normal weather condition, dew condensation did not occur at any part, and it can be seen that complete prevention of dew condensation was achieved.

[0041]

[Table 3]

[0042]

[Table 4]

[0043]

As described above, the present invention has the following advantages. (1) There is almost no temperature difference between the second gap and the room irrespective of cooling and heating. Therefore, dew condensation hardly occurs on any of the inner and outer surfaces of the inner wall material. In addition, the indoor humidity is quickly released to the outside air mainly by the air flowing through the first gap through the permeable middle plate material (or the middle plate material and the layer when there is a moisture permeable waterproof layer). Since the moisture moves into the room and is dehumidified, moisture does not accumulate inside the intermediate wall material. (2) When the foam is formed by the on-site spraying method, the first gap and the second gap can be completely shut off. Therefore, the infiltration of moisture into the second gap can be efficiently prevented, and the effect (1) can be more efficiently achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of a wall structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment of the wall structure of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory sectional view of a window portion of the wall structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a flow of air near a window in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a view showing a wall structure according to the present invention at a protruding corner.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a wall structure of the present invention at a corner.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a connection state with a roof according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a connection state with a roof according to the present invention.

9A and 9B are diagrams showing a temperature distribution of a wall structure in the present embodiment, in which FIG. 9A shows a distribution during cooling, and FIG. 9B shows a distribution during heating.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a conventional heat insulating wall structure.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Middle wall material 2 Permeable middle board material 3 Foam 4 Moisture permeable waterproof paper 5 Straight 6 Outer wall material 7 Stud 8 Inner wall material 9 Concrete foundation 10 Spacer 11 Base 12 Large pull 13 Jouta 14 Floor plate 15 Crushed stone 16 Leveling sand 17a Moisture proof Polyethylene film 17b Mortar 17c Holding mortar 18 Insulating plate material 19 Caulking material S ₁ First gap S ₂ Second gap

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E04B 1/70 E04B 1/76

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. An outer wall material is attached to the outside of a middle wall material in which a foam is formed on an inner side surface of a moisture-permeable middle plate material through a first gap whose upper and lower parts are open to the outside air. A closed wall structure, wherein an inner wall material is attached to the inside of a middle wall material through a second gap opened to the indoor side and isolated from the first gap. 2. The closed wall structure according to claim 1, wherein a moisture-permeable waterproof layer is formed on an outer surface of the middle moisture-permeable plate. 3. The closed wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the foam is formed by an on-site spraying method.