JP2023527023A - Configurations that reduce vessel propulsion requirements - Google Patents

Abstract

At least one rudder (21) and at least one receiving space (22) for a propeller (30) formed in front of the rudder (21) in the direction of travel (F) of the vessel (100) in this configuration. forward of the propeller (30) storage space (22) to provide a configuration (20) with a storage space (22) that allows for reduced propulsion requirements of the vessel (100) with (20) It is proposed that at least one front nozzle (23) with at least one guide surface (24) and at least one side fin (25) is arranged on the rudder (21) in the direction of travel (F) of .

Description

The invention reduces the propulsion requirements of ships, especially ships, comprising at least one rudder and at least one receiving space for a propeller formed forward of the rudder and in the direction of travel of the ship. Regarding the configuration for Still further, the invention relates to a ship having that arrangement.

Various devices are already known for reducing the propulsion requirements of ships. For example, a ring nozzle upstream of the propeller in the ship's direction of travel can positively influence the energy consumption of the ship by optimizing the inflow to the propeller. Also known from DE 10 2005 004 003 A1 is a ring nozzle upstream of the propeller with an internal guide surface, which also contributes to reducing the energy consumption of the ship.

Still further, active devices are known to reduce frictional losses between the water and the hull. This device can generate air bubbles through nozzles that are distributed along the hull to reduce hull friction, allowing further energy savings.

EP 2100088

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved arrangement for reducing the propulsion requirements of a ship or for reducing the consumption of a ship.

According to one aspect of the present invention, this task is achieved by an arrangement for reducing the propulsion requirements of ships, and in particular ships. The arrangement is preferably designed as an energy saving arrangement and can be placed at the stern of the hull.

The arrangement comprises at least one rudder and at least one receiving space for a propeller in front of the rudder, viewed in the direction of travel of the vessel. At least one front nozzle having at least one guide surface is arranged in front of the accommodation space of the propeller when viewed from the direction of travel of the ship, and at least one side fin is arranged on the rudder. This measure results in a plurality of energy-saving devices being combined with each other, which surprisingly leads to further improved propulsion and thus fuel savings.

Depending on the number of propellers provided at the stern, multiple front nozzles with guide surfaces and multiple rudders with side fins may be used. Preferably, one rudder and one front nozzle are assigned to each propeller.

This arrangement can be used in particular for medium and large ships, such as container ships, general cargo ships, bulk carriers, ferries or tankers, in order to achieve fuel savings and thus reduced ship operating costs. In particular, the ship may have a maximum speed of at least 15 knots, preferably at least 20 knots, particularly preferably at least 24 knots.

At least one rudder of this configuration may be designed as a so-called full-spade rudder, which is pivotally mounted relative to the hull only in the upper region. At least one rudder is attachable to the hull by a rudder stock. Additionally, the rudder may include an optional rudder valve.

Also preferably, the rudder, in particular the full spade rudder, can be configured as a so-called "twisted rudder". In this case, the portion of the upper rudder blade has a different angle of attack relative to the portion of the lower rudder blade in the region of the leading edge and/or the trailing edge of the rudder with respect to the propeller flow or the propeller flow direction. obtain. The angles of attack of the portions of the upper and lower rudder blades may be constant or may vary continuously or discontinuously when viewed over the height of each rudder blade portion. .

In the direction of travel of the ship ahead of the rudder, a receiving space is provided for receiving at least one propeller. The front nozzle is positioned immediately before the accommodation space of the propeller in the traveling direction. Thus, the rudder and the front nozzle are spaced apart from each other such that there is sufficient space between the two to accommodate the propeller. A propeller may preferably be a component of the arrangement. A front nozzle with at least one guide surface may optimize the inflow to the propeller. In particular, this makes it possible, in particular in certain regions of the propeller inflow, to generate a speedup of the propeller inflow and/or vortices, in particular vortices counter-rotating the propeller vortices, which positively influences the thrust generated by the propeller. give.

The rudder is placed in the wake of the propeller (propeller jet stream trail). The rudder converts some of the energy of the wake into buoyancy, the propulsion component of which helps propel the ship. With the optimized propeller flow described above, the propeller increases thrust and consequently creates a more energetic wake. However, in some regions of the wake thus created, a surprising increase in turbulence occurs. By providing the rudder with at least one side fin, in particular in the region of the wake where increased turbulence occurs, the wake of the propeller can be further optimized. The side fins create counter-rotating vortices in the wake, thereby improving propeller thrust. The side fins also create additional lift and therefore additional propulsion. As a result, the thrust of an already optimized flowing propeller can be further increased, the fuel consumption can be further reduced, or the thrust can be further increased.

The propeller accommodation space is located in the direction of travel or flow between the front nozzle and the rudder having at least one side fin. The side fins are preferably mounted transversely to the rudder. In particular, provided that the rudder comprises a rudder valve, the side fins may be attached to or at the rudder valve of the rudder.

The front nozzle, the side fins of the front nozzle and/or the guide surfaces are preferably profiled, ie provided with a wing profile, so that they can act on the water flow.

A propeller arranged in the receiving space can flow particularly optimally if the front nozzle is formed as a ring nozzle or at least as part of a ring nozzle. The front nozzle at least partially circumferentially restricts the flow path. The ring nozzle is circumferentially closed, but a portion of the ring nozzle is circumferentially open. Ring nozzles and portions of ring nozzles may be rotationally symmetrical or rotationally asymmetrical. Thereby, the velocity of the flow in or behind the channel is increased. By adding at least one guide surface present in the front nozzle, an additional twist, in particular a counter-rotating vortex, is generated in the propeller inlet. These measures can increase the efficiency of the propeller.

A front nozzle formed as part of a ring nozzle may have a size corresponding to the circumference of a front nozzle designed as a full ring nozzle, for example, greater than or equal to 180 degrees, 90 degrees or 45 degrees. A portion of the ring nozzle can cover or tighten any range of angles. Through the pre-stage nozzle formed as part of the ring nozzle, the flow can be influenced in a targeted and locally concentrated manner.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the at least one guide surface of the pre-stage nozzle is designed in the form of fins and arranged in the ring nozzle or part of the at least one ring nozzle. In this case, the fins may preferably be arranged substantially perpendicular to the shell surface of the ring nozzle or part of the ring nozzle, in particular the ring nozzle or part of the ring nozzle. Depending on the embodiment, the at least one guide surface may be arranged with respect to the direction of travel of the vessel with or without angle of attack.

At least one guide surface may be arranged inside and/or outside the flow path formed by the front nozzle. In particular, when the front-stage nozzle has a plurality of guide surfaces, the guide surfaces may be provided inside and outside the flow path. Also, the guide surface can be positioned continuously through the nozzle shell and thereby inside and outside the flow path. The guide surface may be arranged substantially radially with respect to the rotational axis of the front nozzle. The axis of rotation of the front nozzle may coincide with the propeller axis. Preferably, however, the axis of rotation may also be offset upwards with respect to the propeller axis, ie arranged above the propeller axis. The rotation axis of the pre-stage nozzle may be parallel to the propeller axis or may be inclined.

The at least one fin may act on the flow outside the channel when protruding from the outer shell surface of the ring nozzle or a portion of the ring nozzle. By this measure, flow outside the flow path that is not accelerated by the ring nozzle or part of the ring nozzle can be induced into a vortex or a back-wound vortex. Smaller nozzle diameters can also be used, which reduces the overall drag of the front nozzle.

In a more preferred embodiment of the pre-nozzle with a plurality of guide surfaces, these can be arranged asymmetrically distributed inside and/or outside the pre-nozzle.

According to a further embodiment, the at least one guide surface is designed as a support strut for the front nozzle. As a result, in addition to affecting the flow, the at least one guide surface can perform the task of attaching the forward nozzle to the hull. The guide surface so formed is preferably arranged in the flow path of the fore-stage nozzle and is attached to the hull at one end and by the other end of the ring nozzle or part of the ring nozzle, especially in the area of the stern tube. .

A further optimization of the flow in the flowpath can be achieved in that at least one guide surface is arranged wholly or partly in the flowpath of the front nozzle. This measure can influence the water flow in the channel in such a way that the propeller is swept into the area near the axis of rotation with less turbulence.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, at least one guide surface extends radially from the axis of rotation of the preceding nozzle beyond the ring nozzle or a portion of the ring nozzle. This measure makes it possible to realize a substantially symmetrical front nozzle with a guide surface. At the same time, the guide surface acts as a fastening element for the front nozzle and allows a favorable influence on the overall flow of the propeller in the accommodation space. In particular, the guide surfaces are arranged both inside and outside the flow path of the pre-stage nozzle. More preferably, the length of the guide surface in this embodiment is greater than the length of the at least one side fin.

Further control of propeller inflow can be achieved by a front nozzle with a plurality of uniformly or non-uniformly distributed guide surfaces. In particular, certain localized areas of flow directed at the propeller may be differentially affected, particularly induced by counter-rotating vortices.

According to a further embodiment, a front nozzle with at least one guide surface and at least one side fin are arranged asymmetrically opposite the rudder in the following manner. In that aspect, in the non-deflected rudder position, the at least one side fin is arranged on one side of the rudder and the front nozzle with at least one guide surface is at least partially, preferably predominantly, in particular It is preferably located entirely on the other side of the ladder. Preferably, the front nozzle having at least one guide surface extends over the first outer surface of the rudder and the at least one side fin extends over the second outer surface of the rudder. The undeflected rudder position is the zero position where the rudder angle is zero (eg, when the vessel is heading straight). In particular, when viewed from the rear of the present configuration or vessel, the asymmetrical configuration is such that the side fins are arranged on one side of the rudder and the front nozzle with at least one guide surface is at least partially, preferably, dominant. A proportion, particularly preferably completely, will be located on the other side of the ladder. Preferably, in this embodiment of the present configuration there is only one prestage nozzle and one or more side fins, the one or more side fins preferably all being arranged on the same side of the rudder. In particular, no side fins are provided on the side of the ladder on which the front nozzles are mostly or completely arranged. In particular, most, preferably all, of the guide surfaces of the front nozzle are arranged opposite the side fins of the rudder, ie on the other side of the rudder.

Furthermore, in configurations with two or more ladders, the front nozzle is at least partially on one side of one ladder, preferably, especially such that the front nozzle and side fins are located on opposite sides of the two ladders. With predominant proportions, particularly preferably completely arranged, the side fins can be arranged on one side of the other ladder.

The asymmetric configuration of the forward nozzle and side fins has a particularly large hydraulic effect, further reducing the propulsion requirements of the vessel. Therefore, turbulence often occurs in the flow to the propeller in the same region, especially in the range of about 8 o'clock to 12 o'clock in the backward view of the propeller, in the case of a right-handed propeller. By arranging the pre-stage nozzle with its at least one guide surface in this region, i.e. at least partially, mostly or completely on one side of the rudder, a counter-rotating vortex is generated at the inlet at the appropriate point. be done. This reduces turbulence in the inflow for impacts on the propeller and increases propeller efficiency. Here, surprisingly, tests carried out by the Applicant have shown that an increase in turbulence often occurs on the opposite (other) side of the rudder when the forestage nozzle is provided in the wake of the propeller in the following manner: and in simulations. In that aspect, the side fins have a positive effect on the wake in their areas of greatest turbulence, and in particular at least one side fin is placed on this side as the turbulence is reduced by creating counter-rotating vortices. It is particularly preferable to provide In right-turning propellers, these turbulences often occur in the wake in the range of about 2 o'clock to 4 o'clock in the backward view of the propeller, so it is particularly preferred to provide at least one side fin in this region. can be.

According to a further embodiment, the front nozzle and at least one side fin having at least one guide surface, the front nozzle and/or the at least one guide surface are arranged both on one side of the rudder and on the other side of the rudder. are arranged symmetrically with respect to the ladder. Accordingly, the front nozzle and/or the at least one guide surface preferably extend beyond the first and second outer surfaces of the ladder. Still further, at least one side fin is positioned on the first outer surface and at least one side fin is positioned on the second outer surface of the rudder. In such a configuration, the total propeller inflow and propeller outflow may be optimized using the front nozzle and side fins.

At least one side fin is preferably attached to the rudder on one face side of the rudder and/or rudder valve, in particular on the outer face. The other end of the at least one side fin is preferably formed as a free end.

The at least one side fin can be designed and attached to the rudder in a particularly simple technical manner if it is arranged substantially perpendicular to the first and/or second outer surface of the rudder.

In a further embodiment, the at least one side fin forms an angle of less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 75 degrees, particularly preferably 60 degrees with respect to the first and/or second outer surface of the ladder. Arranged in less than

In particular, by reducing the angle between the side fins and the outer surface of the rudder, the width of the rudder can be reduced. As a result, the risk of damage to the side fins in vessel operation may be reduced and/or the drag of the arrangement may be reduced. A similar effect can be achieved by adjusting the length of the side fins.

If there are two or more side fins, they can be arranged exclusively on one lateral surface of the rudder or on both lateral surfaces of the rudder.

A further optimization of the flow generated by the propeller can be achieved if at least one side fin comprises a tapered sweep. Additionally, the tapered sweep of the side fins improves gliding of flotsam and reduces the potential for damage.

According to a further embodiment, at least one side fin attached to the rudder comprises a cap arranged on its face side or a winglet arranged on its face side. In particular, caps or winglets may be formed or attached to the free ends or edges of the side fins. This measure simplifies the separation of the flow from one edge of the side fin and can reduce the hydraulic resistance of the side fin.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a marine vessel comprising the arrangement described above. The arrangement may comprise any defined embodiment. The watercraft may preferably be a watercraft comprising a hull having at least one rudder arranged at the stern.

The at least one rudder may, for example, be designed as a full spade rudder so that it can be pivotably connected to the hull along the rudder axis.

In the direction of travel of the vessel in front of the rudder there is provided a storage space and a propeller located in the storage space. The accommodation space may extend across the direction of travel across multiple rudders arranged in parallel and may accommodate one or more propellers.

By equipping the vessel in this configuration, energy saving devices acting in combination are used in the direction of travel in front of the propeller and behind the propeller to increase the efficiency of the propeller and vessel. Preferably, a front nozzle with at least one guide surface may be positioned in front of the propeller and the accommodation space so as to facilitate the inflow of the propeller.

If multiple propellers are positioned within the accommodation space, multiple front nozzles with guide surfaces may also optionally be used.

In the direction of travel of the vessel behind the propeller and the stowage space, the wake of the propeller can be optimized by at least one side fin attached to the rudder.

One or more side fins may be used per rudder and per lateral surface of the rudder. Through the side fins, for example, the thrust generated by the propeller can be aligned in the direction of travel and thereby amplified.

1 is a side view of the stern region of a vessel having a configuration according to the first embodiment; FIG. FIG. 5 is a top view of the stern region of a ship having a configuration according to a second embodiment; FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the stern region of a ship having a configuration according to a third embodiment; FIG. 11 is a further perspective view of the stern region of the vessel with the arrangement according to the third embodiment;

A number of exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below on the basis of the drawings.

In the drawings, each identical component has the same reference numeral.

FIG. 1 shows a side view of the stern region 10 of a watercraft 100 having an arrangement 20 according to a first embodiment. In particular, the stern region 10 of the hull 110 of the watercraft 100 is shown.

Configuration 20 is used to reduce the propulsion requirements of vessel 100 . In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, vessel 100 is designed as a ship. As an example, arrangement 20 comprises only one rudder 21 pivotable along rudder axis R. FIG.

The accommodation space 22 is provided forward of the rudder 21 in the traveling direction F of the ship 100 . A propeller 30 is positioned in the accommodation space 22 as an example.

The propeller 30 is used to drive the watercraft 100 and is rotatable about its rotational axis P (propeller axis) and can be driven.

A front stage nozzle 23 having a plurality of guide surfaces 24 is arranged in front of a housing space 22 for the propeller 30 in the traveling direction F of the marine vessel 100 . According to the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the front nozzle 23 spans an angular range of 180 degrees, thereby forming a portion of a substantially semicircular ring nozzle.

Further, configuration 20 has two side fins 25 (only one side fin is shown by the side view of FIG. 1, the side fin (not shown) shown on the side of the rudder (not shown)). are arranged in the same way). A side fin 25 is attached to each outer surface 26 , 27 of the ladder 21 . Configuration 20 is therefore designed to be symmetrical.

The side fins 25 are connected to the rudder 21 at the height of the rotation axis P of the propeller 30 . In the illustrated embodiment, the side fins are attached to the rudder 21 in the area of the rudder bulb 211 .

Figure 2 shows a top view of the stern region 10 of a watercraft 100 having an arrangement 20 according to a second embodiment. Contrary to the first exemplary embodiment, configuration 20 is designed asymmetrically. In this case, the front nozzle 23 having a plurality of guide surfaces 24 protrudes laterally on the second outer surface 27 . The front stage nozzle 23 is arranged so that its dominant portion is on one side of the illustrated rudder 21 (left side of the rudder (port side)). Only a small subregion protrudes beyond the other side of the rudder 21 (starboard). The front nozzle 23 spans an angular range of approximately 120 degrees. In this case, the pre-nozzle 23 is formed as part of a profiled ring nozzle.

The front nozzle 23 at least partially circumferentially restricts the flow path 40 . The guide surface 24 also constitutes a profile and projects radially through the channel 40 and through the front nozzle 23, starting from the front nozzle's axis of rotation, which in the illustrated exemplary embodiment coincides with the rotation axis P of the propeller 30. do. As an example, three guide surfaces 24 are provided arranged along the axis of rotation P of the propeller 30 at uniform angles to each other.

Side fins 25 are attached to first outer surface 26 of ladder 21 . Therefore, the side fins 25 are arranged on the other side of the ladder 21 with respect to most of the front stage nozzles 23 . No side fins are provided on the second outer surface 27 . At the free ends 28 of the side fins 25 winglets 29 are arranged as an example. The winglets 29 may be designed integrally with the side fins 25 or may be connected to the side fins 25 afterwards.

Winglets 29 may be oriented away toward and/or away from hull 110 of watercraft 100 .

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the stern region 10 of a watercraft 100 having an arrangement 20 according to a third embodiment. Unlike the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the configuration 20 comprises side fins 25 with a tapered sweep in the direction of travel F and no winglets. Otherwise, the third embodiment is the same as the second embodiment.

Furthermore, in FIG. 3 at least one guide surface 50 is designed as a support strut for the front nozzle 23 in the hull 110 of the vessel 100 .

FIG. 4 shows a further perspective view of the stern region 10 of the ship 100 with the arrangement 20 according to the third embodiment according to FIG. An asymmetrical structure of configuration 20 is shown. As an alternative to the front nozzle 23 being designed as part of a ring nozzle, it may be formed as a ring nozzle covering a 360 degree angular range and preferably positioned parallel to the propeller 30 .

100 Vessel 110 Hull 10 Stern Region 20 Configuration/Energy Saving Configuration 21 Rudder 211 Rudder Bulb 22 Receiving Space 23 Front Nozzle 24 Guide Surface 25 Side Fin 26 First Outer Surface of Rudder 27 Second Outer Surface of Rudder 28 of Side Fin free end/edge 29 winglet 30 propeller 40 channel 50 guide surface F (designed as a support strut) direction of travel P propeller axis of rotation R rudder axis

Claims (15)

An arrangement (20) for reducing propulsion requirements of a vessel (100), in particular a vessel, comprising at least one rudder (21) and at least one receiving space (22) for a propeller (30). , wherein the accommodation space (22) is formed in front of the rudder (21) in the direction of travel (F) of the ship (100),
At least one front nozzle (23) having at least one guide surface (24) is arranged in the forward direction (F) in front of the accommodation space (22) of the propeller (30) and at least one side fin. (25) is arranged in said ladder (21). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the forerunner (23) is formed as a ring nozzle or as part of at least one ring nozzle, the forerunner (23) at least partially circumferentially limiting the flow path (40). configuration. 3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one guide surface (24) of the preliminary nozzle (23) is designed in the form of a fin arranged on the ring nozzle or on a part of the at least one ring nozzle. 4. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the at least one guide surface (24) designed as a fin protrudes from the outer shell surface of the front nozzle (23) designed as a ring nozzle or as part of a ring nozzle. 5. Arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one guide surface (24) is designed as a support strut (50) of the pre-nozzle (23). 6. Arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one guide surface (24) is designed into the flow path (40) of the pre-nozzle (23). 7. Any of claims 2 to 6, wherein said at least one guide surface (24) extends radially from the axis of rotation (RA) of said pre-nozzle (23) over said ring nozzle or part of said ring nozzle. or the configuration described in item 1. 8. Arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pre-nozzle (23) comprises a plurality of uniformly or non-uniformly distributed guide surfaces (24, 50). The front nozzle (23) having the at least one guide surface (24) and the at least one side fin (25) are arranged such that, in an undeflected rudder position, the at least one side fin (25) is aligned with the rudder (21). arranged on one side of the rudder (21 9. Arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 8, arranged asymmetrically opposite said ladder (21) such that it is arranged on the other side of said ladder (21). Said front nozzle (23) having said at least one guide surface (24) and said at least one side fin (25) are arranged such that said front nozzle (23) and/or said at least one guide surface (24) are in contact with said ladder. at least one side fin (25) is arranged symmetrically opposite said ladder (21) so as to be located both on one side of said ladder (21) and on the other side of said ladder (21); 10. Arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 9, arranged on a side (26) and a second outer side (27). 2. Claim wherein said at least one side fin (25) is arranged substantially perpendicular to a first lateral surface (26) and/or a second lateral surface (27) of said ladder (21). 10. The arrangement according to any one of 1 to 9. said at least one side fin (25) is less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 75 degrees, in particular 12. Arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, preferably arranged at an angle of less than 60 degrees. 13. The arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one side fin (25) comprises a tapered sweep. 14. Any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the at least one side fin (25) attached to the rudder (21) comprises a cap located on its face side or a winglet (29) located on its face side. or the configuration described in item 1. A vessel (100), in particular a vessel, comprising an arrangement (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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