JP2023047901A - Fermented milk and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、無脂肪の静置型発酵乳及び当該発酵乳の製造方法に関する。更に詳しくは、輸送時の組織崩れや離水発生がない硬度を有し、かつ攪拌時の外観がなめらかで、カード粒量の少ない、しかも特別な原料や設備を使用しない静置型発酵乳、及び当該発酵乳の製造方法に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a non-fat stationary fermented milk and a method for producing the fermented milk. More specifically, a static fermented milk that has a hardness that does not cause structural collapse or syneresis during transportation, has a smooth appearance when stirred, has a small amount of curd grains, and does not use special raw materials or equipment, and It relates to a method for producing fermented milk.
発酵乳は、牛乳等の獣乳を原料とし、乳酸菌あるいは酵母又はその両者により発酵させたものである。発酵乳は、腸内環境を整えるとされる乳酸菌類を摂取できる他、3大栄養素のひとつであるタンパク質を気軽に摂取できる食品であることから、消費者の健康志向の高まりを背景に、需要がより一層高まっている。そのような中で、低脂肪、脂肪ゼロを訴求した無脂肪の発酵乳商品は増加する傾向である。しかし、安定剤等を使用しない発酵乳において、脂肪量を低減させると、硬度が低下して、輸送時の組織崩れや離水発生が生じるといった課題がある。 Fermented milk is obtained by fermenting animal milk such as cow's milk with lactic acid bacteria, yeast, or both. Fermented milk is a food that allows you to take in lactic acid bacteria, which are said to improve the intestinal environment, and protein, which is one of the three major nutrients. is increasing further. Under such circumstances, non-fat fermented milk products that appeal to low-fat and zero-fat products tend to increase. However, in fermented milk that does not use a stabilizer or the like, if the amount of fat is reduced, there is a problem that the hardness of the fermented milk is lowered, causing structural collapse and syneresis during transportation.
特許文献1によると、原料乳に部分加熱変性ホエイタンパク質を含有させることで、振動に対して安定でホエイオフの少ない発酵乳が製造できることが開示されている。
特許文献2では、α-ラクトアルブミンを乳原料混合物に0.3重量%以上加えたヨーグルトミックス、α-ラクトアルブミンがタンパク質中の60重量%以上含まれるホエイタンパク質濃縮物を含むヨーグルトミックス、β-ラクトグロブリンを乳原料混合物に0.4重量%以上加えたヨーグルトミックス、又はβ-ラクトグロブリンがタンパク質中の65重量%以上含まれるホエイタンパク質濃縮物を含むヨーグルトミックスを用いることで、硬度や風味に優れた発酵乳が製造できることが開示されている。
特許文献3では、スターターの添加量を通常使用量の半分以下とする等、発酵の誘導期が長くなるように調整及び/または調節しておき、その後、発酵乳原料ミックス中の溶存酸素濃度を低減させて通常の発酵温度付近で発酵を行うことで、通常の発酵温度と発酵時間で、また安定化剤などの添加物を用いることなく、緻密でまろやかな風味を持ち、かつ、流通段階で崩れる事のない堅さの組織を有する発酵乳が製造できることが開示されている。
特許文献4では、純度90%以上の高純度ホエイタンパク質を、総タンパク質の少なくとも0.6%の割合でヨーグルト原料又はヨーグルトに含有させることで、ホエイオフを防止した発酵乳が製造できることが開示されている。
According to Patent Document 1, it is disclosed that fermented milk that is stable against vibration and has little whey off can be produced by including partially heat-denatured whey protein in raw material milk.
In Patent Document 2, a yogurt mix in which 0.3% by weight or more of α-lactalbumin is added to a milk raw material mixture, a yogurt mix containing a whey protein concentrate containing 60% by weight or more of α-lactalbumin in the protein, β- By using a yogurt mix in which 0.4% by weight or more of lactoglobulin is added to the milk raw material mixture, or a yogurt mix containing whey protein concentrate containing 65% by weight or more of β-lactoglobulin in the protein, hardness and flavor can be improved. It is disclosed that excellent fermented milk can be produced.
In Patent Document 3, the amount of starter added is adjusted and / or adjusted so that the induction period of fermentation is prolonged, such as by making the amount of starter added less than half of the amount normally used, and then the dissolved oxygen concentration in the fermented milk raw material mix is increased. By reducing and fermenting at a temperature close to the normal fermentation temperature, it has a precise and mellow flavor at the normal fermentation temperature and fermentation time without using additives such as stabilizers, and at the distribution stage. It is disclosed that fermented milk can be produced with a firm texture that does not crumble.
Patent Document 4 discloses that fermented milk that prevents whey off can be produced by including high-purity whey protein with a purity of 90% or more in a yogurt raw material or yogurt at a rate of at least 0.6% of the total protein. there is
しかし、特許文献1の方法では、ホエイオフの少ない発酵乳の製造方法が示されているが、カード粒の発生についての言及はない。また、特許文献1の方法では、ホエイタンパク質を加熱処理して変性させる必要があるため、そのための製造設備が必要であるという課題がある。
特許文献2の方法では、硬度に優れた発酵乳の製造方法が示されているが、特定の成分値を有する素材を購入する必要があるという課題がある。また、カード粒の発生に関する言及はなく、また超高温殺菌した発酵乳に限られている。
特許文献3の方法では、緻密でまろやかな風味を持ち、かつ、流通段階で崩れる事のない堅さの組織を有する発酵乳の製造方法が示されているが、カード粒の発生に関する記載はない。また流通段階での組織の崩れについての評価はカードテンションのみであり、効果に関する記載は限定的である。また、特許文献3の方法では、ミックスの溶存酸素濃度を低減させる設備が必要であるという課題がある。
特許文献4の方法では、高純度ホエイ素材を購入する必要があるという課題がある。また、保存試験は5℃にて実施しており、効果は限定的である。また、輸送時の組織の崩れ、硬度及びカード粒の発生についての言及はない。
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、無脂肪の静置型発酵乳に関し、輸送時の組織崩れや離水発生がない硬度を有し、かつ攪拌時の外観がなめらかで、カード粒の少ない発酵乳に関する。また、特別な原料や設備を使用しない前記発酵乳の製造方法に関する。
However, in the method of Patent Document 1, although a method for producing fermented milk with less whey-off is shown, there is no mention of the generation of curd grains. Moreover, in the method of Patent Document 1, since it is necessary to heat-treat whey protein to denature it, there is a problem that production equipment for that purpose is necessary.
The method of Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing fermented milk with excellent hardness, but has the problem that it is necessary to purchase raw materials having specific component values. In addition, there is no reference to the generation of curd grains, and it is limited to ultra-high temperature sterilized fermented milk.
The method of Patent Document 3 describes a method for producing fermented milk having a dense and mellow flavor and a firm structure that does not collapse during distribution, but there is no description of the generation of curd grains. . In addition, only the card tension is evaluated for the collapse of the structure in the distribution stage, and the description of the effect is limited. Moreover, the method of Patent Document 3 has a problem that equipment for reducing the dissolved oxygen concentration of the mix is required.
The method of Patent Document 4 has a problem that it is necessary to purchase a high-purity whey material. In addition, the storage test was conducted at 5°C, and the effect is limited. In addition, there is no mention of the collapse of the structure during transportation, the hardness, and the generation of curd grains.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and relates to non-fat stationary fermented milk, which has a hardness that does not cause tissue collapse or syneresis during transportation, and has a smooth appearance when stirred, and a curd. It relates to fermented milk with few grains. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the fermented milk that does not use special raw materials or equipment.
本発明者らは、無脂肪の静置型発酵乳において、発酵乳中のホエイタンパク質量を0.75質量%以上0.89質量%未満、全固形量を10.6質量%以上13.0質量%以下とすることで、安定剤等を添加せずとも、輸送時において、発酵乳の組織崩れ、離水発生と、カード粒の発生を抑制できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明は以下の構成を有する。
The present inventors found that in the non-fat stationary fermented milk, the amount of whey protein in the fermented milk is 0.75% by mass or more and less than 0.89% by mass, and the total solid content is 10.6% by mass or more and 13.0% by mass. % or less, it is possible to suppress the collapse of the structure of the fermented milk, the occurrence of syneresis, and the occurrence of curd grains during transportation without adding a stabilizer or the like, and have completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention has the following configurations.
<1>発酵乳中のホエイタンパク質量が0.75質量%以上0.89質量%未満であり、発酵乳の全固形量が10.6質量%以上13.0質量%以下であることを特徴とする無脂肪の静置型発酵乳。
<2>硬度が18gw以上であり、且つ90%粒子径が200μm未満である<1>に記載の静置型発酵乳。
<3>乳タンパク質含量が、3.7質量%以上である<1>又は<2>に記載の静置型発酵乳。
<4>乳糖含量が、5.4質量%以上である<1>~<3>のいずれかに記載の静置型発酵乳。
<5>安定化剤を含まない<1>~<4>のいずれかに記載の静置型発酵乳。
<6>無脂肪の静置型発酵乳の製造方法であって、
ホエイタンパク質量が0.75質量%以上0.89質量%未満であり、全固形量が10.6質量%以上13.0質量%以下であるミックスを準備する工程と、
当該ミックスを均質化処理する工程と、
均質化されたミックスを食用容器に充てんして発酵する工程と、
を含む、無脂肪の静置型発酵乳の製造方法。
<7>ミックスの乳タンパク質含量が、3.7質量%以上である<6>に記載の静置型発酵乳の製造方法。
<8>ミックスの乳糖含量が、5.4質量%以上である<7>に記載の静置型発酵乳の製造方法。
<9>安定化剤を含まない<6>~<8>のいずれかに記載の静置型発酵乳の製造方法。
<1> The amount of whey protein in the fermented milk is 0.75% by mass or more and less than 0.89% by mass, and the total solid content of the fermented milk is 10.6% by mass or more and 13.0% by mass or less. Fat-free stationary fermented milk.
<2> The static fermented milk according to <1>, which has a hardness of 18 gw or more and a 90% particle size of less than 200 µm.
<3> The static fermented milk according to <1> or <2>, wherein the milk protein content is 3.7% by mass or more.
<4> The static fermented milk according to any one of <1> to <3>, which has a lactose content of 5.4% by mass or more.
<5> The static fermented milk according to any one of <1> to <4>, which does not contain a stabilizer.
<6> A method for producing non-fat stationary fermented milk,
A step of preparing a mix having a whey protein content of 0.75% by mass or more and less than 0.89% by mass and a total solid content of 10.6% by mass or more and 13.0% by mass or less;
A step of homogenizing the mix;
A step of filling the homogenized mix into an edible container and fermenting it;
A method for producing fat-free stationary fermented milk, comprising:
<7> The method for producing static fermented milk according to <6>, wherein the milk protein content of the mix is 3.7% by mass or more.
<8> The method for producing static fermented milk according to <7>, wherein the mix has a lactose content of 5.4% by mass or more.
<9> The method for producing stationary fermented milk according to any one of <6> to <8>, which does not contain a stabilizer.
本発明によれば、脂肪ゼロタイプの静置型発酵乳において、輸送時において発酵乳の組織の崩れ、離水発生を抑制できる硬度を発酵乳に付与し、かつ攪拌時の外観のなめらかさを付与し、カード粒の発生を抑制した発酵乳を提供することができる。しかも、安定剤等の添加物や特別な原料、設備を使用することなく発酵乳を製造できるので、工業的生産に適している。 According to the present invention, in a fat-free stationary type fermented milk, the fermented milk is given a hardness that can suppress the collapse of the structure of the fermented milk and the occurrence of syneresis during transportation, and a smooth appearance when stirred. , it is possible to provide fermented milk that suppresses the generation of curd grains. Moreover, the fermented milk can be produced without using additives such as stabilizers, special raw materials, or equipment, so it is suitable for industrial production.
本発明について以下に詳細に説明する。 The present invention is described in detail below.
(発酵乳)
発酵乳は、「乳等省令」で、乳又はこれと同等以上の無脂乳固形分を含む乳等を乳酸菌又は酵母で発酵させ、糊状又は液状にしたもの又はこれらを凍結したもの、と定義されている。本明細書において、「発酵乳」は、乳等省令で定める定義を適用する。
また、食品表示法別表第9によると、脂肪量をゼロ(0)と表示できる量は0.5g/100g未満である。本明細書おける無脂肪の発酵乳とは、発酵乳中の脂肪量が0.5g/100g以下(0.5質量%以下)の発酵乳をいい、脂肪ゼロ(脂肪0)、脂肪ゼロタイプの発酵乳と同義で用いられる。
本明細書において、静置型発酵乳(後発酵型発酵乳、セットヨーグルトとも呼ばれる。)とは、飲食用の容器に発酵原料を充填して後発酵させた発酵乳である。すなわち、飲食用の容器に発酵原料を充填してから発酵し、その後攪拌することなく市販に供する発酵乳である。タンパク質含量が、高濃度となるように原料を溶解した、あるいは膜装置など設備で予め濃縮した発酵原料にて調製した静置型発酵乳は、濃縮型発酵乳(ギリシャヨーグルト)とも呼ばれる。
発酵乳としては、一般に、静置型発酵乳以外に、攪拌型発酵乳(前発酵型発酵乳又はソフトヨーグルトとも呼ばれる)、液状型発酵乳などがある。攪拌型発酵乳とは、原料を発酵させて得られたカードを撹拌して破砕して得られる発酵乳であり、ほかに何も具を入れないタイプのほか、果肉等の他の原料を混合した具入りタイプのものもある。
液状型発酵乳は、静置型発酵乳や攪拌型発酵乳を均質機などで細かく砕いて、液状の性質を高め、必要に応じて果肉やソースなどと混合してから、飲食用の容器に充填して市販に供する発酵乳である。液状型発酵乳は、ドリンクヨーグルトとも呼ばれ、液状(例えば、粘度が600mPa・s以下)である。前記粘度は、東機産業株式会社製等の一般的なB型粘度計を用い、100mlの試料を測定容器に分注し、測定プローブ(ローターM2又はM3)を挿入し、回転開始から30秒後の測定値を粘度(mPa・s)としたものである。この場合、粘度の測定は10℃で行う。
本発明の発酵乳は、静置型発酵乳であるから、上記の攪拌型発酵乳や液状型発酵乳は含まれない。
本発明において静置型発酵乳とは、乳や脱脂粉乳、クリーム、乳タンパク質などの乳製品と必要に応じて風味調整のための砂糖や水などを調合し発酵させたヨーグルトをいう。
(fermented milk)
Fermented milk is fermented with lactic acid bacteria or yeast and made into paste or liquid, or frozen. defined. As used herein, the term "fermented milk" applies the definition provided by the Ministerial Ordinance on Milk, etc.
In addition, according to the Food Labeling Law Appended Table 9, the amount of fat that can be labeled as zero (0) is less than 0.5g/100g. Fat-free fermented milk in the present specification refers to fermented milk having a fat content of 0.5 g / 100 g or less (0.5% by mass or less), zero fat (0 fat), zero fat type Used synonymously with fermented milk.
In this specification, static fermented milk (also referred to as post-fermented fermented milk or set yogurt) is fermented milk obtained by filling a container for eating and drinking with fermentation raw materials and post-fermenting them. That is, it is a fermented milk that is marketed without being stirred after fermenting after filling a container for eating and drinking with fermentation raw materials. Stationary fermented milk prepared from fermented raw materials in which raw materials have been dissolved so that the protein content is highly concentrated, or which has been pre-concentrated with equipment such as a membrane device, is also called concentrated fermented milk (Greek yogurt).
As fermented milk, in addition to static fermented milk, there are generally stirred fermented milk (also called pre-fermented fermented milk or soft yogurt), liquid fermented milk, and the like. Stirred fermented milk is fermented milk obtained by stirring and crushing the curds obtained by fermenting raw materials. There is also a type with ingredients.
Liquid fermented milk is produced by crushing stationary fermented milk or stirred fermented milk finely with a homogenizer or the like to increase its liquid properties, mixing it with pulp or sauce as necessary, and then filling it into containers for eating and drinking. It is a fermented milk that is marketed as Liquid fermented milk is also called yogurt drink, and is liquid (for example, viscosity of 600 mPa·s or less). The viscosity is measured by using a general B-type viscometer such as manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., dispensing a 100 ml sample into a measuring container, inserting a measuring probe (rotor M2 or M3), and starting rotation for 30 seconds. The later measured value is the viscosity (mPa·s). In this case, the viscosity measurements are made at 10°C.
Since the fermented milk of the present invention is static fermented milk, it does not include the above stirring type fermented milk or liquid fermented milk.
In the present invention, stationary fermented milk refers to yoghurt prepared by mixing and fermenting dairy products such as milk, powdered skim milk, cream, milk protein, and optionally sugar and water for flavor adjustment.
(原材料)
本発明において、「発酵乳の原料」とは、生乳(原乳)、全脂乳、脱脂乳、ホエイ等の乳成分を含む液体である。ここで、生乳とは、例えば、牛乳などの獣乳をいう。発酵乳の原料は、全脂乳、脱脂乳、ホエイなどの他に、その加工品(例えば、全脂粉乳、全脂濃縮乳、脱脂粉乳、脱塩脱脂粉乳、脱脂濃縮乳、練乳、ホエイ粉、ホエイ濃縮粉、クリーム、バター、チーズなど)も含まれる。また本発明の発酵乳の一態様においては、前記乳成分を含む液体のほかに風味付与素材、色素を含むことができる。風味付与剤としては、砂糖、糖類などの甘味料、香料、果汁、果肉、ビタミン、ミネラル、植物油脂、乳化剤などの、食品もしくは食品成分及び食品添加物が挙げられる。
本発明の発酵乳は、安定化剤を含まなくても輸送時において発酵乳の組織の崩れ、離水発生を抑制できる硬度を発酵乳に付与し、かつ攪拌時の外観のなめらかさを付与し、カード粒の発生を抑制可能な発酵乳である。したがって、本発明の発酵乳の原材料として典型的には、乳成分のみ、あるいは乳成分と風味付与素材、色素のみを含み、必要に応じて水を含むこともあるが、安定化剤を含まないことを特徴とする。本発明の発酵乳の一態様において含まれないとする安定化剤としては、発酵乳の形状を安定化させるための添加物でありゼラチン、寒天、ペクチン、カラギーナン、キサンタンガム、グアーガム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ジェランガム、アルギン酸、コーンスターチ、加工でんぷん、大豆多糖類等の食品及び食品添加物が挙げられる。
(raw materials)
In the present invention, the "raw material of fermented milk" is a liquid containing milk components such as raw milk (raw milk), whole milk, skim milk, and whey. Here, raw milk refers to, for example, animal milk such as cow's milk. Raw materials for fermented milk include whole milk, skim milk, whey, etc., as well as processed products thereof (e.g., whole milk powder, whole fat concentrated milk, skim milk powder, desalted skim milk powder, skim concentrated milk, condensed milk, whey powder, , whey concentrate, cream, butter, cheese, etc.). Moreover, in one aspect of the fermented milk of the present invention, flavor imparting materials and pigments can be included in addition to the liquid containing the milk component. Flavor imparting agents include foods or food ingredients and food additives such as sweeteners such as sugar and saccharides, flavors, fruit juices, pulp, vitamins, minerals, vegetable oils and fats, and emulsifiers.
The fermented milk of the present invention gives the fermented milk a hardness that can suppress the collapse of the structure of the fermented milk and the occurrence of syneresis during transportation even if it does not contain a stabilizer, and gives the fermented milk a smooth appearance when stirred, It is a fermented milk that can suppress the generation of curd grains. Therefore, the raw material for the fermented milk of the present invention typically contains only milk components, or only milk components and flavor-imparting materials and pigments, and may optionally contain water, but does not contain stabilizers. It is characterized by Stabilizers that are not included in one aspect of the fermented milk of the present invention include additives for stabilizing the shape of fermented milk, such as gelatin, agar, pectin, carrageenan, xanthan gum, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, and gellan gum. , alginic acid, corn starch, modified starch, soybean polysaccharides and other foods and food additives.
発酵乳の原料に添加して混合(接種)するためのスターターの例として、乳酸桿菌である、ラクトバチルス・ブルガリクスや、ラクトバチルス・ラクティス、乳酸球菌である、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィラス、その他の発酵乳の製造で一般的に用いられる乳酸菌や酵母などから選ばれる1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。
スターターの添加量は、公知の発酵乳の製造方法において採用されている添加量に従って、適宜設定することができる。また、スターターの接種方法も、特に制限されることなく、発酵乳の製造で慣用されている方法を適宜用いることができる。
発酵の条件は、発酵乳の種類や所望の風味、使用するスターターの種類などを考慮して、適宜設定することができる。例えば、発酵室内の温度(発酵温度)を30℃~50℃の範囲に維持し、その発酵室内で静置しながら発酵させる方法を挙げることができる。かかる温度条件であれば、一般に乳酸菌が活動しやすいため、効果的に発酵を進めることができる。発酵温度は、通常では30℃~50℃程度、好ましくは35℃~45℃の範囲、より好ましくは37℃~43℃の範囲を挙げることができる。
発酵時間は、発酵乳の乳酸酸度が所定の割合に到達することを目安に、適宜設定調整することができる。
Examples of starters to be added to and mixed (inoculated) with raw materials for fermented milk include Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus lactis, lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus, and other fermented milks. 1 or 2 or more selected from lactic acid bacteria, yeast, etc. generally used in the production of.
The amount of starter to be added can be appropriately set according to the amount of addition employed in known methods for producing fermented milk. Also, the method of inoculating the starter is not particularly limited, and a method commonly used in the production of fermented milk can be appropriately used.
Fermentation conditions can be appropriately set in consideration of the type of fermented milk, the desired flavor, the type of starter to be used, and the like. For example, a method of maintaining the temperature in the fermentation chamber (fermentation temperature) within the range of 30° C. to 50° C. and fermenting while standing still in the fermentation chamber can be mentioned. Such temperature conditions generally facilitate the activity of lactic acid bacteria, so fermentation can proceed effectively. The fermentation temperature is usually about 30°C to 50°C, preferably 35°C to 45°C, more preferably 37°C to 43°C.
Fermentation time can be appropriately set and adjusted based on the time when the lactic acid acidity of the fermented milk reaches a predetermined ratio.
(発酵乳中のホエイタンパク質の割合)
本発明の発酵乳に含まれる、ホエイタンパク質の割合は、好ましくは0.75質量%以上0.89質量%未満であり、より好ましくは0.76質量%以上0.84質量%以下、さらに好ましくは0.77質量%以上0.81質量%以下である。発酵乳中のホエイタンパク質の割合が0.75質量%以上であることで、発酵乳に輸送時の組織崩れを抑制する硬度を付与し、かつなめらかな外観で、カード粒量を抑制した発酵乳を製造することができる。
本発明の発酵乳中の、ホエイタンパク質の含有量は、J. Chromatography A 2001, 928, 63-76. Identification and quantification of major bovine milk proteins by liquid chromatography. (Bordin et al.)に従って、液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて評価することができる。
(percentage of whey protein in fermented milk)
The proportion of whey protein contained in the fermented milk of the present invention is preferably 0.75% by mass or more and less than 0.89% by mass, more preferably 0.76% by mass or more and 0.84% by mass or less, and still more preferably is 0.77% by mass or more and 0.81% by mass or less. A fermented milk having a whey protein content of 0.75% by mass or more in the fermented milk, thereby imparting hardness to the fermented milk that suppresses disorganization during transportation, and having a smooth appearance and suppressing the amount of curd grains. can be manufactured.
The whey protein content in the fermented milk of the present invention is determined by liquid chromatography according to J. Chromatography A 2001, 928, 63-76. Identification and quantification of major bovine milk proteins by liquid chromatography (Bordin et al.). can be evaluated using
(発酵乳の全固形分)
本発明の発酵乳の全固形分の割合は、好ましくは10.6質量%以上13.0質量%以下であり、より好ましくは11.0質量%以上12.8質量%以下、さらに好ましくは11.3質量%以上12.4質量%以下である。10.6質量%未満であると、輸送時の組織崩れを抑制する硬度が得られず、また、13.0質量%より多いと硬度は担保されるものの攪拌後のなめらかさに劣り、カード粒が発生するため好ましくない。
本発明の発酵乳中の、全固形量は、公知の方法で評価することができる。
(Total solid content of fermented milk)
The proportion of total solids in the fermented milk of the present invention is preferably 10.6% by mass or more and 13.0% by mass or less, more preferably 11.0% by mass or more and 12.8% by mass or less, and still more preferably 11% by mass or more. .3% by mass or more and 12.4% by mass or less. If it is less than 10.6% by mass, the hardness that suppresses the collapse of the structure during transportation cannot be obtained. is not preferable because
The total solid content in the fermented milk of the present invention can be evaluated by a known method.
発酵乳中のホエイタンパク質の割合が0.75質量%以上0.89質量%未満であり、かつ発酵乳の全固形分の割合が10.6質量%以上13.0質量%以下であることで、発酵乳に輸送時の組織崩れを抑制する硬度を付与し、かつなめらかな外観で、カード粒の発生を抑制した発酵乳を製造することができる。 The ratio of whey protein in fermented milk is 0.75% by mass or more and less than 0.89% by mass, and the ratio of total solids in fermented milk is 10.6% by mass or more and 13.0% by mass or less. Thus, the fermented milk can be produced by giving the fermented milk a hardness that suppresses the collapse of the texture during transportation, and having a smooth appearance and suppressing the generation of curd grains.
(その他の成分)
本発明の発酵乳は、無脂肪の静置型発酵乳に関しており、脂肪量は0.5%未満である。脂肪量は多い方が、輸送時の組織崩れを抑制でき、かつ攪拌後の外観がなめらかであり、カード粒の発生は少ない。
本発明の発酵乳は、乳タンパク質含量が、発酵乳基準で3.7質量%以上であることが好ましい。乳タンパク質含量が3.7質量%未満では、乳タンパク質による発酵乳の組織形成が不十分となり、輸送時の組織崩れの抑制のため、他の成分で全固形を増加する調整が必要となるが、乳糖や灰分量を増加させた場合、発酵乳の風味に影響する。乳タンパク質含量は、発酵乳基準で好ましくは3.7質量%以上、より好ましくは3.8質量%以上、さらに好ましくは3.9質量%以上がよい。
本発明の発酵乳は、乳糖含量が、発酵乳基準で5.4質量%以上であることが好ましい。乳糖量が5.4質量%未満では、輸送時の組織崩れの抑制のため、他の成分で全固形を増加する調整が必要となるが、乳タンパク質や灰分量を増加させた場合、発酵乳の風味に影響する。乳糖含量は、発酵乳基準で好ましくは5.4質量%以上、より好ましくは5.8質量%以上、さらに好ましくは6.2質量%以上がよい。
本発明の発酵乳中の、乳タンパク質量、および乳糖の含有量は、公知の方法により測定することができる。
(other ingredients)
The fermented milk of the present invention relates to a fat-free, stationary fermented milk and has a fat content of less than 0.5%. The larger the amount of fat, the more it is possible to suppress the collapse of the structure during transportation, the smoother the appearance after stirring, and the less generation of curd grains.
The fermented milk of the present invention preferably has a milk protein content of 3.7% by mass or more based on the fermented milk. If the milk protein content is less than 3.7% by mass, the tissue formation of the fermented milk by the milk protein becomes insufficient, and in order to suppress the collapse of the tissue during transportation, it is necessary to adjust with other ingredients to increase the total solids. , If the amount of lactose and ash content is increased, it affects the flavor of fermented milk. The milk protein content is preferably 3.7% by mass or more, more preferably 3.8% by mass or more, and still more preferably 3.9% by mass or more, based on the fermented milk.
The fermented milk of the present invention preferably has a lactose content of 5.4% by mass or more based on the fermented milk. If the lactose content is less than 5.4% by mass, it is necessary to adjust the total solids with other ingredients to suppress tissue collapse during transportation, but if the milk protein and ash content are increased, the fermented milk affect the flavor of The lactose content is preferably 5.4% by mass or more, more preferably 5.8% by mass or more, and still more preferably 6.2% by mass or more based on the fermented milk.
The amount of milk protein and the content of lactose in the fermented milk of the present invention can be measured by known methods.
(静置型発酵乳の製造方法)
本発明の静置型発酵乳の製造方法は、原料混合工程、加温・均質化工程、殺菌工程、冷却工程、スターター添加・混合工程、充填工程、発酵工程、冷却工程、また必要に応じて発酵工程前後に濃縮工程を含むことができる。すなわち、まず生乳、脱脂粉乳および無脂肪牛乳などの乳製品を混合・溶解する。この混合物を50~90℃に加温した後、ホモゲナイザーで均質化、次いで殺菌する。加温および殺菌に用いる機器は、プレート式熱交換器、チューブ式殺菌機、サーモシリンダー、ジュール加熱装置、タンクを用いたバッチ式殺菌およびこれらの組み合わせのいずれでも良いが、これらに限定されるものではなく、発酵乳製造に用いることができればよい。殺菌温度は例えば、90~95℃のHTST法、130℃以上のUHT法など、発酵乳製造に用いられる条件であれば制限はない。殺菌後、プレートクーラーなどで35~55℃まで冷却してから混合タンクに移され、そこで乳酸菌およびまたは酵母(スターター)が添加・混合される。その混合物を容器(通例は紙製またはプラスチック製のカップ状の容器・同じく紙またはプラスチック製の上蓋が付いている)に充填し、必要に応じて小単位の数ずつ包装してから発酵が行われる。発酵条件はスターターによって異なり、一般に発酵乳製造で適用される条件であれば、いずれの温度、時間、仕上げ酸度、仕上げpHでも良い。発酵後、10℃以下の温度に冷却する。
(Method for producing stationary fermented milk)
The method for producing stationary fermented milk of the present invention includes a raw material mixing step, a heating/homogenizing step, a sterilization step, a cooling step, a starter addition/mixing step, a filling step, a fermentation step, a cooling step, and if necessary, fermentation A concentration step can be included before and after the step. That is, first, dairy products such as raw milk, powdered skim milk and non-fat milk are mixed and dissolved. The mixture is heated to 50-90° C., homogenized with a homogenizer, and then sterilized. Devices used for heating and sterilization may be plate heat exchangers, tube sterilizers, thermo cylinders, joule heating devices, batch sterilization using tanks, and combinations thereof, but are limited to these. Instead, it is sufficient if it can be used for fermented milk production. The sterilization temperature is not limited, for example, the HTST method at 90 to 95° C., the UHT method at 130° C. or higher, and the like, as long as it is the condition used for the production of fermented milk. After sterilization, the mixture is cooled to 35 to 55° C. with a plate cooler or the like and transferred to a mixing tank, where lactic acid bacteria and/or yeast (starter) are added and mixed. The mixture is filled into a container (usually a cup-shaped container made of paper or plastic, also with a paper or plastic lid), and if necessary, packaged in small units before fermentation is performed. will be Fermentation conditions vary depending on the starter, and any temperature, time, finish acidity, and finish pH may be used as long as they are conditions generally applied to the production of fermented milk. After fermentation, cool to a temperature below 10°C.
(輸送時の組織崩れ、離水量)
発酵乳を充填した容器をクレート(発酵乳を充填した容器を入れるのに適したカゴ)に入れて、振動発生機にクレートを固定し、所定の振動を加えた後の状態について、亀裂・陥没(組織崩れ)の有無、離水発生量を評価することができる。
また、発酵乳の硬度を測定することによって評価することができる。
(Structural collapse during transportation, amount of separation of water)
Place a container filled with fermented milk in a crate (a basket suitable for putting a container filled with fermented milk), fix the crate to a vibration generator, and apply a predetermined amount of vibration. It is possible to evaluate the presence or absence of (structural collapse) and the amount of water separation.
Moreover, it can evaluate by measuring the hardness of fermented milk.
(攪拌時の外観なめらかさ、カード粒の発生)
発酵乳を攪拌した後の外観が「なめらか」であり、カード粒の発生がない状態とは、スープ用スプーンなどを用いて発酵乳を15回攪拌した後に、組織が均一で、カード粒(粒状の凝集物)がないことを意味する。発酵乳の外観がなめらかであるかどうか、またカード粒の発生があるかどうかは、パネラーの官能評価により評価することができる。
また、発酵乳の粒度分布を測定し、体積平均の90%粒子径によって評価することができる。
(Smooth appearance during stirring, generation of curd grains)
The state in which the appearance of the fermented milk after stirring is “smooth” and no curd grains are generated means that the texture is uniform and the curd grains (granular) are obtained after stirring the fermented milk 15 times using a soup spoon or the like. agglomerates). Whether or not the fermented milk has a smooth appearance and whether or not curd grains are generated can be evaluated by sensory evaluation by panelists.
In addition, the particle size distribution of the fermented milk can be measured, and the volume average 90% particle size can be used for evaluation.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれにより限定されるものではない。特に説明がない限り、%は質量%を示す。WPCに含まれるホエイタンパク質量は約79%以上であり、WPIに含まれるホエイタンパク質量は約80%以上であり、ホエイ粉に含まれるホエイタンパク質量は約8%以上である。 EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, % indicates % by mass. The amount of whey protein contained in WPC is about 79% or more, the amount of whey protein contained in WPI is about 80% or more, and the amount of whey protein contained in whey powder is about 8% or more.
(実施例1)
脱脂粉乳10.3%、およびWPC0.15%となるよう溶解し、ミックスを調製した。ミックスを60℃まで温度上昇させた後、150kgw/cm2の均質圧で均質処理した。その後、90℃まで昇温させ、90℃に到達後10分間の加熱処理を実施した。冷却後、乳酸菌のバルクスターターを接種し、プラスチック容器に約400g充填し、蓋材をシールした。40℃で発酵させ、酸度が0.7%となった時点で5℃冷蔵庫に移し、冷却し、実施例品1を得た。
(Example 1)
Skim milk powder 10.3% and WPC 0.15% were dissolved to prepare a mix. After the mix was heated to 60° C., it was homogenized under a homogenization pressure of 150 kgw/cm 2 . After that, the temperature was raised to 90°C, and heat treatment was performed for 10 minutes after reaching 90°C. After cooling, a bulk starter of lactic acid bacteria was inoculated, about 400 g was filled in a plastic container, and the lid was sealed. It was fermented at 40°C, and when the acidity reached 0.7%, it was transferred to a 5°C refrigerator and cooled to obtain Example product 1.
(実施例2)
脱脂粉乳10%、およびホエイ粉を1.8%となるよう溶解した以外は実施例品1と同様にして、実施例品2を得た。
(Example 2)
Example product 2 was obtained in the same manner as example product 1, except that 10% skim milk powder and 1.8% whey powder were dissolved.
(実施例3)
脱脂粉乳10%、およびWPIを0.28%となるよう溶解した以外は実施例品1と同様にして、実施例品3を得た。
(Example 3)
Example product 3 was obtained in the same manner as example product 1, except that 10% skimmed milk powder and 0.28% WPI were dissolved.
(実施例4)
脱脂粉乳9%、WPC0.3%およびホエイ粉1%となるよう溶解した以外は実施例品1と同様にして、実施例品4を得た。
(Example 4)
Example product 4 was obtained in the same manner as example product 1, except that 9% skimmed milk powder, 0.3% WPC and 1% whey powder were dissolved.
(比較例1)
脱脂粉乳9%、WPC0.3%およびホエイ粉1.2%となるよう溶解した以外は実施例品1と同様にして、比較例品1を得た。
(Comparative example 1)
Comparative Example Product 1 was obtained in the same manner as Example Product 1, except that the skimmed milk powder was 9%, WPC was 0.3%, and whey powder was 1.2%.
(比較例2)
脱脂粉乳10%、WPC0.01%およびホエイ粉1.3%となるよう溶解した以外は実施例品1と同様にして、比較例品2を得た。
(Comparative example 2)
Comparative example product 2 was obtained in the same manner as example product 1, except that powdered skim milk was 10%, WPC was 0.01%, and whey powder was 1.3%.
(比較例3)
脱脂粉乳10%、およびホエイ粉2.7%となるよう溶解した以外は実施例品1と同様にして、比較例品3を得た。
(Comparative Example 3)
Comparative example product 3 was obtained in the same manner as example product 1, except that skimmed milk powder was 10% and whey powder was dissolved to 2.7%.
(比較例4)
脱脂粉乳9.5%、WPC0.2%およびホエイ粉0.5%となるよう溶解した以外は実施例品1と同様にして、比較例品4を得た。
(Comparative Example 4)
Comparative example product 4 was obtained in the same manner as example product 1, except that skimmed milk powder was 9.5%, WPC was 0.2%, and whey powder was dissolved to be 0.5%.
(試験例1:輸送時の組織崩れ、離水の発生)
製造後1日目に、発酵乳を充填した容器を、クレート(発酵乳を充填した容器を入れるのに適したカゴ)に入れて、振動発生機にクレートを固定した。振動発生機を用い、周波数を10Hzから20Hzまで増加させた後、20Hzから10Hzまで周波数を減少させる振動を14分24秒かけて実施し、4回繰り返した。なお、試験開始時の発酵乳は10℃に温度調整しており、試験は25℃室温下で実施した。その後、発酵乳ミックスの組織崩れ(具体的には亀裂・陥没)、および離水発生の有無を評価した。いずれかが発生していた場合を好ましくない(×)、いずれも発生しなかった場合を好ましい(〇)とした。
(Test Example 1: Disintegration of structure during transportation, occurrence of syneresis)
One day after production, the container filled with the fermented milk was placed in a crate (a basket suitable for containing the container filled with the fermented milk) and the crate was fixed to the vibration generator. Using a vibration generator, the frequency was increased from 10 Hz to 20 Hz and then decreased from 20 Hz to 10 Hz for 14 minutes and 24 seconds, and was repeated four times. The temperature of the fermented milk at the start of the test was adjusted to 10°C, and the test was carried out at room temperature of 25°C. After that, the fermented milk mix was evaluated for structural collapse (specifically, cracks and depressions) and syneresis. A case where either occurred was evaluated as unfavorable (×), and a case where neither occurred was evaluated as preferable (◯).
(試験例2:発酵乳の硬度)
製造後1日目に、発酵乳の硬度を測定した。発酵乳サンプルは10℃に温度調整し、16mmの円柱治具を上面から10mm貫入させた時点での荷重を硬度とした。18gw以上を輸送時の組織崩れに対して耐性がある(〇)とし、18gw未満を輸送時の組織崩れに対して耐性がない(×)とした。
(Test Example 2: Hardness of fermented milk)
One day after production, the hardness of the fermented milk was measured. The temperature of the fermented milk sample was adjusted to 10° C., and the load at the time when a 16 mm cylindrical jig was penetrated from the upper surface by 10 mm was defined as hardness. 18 gw or more was evaluated as being resistant to structural collapse during transportation (○), and less than 18 gw was evaluated as not being resistant to structural collapse during transportation (×).
(試験例3:攪拌後の外観のなめらかさ、カード粒の発生)
製造後7日目に、発酵乳を、スープ用スプーンなどを用いて、15回攪拌した後に、組織が均一で、カード粒(粒状の凝集物)が発生しているかどうかを、パネラーの官能評価により評価した。
7段階の絶対評価による官能評価で評価した。評価点ごとの項目は、「3点:かなりなめらか、2点:ややなめらか、1点:わずかになめらか、0点:どちらでもない、-1点:わずかにカード粒がある、-2点:ややカード粒がある、-3点:かなりカード粒がある」とし、訓練した専門パネル10人以上で実施した。評点の平均が0点以上のものを好ましい(〇)とし、0点未満をカード粒が発生していて好ましくない(×)とした。
(Test Example 3: Smooth appearance after stirring, generation of curd grains)
On the 7th day after production, the fermented milk was stirred 15 times using a soup spoon or the like, and then the panelists sensory evaluated whether the structure was uniform and curd grains (granular aggregates) were generated. Evaluated by
It was evaluated by sensory evaluation based on 7-step absolute evaluation. The items for each evaluation point are "3 points: quite smooth, 2 points: somewhat smooth, 1 point: slightly smooth, 0 points: neither, -1 points: slightly curd grains, -2 points: somewhat There are card grains, -3 points: There are considerable card grains," and was conducted by a trained panel of 10 or more. Those with an average score of 0 or more were evaluated as favorable (◯), and those with an average score of less than 0 were evaluated as unfavorable (×) because curd grains were generated.
(試験例4:90%粒子径)
製造後7日目に、レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分析計Microtrac MT3000II(日機装(株))を用いて粒子径を測定した。サンプル量200μLを分散媒である脱イオン水に注入し、循環流速は30%で測定した。測定60秒後の90%粒子径(体積)を代表値として算出した。90%粒子径は、200μm未満を好ましい(〇)とし、ざらつきが生じる200μm以上を好ましくない(×)とした。
(Test Example 4: 90% particle size)
Seven days after production, the particle size was measured using a laser diffraction/scattering particle size analyzer Microtrac MT3000II (Nikkiso Co., Ltd.). A sample amount of 200 μL was injected into deionized water as a dispersion medium, and the measurement was performed at a circulation flow rate of 30%. 90% particle size (volume) after 60 seconds of measurement was calculated as a representative value. A 90% particle size of less than 200 μm was evaluated as preferable (◯), and a particle size of 200 μm or more, which causes roughness, was evaluated as unfavorable (×).
(試験結果)
実施例品1~4及び比較例品1~4の発酵乳の組成及び評価結果を表1に示す。なお、ミックスの組成は発酵乳の組成と同じである。
なお、実施例品及び比較例品の脂肪量は、0.33量%であったから無脂肪発酵乳である。
実施例品1、2、3、4では、発酵乳中のホエイタンパク質量がそれぞれ0.75%、0.77%、0.84%、0.87%であり、また全固形量はそれぞれ、10.8%、12.1%、10.7%、10.8%であった。
これらは官能評価の結果、輸送時の組織崩れ及び離水の発生がないと評価された。輸送時の組織崩れに関与する製造後1日目の硬度を測定した結果、実施例品1~4では、硬度が19gw、25gw、26gw、31gwであり、18gw以上の値を示し、好ましい結果であった。
また、実施例品1~4は、官能評価の結果、発酵乳の攪拌後の外観はなめらかであり、カード粒の発生がないと評価された。発酵乳の攪拌後の外観のなめらかさ、カード粒の発生と関係する90%粒子径を測定した結果、110.2μm、114.4μm、120.5μm、190.7μmであり、いずれも200μm未満であり、好ましい結果を示した。
(Test results)
Table 1 shows the compositions and evaluation results of the fermented milks of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4. The composition of the mix is the same as that of the fermented milk.
In addition, since the amount of fat in the example product and the comparative example product was 0.33% by weight, they are fat-free fermented milk.
In Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, the whey protein content in the fermented milk was 0.75%, 0.77%, 0.84%, and 0.87%, respectively, and the total solid content was They were 10.8%, 12.1%, 10.7% and 10.8%.
As a result of the sensory evaluation, these were evaluated as having neither structural collapse nor syneresis during transportation. As a result of measuring the hardness on the first day after production, which is involved in the collapse of the structure during transportation, the hardness of Example products 1 to 4 was 19 gw, 25 gw, 26 gw, and 31 gw, showing values of 18 gw or more, which is a favorable result. there were.
As a result of sensory evaluation, Examples 1 to 4 were evaluated to have a smooth appearance after stirring of the fermented milk, and no curd grains. As a result of measuring the smoothness of the appearance of fermented milk after stirring and the 90% particle size related to the generation of curd grains, it was 110.2 μm, 114.4 μm, 120.5 μm, and 190.7 μm, all of which were less than 200 μm. and showed favorable results.
一方、比較例品1では、発酵乳中のホエイタンパク質量が、0.89%(0.87%より大きいの値)であり、全固形量は10.8%であった。評価の結果、輸送時の組織崩れはなく、硬度は40gwで良好な数値を示した。しかし、攪拌後の外観はなめらかでなくカード粒が発生していると評価され、90%粒子径は209.3μmであり、好ましくない値を示した。
比較例品2では、発酵乳中のホエイタンパク質量が、0.73%(0.75%未満の値)であり、全固形量は11.8%であった。評価の結果、攪拌後の外観はなめらかでカード粒は発生していないと評価され、90%粒子径は102.7μmであり、好ましい値を示した。しかし、輸送時の組織崩れがあり、硬度は17gwで好ましくない値を示した。
比較例品3では、発酵乳中のホエイタンパク質量が、0.85%であり、全固形量は13.1(13.0%より大きく)であった。評価の結果、輸送時の組織崩れはなく、硬度は41gwで良好な数値を示した。しかし、攪拌後の外観はなめらかでなくカード粒が発生していると評価され、90%粒子径は225μmであり、好ましくない値を示した。
比較例品4では、発酵乳中のホエイタンパク質量が、0.78%であり、全固形量は10.5%(10.6%未満の値)であった。評価の結果、攪拌後の外観はなめらかでカード粒は発生していないと評価され、90%粒子径は109.2μmであり、好ましい値を示した。しかし、輸送時の組織崩れがあり、硬度は17gwで好ましくない値を示した。
以上の結果から、発酵乳中のホエイタンパク質量を0.75%以上0.89%未満、全固形量を10.6%以上13.0%以下である発酵乳では、輸送時の組織崩れ、離水発生が抑制され、硬度が18gw以上となり、また攪拌後の外観がなめらかでカード粒発生が抑制されることが示された。
On the other hand, in Comparative Example Product 1, the whey protein content in the fermented milk was 0.89% (a value greater than 0.87%), and the total solid content was 10.8%. As a result of the evaluation, there was no structural collapse during transportation, and the hardness was 40 gw, which was a good value. However, it was evaluated that the appearance after stirring was not smooth and that curd grains were generated, and the 90% particle size was 209.3 μm, which was an unfavorable value.
In Comparative Example Product 2, the amount of whey protein in the fermented milk was 0.73% (value less than 0.75%), and the total solids amount was 11.8%. As a result of the evaluation, it was evaluated that the appearance after stirring was smooth and no curd particles were generated, and the 90% particle size was 102.7 μm, which was a preferable value. However, the structure collapsed during transportation, and the hardness showed an unfavorable value of 17 gw.
In Comparative Example 3, the amount of whey protein in the fermented milk was 0.85% and the total solids amount was 13.1 (greater than 13.0%). As a result of the evaluation, there was no structural collapse during transportation, and the hardness was 41 gw, which was a good value. However, it was evaluated that the appearance after stirring was not smooth and that curd grains were generated, and the 90% particle size was 225 μm, which was an unfavorable value.
In Comparative Example Product 4, the whey protein content in the fermented milk was 0.78%, and the total solid content was 10.5% (a value less than 10.6%). As a result of the evaluation, it was evaluated that the appearance after stirring was smooth and no curd particles were generated, and the 90% particle size was 109.2 μm, which was a preferable value. However, the structure collapsed during transportation, and the hardness showed an unfavorable value of 17 gw.
From the above results, fermented milk with a whey protein content of 0.75% or more and less than 0.89% and a total solid content of 10.6% or more and 13.0% or less, disintegration during transportation, It was shown that syneresis was suppressed, the hardness was 18 gw or more, and the appearance after stirring was smooth, and the occurrence of curd grains was suppressed.
本発明によれば、脂肪ゼロタイプの静置型発酵乳において、輸送時において発酵乳の組織の崩れ、離水発生を抑制できる硬度を発酵乳に付与し、かつ攪拌時の外観のなめらかさを付与し、カード粒の発生を抑制した発酵乳を提供することができる。しかも、発酵乳を、安定剤等の添加物や特別な原料、設備を使用することなく製造できるので、工業的生産に適している。 According to the present invention, in a fat-free stationary type fermented milk, the fermented milk is given a hardness that can suppress the collapse of the structure of the fermented milk and the occurrence of syneresis during transportation, and a smooth appearance when stirred. , it is possible to provide fermented milk that suppresses the generation of curd grains. Moreover, the fermented milk can be produced without using additives such as stabilizers, special raw materials, or equipment, so that it is suitable for industrial production.
Claims (9)
ホエイタンパク質量が0.75質量%以上0.89質量%未満であり、全固形量が10.6質量%以上13.0質量%以下であるミックスを準備する工程と、
当該ミックスを均質化処理する工程と、
均質化されたミックスを食用容器に充てんして発酵する工程と、
を含む、無脂肪の静置型発酵乳の製造方法。 A method for producing non-fat stationary fermented milk, comprising:
A step of preparing a mix having a whey protein content of 0.75% by mass or more and less than 0.89% by mass and a total solid content of 10.6% by mass or more and 13.0% by mass or less;
A step of homogenizing the mix;
A step of filling the homogenized mix into an edible container and fermenting it;
A method for producing fat-free stationary fermented milk, comprising:
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